Ghana has a GDP of $114B compared to $176M for Nauru, ranking 69/197 and 195/197 by economy size, respectively.
Ghana has $55.8B in government debt (48.8% of GDP), compared to $25.8M (14.6% of GDP) in Nauru.
Ghana vs Nauru GDP by year
| Year | GDP, current $ | |
|---|---|---|
Ghana
|
Nauru
|
|
| 2025 | $114,209,905,279 | $176,040,044 |
| 2024 | $83,288,585,604 | $167,833,415 |
| 2023 | $80,547,146,876 | $161,531,317 |
| 2022 | $73,919,003,212 | $180,671,357 |
| 2021 | $79,514,204,730 | $149,268,324 |
| 2020 | $70,008,243,860 | $124,685,688 |
| 2019 | $68,352,629,246 | $125,160,116 |
| 2018 | $67,259,353,966 | $130,995,566 |
| 2017 | $60,385,409,435 | $109,355,639 |
| 2016 | $56,144,179,398 | $97,541,943 |
| 2015 | $49,436,806,230 | $84,863,441 |
| 2014 | $54,678,533,806 | $99,149,244 |
| 2013 | $62,845,721,960 | $94,385,015 |
| 2012 | $41,271,701,061 | $101,055,723 |
| 2011 | $39,336,668,081 | $65,071,880 |
| 2010 | $32,197,655,567 | $47,562,845 |
| 2009 | $26,048,720,006 | $44,176,246 |
| 2008 | $28,679,383,241 | $37,602,265 |
| 2007 | $24,827,339,138 | $22,766,972 |
| 2006 | $20,885,037,597 | $29,200,359 |
| 2005 | $10,744,568,381 | $30,070,666 |
| 2004 | $8,881,417,907 | $30,587,566 |
| 2003 | $7,632,723,556 | $24,778,160 |
| 2002 | $6,166,197,848 | $21,017,424 |
| 2001 | $5,314,872,854 | $22,613,288 |
| 2000 | $4,982,850,662 | $26,930,980 |
| 1999 | $7,718,109,982 | $27,328,613 |
| 1998 | $7,482,069,162 | $29,664,451 |
| 1997 | $6,891,443,192 | $37,331,507 |
| 1996 | $6,932,991,739 | $37,458,801 |
| 1995 | $6,464,382,808 | $39,969,706 |
| 1994 | $5,446,383,727 | $39,742,511 |
| 1993 | $5,968,922,939 | $43,542,088 |
| 1992 | $6,416,103,926 | $51,133,123 |
| 1991 | $6,603,185,268 | $52,533,789 |
| 1990 | $5,889,106,573 | $55,572,376 |
| 1989 | $5,251,858,440 | $53,736,786 |
| 1988 | $5,197,765,032 | $45,931,134 |
| 1987 | $5,074,829,932 | $40,118,410 |
| 1986 | $5,735,677,434 | $39,939,391 |
| 1985 | $4,504,306,723 | $41,548,741 |
| 1984 | $4,412,279,843 | $47,363,231 |
| 1983 | $4,057,275,132 | $48,439,093 |
| 1982 | $4,035,994,398 | $52,877,742 |
| 1981 | $4,222,441,860 | $51,689,637 |
| 1980 | $4,445,228,216 | $46,947,124 |
| 1979 | $4,020,227,920 | $44,431,330 |
| 1978 | $3,662,478,185 | $41,754,147 |
| 1977 | $3,189,428,571 | $40,444,702 |
| 1976 | $2,765,254,237 | $40,287,427 |
| 1975 | $2,810,106,383 | $40,106,776 |
| 1974 | $2,894,409,938 | $35,994,511 |
| 1973 | $3,006,766,758 | $26,529,817 |
| 1972 | $2,112,293,280 | $21,734,269 |
| 1971 | $2,417,108,578 | $19,009,433 |
| 1970 | $2,215,028,588 | $17,570,366 |
| 1969 | $1,962,050,556 | - |
| 1968 | $1,666,909,518 | - |
| 1967 | $1,747,187,645 | - |
| 1966 | $2,126,300,672 | - |
| 1965 | $2,053,462,968 | - |
| 1964 | $1,731,296,200 | - |
| 1963 | $1,540,797,589 | - |
| 1962 | $1,382,515,654 | - |
| 1961 | $1,302,674,325 | - |
| 1960 | $1,217,230,095 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/ghana/nauru | CC BY 
GDP per capita in Ghana vs Nauru by year
