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Economy of East Timor vs Panama compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

East Timor has a GDP of $1.88B compared to $86.3B for Panama, ranking 180/197 and 77/197 by economy size, respectively.

East Timor has $249M in government debt (13.9% of GDP), compared to $48.8B (58.1% of GDP) in Panama.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

East Timor
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Panama
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
East Timor Panama
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 - - $537,147,100 $3,163,056,542
1961 - - $599,026,300 $3,508,670,914
1962 - - $652,120,900 $3,797,951,597
1963 - - $722,784,500 $4,122,250,662
1964 - - $776,137,500 $4,304,954,186
1965 - - $852,485,300 $4,699,289,550
1966 - - $928,833,000 $5,055,561,577
1967 - - $1,034,376,400 $5,487,960,279
1968 - - $1,112,791,100 $5,870,876,596
1969 - - $1,221,305,700 $6,366,460,137
1970 - - $1,351,006,400 $6,809,516,493
1971 - - $1,523,917,200 $7,464,328,967
1972 - - $1,673,411,700 $7,806,405,169
1973 - - $1,913,793,400 $8,225,164,958
1974 - - $2,188,307,600 $8,426,543,281
1975 - - $2,435,304,100 $8,573,242,611
1976 - - $2,588,106,000 $8,715,940,922
1977 - - $2,738,261,900 $8,811,295,572
1978 - - $3,244,558,600 $9,674,154,373
1979 - - $3,704,551,600 $10,110,918,361
1980 - - $4,614,086,400 $11,433,879,627
1981 - - $5,222,421,500 $12,486,575,137
1982 - - $5,769,767,900 $13,154,414,169
1983 - - $5,923,755,900 $12,563,601,501
1984 - - $6,183,387,100 $12,904,008,989
1985 - - $6,541,517,100 $13,541,755,263
1986 - - $6,797,834,200 $14,024,896,413
1987 - - $6,827,665,300 $13,771,178,256
1988 - - $5,902,783,400 $11,928,616,118
1989 - - $5,918,469,800 $12,114,970,567
1990 $128,210,142 $481,437,141 $6,433,967,000 $13,096,161,186
1991 $147,713,000 $533,019,666 $7,074,675,500 $14,329,689,364
1992 $187,891,500 $588,770,963 $8,042,337,700 $15,504,964,654
1993 $216,914,400 $648,853,659 $8,782,585,400 $16,350,875,888
1994 $239,040,500 $695,070,456 $9,365,289,800 $16,816,899,903
1995 $262,819,900 $741,509,953 $9,573,813,700 $17,111,477,972
1996 $306,956,900 $800,698,650 $9,197,503,300 $16,124,998,545
1997 $319,972,700 $832,726,548 $10,058,854,400 $17,368,081,133
1998 $325,729,800 $816,072,049 $11,019,557,700 $18,824,824,096
1999 $225,357,600 $526,754,667 $11,660,704,800 $19,805,907,259
2000 $366,924,300 $832,683,748 $11,966,497,000 $20,639,538,981
2001 $477,443,500 $968,839,039 $12,252,906,300 $20,835,595,644
2002 $469,455,500 $903,891,443 $12,800,851,300 $21,358,328,178
2003 $490,439,100 $884,166,144 $13,603,456,000 $22,446,932,329
2004 $440,772,000 $887,702,844 $15,100,203,400 $24,282,115,702
2005 $462,268,000 $914,197,043 $16,623,906,700 $26,291,748,117
2006 $453,792,400 $876,567,845 $18,659,721,500 $28,883,388,489
2007 $542,795,400 $966,550,939 $21,717,433,800 $32,682,439,460
2008 $648,523,600 $1,076,687,532 $25,721,328,000 $36,015,209,193
2009 $726,937,800 $1,185,938,525 $27,791,215,500 $36,595,725,406
2010 $881,909,300 $1,296,604,518 $30,231,009,500 $38,818,327,826
2011 $1,042,534,600 $1,373,863,214 $35,687,738,300 $43,441,154,828
2012 $1,160,555,000 $1,440,641,509 $41,595,439,700 $47,623,362,287
2013 $1,395,727,400 $1,485,364,307 $46,949,496,500 $50,635,232,251
2014 $1,447,535,200 $1,551,797,202 $51,427,104,900 $52,977,523,790
2015 $1,590,282,400 $1,590,282,400 $55,767,806,100 $55,767,806,100
2016 $1,640,464,600 $1,638,148,797 $59,760,858,700 $58,317,491,836
2017 $1,584,878,400 $1,586,016,100 $64,327,688,800 $61,667,283,244
2018 $1,555,988,614 $1,586,017,920 $67,316,471,200 $64,083,529,549
2019 $2,032,550,389 $1,957,336,651 $69,778,991,200 $66,072,084,975
2020 $2,162,619,241 $2,582,938,998 $57,059,846,500 $54,297,226,766
2021 $3,624,889,673 $2,720,236,116 $67,396,392,500 $63,238,418,925
2022 $3,208,593,982 $2,161,456,509 $76,276,116,700 $70,048,985,345
2023 $2,079,916,909 $1,769,697,035 $83,318,176,900 $75,232,121,008
2024 $1,881,265,333 $1,730,956,216 $86,260,400,000 $77,385,013,513

