The latest officially reported population of Botswana was 2,521,139 in 2024 vs 83,516,593 people in Germany in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Botswana's population is 2,615,162 people compared to 82,575,542 in Germany.
Population statistics:
- Germany's population is 31.6 times bigger than Botswana's.
- Botswana is ranked the 142nd most populous country in the world, while Germany is the 19th.
- The countries together account for 1.03% of the world: 0.03% for Botswana vs 1% for Germany.
- For the last 10 years, Botswana has had an average growth rate of +1.5% per year vs +0.32% in Germany.
- Since 2006, the population of Botswana has increased from 1.87M people to 2.62M (39.5% growth), while Germany has grown from 82.4M to 82.6M (0.24% growth).
Botswana vs Germany: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 2100 | 3,871,504 | 69,929,981 |
| 2099 | 3,876,625 | 69,956,854 |
| 2098 | 3,882,670 | 69,973,838 |
| 2097 | 3,887,985 | 70,015,834 |
| 2096 | 3,892,886 | 70,046,713 |
| 2095 | 3,897,211 | 70,067,131 |
| 2094 | 3,901,478 | 70,085,911 |
| 2093 | 3,905,541 | 70,106,718 |
| 2092 | 3,909,490 | 70,132,132 |
| 2091 | 3,913,899 | 70,178,440 |
| 2090 | 3,916,706 | 70,240,137 |
| 2089 | 3,917,351 | 70,294,005 |
| 2088 | 3,917,510 | 70,352,443 |
| 2087 | 3,916,826 | 70,434,814 |
| 2086 | 3,916,303 | 70,532,124 |
| 2085 | 3,915,785 | 70,627,602 |
| 2084 | 3,914,364 | 70,722,960 |
| 2083 | 3,912,929 | 70,829,392 |
| 2082 | 3,910,994 | 70,932,273 |
| 2081 | 3,910,013 | 71,045,881 |
| 2080 | 3,908,255 | 71,171,519 |
| 2079 | 3,905,358 | 71,305,544 |
| 2078 | 3,900,828 | 71,445,484 |
| 2077 | 3,896,126 | 71,601,117 |
| 2076 | 3,890,528 | 71,757,525 |
| 2075 | 3,884,696 | 71,891,567 |
| 2074 | 3,879,057 | 72,046,795 |
| 2073 | 3,873,259 | 72,206,145 |
| 2072 | 3,865,665 | 72,356,324 |
| 2071 | 3,858,720 | 72,517,749 |
| 2070 | 3,851,234 | 72,664,462 |
| 2069 | 3,841,316 | 72,828,330 |
| 2068 | 3,830,826 | 72,993,859 |
| 2067 | 3,818,341 | 73,178,408 |
| 2066 | 3,805,705 | 73,370,207 |
| 2065 | 3,791,211 | 73,561,648 |
| 2064 | 3,775,938 | 73,762,096 |
| 2063 | 3,760,179 | 73,971,537 |
| 2062 | 3,742,710 | 74,198,775 |
| 2061 | 3,723,346 | 74,426,082 |
| 2060 | 3,703,231 | 74,678,280 |
| 2059 | 3,682,816 | 74,932,496 |
| 2058 | 3,659,567 | 75,206,278 |
| 2057 | 3,635,514 | 75,482,742 |
| 2056 | 3,611,843 | 75,756,281 |
| 2055 | 3,587,056 | 76,041,477 |
| 2054 | 3,562,182 | 76,325,196 |
| 2053 | 3,535,732 | 76,595,801 |
| 2052 | 3,507,938 | 76,839,962 |
| 2051 | 3,479,939 | 77,084,029 |
| 2050 | 3,451,521 | 77,325,459 |