| Year | Current $ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Ghana
|
Nauru
|
|||
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2025 | $3,257 | - | $14,640 | - |
| 2024 | $2,419 | $8,020 | $14,048 | $14,173 |
| 2023 | $2,384 | $7,556 | $13,603 | $13,732 |
| 2022 | $2,230 | $7,208 | $15,310 | $13,245 |
| 2021 | $2,445 | $6,608 | $12,748 | $12,112 |
| 2020 | $2,195 | $6,047 | $10,709 | $10,811 |
| 2019 | $2,187 | $6,003 | $10,802 | $10,555 |
| 2018 | $2,195 | $5,536 | $11,414 | $9,657 |
| 2017 | $2,012 | $5,171 | $9,657 | $9,650 |
| 2016 | $1,912 | $5,011 | $8,748 | $10,281 |
| 2015 | $1,723 | $5,191 | $7,747 | $9,955 |
| 2014 | $1,950 | $5,517 | $9,230 | $9,726 |
| 2013 | $2,295 | $5,215 | $8,975 | $8,429 |
| 2012 | $1,544 | $4,934 | $9,843 | $8,153 |
| 2011 | $1,507 | $4,381 | $6,444 | $6,544 |
| 2010 | $1,264 | $3,855 | $4,736 | $5,620 |
| 2009 | $1,048 | $3,617 | $4,411 | $5,568 |
| 2008 | $1,183 | $3,516 | $3,757 | $5,863 |
| 2007 | $1,050 | $3,241 | $2,272 | $4,789 |
| 2006 | $906 | $3,103 | $2,910 | $5,975 |
| 2005 | $479 | $2,904 | $2,992 | $5,336 |
| 2004 | $406 | $2,729 | $3,041 | $5,169 |
| 2003 | $358 | $2,584 | $2,463 | $5,261 |
| 2002 | $297.5 | $2,475 | $2,085 | $5,132 |
| 2001 | $263.5 | $2,397 | $2,232 | $5,587 |
| 2000 | $253.7 | $2,315 | $2,649 | $5,838 |
| 1999 | $403 | $2,239 | $2,683 | $6,118 |
| 1998 | $400 | $2,167 | $2,909 | $6,450 |
| 1997 | $378 | $2,097 | $3,661 | $7,231 |
| 1996 | $389 | $2,026 | $3,679 | $7,818 |
| 1995 | $372 | $1,947 | $3,932 | $8,726 |
| 1994 | $321 | $1,875 | $3,921 | $9,308 |
| 1993 | $360 | $1,821 | $4,310 | $9,513 |
| 1992 | $396 | $1,739 | $5,103 | $11,167 |
| 1991 | $418 | $1,678 | $5,333 | $13,265 |
| 1990 | $383 | $1,581 | $5,776 | $16,215 |
| 1989 | $350 | - | $5,723 | - |
| 1988 | $355 | - | $5,012 | - |
| 1987 | $355 | - | $4,485 | - |
| 1986 | $411 | - | $4,569 | - |
| 1985 | $330 | - | $4,859 | - |
| 1984 | $330 | - | $5,654 | - |
| 1983 | $311 | - | $5,896 | - |
| 1982 | $319 | - | $6,577 | - |
| 1981 | $344 | - | $6,594 | - |
| 1980 | $372 | - | $6,138 | - |
| 1979 | $347 | - | $5,950 | - |
| 1978 | $326 | - | $5,721 | - |
| 1977 | $292.3 | - | $5,646 | - |
| 1976 | $261 | - | $5,703 | - |
| 1975 | $273 | - | $5,740 | - |
| 1974 | $289.4 | - | $5,199 | - |
| 1973 | $310 | - | $3,864 | - |
| 1972 | $223.8 | - | $3,191 | - |
| 1971 | $263.4 | - | $2,811 | - |
| 1970 | $248.2 | - | $2,619 | - |
| 1969 | $225.8 | - | - | - |
| 1968 | $196.7 | - | - | - |
| 1967 | $211.2 | - | - | - |
| 1966 | $263.3 | - | - | - |
| 1965 | $260.5 | - | - | - |
| 1964 | $225 | - | - | - |
| 1963 | $205 | - | - | - |
| 1962 | $188.4 | - | - | - |
| 1961 | $181.9 | - | - | - |
| 1960 | $174.9 | - | - | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/ghana/nauru | CC BY
Ghana's GDP per capita is $3,257, ranking 139/197, compared to $14,640 in Nauru, ranking 74/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Ghana ranks 140th at $8,020, while Nauru ranks 119th at $14,173.