Economic indicators

East Timor Panama
Gross domestic product
$1.88B
2024
$86.3B
2024
GDP rank
180/197
2024
77/197
2024
GDP growth
-9.55%
2023-2024
3.53%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$1,343
2024
$19,103
2024
GDP per capita rank
166/197
2024
61/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$4,758
2024
$41,405
2024
Government debt
$249M
2024
$48.8B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
13.9%
2025
58.1%
2025
Government debt per person
$177.7
2024
$10,816
2024
Government debt per person rank
182/185
2024
55/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,668
2025
$10,503
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$18.3B
2024
Income share by richest 10%
24%
2014
37.6%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
4%
2014
1.2%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
96.6%
2025
21.8%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.9%
2024-2025
0.69%
2023-2024
Unemployment rate
1.54%
2022
8.61%
2024
Population
1433311
4614993

GDP per capita in East Timor vs Panama

East Timor's GDP per capita is $1,343, ranking 166/197, compared to $19,103 in Panama, ranking 61/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), East Timor ranks 159th at $4,758, while Panama ranks 55th at $41,405.

East Timor
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Panama
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
East Timor Panama
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 - - $477 -
1961 - - $516 -
1962 - - $546 -
1963 - - $587 -
1964 - - $611 -
1965 - - $651 -
1966 - - $689 -
1967 - - $745 -
1968 - - $778 -
1969 - - $830 -
1970 - - $893 -
1971 - - $979 -
1972 - - $1,046 -
1973 - - $1,164 -
1974 - - $1,296 -
1975 - - $1,406 -
1976 - - $1,457 -
1977 - - $1,503 -
1978 - - $1,738 -
1979 - - $1,938 -
1980 - - $2,357 -
1981 - - $2,605 -
1982 - - $2,811 -
1983 - - $2,819 -
1984 - - $2,875 -
1985 - - $2,972 -
1986 - - $3,019 -
1987 - - $2,966 -
1988 - - $2,509 -
1989 - - $2,462 -
1990 $168.6 $685 $2,620 $5,137
1991 $189.8 $766 $2,821 $5,688
1992 $235.1 $843 $3,140 $6,165
1993 $264.1 $925 $3,358 $6,518
1994 $283.1 $985 $3,508 $6,708
1995 $303 $1,043 $3,514 $6,828
1996 $344 $1,116 $3,308 $6,421
1997 $349 $1,149 $3,546 $6,895
1998 $346 $1,108 $3,808 $7,408
1999 $270 $819 $3,950 $7,749
2000 $492 $1,483 $3,975 $8,097
2001 $588 $1,619 $3,992 $8,197
2002 $534 $1,417 $4,091 $8,370
2003 $535 $1,355 $4,265 $8,801
2004 $474 $1,379 $4,645 $9,592
2005 $487 $1,435 $5,018 $10,511
2006 $465 $1,377 $5,529 $11,685
2007 $540 $1,516 $6,318 $13,333
2008 $628 $1,675 $7,348 $14,705
2009 $687 $1,810 $7,797 $14,766
2010 $813 $1,955 $8,331 $15,573
2011 $939 $2,066 $9,662 $17,474
2012 $1,023 $2,386 $11,065 $19,473
2013 $1,205 $2,566 $12,273 $21,924
2014 $1,225 $2,860 $13,213 $24,376
2015 $1,320 $3,108 $14,083 $27,245
2016 $1,336 $3,391 $14,832 $30,277
2017 $1,266 $3,463 $15,695 $33,533
2018 $1,219 $3,561 $16,151 $32,464
2019 $1,562 $4,557 $16,478 $33,240
2020 $1,631 $6,132 $13,291 $27,017
2021 $2,685 $6,825 $15,510 $30,933
2022 $2,343 $5,728 $17,332 $36,245
2023 $1,503 $4,806 $18,686 $39,803
2024 $1,343 $4,758 $19,103 $41,405

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, East Timor's government spending was $1.7B, accounting for 96.6% of its GDP, while Panama's spent $19.7B, or 21.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 13.9% in East Timor and 58.1% in Panama, ranking 178/185 and 91/185, respectively.