| 2049 | 3,422,143 | 77,569,721 |
| 2048 | 3,391,720 | 77,818,888 |
| 2047 | 3,360,414 | 78,049,343 |
| 2046 | 3,328,208 | 78,272,834 |
| 2045 | 3,296,489 | 78,497,690 |
| 2044 | 3,265,120 | 78,722,126 |
| 2043 | 3,233,076 | 78,936,540 |
| 2042 | 3,201,405 | 79,130,312 |
| 2041 | 3,168,873 | 79,324,161 |
| 2040 | 3,135,889 | 79,536,735 |
| 2039 | 3,101,794 | 79,754,631 |
| 2038 | 3,067,648 | 79,978,474 |
| 2037 | 3,032,620 | 80,194,225 |
| 2036 | 2,996,884 | 80,425,162 |
| 2035 | 2,960,590 | 80,640,951 |
| 2034 | 2,923,411 | 80,844,719 |
| 2033 | 2,885,991 | 81,069,119 |
| 2032 | 2,847,292 | 81,286,326 |
| 2031 | 2,808,872 | 81,520,272 |
| 2030 | 2,768,505 | 81,736,996 |
| 2029 | 2,728,467 | 81,963,002 |
| 2028 | 2,686,968 | 82,178,048 |
| 2027 | 2,645,863 | 82,384,302 |
| 2026 | 2,603,779 | 82,575,542 |
| 2025 | 2,562,651 | 83,233,941 |
| 2024 | 2,521,139 | 83,516,593 |
| 2023 | 2,480,244 | 83,287,273 |
| 2022 | 2,439,892 | 83,177,813 |
| 2021 | 2,401,441 | 83,196,078 |
| 2020 | 2,365,894 | 83,160,871 |
| 2019 | 2,332,083 | 83,092,962 |
| 2018 | 2,299,141 | 82,905,782 |
| 2017 | 2,266,747 | 82,657,002 |
| 2016 | 2,234,776 | 82,348,669 |
| 2015 | 2,203,273 | 81,686,611 |
| 2014 | 2,172,044 | 80,982,500 |
| 2013 | 2,140,682 | 80,645,605 |
| 2012 | 2,108,617 | 80,425,823 |
| 2011 | 2,073,535 | 80,274,983 |
| 2010 | 2,033,111 | 81,776,930 |
| 2009 | 1,990,673 | 81,902,307 |
| 2008 | 1,949,970 | 82,110,097 |
| 2007 | 1,911,201 | 82,266,372 |
| 2006 | 1,874,516 | 82,376,451 |
| 2005 | 1,839,877 | 82,469,422 |
| 2004 | 1,807,146 | 82,516,260 |
| 2003 | 1,775,736 | 82,534,176 |
| 2002 | 1,744,763 | 82,488,495 |
| 2001 | 1,712,254 | 82,349,925 |
| 2000 | 1,677,382 | 82,211,508 |
| 1999 | 1,641,997 | 82,100,243 |
| 1998 | 1,606,899 | 82,047,195 |
| 1997 | 1,571,691 | 82,034,771 |
| 1996 | 1,535,914 | 81,914,831 |
| 1995 | 1,498,836 | 81,678,051 |
| 1994 | 1,460,023 | 81,438,348 |
| 1993 | 1,420,115 | 81,156,363 |
| 1992 | 1,380,033 | 80,624,598 |
| 1991 | 1,341,756 | 80,013,896 |
| 1990 | 1,305,696 | 79,433,029 |
| 1989 | 1,270,274 | 78,751,283 |
| 1988 | 1,235,476 | 78,144,619 |
| 1987 | 1,199,167 | 77,839,920 |
| 1986 | 1,160,650 | 77,720,436 |
| 1985 | 1,121,945 | 77,684,873 |
| 1984 | 1,083,660 | 77,858,685 |
| 1983 | 1,046,137 | 78,128,282 |
| 1982 | 1,009,269 | 78,333,366 |
| 1981 | 969,996 | 78,407,907 |
| 1980 | 937,485 | 78,288,576 |
| 1979 | 901,742 | 78,126,350 |
| 1978 | 849,239 | 78,091,820 |
| 1977 | 799,574 | 78,159,814 |
| 1976 | 758,508 | 78,336,950 |
| 1975 | 720,380 | 78,673,554 |
| 1974 | 685,448 | 78,967,433 |
| 1973 | 652,408 | 78,936,666 |
