The latest officially reported population of Eswatini was 1,256,174 in 2025 vs 10,804,871 people in Portugal in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Eswatini's population is 1,276,995 people compared to 10,788,071 in Portugal.
Population statistics:
- Portugal's population is 8.45 times bigger than Eswatini's.
- Eswatini is ranked the 156th most populous country in the world, while Portugal is the 91st.
- The countries together account for 0.15% of the world: 0.02% for Eswatini vs 0.13% for Portugal.
- For the last 10 years, Eswatini has had an average growth rate of +0.92% per year vs +0.35% in Portugal.
- Since 2006, the population of Eswatini has increased from 1.08M people to 1.28M (17.8% growth), while Portugal has grown from 10.5M to 10.8M (2.53% growth).
Eswatini vs Portugal: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Eswatini
|
Portugal
|
|
| 2100 | 1,352,676 | 9,079,610 |
| 2099 | 1,361,771 | 9,084,930 |
| 2098 | 1,370,136 | 9,089,064 |
| 2097 | 1,378,294 | 9,094,546 |
| 2096 | 1,386,470 | 9,100,755 |
| 2095 | 1,394,685 | 9,108,548 |
| 2094 | 1,402,820 | 9,113,366 |
| 2093 | 1,410,707 | 9,118,286 |
| 2092 | 1,418,422 | 9,123,579 |
| 2091 | 1,426,384 | 9,127,714 |
| 2090 | 1,433,911 | 9,132,140 |
| 2089 | 1,441,481 | 9,136,870 |
| 2088 | 1,448,623 | 9,141,647 |
| 2087 | 1,455,625 | 9,147,996 |
| 2086 | 1,462,692 | 9,152,804 |
| 2085 | 1,469,955 | 9,158,263 |
| 2084 | 1,477,042 | 9,165,158 |
| 2083 | 1,483,569 | 9,171,574 |
| 2082 | 1,489,850 | 9,179,958 |
| 2081 | 1,495,270 | 9,190,466 |
| 2080 | 1,500,616 | 9,201,621 |
| 2079 | 1,505,611 | 9,214,398 |
| 2078 | 1,510,082 | 9,228,555 |
| 2077 | 1,514,879 | 9,243,708 |
| 2076 | 1,519,757 | 9,262,542 |
| 2075 | 1,524,151 | 9,282,392 |
| 2074 | 1,528,574 | 9,305,608 |
| 2073 | 1,532,275 | 9,330,117 |
| 2072 | 1,535,515 | 9,353,771 |
| 2071 | 1,538,642 | 9,380,991 |
| 2070 | 1,541,025 | 9,409,668 |
| 2069 | 1,543,544 | 9,440,299 |
| 2068 | 1,545,599 | 9,473,457 |
| 2067 | 1,547,340 | 9,506,001 |
| 2066 | 1,548,173 | 9,539,597 |
| 2065 | 1,548,989 | 9,574,237 |
| 2064 | 1,549,433 | 9,611,738 |
| 2063 | 1,549,585 | 9,649,045 |
| 2062 | 1,549,184 | 9,686,737 |
| 2061 | 1,548,383 | 9,723,601 |
| 2060 | 1,547,596 | 9,762,379 |
| 2059 | 1,545,737 | 9,801,072 |
| 2058 | 1,543,109 | 9,841,936 |
| 2057 | 1,540,394 | 9,880,092 |
| 2056 | 1,537,579 | 9,918,643 |
| 2055 | 1,534,469 | 9,958,971 |
| 2054 | 1,530,939 | 9,997,570 |
| 2053 | 1,526,664 | 10,037,385 |
| 2052 | 1,521,811 | 10,076,095 |
| 2051 | 1,516,286 | 10,112,788 |
| 2050 | 1,510,851 | 10,149,626 |
| 2049 | 1,504,429 | 10,187,172 |
| 2048 | 1,497,956 | 10,221,034 |
| 2047 | 1,491,300 | 10,255,340 |
| 2046 | 1,484,115 | 10,289,266 |
| 2045 | 1,476,270 | 10,321,807 |
| 2044 | 1,468,495 | 10,353,338 |
| 2043 | 1,460,344 | 10,384,554 |
| 2042 | 1,451,725 | 10,412,950 |
| 2041 | 1,442,112 | 10,440,054 |
| 2040 | 1,433,098 | 10,469,380 |
| 2039 | 1,423,349 | 10,497,556 |
| 2038 | 1,413,090 | 10,523,869 |
| 2037 | 1,403,127 | 10,548,445 |
| 2036 | 1,392,397 | 10,573,361 |
| 2035 | 1,381,536 | 10,597,352 |
| 2034 | 1,370,158 | 10,621,955 |
| 2033 | 1,358,179 | 10,645,024 |
