The latest officially reported population of Sao Tome and Principe was 240,254 in 2025 vs 69,487,000 people in the United Kingdom in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Sao Tome and Principe's population is 247,495 people compared to 70,071,289 in the United Kingdom.
Population statistics:
- The United Kingdom's population is 283.1 times bigger than Sao Tome and Principe's.
- Sao Tome and Principe is ranked the 176th most populous country in the world, while the United Kingdom is the 22nd.
- The countries together account for 0.85% of the world: 0.003% for Sao Tome and Principe vs 0.84% for the United Kingdom.
- For the last 10 years, Sao Tome and Principe has had an average growth rate of +1.83% per year vs +0.66% in the United Kingdom.
- Since 2006, the population of Sao Tome and Principe has increased from 166K people to 247K (49.4% growth), while the United Kingdom has grown from 60.8M to 70.1M (15.2% growth).
Sao Tome and Principe vs United Kingdom: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Sao Tome
|
United Kingdom
|
|
| 2100 | 538,656 | 74,517,005 |
| 2099 | 537,257 | 74,647,273 |
| 2098 | 535,715 | 74,766,073 |
| 2097 | 534,052 | 74,879,923 |
| 2096 | 532,281 | 74,991,940 |
| 2095 | 530,505 | 75,102,041 |
| 2094 | 528,585 | 75,198,597 |
| 2093 | 526,572 | 75,296,704 |
| 2092 | 524,436 | 75,390,038 |
| 2091 | 522,255 | 75,480,137 |
| 2090 | 519,929 | 75,566,962 |
| 2089 | 517,542 | 75,649,353 |
| 2088 | 515,028 | 75,721,067 |
| 2087 | 512,499 | 75,791,990 |
| 2086 | 509,949 | 75,859,854 |
| 2085 | 507,271 | 75,918,647 |
| 2084 | 504,516 | 75,969,065 |
| 2083 | 501,611 | 76,018,614 |
| 2082 | 498,655 | 76,059,464 |
| 2081 | 495,622 | 76,086,593 |
| 2080 | 492,416 | 76,118,679 |
| 2079 | 489,178 | 76,147,352 |
| 2078 | 485,864 | 76,165,841 |
| 2077 | 482,385 | 76,183,437 |
| 2076 | 478,877 | 76,185,828 |
| 2075 | 475,315 | 76,198,349 |
| 2074 | 471,700 | 76,209,676 |
| 2073 | 468,051 | 76,218,781 |
| 2072 | 464,286 | 76,211,187 |
| 2071 | 460,447 | 76,200,495 |
| 2070 | 456,490 | 76,190,801 |
| 2069 | 452,388 | 76,184,140 |
| 2068 | 448,306 | 76,183,288 |
| 2067 | 444,092 | 76,175,881 |
| 2066 | 439,773 | 76,168,987 |
| 2065 | 435,502 | 76,168,193 |
| 2064 | 431,068 | 76,165,129 |
| 2063 | 426,645 | 76,165,534 |
| 2062 | 422,127 | 76,158,910 |
| 2061 | 417,629 | 76,156,587 |
| 2060 | 413,061 | 76,157,104 |
| 2059 | 408,522 | 76,157,593 |
| 2058 | 403,970 | 76,139,384 |
| 2057 | 399,359 | 76,119,478 |
| 2056 | 394,790 | 76,086,799 |
| 2055 | 390,100 | 76,047,952 |
| 2054 | 385,416 | 75,980,524 |
| 2053 | 380,685 | 75,907,047 |
| 2052 | 375,964 | 75,815,200 |
| 2051 | 371,143 | 75,709,173 |
| 2050 | 366,347 | 75,591,218 |
| 2049 | 361,542 | 75,460,140 |
| 2048 | 356,694 | 75,313,837 |
| 2047 | 351,813 | 75,153,802 |
| 2046 | 346,841 | 74,986,563 |
| 2045 | 341,791 | 74,808,886 |
| 2044 | 336,747 | 74,623,687 |
| 2043 | 331,669 | 74,424,133 |
| 2042 | 326,608 | 74,224,922 |
| 2041 | 321,551 | 74,020,934 |
| 2040 | 316,415 | 73,812,680 |
| 2039 | 311,237 | 73,600,788 |
| 2038 | 306,029 | 73,378,310 |
| 2037 | 300,834 | 73,155,497 |
| 2036 | 295,584 | 72,921,995 |
| 2035 | 290,361 | 72,671,687 |
| 2034 | 285,145 | 72,418,766 |
| 2033 | 279,952 | 72,145,065 |