| 1972 | 622,407 | 78,688,452 |
| 1971 | 600,481 | 78,312,842 |
| 1970 | 590,334 | 78,169,289 |
| 1969 | 587,066 | 77,909,682 |
| 1968 | 583,966 | 77,294,314 |
| 1967 | 580,933 | 76,951,336 |
| 1966 | 577,866 | 76,600,311 |
| 1965 | 574,664 | 75,963,695 |
| 1964 | 566,266 | 75,318,337 |
| 1963 | 552,966 | 74,714,353 |
| 1962 | 540,186 | 74,025,784 |
| 1961 | 527,942 | 73,377,632 |
| 1960 | 516,165 | 72,814,900 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/botswana/germany | CC BY
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Botswana increased by 360,260 people (a 19.2% growth), while Germany lost 27,782 people (a 0.03% decline).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Botswana gained 380,386 people (a 17% growth), while Germany's population increased by 226,873 people (a 0.28% growth).
Botswana was ranked 145th most populous country in 2006 and is 142nd in 2026. Germany was ranked 14th in 2006 and ranked 19th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Botswana's population will grow by 32% to 3,451,521 people with a rank change from 142nd to 137th. The population of Germany will decrease by 6.36% to 77,325,459 people and rank change from 19th to 25th.
Botswana is projected to reach its peak in 2088 at 3.92M people, while Germany's population already peaked in 2024 at 83.5M people and is projected to decrease to 69.9M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 2100 | -0.13% | -0.04% |
| 2099 | -0.16% | -0.02% |
| 2098 | -0.14% | -0.06% |
| 2097 | -0.13% | -0.04% |
| 2096 | -0.11% | -0.03% |
| 2095 | -0.11% | -0.03% |
| 2094 | -0.1% | -0.03% |
| 2093 | -0.1% | -0.04% |
| 2092 | -0.11% | -0.07% |
| 2091 | -0.07% | -0.09% |
| 2090 | -0.02% | -0.08% |
| 2089 | -0.004% | -0.08% |
| 2088 | 0.02% | -0.12% |
| 2087 | 0.01% | -0.14% |
| 2086 | 0.01% | -0.14% |
| 2085 | 0.04% | -0.13% |
| 2084 | 0.04% | -0.15% |
| 2083 | 0.05% | -0.15% |
| 2082 | 0.03% | -0.16% |
| 2081 | 0.04% | -0.18% |
| 2080 | 0.07% | -0.19% |
| 2079 | 0.12% | -0.2% |
| 2078 | 0.12% | -0.22% |
| 2077 | 0.14% | -0.22% |
| 2076 | 0.15% | -0.19% |
| 2075 | 0.15% | -0.22% |
| 2074 | 0.15% | -0.22% |
| 2073 | 0.2% | -0.21% |
| 2072 | 0.18% | -0.22% |
| 2071 | 0.19% | -0.2% |
| 2070 | 0.26% | -0.23% |
| 2069 | 0.27% | -0.23% |
| 2068 | 0.33% | -0.25% |
| 2067 | 0.33% | -0.26% |
| 2066 | 0.38% | -0.26% |
| 2065 | 0.4% | -0.27% |
| 2064 | 0.42% | -0.28% |
| 2063 | 0.47% | -0.31% |
| 2062 | 0.52% | -0.31% |
| 2061 | 0.54% | -0.34% |
| 2060 | 0.55% | -0.34% |
| 2059 | 0.64% | -0.36% |
| 2058 | 0.66% | -0.37% |
| 2057 | 0.66% | -0.36% |
| 2056 | 0.69% | -0.38% |