| 2032 | 1,346,333 | 10,668,384 |
| 2031 | 1,334,598 | 10,689,372 |
| 2030 | 1,321,695 | 10,708,819 |
| 2029 | 1,309,323 | 10,729,893 |
| 2028 | 1,296,796 | 10,752,023 |
| 2027 | 1,283,692 | 10,770,712 |
| 2026 | 1,269,922 | 10,788,071 |
| 2025 | 1,256,174 | 10,804,871 |
| 2024 | 1,242,822 | 10,694,681 |
| 2023 | 1,230,506 | 10,578,174 |
| 2022 | 1,218,917 | 10,434,332 |
| 2021 | 1,206,593 | 10,361,831 |
| 2020 | 1,192,729 | 10,297,081 |
| 2019 | 1,179,874 | 10,286,263 |
| 2018 | 1,168,929 | 10,283,822 |
| 2017 | 1,158,195 | 10,300,300 |
| 2016 | 1,149,507 | 10,325,452 |
| 2015 | 1,142,813 | 10,358,076 |
| 2014 | 1,136,299 | 10,401,062 |
| 2013 | 1,129,990 | 10,457,295 |
| 2012 | 1,123,863 | 10,514,844 |
| 2011 | 1,117,833 | 10,557,560 |
| 2010 | 1,111,650 | 10,573,100 |
| 2009 | 1,105,153 | 10,568,247 |
| 2008 | 1,098,091 | 10,558,177 |
| 2007 | 1,090,705 | 10,542,964 |
| 2006 | 1,084,436 | 10,522,288 |
| 2005 | 1,079,022 | 10,503,330 |
| 2004 | 1,073,159 | 10,483,861 |
| 2003 | 1,066,700 | 10,458,821 |
| 2002 | 1,059,441 | 10,419,631 |
| 2001 | 1,051,064 | 10,362,722 |
| 2000 | 1,041,414 | 10,289,898 |
| 1999 | 1,030,782 | 10,217,828 |
| 1998 | 1,019,653 | 10,160,196 |
| 1997 | 1,006,635 | 10,108,977 |
| 1996 | 989,841 | 10,063,945 |
| 1995 | 970,433 | 10,026,176 |
| 1994 | 971,212 | 9,991,525 |
| 1993 | 971,318 | 9,964,675 |
| 1992 | 943,416 | 9,952,494 |
| 1991 | 908,189 | 9,960,235 |
| 1990 | 872,428 | 9,983,218 |
| 1989 | 837,800 | 10,005,000 |
| 1988 | 799,798 | 10,019,610 |
| 1987 | 763,811 | 10,030,031 |
| 1986 | 734,732 | 10,032,734 |
| 1985 | 706,196 | 10,023,613 |
| 1984 | 680,783 | 9,996,232 |
| 1983 | 658,957 | 9,957,865 |
| 1982 | 637,652 | 9,911,771 |
| 1981 | 616,808 | 9,851,362 |
| 1980 | 596,644 | 9,766,312 |
| 1979 | 577,199 | 9,661,265 |
| 1978 | 558,446 | 9,558,250 |
| 1977 | 540,348 | 9,455,675 |
| 1976 | 523,330 | 9,355,810 |
| 1975 | 507,673 | 9,093,470 |
| 1974 | 492,988 | 8,754,365 |
| 1973 | 479,038 | 8,633,100 |
| 1972 | 465,788 | 8,630,430 |
| 1971 | 453,183 | 8,643,756 |
| 1970 | 441,216 | 8,680,431 |
| 1969 | 429,875 | 8,757,705 |
| 1968 | 419,147 | 8,836,650 |
| 1967 | 409,031 | 8,874,520 |
| 1966 | 398,766 | 8,930,990 |
| 1965 | 388,336 | 8,998,595 |
| 1964 | 378,656 | 9,035,365 |
| 1963 | 369,759 | 9,030,355 |
| 1962 | 361,365 | 8,993,985 |
| 1961 | 353,264 | 8,929,316 |
| 1960 | 345,337 | 8,857,716 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/eswatini/portugal | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Eswatini increased by 65,071 people (a 6% growth), while Portugal lost 196,836 people (a 1.87% decline).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Eswatini gained 127,488 people (a 11.1% growth), while Portugal's population increased by 462,619 people (a 4.48% growth).
Eswatini was ranked 152nd most populous country in 2006 and is 156th in 2026. Portugal was ranked 78th in 2006 and ranked 91st now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Eswatini's population will grow by 18.3% to 1,510,851 people with a rank change from 156th to 154th. The population of Portugal will decrease by 5.92% to 10,149,626 people and rank change from 91st to 97th.