Economic indicators
|
Ghana
|
Nauru
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$114B
2025 |
$176M
2025 |
| GDP rank |
69/197
2025 |
195/197
2025 |
| GDP growth |
5.95%
2024-2025 |
2.14%
2024-2025 |
| GDP per capita |
$3,257
2025 |
$14,640
2025 |
| GDP per capita rank |
139/197
2025 |
74/197
2025 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$8,020
2024 |
$14,173
2024 |
| GDP per capita PPP rank |
140/197
2024 |
119/197
2024 |
| Government debt |
$55.8B
2025 |
$25.8M
2025 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
48.8%
2025 |
14.6%
2025 |
| Government debt per person |
$1,590
2025 |
$2,145
2025 |
| Government debt per person rank |
128/185
2025 |
118/185
2025 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$2,135
2026 |
$9,187
2026 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$16.4B
2025 |
n/a |
| Income share by richest 10% |
32.2%
2016 |
25.3%
2012 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
1.6%
2016 |
3.4%
2012 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
17%
2025 |
128.7%
2025 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
14.2%
2024-2025 |
6.1%
2024-2025 |
| Central bank interest rate |
14%
2026 |
n/a |
| Unemployment rate |
3.97%
2024 |
5.06%
2021 |
| Population |
36032857
|
12139
|
Spending and national debt comparison by year
| Year | % of GDP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Ghana
|
Nauru
|
|||
| Government spending | Government debt | Government spending | Government debt | |
| 2025 | 17% | 48.8% | 128.7% | 14.6% |
| 2024 | 22% | 70.3% | 118.4% | 16.9% |
| 2023 | 18.5% | 79.1% | 111% | 19.2% |
| 2022 | 27.5% | 92.7% | 113.8% | 18.9% |
| 2021 | 27.2% | 86.9% | 109.5% | 24.2% |
| 2020 | 31.5% | 79.1% | 109.4% | 56.3% |
| 2019 | 22.5% | 62.9% | 106% | 59.6% |
| 2018 | 20.9% | 62% | 90.8% | 71.1% |
| 2017 | 17.6% | 57% | 102.3% | 78% |
| 2016 | 19.9% | 55.9% | 96% | 86.3% |
| 2015 | 18.6% | 53.9% | 85.4% | 113% |
| 2014 | 21% | 50.1% | 61.3% | 147.7% |
| 2013 | 21.6% | 42.9% | 66% | 166.9% |
| 2012 | 22.1% | 35.5% | 46% | 157.3% |
| 2011 | 19.5% | 31.2% | 44.7% | 236.8% |
| 2010 | 19% | 32.9% | 73.8% | 298.9% |
| 2009 | 16.6% | 25.4% | 68% | 295.6% |
| 2008 | 16.6% | 23.2% | - | - |
| 2007 | 16.8% | 21.1% | - | - |
| 2006 | 14.4% | 17.3% | - | - |
| 2005 | 12.9% | 31.7% | - | - |
| 2004 | 13.7% | 38.4% | - | - |
| 2003 | 12.1% | 49.3% | - | - |
| 2002 | 10.7% | 54.1% | - | - |
| 2001 | 13.8% | 57.8% | - | - |
| 2000 | 12% | 74.5% | - | - |
| 1999 | 11.1% | 51.7% | - | - |
| 1998 | 11.8% | 37.6% | - | - |
| 1997 | 12% | 45.2% | - | - |
| 1996 | 12.4% | 42.9% | - | - |
| 1995 | 13% | 47.6% | - | - |
| 1994 | 12.7% | 50.6% | - | - |
| 1993 | 12.1% | 34.1% | - | - |
| 1992 | 9.2% | 21.3% | - | - |
| 1991 | 7.09% | 17.3% | - | - |
| 1990 | 6.59% | 17.8% | - | - |
| 1989 | 7.24% | 23% | - | - |
| 1988 | 7.23% | 23.5% | - | - |
| 1987 | 7.32% | 26.8% | - | - |
| 1986 | 7.29% | 18.2% | - | - |
| 1985 | 6.08% | 14.4% | - | - |
| 1984 | 4.64% | 13% | - | - |