| 2055 | 0.7% | -0.37% |
| 2054 | 0.75% | -0.35% |
| 2053 | 0.79% | -0.32% |
| 2052 | 0.8% | -0.32% |
| 2051 | 0.82% | -0.31% |
| 2050 | 0.86% | -0.31% |
| 2049 | 0.9% | -0.32% |
| 2048 | 0.93% | -0.3% |
| 2047 | 0.97% | -0.29% |
| 2046 | 0.96% | -0.29% |
| 2045 | 0.96% | -0.29% |
| 2044 | 0.99% | -0.27% |
| 2043 | 0.99% | -0.24% |
| 2042 | 1.03% | -0.24% |
| 2041 | 1.05% | -0.27% |
| 2040 | 1.1% | -0.27% |
| 2039 | 1.11% | -0.28% |
| 2038 | 1.16% | -0.27% |
| 2037 | 1.19% | -0.29% |
| 2036 | 1.23% | -0.27% |
| 2035 | 1.27% | -0.25% |
| 2034 | 1.3% | -0.28% |
| 2033 | 1.36% | -0.27% |
| 2032 | 1.37% | -0.29% |
| 2031 | 1.46% | -0.27% |
| 2030 | 1.47% | -0.28% |
| 2029 | 1.54% | -0.26% |
| 2028 | 1.55% | -0.25% |
| 2027 | 1.62% | -0.23% |
| 2026 | 1.6% | -0.79% |
| 2025 | 1.65% | -0.34% |
| 2024 | 1.65% | 0.28% |
| 2023 | 1.65% | 0.13% |
| 2022 | 1.6% | -0.02% |
| 2021 | 1.5% | 0.04% |
| 2020 | 1.45% | 0.08% |
| 2019 | 1.43% | 0.23% |
| 2018 | 1.43% | 0.3% |
| 2017 | 1.43% | 0.37% |
| 2016 | 1.43% | 0.81% |
| 2015 | 1.44% | 0.87% |
| 2014 | 1.47% | 0.42% |
| 2013 | 1.52% | 0.27% |
| 2012 | 1.69% | 0.19% |
| 2011 | 1.99% | -1.84% |
| 2010 | 2.13% | -0.15% |
| 2009 | 2.09% | -0.25% |
| 2008 | 2.03% | -0.19% |
| 2007 | 1.96% | -0.13% |
| 2006 | 1.88% | -0.11% |
| 2005 | 1.81% | -0.06% |
| 2004 | 1.77% | -0.02% |
| 2003 | 1.78% | 0.06% |
| 2002 | 1.9% | 0.17% |
| 2001 | 2.08% | 0.17% |
| 2000 | 2.15% | 0.14% |
| 1999 | 2.18% | 0.06% |
| 1998 | 2.24% | 0.02% |
| 1997 | 2.33% | 0.15% |
| 1996 | 2.47% | 0.29% |
| 1995 | 2.66% | 0.29% |
| 1994 | 2.81% | 0.35% |
| 1993 | 2.9% | 0.66% |
| 1992 | 2.85% | 0.76% |
| 1991 | 2.76% | 0.73% |
| 1990 | 2.79% | 0.87% |
| 1989 | 2.82% | 0.78% |
| 1988 | 3.03% | 0.39% |
| 1987 | 3.32% | 0.15% |
| 1986 | 3.45% | 0.05% |
| 1985 | 3.53% | -0.22% |
| 1984 | 3.59% | -0.35% |
| 1983 | 3.65% | -0.26% |
| 1982 | 4.05% | -0.1% |
| 1981 | 3.47% | 0.15% |
| 1980 | 3.96% | 0.21% |
| 1979 | 6.18% | 0.04% |
| 1978 | 6.21% | -0.09% |
| 1977 | 5.41% | -0.23% |
| 1976 | 5.29% | -0.43% |
| 1975 | 5.1% | -0.37% |
| 1974 | 5.06% | 0.04% |
| 1973 | 4.82% | 0.32% |
| 1972 | 3.65% | 0.48% |
| 1971 | 1.72% | 0.18% |
| 1970 | 0.56% | 0.33% |
| 1969 | 0.53% | 0.8% |
| 1968 | 0.52% | 0.45% |
| 1967 | 0.53% | 0.46% |
| 1966 | 0.56% | 0.84% |
| 1965 | 1.48% | 0.86% |
| 1964 | 2.41% | 0.81% |
| 1963 | 2.37% | 0.93% |
| 1962 | 2.32% | 0.88% |
| 1961 | 2.28% | 0.77% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/botswana/germany | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Botswana grew by 1.65%, while Germany's population grew by 0.28%.