East Timor
Government spending

Government debt
Panama
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
East Timor Panama
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 - - 16.6% 21%
1961 - - 18.9% 20.5%
1962 - - 16.4% 19.8%
1963 - - 19.1% 22.6%
1964 - - 14.1% 20%
1965 - - 13.2% 18.7%
1966 - - 14% 17.9%
1967 - - 14.9% 17.8%
1968 - - 14.2% 18%
1969 - - 20.5% 23.2%
1970 - - 22.4% 25.7%
1971 - - 15% 26.2%
1972 - - 15.6% 29.5%
1973 - - 14.4% 32.6%
1974 - - 15.3% 37.6%
1975 - - 15.3% 52.6%
1976 - - 15.9% 69.7%
1977 - - 16.9% 77.7%
1978 - - 27.6% 83.1%
1979 - - 35% 78.9%
1980 - - 30.5% 69.4%
1981 - - 30.7% 68.7%
1982 - - 48% 80.9%
1983 - - 44.6% 86.6%
1984 - - 44% 82.5%
1985 - - 39.7% 82.5%
1986 - - 38.6% 84%
1987 - - 40.1% 92.2%
1988 - - 41.8% 105%
1989 - - 43% 104.4%
1990 - - 41.5% 112.7%
1991 - - 20.9% 103.7%
1992 - - 27.8% 91.2%
1993 - - 33.8% 83.6%
1994 - - 25.2% 78.4%
1995 - - 25.9% 76.7%
1996 - - 21.5% 65%
1997 - - 22.2% 60.2%
1998 - - 23.4% 58.1%
1999 - - 23% 55.1%
2000 - - 22.8% 53.6%
2001 95.7% 0% 23.4% 57.8%
2002 93.5% 0% 23.5% 57%
2003 80.1% 0% 24.2% 56.5%
2004 74.2% 0% 23.3% 58.8%
2005 58.3% 0% 22.4% 59.3%
2006 59.8% 0% 21.9% 54.7%
2007 75.8% 0% 21.8% 47.4%
2008 122.4% 0% 22.7% 40%
2009 121.8% 0% 22.7% 39.1%
2010 121.3% 0% 24.2% 38.1%
2011 133.3% 0% 23.5% 35.6%
2012 129.3% 0.002% 22.8% 34%
2013 96.1% 0.46% 23.4% 33.7%
2014 111% 1.52% 23% 34.7%
2015 98.1% 2.95% 21.4% 34.3%
2016 112.2% 4.71% 21.3% 33.6%
2017 87.3% 6.71% 21.2% 33.6%
2018 85.5% 9.31% 21.8% 35.6%
2019 68.7% 9.51% 20.7% 39.9%
2020 61% 10.1% 27.5% 61.5%
2021 44.8% 6.53% 23.8% 54.4%
2022 60.2% 7.9% 21.3% 52.7%
2023 81.4% 12.4% 21.5% 51.5%
2024 90.3% 13.2% 22.8% 56.6%
2025 96.6% 13.9% 21.8% 58.1%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, East Timor's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$834M, equivalent to -44.3% of GDP. This compares to Panama's deficit of -$6.31B, or -7.32% of GDP.

Over the past 24 years, East Timor recorded a fiscal deficit in 22 of those years, while Panama ran a deficit in 21 years. On average, East Timor posted an annual deficit equal to -21.6% of GDP, compared to deficit of -2.56% of GDP for Panama.

Deficit/surplus
East Timor

Panama
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
East Timor Panama
1946 - -3.19%
1947 - -1.94%
1948 - -1.21%
1949 - -1%
1950 - -3.89%
1951 - -2.54%
1952 - -3.84%
1953 - -0.55%
1954 - -0.2%
1955 - -1.33%
1956 - -3.69%
1957 - -0.89%
1958 - -1.62%
1959 - -3.79%
1960 - -3.05%
1961 - -5.45%
1962 - -3.01%
1963 - -6.71%
1964 - -2.51%
1965 - -1.17%
1966 - -1.18%
1967 - -1.97%
1968 - -1.5%
1969 - -7.56%
1970 - -8.02%
1971 - -0.51%
1972 - -1.17%
1973 - -0.01%
1974 - -0.6%
1975 - -0.74%
1976 - -2.65%
1977 - -1.61%
1978 - -5.21%
1979 - -12.1%
1980 - -5.17%
1981 - -6.77%
1982 - -13.3%
1983 - -7.62%
1984 - -7.56%
1985 - -2.57%
1986 - -1%
1987 - -1.7%
1988 - -13.5%
1989 - -13.6%
1990 - -3.65%
1991 - -0.6%
1992 - -2.62%
1993 - -9.4%
1994 - 2.12%
1995 - 2.31%
1996 - 2.48%
1997 - 1.25%
1998 - -1.11%
1999 - -0.65%
2000 - 2.05%
2001 3.24% -0.42%
2002 -7.64% -0.96%
2003 -8.24% -2.27%
2004 -7.48% -4.33%
2005 -10.5% -2.21%
2006 41% 0.51%
2007 -29.9% 3.12%
2008 -18.6% 0.38%
2009 -17.2% -0.9%
2010 -19.8% -1.68%
2011 -25.4% -1.96%
2012 -38.7% -1.31%
2013 -14.4% -2.38%
2014 -37.5% -3.21%
2015 -33.2% -2.3%
2016 -55.7% -1.89%
2017 -33.8% -1.92%
2018 -26.9% -2.88%
2019 -25.4% -2.89%
2020 -18.9% -10.2%
2021 -20.1% -6.48%
2022 -31.7% -3.98%
2023 -37.3% -3.92%
2024 -44.3% -7.32%
2025 -51% -3.95%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 24 years, East Timor has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.36%, compared with 2.16% in Panama. In 2024, inflation was 0.9% in East Timor and 0.69% in Panama.