| 1983 | 3.49% | 9.21% | - | - |
| 1982 | 4.73% | 8.51% | - | - |
| 1981 | 5.74% | 8.77% | - | - |
| 1980 | 7.51% | 9.75% | - | - |
| 1979 | 9.14% | 11.5% | - | - |
| 1978 | 6.54% | 11.4% | - | - |
| 1977 | 10.5% | 20.7% | - | - |
| 1976 | 12.8% | 26% | - | - |
| 1975 | 13.2% | 21.8% | - | - |
| 1974 | 9.52% | 21.8% | - | - |
| 1973 | 9.35% | 25.4% | - | - |
| 1972 | 11.4% | 29.8% | - | - |
| 1971 | 11.7% | 29.5% | - | - |
| 1970 | 12.2% | 31.9% | - | - |
| 1969 | 11.2% | 31.4% | - | - |
| 1968 | 12.3% | 34.5% | - | - |
| 1967 | 11.5% | 33.9% | - | - |
| 1966 | 9.12% | 29.8% | - | - |
| 1965 | 14.2% | 30.2% | - | - |
| 1964 | 15.8% | 30.8% | - | - |
| 1963 | 15.3% | 30.5% | - | - |
| 1962 | 12.5% | 11.8% | - | - |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1962–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/ghana/nauru | CC BY
In 2025, Ghana's government spending was $19.4B, accounting for 17% of its GDP, while Nauru spent $227M, or 128.7% of GDP.
Debt-to-GDP ratio is 48.8% in Ghana and 14.6% in Nauru, ranking 108/185 and 176/185, respectively.
Government deficit by year
| Year | Deficit/surplus, % of GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
Ghana
|
Nauru
|
|
| 2025 | -1.35% | 3.51% |
| 2024 | -6.23% | 28.9% |
| 2023 | -3.37% | 18.2% |
| 2022 | -11.8% | 20.5% |
| 2021 | -12% | 52.4% |
| 2020 | -17.4% | 42.8% |
| 2019 | -7.52% | 31% |
| 2018 | -6.79% | 29.6% |
| 2017 | -3.97% | 16.2% |
| 2016 | -6.75% | 18.9% |
| 2015 | -4.01% | 10.7% |
| 2014 | -7.81% | 29.6% |
| 2013 | -9.12% | 1.71% |
| 2012 | -8.36% | 8.12% |
| 2011 | -5.47% | 2.73% |
| 2010 | -7.13% | 0.09% |
| 2009 | -5.05% | 0.37% |
| 2008 | -5.56% | - |
| 2007 | -4.91% | - |
| 2006 | -3.11% | - |
| 2005 | -1.87% | - |
| 2004 | -2.02% | - |
| 2003 | -1.99% | - |
| 2002 | -2.73% | - |
| 2001 | -3.64% | - |
| 2000 | -3.98% | - |
| 1999 | -5.64% | - |
| 1998 | -5.27% | - |
| 1997 | -6.14% | - |
| 1996 | -5.61% | - |
| 1995 | -4.52% | - |
| 1994 | -4.99% | - |
| 1993 | -5.39% | - |
| 1992 | -4.5% | - |
| 1991 | -1.47% | - |
| 1990 | -1.93% | - |
| 1989 | -0.81% | - |
| 1988 | -1.08% | - |
| 1987 | -0.92% | - |
| 1986 | -1.26% | - |
| 1985 | -1.19% | - |
| 1984 | -0.98% | - |
| 1983 | -1.13% | - |
| 1982 | -2.03% | - |
| 1981 | -3.8% | - |
| 1980 | -4.73% | - |
| 1979 | -3.61% | - |
| 1978 | -1.21% | - |
| 1977 | -4.68% | - |
| 1976 | -5.53% | - |
| 1975 | -4.05% | - |
| 1974 | -2.06% | - |
| 1973 | -2.64% | - |
| 1972 | -2.19% | - |
| 1971 | 0.13% | - |
| 1970 | -2.35% | - |
| 1969 | -2.67% | - |
| 1968 | -2.34% | - |
| 1967 | -2.32% | - |
| 1966 | -1.29% | - |
| 1965 | -3.29% | - |
| 1964 | -3.72% | - |
| 1963 | -5.66% | - |
| 1962 | -5.04% | - |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1962–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/ghana/nauru | CC BY
In 2025, Ghana's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.54B, equivalent to 1.35% of GDP. This compares to Nauru's surplus of $6.19M, or 3.51% of GDP.
