Skip to content

Economy of Latvia vs Russia compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Latvia has a GDP of $43.5B compared to $2.17T for Russia, ranking 100/197 and 11/197 by economy size, respectively.

Latvia has $20.6B in government debt (48.3% of GDP), compared to $441B (21.4% of GDP) in Russia.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Latvia
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Russia
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Latvia Russia
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1988 - - $554,828,660,436 -
1989 - - $506,631,299,735 $1,197,410,924,008
1990 - $20,300,396,491 $517,014,446,228 $1,161,488,648,466
1991 - $17,743,516,528 $517,962,962,963 $1,102,869,019,643
1992 - $12,044,552,669 $460,290,556,901 $942,610,308,780
1993 - $11,444,375,037 $435,083,713,851 $860,899,753,889
1994 - $11,694,996,755 $395,077,301,248 $752,686,755,591
1995 $5,608,208,785 $11,584,507,030 $395,537,185,735 $721,498,966,071
1996 $5,799,465,288 $11,850,946,178 $391,724,890,744 $694,406,178,898
1997 $6,349,481,007 $12,937,852,903 $404,928,954,192 $704,127,280,749
1998 $6,974,112,951 $13,785,282,610 $270,955,486,862 $666,808,805,067
1999 $7,324,192,890 $14,173,807,644 $195,907,128,351 $709,483,999,746
2000 $7,761,252,607 $15,001,703,494 $259,710,142,197 $780,432,873,753
2001 $8,190,888,740 $15,970,900,289 $306,602,070,621 $820,235,350,097
2002 $9,249,030,241 $17,195,147,700 $345,470,494,418 $858,786,345,187
2003 $11,244,337,720 $18,644,549,496 $430,347,420,185 $921,477,339,134
2004 $13,827,070,379 $20,271,313,179 $591,016,690,732 $987,823,227,181
2005 $16,306,935,905 $22,625,890,638 $764,015,973,481 $1,051,043,572,408
2006 $20,434,922,247 $25,527,665,150 $989,932,071,353 $1,137,229,862,730
2007 $29,420,499,248 $28,186,253,354 $1,299,703,478,482 $1,233,894,148,247
2008 $34,135,200,994 $27,231,101,091 $1,660,848,058,303 $1,298,056,264,706
2009 $25,691,530,442 $22,863,227,157 $1,222,645,900,056 $1,196,807,955,076
2010 $23,468,324,572 $22,026,145,288 $1,524,916,715,224 $1,250,664,313,045
2011 $26,575,547,901 $22,694,935,011 $2,045,922,753,398 $1,304,443,243,520
2012 $27,116,149,949 $24,352,854,611 $2,208,293,553,878 $1,356,935,163,515
2013 $29,152,128,168 $24,863,312,430 $2,292,470,078,346 $1,380,755,103,919
2014 $30,277,203,767 $25,384,188,823 $2,059,241,589,895 $1,390,921,151,162
2015 $26,344,565,877 $26,344,565,877 $1,363,482,182,198 $1,363,482,182,198
2016 $27,117,105,060 $27,016,796,481 $1,276,786,350,881 $1,366,123,111,808
2017 $29,391,059,767 $27,935,083,541 $1,574,199,360,089 $1,391,065,651,846
2018 $33,247,935,477 $29,139,005,430 $1,657,328,773,461 $1,430,116,278,515
2019 $33,099,503,951 $29,335,802,339 $1,693,115,002,708 $1,461,551,317,106
2020 $33,379,927,435 $28,318,076,614 $1,493,075,894,362 $1,422,766,794,795
2021 $38,183,326,785 $30,284,070,900 $1,829,186,719,575 $1,506,233,291,760
2022 $38,014,713,596 $30,831,235,008 $2,291,612,121,335 $1,484,605,556,958
2023 $42,572,151,720 $31,711,225,667 $2,071,505,725,031 $1,545,214,947,189
2024 $43,520,773,851 $31,570,906,308 $2,173,835,806,672 $1,612,344,875,264