| 2032 | 274,798 | 71,869,259 |
| 2031 | 269,704 | 71,581,519 |
| 2030 | 264,687 | 71,267,237 |
| 2029 | 259,670 | 70,948,992 |
| 2028 | 254,717 | 70,609,246 |
| 2027 | 249,827 | 70,248,858 |
| 2026 | 245,033 | 69,883,746 |
| 2025 | 240,254 | 69,487,000 |
| 2024 | 235,536 | 69,281,000 |
| 2023 | 230,871 | 68,526,000 |
| 2022 | 226,305 | 67,636,000 |
| 2021 | 221,961 | 66,978,000 |
| 2020 | 217,435 | 66,740,000 |
| 2019 | 213,392 | 66,628,000 |
| 2018 | 210,187 | 66,287,000 |
| 2017 | 206,970 | 65,964,000 |
| 2016 | 203,689 | 65,606,000 |
| 2015 | 200,291 | 65,087,000 |
| 2014 | 196,767 | 64,619,000 |
| 2013 | 193,148 | 64,138,000 |
| 2012 | 189,439 | 63,711,000 |
| 2011 | 185,649 | 63,258,810 |
| 2010 | 181,802 | 62,766,365 |
| 2009 | 177,853 | 62,276,270 |
| 2008 | 173,793 | 61,806,995 |
| 2007 | 169,700 | 61,322,463 |
| 2006 | 165,638 | 60,846,820 |
| 2005 | 161,639 | 60,401,206 |
| 2004 | 157,705 | 59,987,905 |
| 2003 | 153,814 | 59,647,577 |
| 2002 | 149,922 | 59,370,479 |
| 2001 | 146,375 | 59,119,673 |
| 2000 | 144,018 | 58,892,514 |
| 1999 | 142,442 | 58,682,466 |
| 1998 | 140,751 | 58,487,141 |
| 1997 | 138,922 | 58,316,954 |
| 1996 | 136,962 | 58,166,950 |
| 1995 | 134,895 | 58,019,030 |
| 1994 | 132,732 | 57,865,745 |
| 1993 | 130,467 | 57,718,614 |
| 1992 | 128,110 | 57,580,402 |
| 1991 | 125,697 | 57,424,897 |
| 1990 | 122,980 | 57,247,586 |
| 1989 | 119,979 | 57,076,711 |
| 1988 | 116,939 | 56,928,327 |
| 1987 | 113,919 | 56,802,050 |
| 1986 | 111,150 | 56,681,396 |
| 1985 | 108,658 | 56,550,268 |
| 1984 | 106,394 | 56,422,072 |
| 1983 | 104,380 | 56,332,848 |
| 1982 | 102,508 | 56,313,641 |
| 1981 | 100,615 | 56,333,829 |
| 1980 | 98,544 | 56,314,216 |
| 1979 | 96,252 | 56,246,951 |
| 1978 | 93,794 | 56,196,504 |
| 1977 | 91,301 | 56,193,492 |
| 1976 | 88,922 | 56,211,968 |
| 1975 | 86,708 | 56,225,800 |
| 1974 | 84,672 | 56,229,974 |
| 1973 | 82,798 | 56,194,527 |
| 1972 | 81,041 | 56,086,065 |
| 1971 | 79,330 | 55,896,223 |
| 1970 | 77,626 | 55,663,250 |
| 1969 | 76,083 | 55,441,750 |
| 1968 | 74,765 | 55,211,700 |
| 1967 | 73,596 | 54,943,600 |
| 1966 | 72,576 | 54,648,500 |
| 1965 | 71,680 | 54,348,050 |
| 1964 | 70,865 | 54,000,000 |
| 1963 | 70,112 | 53,650,000 |
| 1962 | 69,403 | 53,250,000 |
| 1961 | 68,707 | 52,800,000 |
| 1960 | 68,012 | 52,400,000 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/sao-tome-and-principe/united-kingdom | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Sao Tome and Principe increased by 38,051 people (a 23% growth), while the United Kingdom gained 4,759,180 people (a 7.82% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Sao Tome and Principe gained 43,806 people (a 21.5% growth), while the United Kingdom's population increased by 4,465,289 people (a 6.81% growth).
Sao Tome and Principe was ranked 178th most populous country in 2006 and is 176th in 2026. The United Kingdom was ranked 21st in 2006 and ranked 22nd now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Sao Tome and Principe's population will grow by 48% to 366,347 people with a rank change from 176th to 175th. The population of the United Kingdom will increase by 7.88% to 75,591,218 people and rank change from 22nd to 26th.