Eswatini is projected to reach its peak in 2063 at 1.55M people, while Portugal's population already peaked in 2025 at 10.8M people and is projected to decrease to 9.08M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Eswatini
|
Portugal
|
|
| 2100 | -0.67% | -0.06% |
| 2099 | -0.61% | -0.05% |
| 2098 | -0.59% | -0.06% |
| 2097 | -0.59% | -0.07% |
| 2096 | -0.59% | -0.09% |
| 2095 | -0.58% | -0.05% |
| 2094 | -0.56% | -0.05% |
| 2093 | -0.54% | -0.06% |
| 2092 | -0.56% | -0.05% |
| 2091 | -0.52% | -0.05% |
| 2090 | -0.53% | -0.05% |
| 2089 | -0.49% | -0.05% |
| 2088 | -0.48% | -0.07% |
| 2087 | -0.48% | -0.05% |
| 2086 | -0.49% | -0.06% |
| 2085 | -0.48% | -0.08% |
| 2084 | -0.44% | -0.07% |
| 2083 | -0.42% | -0.09% |
| 2082 | -0.36% | -0.11% |
| 2081 | -0.36% | -0.12% |
| 2080 | -0.33% | -0.14% |
| 2079 | -0.3% | -0.15% |
| 2078 | -0.32% | -0.16% |
| 2077 | -0.32% | -0.2% |
| 2076 | -0.29% | -0.21% |
| 2075 | -0.29% | -0.25% |
| 2074 | -0.24% | -0.26% |
| 2073 | -0.21% | -0.25% |
| 2072 | -0.2% | -0.29% |
| 2071 | -0.15% | -0.3% |
| 2070 | -0.16% | -0.32% |
| 2069 | -0.13% | -0.35% |
| 2068 | -0.11% | -0.34% |
| 2067 | -0.05% | -0.35% |
| 2066 | -0.05% | -0.36% |
| 2065 | -0.03% | -0.39% |
| 2064 | -0.01% | -0.39% |
| 2063 | 0.03% | -0.39% |
| 2062 | 0.05% | -0.38% |
| 2061 | 0.05% | -0.4% |
| 2060 | 0.12% | -0.39% |
| 2059 | 0.17% | -0.42% |
| 2058 | 0.18% | -0.39% |
| 2057 | 0.18% | -0.39% |
| 2056 | 0.2% | -0.4% |
| 2055 | 0.23% | -0.39% |
| 2054 | 0.28% | -0.4% |
| 2053 | 0.32% | -0.38% |
| 2052 | 0.36% | -0.36% |
| 2051 | 0.36% | -0.36% |
| 2050 | 0.43% | -0.37% |
| 2049 | 0.43% | -0.33% |
| 2048 | 0.45% | -0.33% |
| 2047 | 0.48% | -0.33% |
| 2046 | 0.53% | -0.32% |
| 2045 | 0.53% | -0.3% |
| 2044 | 0.56% | -0.3% |
| 2043 | 0.59% | -0.27% |
| 2042 | 0.67% | -0.26% |
| 2041 | 0.63% | -0.28% |
| 2040 | 0.68% | -0.27% |
| 2039 | 0.73% | -0.25% |
| 2038 | 0.71% | -0.23% |
| 2037 | 0.77% | -0.24% |
| 2036 | 0.79% | -0.23% |
| 2035 | 0.83% | -0.23% |
| 2034 | 0.88% | -0.22% |
| 2033 | 0.88% | -0.22% |
| 2032 | 0.88% | -0.2% |
| 2031 | 0.98% | -0.18% |
| 2030 | 0.94% | -0.2% |
| 2029 | 0.97% | -0.21% |
| 2028 | 1.02% | -0.17% |
| 2027 | 1.08% | -0.16% |
| 2026 | 1.09% | -0.16% |
| 2025 | 1.07% | 1.03% |
| 2024 | 1% | 1.1% |
| 2023 | 0.95% | 1.38% |
| 2022 | 1.02% | 0.7% |
| 2021 | 1.16% | 0.63% |
| 2020 | 1.09% | 0.11% |
| 2019 | 0.94% | 0.02% |
| 2018 | 0.93% | -0.16% |
| 2017 | 0.76% | -0.24% |
| 2016 | 0.59% | -0.31% |
| 2015 | 0.57% | -0.41% |
| 2014 | 0.56% | -0.54% |
| 2013 | 0.55% | -0.55% |
| 2012 | 0.54% | -0.4% |
| 2011 | 0.56% | -0.15% |
| 2010 | 0.59% | 0.05% |
| 2009 | 0.64% | 0.1% |
| 2008 | 0.68% | 0.14% |
| 2007 | 0.58% | 0.2% |
| 2006 | 0.5% | 0.18% |
| 2005 | 0.55% | 0.19% |
| 2004 | 0.61% | 0.24% |
| 2003 | 0.69% | 0.38% |
| 2002 | 0.8% | 0.55% |
| 2001 | 0.93% | 0.71% |
| 2000 | 1.03% | 0.71% |
| 1999 | 1.09% | 0.57% |
| 1998 | 1.29% | 0.51% |
| 1997 | 1.7% | 0.45% |
| 1996 | 2% | 0.38% |
| 1995 | -0.08% | 0.35% |
| 1994 | -0.01% | 0.27% |
| 1993 | 2.96% | 0.12% |
| 1992 | 3.88% | -0.08% |
| 1991 | 4.1% | -0.23% |
| 1990 | 4.13% | -0.22% |
| 1989 | 4.75% | -0.15% |