Economic indicators

Latvia Russia
Gross domestic product
$43.5B
2024
$2.17T
2024
GDP rank
100/197
2024
11/197
2024
GDP growth
2.23%
2023-2024
4.94%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$23,368
2024
$15,145
2024
GDP per capita rank
53/197
2024
69/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$43,867
2024
$47,405
2024
Government debt
$20.6B
2024
$441B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
48.3%
2025
21.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$11,068
2024
$3,075
2024
Government debt per person rank
52/185
2024
98/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$15,995
2025
$9,262
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$650B
2023
Number of millionaires n/a
381,726
2024
Number of billionaires n/a
140
2025
Income share by richest 10%
26.2%
2023
25.1%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.6%
2023
3.1%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.4%
2025
37.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
1.27%
2023-2024
9%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
17%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.88%
2024
2.43%
2024
Population
1844219
142718132

GDP per capita in Latvia vs Russia

Latvia's GDP per capita is $23,368, ranking 53/197, compared to $15,145 in Russia, ranking 69/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Latvia ranks 53rd at $43,867, while Russia ranks 49th at $47,405.

Latvia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Russia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Latvia Russia
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1988 - - $3,778 -
1989 - - $3,430 -
1990 - $7,448 $3,494 $8,028
1991 - $6,762 $3,490 $7,858
1992 - $4,760 $3,099 $6,862
1993 - $4,722 $2,931 $6,420
1994 - $5,012 $2,662 $5,734
1995 $2,257 $5,342 $2,666 $5,613
1996 $2,360 $5,636 $2,644 $5,518
1997 $2,610 $6,309 $2,738 $5,700
1998 $2,894 $6,879 $1,835 $5,465
1999 $3,064 $7,200 $1,331 $5,914
2000 $3,278 $7,841 $1,772 $6,825
2001 $3,505 $8,862 $2,100 $7,361
2002 $4,004 $9,756 $2,378 $8,037
2003 $4,915 $10,566 $2,975 $9,255
2004 $6,110 $11,761 $4,102 $10,227
2005 $7,284 $13,344 $5,323 $11,822
2006 $9,212 $15,025 $6,920 $14,912
2007 $13,371 $17,281 $9,101 $16,648
2008 $15,678 $18,635 $11,635 $20,164
2009 $11,996 $16,560 $8,563 $19,390
2010 $11,188 $17,343 $10,675 $20,490
2011 $12,903 $18,619 $14,305 $22,790
2012 $13,329 $20,494 $15,402 $24,274
2013 $14,484 $21,850 $15,941 $26,020
2014 $15,186 $22,974 $14,277 $25,688
2015 $13,322 $24,138 $9,427 $23,994
2016 $13,839 $25,802 $8,804 $24,012
2017 $15,132 $27,646 $10,835 $25,778
2018 $17,252 $29,818 $11,399 $28,629
2019 $17,295 $32,199 $11,640 $30,964
2020 $17,564 $32,741 $10,280 $31,491
2021 $20,262 $36,912 $12,637 $38,638
2022 $20,227 $39,961 $15,888 $40,939
2023 $22,676 $41,810 $14,403 $44,269
2024 $23,368 $43,867 $15,145 $47,405

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Latvia's government spending was $19.4B, accounting for 44.4% of its GDP, while Russia's spent $831B, or 37.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 48.3% in Latvia and 21.4% in Russia, ranking 114/185 and 173/185, respectively.