Sao Tome and Principe is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 539K people compared to the peak of 76.2M people in 2073 for the United Kingdom.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Sao Tome
|
United Kingdom
|
|
| 2100 | 0.26% | -0.17% |
| 2099 | 0.29% | -0.16% |
| 2098 | 0.31% | -0.15% |
| 2097 | 0.33% | -0.15% |
| 2096 | 0.33% | -0.15% |
| 2095 | 0.36% | -0.13% |
| 2094 | 0.38% | -0.13% |
| 2093 | 0.41% | -0.12% |
| 2092 | 0.42% | -0.12% |
| 2091 | 0.45% | -0.11% |
| 2090 | 0.46% | -0.11% |
| 2089 | 0.49% | -0.09% |
| 2088 | 0.49% | -0.09% |
| 2087 | 0.5% | -0.09% |
| 2086 | 0.53% | -0.08% |
| 2085 | 0.55% | -0.07% |
| 2084 | 0.58% | -0.07% |
| 2083 | 0.59% | -0.05% |
| 2082 | 0.61% | -0.04% |
| 2081 | 0.65% | -0.04% |
| 2080 | 0.66% | -0.04% |
| 2079 | 0.68% | -0.02% |
| 2078 | 0.72% | -0.02% |
| 2077 | 0.73% | -0.003% |
| 2076 | 0.75% | -0.02% |
| 2075 | 0.77% | -0.01% |
| 2074 | 0.78% | -0.01% |
| 2073 | 0.81% | 0.01% |
| 2072 | 0.83% | 0.01% |
| 2071 | 0.87% | 0.01% |
| 2070 | 0.91% | 0.009% |
| 2069 | 0.91% | 0.001% |
| 2068 | 0.95% | 0.01% |
| 2067 | 0.98% | 0.009% |
| 2066 | 0.98% | 0.001% |
| 2065 | 1.03% | 0.004% |
| 2064 | 1.04% | -0% |
| 2063 | 1.07% | 0.009% |
| 2062 | 1.08% | 0.003% |
| 2061 | 1.11% | -0.001% |
| 2060 | 1.11% | -0.001% |
| 2059 | 1.13% | 0.02% |
| 2058 | 1.15% | 0.03% |
| 2057 | 1.16% | 0.04% |
| 2056 | 1.2% | 0.05% |
| 2055 | 1.22% | 0.09% |
| 2054 | 1.24% | 0.1% |
| 2053 | 1.26% | 0.12% |
| 2052 | 1.3% | 0.14% |
| 2051 | 1.31% | 0.16% |
| 2050 | 1.33% | 0.17% |
| 2049 | 1.36% | 0.19% |
| 2048 | 1.39% | 0.21% |
| 2047 | 1.43% | 0.22% |
| 2046 | 1.48% | 0.24% |
| 2045 | 1.5% | 0.25% |
| 2044 | 1.53% | 0.27% |
| 2043 | 1.55% | 0.27% |
| 2042 | 1.57% | 0.28% |
| 2041 | 1.62% | 0.28% |
| 2040 | 1.66% | 0.29% |
| 2039 | 1.7% | 0.3% |
| 2038 | 1.73% | 0.3% |
| 2037 | 1.78% | 0.32% |
| 2036 | 1.8% | 0.34% |
| 2035 | 1.83% | 0.35% |
| 2034 | 1.85% | 0.38% |
| 2033 | 1.88% | 0.38% |
| 2032 | 1.89% | 0.4% |
| 2031 | 1.9% | 0.44% |
| 2030 | 1.93% | 0.45% |
| 2029 | 1.94% | 0.48% |
| 2028 | 1.96% | 0.51% |
| 2027 | 1.96% | 0.52% |
| 2026 | 1.99% | 0.57% |
| 2025 | 2% | 0.3% |
| 2024 | 2.02% | 1.1% |
| 2023 | 2.02% | 1.32% |
| 2022 | 1.96% | 0.98% |
| 2021 | 2.08% | 0.36% |
| 2020 | 1.89% | 0.17% |
| 2019 | 1.52% | 0.51% |
| 2018 | 1.55% | 0.49% |
| 2017 | 1.61% | 0.55% |
| 2016 | 1.7% | 0.8% |
| 2015 | 1.79% | 0.72% |
| 2014 | 1.87% | 0.75% |
| 2013 | 1.96% | 0.67% |
| 2012 | 2.04% | 0.71% |
| 2011 | 2.12% | 0.78% |
| 2010 | 2.22% | 0.79% |
| 2009 | 2.34% | 0.76% |
| 2008 | 2.41% | 0.79% |
| 2007 | 2.45% | 0.78% |
| 2006 | 2.47% | 0.74% |
| 2005 | 2.49% | 0.69% |
| 2004 | 2.53% | 0.57% |
| 2003 | 2.6% | 0.47% |
| 2002 | 2.42% | 0.42% |
| 2001 | 1.64% | 0.39% |
| 2000 | 1.11% | 0.36% |
| 1999 | 1.2% | 0.33% |
| 1998 | 1.32% | 0.29% |
| 1997 | 1.43% | 0.26% |
| 1996 | 1.53% | 0.25% |
| 1995 | 1.63% | 0.26% |
| 1994 | 1.74% | 0.25% |
| 1993 | 1.84% | 0.24% |
| 1992 | 1.92% | 0.27% |
| 1991 | 2.21% | 0.31% |
| 1990 | 2.5% | 0.3% |
| 1989 | 2.6% | 0.26% |