Live population counters
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
2615162
|
82575542
|
| Population rank | 142/197 | 19/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.03% | 1% |
| One net population change |
12.9 minutes
|
2.29 minutes
|
| One birth every |
8.58 minutes
|
45.6 seconds
|
| One death every |
37 minutes
|
30.8 seconds
|
| Daily growth/decline | +112 | +628 |
| Annual growth/decline | +40,895 | +229,320 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +1.65% | +0.28% |
| Population growth rate rank | 66/197 | 151/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.55 hours
|
1.58 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -5,665 | -334,072 |
| Net migration rank | 120/196 | 192/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 116,402 | 16,750,084 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 126/195 | 2/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 4.6% | 19.8% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 96/195 | 31/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -5,665 | - | -334,072 |
| 2024 | - | -5,778 | - | 36,954 |
| 2023 | 47,098 | -6,487 | -333,149 | 609,553 |
| 2022 | 47,400 | -7,306 | -324,394 | 981,552 |
| 2021 | 40,894 | -4,083 | -224,629 | 310,264 |
| 2020 | 45,610 | -11,330 | -216,218 | 203,468 |
| 2019 | 45,110 | -11,770 | -157,877 | 319,082 |
| 2018 | 44,171 | -11,623 | -165,812 | 403,908 |
| 2017 | 43,154 | -10,916 | -148,783 | 452,988 |
| 2016 | 41,993 | -10,286 | -123,523 | 517,480 |
| 2015 | 40,897 | -9,599 | -187,879 | 1,175,283 |
| 2014 | 40,046 | -8,893 | -153,866 | 592,338 |
| 2013 | 39,404 | -7,836 | -209,679 | 462,384 |
| 2012 | 39,202 | -6,636 | -193,022 | 199,143 |
| 2011 | 38,613 | -1,019 | -184,632 | 295,282 |
| 2010 | 38,101 | 5,151 | -179,909 | 130,116 |
| 2009 | 36,671 | 4,960 | -188,375 | 46,533 |
| 2008 | 35,433 | 4,343 | -164,220 | -23,341 |
| 2007 | 33,832 | 3,926 | -148,080 | -24,772 |
| 2006 | 31,340 | 4,270 | -148,278 | -489,056 |
| 2005 | 29,385 | 4,283 | -148,445 | 81,351 |
| 2004 | 27,481 | 4,314 | -107,271 | 81,735 |
| 2003 | 26,545 | 4,488 | -140,309 | 142,009 |
| 2002 | 26,163 | 4,747 | -123,733 | 218,795 |
| 2001 | 26,112 | 7,991 | -98,820 | 272,875 |
| 2000 | 25,850 | 9,798 | -73,990 | 174,594 |
| 1999 | 25,358 | 9,762 | -73,890 | 219,280 |
| 1998 | 25,397 | 9,685 | -65,637 | -754,469 |
| 1997 | 25,738 | 9,597 | -49,221 | 93,281 |
| 1996 | 26,847 | 9,368 | -90,107 | 281,280 |
| 1995 | 28,478 | 9,464 | -114,349 | 398,077 |
| 1994 | 30,664 | 9,023 | -114,013 | 315,585 |
| 1993 | 31,691 | 8,441 | -105,503 | 462,096 |
| 1992 | 31,995 | 8,026 | -80,625 | 811,606 |
| 1991 | 32,219 | 4,311 | -80,014 | 602,638 |
| 1990 | 33,015 | 2,580 | -15,887 | 679,702 |
| 1989 | 33,756 | 1,495 | -23,625 | 761,002 |
| 1988 | 34,564 | -215 | -7,815 | 515,962 |
| 1987 | 35,647 | 2,624 | -31,136 | 174,272 |