Latvia
Government spending

Government debt
Russia
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Latvia Russia
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1992 - - - 116%
1993 - - - 92.4%
1994 - - - 63.5%
1995 - - - 53.7%
1996 - - - 51.9%
1997 - - - 51.5%
1998 38.1% 9.81% 39.7% 135.2%
1999 40.4% 14.8% 34.3% 92.4%
2000 37% 15.1% 30.7% 55.9%
2001 35% 17.8% 31.5% 44.4%
2002 35.4% 15.4% 33.8% 37.6%
2003 34.4% 15.4% 32.6% 28.3%
2004 34.8% 15.3% 29.6% 20.8%
2005 35.8% 12.5% 29.5% 14.9%
2006 35.5% 10.7% 29% 9.8%
2007 34.8% 9% 31.9% 8.03%
2008 38.2% 19.3% 32% 7.45%
2009 43.6% 37.6% 38.6% 9.92%
2010 43.6% 48.2% 35.5% 10.1%
2011 41.2% 46.8% 33.3% 10.3%
2012 38.6% 44.4% 34% 11.2%
2013 38.7% 41.8% 34.7% 12.3%
2014 39.2% 43.1% 34.9% 15.1%
2015 38.7% 38.3% 35.3% 15.3%
2016 37.4% 41.7% 36.6% 14.8%
2017 37.8% 40.3% 34.8% 14.3%
2018 39.4% 38.3% 32.6% 13.6%
2019 39% 37.9% 33.8% 13.7%
2020 42.6% 44% 39.2% 19.2%
2021 44.6% 45.9% 34.9% 16.5%
2022 43.5% 44.4% 35.4% 18.5%
2023 43.1% 44.6% 36.1% 19.5%
2024 44.5% 47.4% 38.2% 20.3%
2025 44.4% 48.3% 37.6% 21.4%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Latvia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$794M, equivalent to -1.82% of GDP. This compares to Russia's deficit of -$48.9B, or -2.25% of GDP.

Over the past 27 years, Latvia recorded a fiscal deficit in 25 of those years, while Russia ran a deficit in 13 years. On average, Latvia posted an annual deficit equal to -2.23% of GDP, compared to surplus of +0.17% of GDP for Russia.

Deficit/surplus
Latvia

Russia
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Latvia Russia
1885 - -0.75%
1886 - -0.84%
1887 - 0.14%
1888 - 0.88%
1889 - 1.34%
1890 - 0.01%
1891 - -0.97%
1892 - -1.16%
1893 - 0.63%
1894 - 1.43%
1895 - 0.7%
1896 - 1.3%
1897 - 0.34%
1898 - 0.03%
1899 - 0.66%
1900 - -0.36%
1901 - 0.14%
1902 - -1.57%
1903 - 1.04%
1904 - -5.13%
1905 - -7.72%
1906 - -3.19%
1907 - -0.86%
1908 - -0.83%
1909 - -0.15%
1910 - 1.52%
1911 - 1.26%
1912 - 0.69%
1913 - 0.69%
1914 - 0.69%
1915 - 0.69%
1916 - 0.69%
1917 - 0.69%
1918 - 0.69%
1919 - 0.69%
1920 - 0.69%
1921 - 0.69%
1922 - 0.69%
1923 - 0.69%
1924 - 0.69%
1925 - 0.69%
1926 - 0.69%
1927 - 0.69%
1928 - -0.4%
1929 - -0.4%
1930 - -1.62%
1931 - -1.12%
1932 - 0.06%
1933 - 0.58%
1934 - 0.25%
1935 - 0.07%
1936 - 0.1%
1937 - 0.12%
1938 - 0.16%
1939 - 0.12%
1940 - 0.15%
1941 - 0.15%
1942 - 0.15%
1943 - 0.15%
1944 - 0.15%
1945 - 0.15%
1946 - 0.15%
1947 - 0.15%
1948 - 0.15%
1949 - 0.15%
1950 - 0.15%
1951 - 0.15%
1952 - 0.15%
1953 - 0.15%
1954 - 0.15%
1955 - 0.15%
1956 - 0.15%
1957 - 0.15%
1958 - 0.15%
1959 - 0.15%
1960 - 0.15%
1961 - 0.15%
1962 - 0.15%
1963 - 0.15%
1964 - 0.15%
1965 - 0.15%
1966 - 0.15%
1967 - 0.15%
1968 - 0.15%
1969 - 0.15%
1970 - 0.15%
1971 - 0.15%
1972 - 0.15%
1973 - 0.15%
1974 - 0.15%
1975 - 0.15%
1976 - 0.15%
1977 - 0.15%
1978 - 0.15%
1979 - 0.15%
1980 - 0.15%
1981 - 0.15%
1982 - 0.15%
1983 - 0.15%
1984 - 0.15%
1985 - 0.15%
1986 - 0.15%
1987 - 0.15%
1988 - 0.15%
1989 - 0.15%
1990 - 0.15%
1991 - 0.15%
1992 - 0.15%
1993 - 0.15%
1994 - 0.15%
1995 - 0.15%
1996 - 0.15%
1997 - 0.15%
1998 -0.66% -7.42%
1999 -3.54% -3.59%
2000 -2.57% 3.11%
2001 -2.03% 2.99%
2002 -2.59% 0.67%
2003 -1.67% 1.35%
2004 -1.04% 4.57%
2005 -1.06% 7.6%
2006 -0.48% 7.8%
2007 0.63% 5.59%
2008 -3.29% 4.55%
2009 -7.14% -5.89%
2010 -6.56% -3.19%
2011 -3.38% 1.43%
2012 0.18% 0.38%
2013 -0.58% -1.16%
2014 -1.74% -1.07%
2015 -1.57% -3.39%
2016 -0.51% -3.67%
2017 -0.85% -1.47%
2018 -0.77% 2.92%
2019 -0.39% 1.93%
2020 -3.85% -3.99%
2021 -5.71% 0.78%
2022 -3.94% -1.56%
2023 -3.38% -2.51%
2024 -1.82% -2.25%
2025 -3.63% -1.01%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Latvia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.74%, compared with 14.6% in Russia. In 2024, inflation was 1.27% in Latvia and 9% in Russia.