| 1988 | 4.71% | -0.1% |
| 1987 | 3.96% | -0.03% |
| 1986 | 4.04% | 0.09% |
| 1985 | 3.73% | 0.27% |
| 1984 | 3.31% | 0.39% |
| 1983 | 3.34% | 0.47% |
| 1982 | 3.38% | 0.61% |
| 1981 | 3.38% | 0.87% |
| 1980 | 3.37% | 1.09% |
| 1979 | 3.36% | 1.08% |
| 1978 | 3.35% | 1.08% |
| 1977 | 3.25% | 1.07% |
| 1976 | 3.08% | 2.88% |
| 1975 | 2.98% | 3.87% |
| 1974 | 2.91% | 1.4% |
| 1973 | 2.84% | 0.03% |
| 1972 | 2.78% | -0.15% |
| 1971 | 2.71% | -0.42% |
| 1970 | 2.64% | -0.88% |
| 1969 | 2.56% | -0.89% |
| 1968 | 2.47% | -0.43% |
| 1967 | 2.57% | -0.63% |
| 1966 | 2.69% | -0.75% |
| 1965 | 2.56% | -0.41% |
| 1964 | 2.41% | 0.06% |
| 1963 | 2.32% | 0.4% |
| 1962 | 2.29% | 0.72% |
| 1961 | 2.3% | 0.81% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/eswatini/portugal | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Eswatini grew by 1.07%, while Portugal's population grew by 1.03%.
Live population counters
|
Eswatini
|
Portugal
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
1276995
|
10788071
|
| Population rank | 156/197 | 91/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.02% | 0.13% |
| One net population change |
39.5 minutes
|
4.78 minutes
|
| One birth every |
17.9 minutes
|
6.22 minutes
|
| One death every |
54.7 minutes
|
4.43 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +37 | +302 |
| Annual growth/decline | +13,352 | +110,190 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +1.07% | +1.03% |
| Population growth rate rank | 95/197 | 99/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.52 hours
|
32 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -5,775 | +16,472 |
| Net migration rank | 121/196 | 38/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 33,268 | 1,127,184 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 161/195 | 56/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 2.7% | 10.8% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 121/195 | 61/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Eswatini
|
Portugal
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -5,775 | - | 16,472 |
| 2024 | 19,782 | -6,754 | -34,223 | 20,648 |
| 2023 | 20,147 | -8,549 | -32,792 | 29,102 |
| 2022 | 20,125 | -8,549 | -40,694 | 68,696 |
| 2021 | 17,314 | -4,242 | -45,592 | 69,606 |
| 2020 | 18,899 | -4,242 | -39,129 | 54,076 |
| 2019 | 19,488 | -8,439 | -24,687 | 63,031 |
| 2018 | 19,392 | -8,546 | -25,709 | 22,495 |
| 2017 | 19,278 | -8,658 | -23,691 | 13,979 |
| 2016 | 19,233 | -12,481 | -23,749 | -775 |
| 2015 | 19,223 | -12,582 | -23,823 | -3,209 |
| 2014 | 19,107 | -12,724 | -22,882 | -26,447 |
| 2013 | 18,903 | -12,664 | -24,052 | -36,342 |
| 2012 | 18,308 | -12,294 | -17,875 | -37,083 |
| 2011 | 17,645 | -11,596 | -5,279 | -31,513 |
| 2010 | 17,652 | -11,334 | -4,230 | -5,627 |
| 2009 | 17,656 | -10,989 | -5,284 | 14,532 |
| 2008 | 17,275 | -9,822 | 0 | 9,478 |
| 2007 | 16,595 | -9,271 | -1,055 | 21,064 |
| 2006 | 16,133 | -10,923 | 3,156 | 16,754 |
| 2005 | 15,945 | -10,330 | 2,101 | 15,537 |
| 2004 | 15,979 | -9,863 | 7,339 | 13,928 |
| 2003 | 16,396 | -9,595 | 4,184 | 24,740 |
| 2002 | 16,924 | -9,209 | 8,335 | 42,169 |