| 1986 | 36,203 | 2,558 | -77,721 | 212,822 |
| 1985 | 35,966 | 2,683 | -116,527 | 103,556 |
| 1984 | 35,530 | 2,393 | -109,002 | -150,771 |
| 1983 | 35,142 | 1,980 | -109,380 | -81,349 |
| 1982 | 34,859 | 1,751 | -78,333 | -58,121 |
| 1981 | 34,327 | 7,610 | -94,090 | 130,713 |
| 1980 | 33,934 | -10,849 | -86,117 | 324,203 |
| 1979 | 32,486 | 15,918 | -125,002 | 237,705 |
| 1978 | 30,596 | 26,015 | -140,566 | 117,167 |
| 1977 | 29,009 | 13,708 | -125,055 | 33,881 |
| 1976 | 27,497 | 11,914 | -164,508 | -79,761 |
| 1975 | 25,762 | 11,086 | -212,418 | -207,740 |
| 1974 | 24,160 | 8,854 | -150,038 | -15,126 |
| 1973 | 22,449 | 10,615 | -149,980 | 386,881 |
| 1972 | 21,004 | 5,937 | -62,950 | 336,015 |
| 1971 | 19,926 | -3,016 | 46,988 | 450,328 |
| 1970 | 19,438 | -16,054 | 70,352 | -273,498 |
| 1969 | 19,024 | -15,870 | 155,820 | 584,017 |
| 1968 | 18,725 | -15,681 | 239,612 | 293,307 |
| 1967 | 18,463 | -15,438 | 353,977 | -174,155 |
| 1966 | 18,250 | -15,140 | 405,982 | 134,107 |
| 1965 | 18,045 | -14,753 | 410,204 | 338,258 |
| 1964 | 17,634 | -4,126 | 482,038 | 69,825 |
| 1963 | 17,084 | -4,000 | 455,757 | 205,976 |
| 1962 | 16,507 | -4,028 | 436,752 | 276,505 |
| 1961 | 16,185 | -4,168 | 462,279 | 27,534 |
| 1960 | 15,861 | -4,331 | 385,919 | 212,666 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/botswana/germany | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 82.5% of the population change in Botswana is from natural causes (a gain of 436,373 people) and 17.5% is from migration (a loss of 92,293 people). In Germany 26.8% is from natural causes (a loss of 2,036,130 people) and 73.2% is from migration (a gain of 5,565,916 people).
As of 2024, 116,402 residents or 4.6% of the population were not native-born in Botswana, compared to 16,750,084 people or 19.8% in Germany.
Biggest cities by population
|
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Gaborone | 236K |
| Francistown | 103K |
| Molepolole | 67.6K |
| Kanye | 48K |
| Serowe | 47.4K |
| Mahalapye | 41.3K |
| Palapye | 36.2K |
| Lobatse | 26.9K |
|
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Berlin | 3.78M |
| Hamburg | 1.91M |
| Munich | 1.51M |
| Cologne | 1.09M |
| Frankfurt | 776K |
| Stuttgart | 633K |
| Dusseldorf | 631K |
| Leipzig | 620K |
| Dortmund | 595K |
| Essen | 587K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Botswana and Germany
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 69.6 years | 81.9 years |
| Average age | 26.7 years | 45 years |
| Median age | 24.2 years | 46.3 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.8:50.2 | 49.4:50.6 |
| Fertility rate | 2.73 births per woman | 1.39 births per woman |
| Population density | 11.9 ppl/mi² | 612 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/botswana/germany | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.