Inflation
Latvia

Russia
Year Inflation
Latvia Russia Latvia Russia
1996 17.6% 47.8%
1997 8.45% 14.8%
1998 4.64% 27.7%
1999 2.36% 85.7%
2000 2.65% 20.8%
2001 2.49% 21.5%
2002 1.94% 15.8%
2003 2.94% 13.7%
2004 6.19% 10.9%
2005 6.75% 12.7%
2006 6.54% 9.7%
2007 10.1% 9%
2008 15.4% 14.1%
2009 3.53% 11.6%
2010 -1.08% 6.8%
2011 4.37% 8.4%
2012 2.26% 5.1%
2013 -0.03% 6.8%
2014 0.62% 7.8%
2015 0.17% 15.5%
2016 0.14% 7%
2017 2.93% 3.7%
2018 2.53% 2.9%
2019 2.81% 4.5%
2020 0.22% 3.4%
2021 3.28% 6.7%
2022 17.3% 13.7%
2023 8.94% 5.9%
2024 1.27% 8.4%
2025 - 9%

Top exports between countries

Latvia
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $528M
Textiles & consumer goods $303M
Chemicals & pharma $148M
Transport & tourism services $136M
Machinery & equipment $59.5M
Raw materials & minerals $41.2M
Raw agricultural goods $21.6M
Business & finance services $18.2M
Manufacturing & construction services $8.68M
Metals $7.87M
Russia
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $1.69B
Miscellaneous $823M
Metals $582M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $375M
Raw agricultural goods $305M
Wood & paper products $237M
Transport & tourism services $219M
Chemicals & pharma $130M
Machinery & equipment $82.7M
Business & finance services $54.9M