| 2001 | 17,824 | -8,788 | 8,290 | 55,565 |
| 2000 | 18,830 | -8,563 | 15,435 | 60,586 |
| 1999 | 19,420 | -8,421 | 8,175 | 49,572 |
| 1998 | 19,762 | -8,505 | 7,112 | 40,931 |
| 1997 | 20,686 | -5,911 | 8,087 | 36,922 |
| 1996 | 21,858 | -3,049 | 4,026 | 32,640 |
| 1995 | 23,029 | -3,023 | 4,011 | 26,971 |
| 1994 | 26,703 | -48,259 | 9,991 | 20,761 |
| 1993 | 28,046 | -6,692 | 7,972 | 8,561 |
| 1992 | 28,446 | 6,011 | 13,933 | -11,847 |
| 1991 | 28,497 | 7,496 | 12,948 | -37,914 |
| 1990 | 28,349 | 7,169 | 13,976 | -34,855 |
| 1989 | 28,257 | 5,477 | 22,011 | -30,615 |
| 1988 | 27,396 | 14,879 | 24,047 | -26,595 |
| 1987 | 27,285 | 2,417 | 28,084 | -23,142 |
| 1986 | 27,096 | 1,353 | 31,102 | -20,000 |
| 1985 | 26,835 | 1,792 | 33,077 | -19,183 |
| 1984 | 26,149 | -3,949 | 45,983 | -16,658 |
| 1983 | 24,883 | -3,429 | 47,798 | -16,568 |
| 1982 | 24,742 | -3,574 | 58,479 | -15,006 |
| 1981 | 23,973 | -3,464 | 56,152 | -7,938 |
| 1980 | 23,153 | -3,350 | 63,481 | 29,881 |
| 1979 | 22,299 | -3,210 | 67,628 | 32,434 |
| 1978 | 21,466 | -3,040 | 70,731 | 34,345 |
| 1977 | 20,609 | -2,838 | 84,156 | 37,779 |
| 1976 | 19,734 | -3,469 | 85,138 | 40,490 |
| 1975 | 18,849 | -3,794 | 81,841 | 42,262 |
| 1974 | 17,971 | -3,665 | 74,412 | 41,254 |
| 1973 | 17,145 | -3,555 | 76,835 | 39,748 |
| 1972 | 16,353 | -3,435 | 83,715 | 39,058 |
| 1971 | 15,615 | -3,325 | 82,980 | 48,944 |
| 1970 | 14,873 | -3,230 | 87,672 | -191,862 |
| 1969 | 14,164 | -3,127 | 89,329 | -161,114 |
| 1968 | 13,449 | -3,029 | 100,737 | -145,200 |
| 1967 | 12,773 | -2,964 | 106,495 | -136,232 |
| 1966 | 12,282 | -1,557 | 107,171 | -129,233 |
| 1965 | 11,719 | -1,578 | 115,182 | -123,855 |
| 1964 | 11,266 | -2,049 | 120,170 | -118,763 |
| 1963 | 10,929 | -2,358 | 113,783 | -116,874 |
| 1962 | 10,601 | -2,390 | 123,217 | -113,947 |
| 1961 | 10,262 | -2,270 | 117,867 | -112,768 |
| 1960 | 9,947 | -2,082 | 118,693 | -95,886 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/eswatini/portugal | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 69.9% of the population change in Eswatini is from natural causes (a gain of 192,881 people) and 30.1% is from migration (a loss of 83,042 people). In Portugal 48.2% is from natural causes (a loss of 314,089 people) and 51.8% is from migration (a gain of 337,649 people).
As of 2024, 33,268 residents or 2.7% of the population were not native-born in Eswatini, compared to 1,127,184 people or 10.8% in Portugal.
Biggest cities by population
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Eswatini and Portugal
|
Eswatini
|
Portugal
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 64.5 years | 82.9 years |
| Average age | 26.7 years | 45.9 years |
| Median age | 23.5 years | 47.8 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.1:50.9 | 47.6:52.4 |
| Fertility rate | 2.72 births per woman | 1.41 births per woman |
| Population density | 191.2 ppl/mi² | 305 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/eswatini/portugal | CC BY
Help us show the world through your eyes
Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.
Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.