Over the past 17 years, Ghana recorded a fiscal deficit in 17 of those years, while Nauru ran a deficit in 0 years. On average, Ghana posted an annual deficit equal to 7.3% of GDP, compared to surplus of 18.5% of GDP for Nauru.
Inflation comparison by year
| Year | Consumer prices inflation | |
|---|---|---|
|
Ghana
|
Nauru
|
|
| 2025 | 14.2% | 6.1% |
| 2024 | 22.8% | 9.3% |
| 2023 | 38.1% | 4.8% |
| 2022 | 31.3% | 1.1% |
| 2021 | 9.97% | 2% |
| 2020 | 9.89% | 0.9% |
| 2019 | 7.14% | 4.1% |
| 2018 | 7.81% | 1.1% |
| 2017 | 12.4% | 4.5% |
| 2016 | 17.5% | 8.1% |
| 2015 | 17.1% | 9.8% |
| 2014 | 15.5% | 0.3% |
| 2013 | 11.7% | -1.1% |
| 2012 | 11.2% | 0.3% |
| 2011 | 8.73% | -3.4% |
| 2010 | 10.7% | -2% |
| 2009 | 19.2% | 22.4% |
| 2008 | 16.5% | 1% |
| 2007 | 10.7% | 5.6% |
| 2006 | 11.7% | 19.3% |
| 2005 | 15.4% | 8.7% |
| 2004 | 18% | - |
| 2003 | 29.8% | - |
| 2002 | 9.36% | - |
| 2001 | 41.5% | - |
| 2000 | 40.2% | - |
| 1999 | 4.87% | - |
| 1998 | 14.6% | - |
| 1997 | 27.9% | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (2005–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/ghana/nauru | CC BY
Over the past 21 years, Ghana has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 15.2%, compared with 4.9% in Nauru. In 2025, inflation was 14.2% in Ghana and 6.1% in Nauru.
Top exports between countries
Balance of trade
|
Ghana
|
Nauru
|
|
|---|---|---|
|
Current account balance
|
$9.39B
2025 |
$9.73M
2024 |
| Current account balance ranking |
25/190
2025 |
69/190
2024 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
+8.22%
2025 |
+5.8%
2024 |
| Goods imports |
$17.5B
2025 |
$92.7M
2024 |
| Goods exports |
$31.2B
2025 |
$25.5M
2024 |
| Service imports |
$14.6B
2025 |
$88.2M
2024 |
| Service exports |
$10.1B
2025 |
$64.6M
2024 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
33.9%
2024 |
103.7%
2025 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
35.1%
2024 |
61.8%
2025 |
Economic freedom indices
The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.
|
Ghana
|
Nauru
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 57.3 | 60 |
| Economic freedom ranking | 118/197 | 97/197 |
| Property rights | 50.2 | n/a |
| Government integrity | 45.4 | n/a |
| Judicial effectiveness | 57.5 | n/a |
| Tax burden | 79.4 | n/a |
| Government spending | 84 | n/a |
| Fiscal health | 10.1 | n/a |
| Business freedom | 64.5 | n/a |
| Labor freedom | 54.9 | n/a |
| Monetary freedom | 56.7 | n/a |
| Trade freedom | 65.2 | n/a |
| Investment freedom | 60 | n/a |
| Financial freedom | 60 | n/a |
Other economic metrics
|
Ghana
|
Nauru
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
42.9%
2025 |
n/a |
| Industry, % of GDP |
29.3%
2025 |
n/a |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
21.3%
2025 |
n/a |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$92.3B
2025 |
$249M
2025 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$8,080
2025 |
$20,200
2025 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$4.47B
2024 |
n/a |
| Total reserves ranking |
108/177
2024 |
n/a |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$1.87B
2025 |
$4.51M
2024 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$1.77B
2024 |
-$5.85M
2024 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$5.37M
2024 |
-$1.34M
2024 |
|
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
|
3.5%
2024 |
n/a |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
23.4%
2016 |
n/a |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
9.9%
2024 |
n/a |
GDP per capita map
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/ghana/nauru | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.