Balance of trade

Latvia Russia
Current account balance
-$688M
2024
$63.2B
2024
Current account balance ranking
113/189
2024
9/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.58%
2024
+2.91%
2024
Goods imports
$23.4B
2024
$300B
2024
Goods exports
$20.1B
2024
$433B
2024
Service imports
$5.86B
2024
$81.5B
2024
Service exports
$8.42B
2024
$43B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
67.2%
2024
17.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
64.6%
2024
21.9%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Latvia Russia
Economic freedom 71.4 51.6
Economic freedom ranking 30/197 150/197
Property rights 87.8 18.6
Government integrity 66.7 23
Judicial effectiveness 72.3 28.4
Tax burden 76.2 87.7
Government spending 46.9 62
Fiscal health 67.2 97.8
Business freedom 81.8 51.3
Labor freedom 64 59
Monetary freedom 69.5 62.2
Trade freedom 79.6 69.4
Investment freedom 85 30
Financial freedom 60 30

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Latvia is 71.4, ranking 30/197, compared to 51.6 for Russia, ranking 150/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Latvia
Russia
Year Economic freedom index
Latvia Russia
1995 - 51.1
1996 55 51.6
1997 62.4 48.6
1998 63.4 52.8
1999 64.2 54.5
2000 63.4 51.8
2001 66.4 49.8
2002 65 48.7
2003 66 50.8
2004 67.4 52.8
2005 66.3 51.3
2006 66.9 52.4
2007 67.9 52.2
2008 68.3 49.8
2009 66.6 50.8
2010 66.2 50.3
2011 65.8 50.5
2012 65.2 50.5
2013 66.5 51.1
2014 68.7 51.9
2015 69.7 52.1
2016 70.4 50.6
2017 74.8 57.1
2018 73.6 58.2
2019 70.4 58.9
2020 71.9 61
2021 72.3 61.5
2022 74.8 56.1
2023 72.8 53.8
2024 71.5 52
2025 71.4 51.6

More economic indicators

Latvia Russia
Services, % of GDP
63.1%
2024
57.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
19.9%
2024
30.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
4.1%
2024
2.74%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$40.8B
2024
$2.24T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$43,130
2024
$46,780
2024
Total reserves including gold
$5.14B
2024
$597B
2023
Total reserves ranking
98/177
2024
6/177
2023
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.26B
2024
$8.09B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.51B
2024
-$8.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$257M
2024
-$13.1M
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
22.5%
2022
12.1%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.2%
2024
26.3%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