Inflation
East Timor

Panama
Year Inflation
East Timor Panama East Timor Panama
1996 - 1.26%
1997 - 1.32%
1998 - 0.56%
1999 - 1.25%
2000 - 1.5%
2001 3.6% 0.31%
2002 4.1% 1.01%
2003 8% 0.39%
2004 2.2% 0.47%
2005 1.6% 2.86%
2006 5.2% 2.46%
2007 8.6% 4.17%
2008 7.4% 8.76%
2009 -0.2% 2.41%
2010 5.2% 3.49%
2011 13.2% 5.88%
2012 10.9% 5.7%
2013 9.5% 4.03%
2014 0.8% 2.63%
2015 0.6% 0.14%
2016 -1.5% 0.74%
2017 0.5% 0.88%
2018 2.3% 0.76%
2019 0.9% -0.36%
2020 0.5% -1.55%
2021 3.8% 1.63%
2022 7% 2.86%
2023 8.4% 1.49%
2024 2.1% 0.69%
2025 0.9% -

Top exports between countries

East Timor
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $1K
Panama
Export category Export value

Balance of trade

East Timor Panama
Current account balance
-$565M
2024
$1.67B
2024
Current account balance ranking
103/189
2024
49/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-30%
2024
+1.94%
2024
Goods imports
$839M
2024
$25.1B
2024
Goods exports
$196M
2024
$19.1B
2024
Service imports
$405M
2024
$5.75B
2024
Service exports
$82.1M
2024
$18.3B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
66.4%
2023
43.1%
2023
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.9%
2023
46.5%
2023

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

East Timor Panama
Economic freedom 47.9 65.5
Economic freedom ranking 174/197 62/197
Property rights 41.5 56
Government integrity 44.1 37
Judicial effectiveness 36.2 49.4
Tax burden 97.3 86.9
Government spending 0 85.2
Fiscal health 19.8 62.4
Business freedom 65.6 73.4
Labor freedom 57.2 60.7
Monetary freedom 67.5 76.4
Trade freedom 80 78.6
Investment freedom 45 60
Financial freedom 20 60

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for East Timor is 47.9, ranking 174/197, compared to 65.5 for Panama, ranking 62/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

East Timor
Panama
Year Economic freedom index
East Timor Panama
1995 - 71.6
1996 - 71.8
1997 - 72.4
1998 - 72.6
1999 - 72.6
2000 - 71.6
2001 - 70.6
2002 - 68.5
2003 - 68.4
2004 - 65.3
2005 - 64.3
2006 - 65.6
2007 - 64.6
2008 - 64.7
2009 50.5 64.7
2010 45.8 64.8
2011 42.8 64.9
2012 43.3 65.2
2013 43.7 62.5
2014 43.2 63.4
2015 45.5 64.1
2016 45.8 64.8
2017 46.3 66.3
2018 48.1 67
2019 44.2 67.2
2020 45.9 67.2
2021 44.7 66.2
2022 46.3 65.4
2023 47.2 63.8
2024 50.2 64.1
2025 47.9 65.5

More economic indicators

East Timor Panama
Services, % of GDP
61%
2023
68.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
23.9%
2023
26.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
16.9%
2023
2.58%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.18B
2024
$81.1B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$4,880
2024
$39,290
2024
Total reserves including gold
$780M
2024
$6.86B
2024
Total reserves ranking
145/177
2024
88/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$228M
2024
-$2.38B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$232M
2024
$3.24B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.5M
2024
$865M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
1.03%
2023
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
41.8%
2014
21.7%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
20.5%
2023
37.7%
2023

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.