Economy vs Latvia vs Russia
Afghanistan Compare Compare
Albania Compare Compare
Algeria Compare Compare
Andorra Compare Compare
Angola Compare Compare
Antigua Compare Compare
Argentina Compare Compare
Armenia Compare Compare
Australia Compare Compare
Austria Compare Compare
Azerbaijan Compare Compare
Bahamas Compare Compare
Bahrain Compare Compare
Bangladesh Compare Compare
Barbados Compare Compare
Belarus Compare Compare
Belgium Compare Compare
Belize Compare Compare
Benin Compare Compare
Bhutan Compare Compare
Bolivia Compare Compare
Bosnia Compare Compare
Botswana Compare Compare
Brazil Compare Compare
Brunei Compare Compare
Bulgaria Compare Compare
Burkina Faso Compare Compare
Burundi Compare Compare
Cambodia Compare Compare
Cameroon Compare Compare
Canada Compare Compare
Cape Verde Compare Compare
Cayman Islands Compare Compare
CAR Compare Compare
Chad Compare Compare
Chile Compare Compare
China Compare Compare
Colombia Compare Compare
Comoros Compare Compare
Congo Compare Compare
Costa Rica Compare Compare
Croatia Compare Compare
Cuba Compare Compare
Curacao Compare Compare
Cyprus Compare Compare
Czech Republic Compare Compare
DR Congo Compare Compare
Denmark Compare Compare
Djibouti Compare Compare
Dominica Compare Compare
Dominican Republic Compare Compare
East Timor Compare Compare
Ecuador Compare Compare
Egypt Compare Compare
El Salvador Compare Compare
Equatorial Guinea Compare Compare
Eritrea Compare Compare
Estonia Compare Compare
Eswatini Compare Compare
Ethiopia Compare Compare
Fiji Compare Compare
Finland Compare Compare
France Compare Compare
Gabon Compare Compare
Gambia Compare Compare
Georgia Compare Compare
Germany Compare Compare
Ghana Compare Compare
Greece Compare Compare
Grenada Compare Compare
Guatemala Compare Compare
Guinea Compare Compare
Guinea-Bissau Compare Compare
Guyana Compare Compare
Haiti Compare Compare
Honduras Compare Compare
Hungary Compare Compare
Iceland Compare Compare
India Compare Compare
Indonesia Compare Compare
Iran Compare Compare
Iraq Compare Compare
Ireland Compare Compare
Israel Compare Compare
Italy Compare Compare
Ivory Coast Compare Compare
Jamaica Compare Compare
Japan Compare Compare
Jordan Compare Compare
Kazakhstan Compare Compare
Kenya Compare Compare
Kiribati Compare Compare
Kuwait Compare Compare
Kyrgyzstan Compare Compare
Laos Compare Compare
Lebanon Compare Compare
Lesotho Compare Compare
Liberia Compare Compare
Libya Compare Compare
Liechtenstein Compare Compare
Lithuania Compare Compare
Luxembourg Compare Compare
Madagascar Compare Compare
Malawi Compare Compare
Malaysia Compare Compare
Maldives Compare Compare
Mali Compare Compare
Malta Compare Compare
Marshall Islands Compare Compare
Mauritania Compare Compare
Mauritius Compare Compare
Mexico Compare Compare
Moldova Compare Compare
Monaco Compare Compare
Mongolia Compare Compare
Montenegro Compare Compare
Morocco Compare Compare
Mozambique Compare Compare
Myanmar Compare Compare
Namibia Compare Compare
Nauru Compare Compare
Nepal Compare Compare
Netherlands Compare Compare
New Zealand Compare Compare
Nicaragua Compare Compare
Niger Compare Compare
Nigeria Compare Compare
North Korea Compare Compare
North Macedonia Compare Compare
Norway Compare Compare
Oman Compare Compare
Pakistan Compare Compare
Palau Compare Compare
Palestine Compare Compare
Panama Compare Compare
Papua New Guinea Compare Compare
Paraguay Compare Compare
Peru Compare Compare
Philippines Compare Compare
Poland Compare Compare
Portugal Compare Compare
Qatar Compare Compare
Romania Compare Compare
Rwanda Compare Compare
Saint Kitts Compare Compare
Saint Lucia Compare Compare
Saint Vincent Compare Compare
Samoa Compare Compare
San Marino Compare Compare
Sao Tome Compare Compare
Saudi Arabia Compare Compare
Senegal Compare Compare
Serbia Compare Compare
Seychelles Compare Compare
Sierra Leone Compare Compare
Singapore Compare Compare
Slovakia Compare Compare
Slovenia Compare Compare
Solomon Islands Compare Compare
Somalia Compare Compare
South Africa Compare Compare
South Korea Compare Compare
South Sudan Compare Compare
Spain Compare Compare
Sri Lanka Compare Compare
Sudan Compare Compare
Suriname Compare Compare
Sweden Compare Compare
Switzerland Compare Compare
Syria Compare Compare
Taiwan Compare Compare
Tajikistan Compare Compare
Tanzania Compare Compare
Thailand Compare Compare
Togo Compare Compare
Tonga Compare Compare
Trinidad Compare Compare
Tunisia Compare Compare
Turkey Compare Compare
Turkmenistan Compare Compare
Tuvalu Compare Compare
Uganda Compare Compare
Ukraine Compare Compare
UAE Compare Compare
United Kingdom Compare Compare
United States Compare Compare
Uruguay Compare Compare
Uzbekistan Compare Compare
Vanuatu Compare Compare
Vatican Compare Compare
Venezuela Compare Compare
Vietnam Compare Compare
Yemen Compare Compare
Zambia Compare Compare
Zimbabwe Compare Compare

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.