| 1988 | 2.65% | 0.22% |
| 1987 | 2.49% | 0.21% |
| 1986 | 2.29% | 0.23% |
| 1985 | 2.13% | 0.23% |
| 1984 | 1.93% | 0.16% |
| 1983 | 1.83% | 0.03% |
| 1982 | 1.88% | -0.04% |
| 1981 | 2.1% | 0.03% |
| 1980 | 2.38% | 0.12% |
| 1979 | 2.62% | 0.09% |
| 1978 | 2.73% | 0.005% |
| 1977 | 2.68% | -0.03% |
| 1976 | 2.55% | -0.02% |
| 1975 | 2.4% | -0.007% |
| 1974 | 2.26% | 0.06% |
| 1973 | 2.17% | 0.19% |
| 1972 | 2.16% | 0.34% |
| 1971 | 2.2% | 0.42% |
| 1970 | 2.03% | 0.4% |
| 1969 | 1.76% | 0.42% |
| 1968 | 1.59% | 0.49% |
| 1967 | 1.41% | 0.54% |
| 1966 | 1.25% | 0.55% |
| 1965 | 1.15% | 0.64% |
| 1964 | 1.07% | 0.65% |
| 1963 | 1.02% | 0.75% |
| 1962 | 1.01% | 0.85% |
| 1961 | 1.02% | 0.76% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/sao-tome-and-principe/united-kingdom | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Sao Tome and Principe grew by 2%, while the United Kingdom's population grew by 0.3%.
Live population counters
|
Sao Tome
|
United Kingdom
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
247495
|
70071289
|
| Population rank | 176/197 | 22/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.003% | 0.84% |
| One net population change |
1.86 hours
|
2.56 minutes
|
| One birth every |
1.32 hours
|
46 seconds
|
| One death every |
6.73 hours
|
46.9 seconds
|
| Daily growth/decline | +13 | +564 |
| Annual growth/decline | +4,718 | +206,000 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2% | +0.3% |
| Population growth rate rank | 50/197 | 145/197 |
| One migration net change every |
13.5 hours
|
1.35 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -650 | +389,911 |
| Net migration rank | 90/196 | 4/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 1,955 | 11,845,479 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 194/195 | 4/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.8% | 17.1% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 162/195 | 36/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sao Tome
|
United Kingdom
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -650 | - | 389,911 |
| 2024 | 5,315 | -604 | 13,233 | 417,114 |
| 2023 | 5,221 | -592 | 34,606 | 445,523 |
| 2022 | 5,102 | -592 | 39,770 | 487,029 |
| 2021 | 4,954 | -782 | 30,609 | 462,967 |
| 2020 | 4,874 | 0 | -4,272 | 144,221 |
| 2019 | 4,932 | -1,716 | 108,338 | 232,727 |
| 2018 | 4,957 | -1,757 | 119,317 | 259,744 |
| 2017 | 5,007 | -1,779 | 145,121 | 272,311 |
| 2016 | 5,125 | -1,793 | 177,136 | 324,649 |
| 2015 | 5,269 | -1,809 | 175,735 | 347,839 |
| 2014 | 5,381 | -1,801 | 206,781 | 306,091 |
| 2013 | 5,449 | -1,787 | 198,827 | 237,272 |
| 2012 | 5,501 | -1,739 | 248,473 | 172,088 |
| 2011 | 5,445 | -1,616 | 259,361 | 228,773 |
| 2010 | 5,391 | -1,529 | 251,066 | 274,811 |
| 2009 | 5,349 | -1,328 | 230,422 | 249,639 |
| 2008 | 5,297 | -1,203 | 216,325 | 263,390 |
| 2007 | 5,226 | -1,127 | 196,232 | 309,385 |
| 2006 | 5,057 | -1,031 | 176,455 | 288,923 |
| 2005 | 4,897 | -941 | 144,963 | 308,279 |
| 2004 | 4,810 | -894 | 131,974 | 276,077 |
| 2003 | 4,702 | -816 | 89,471 | 211,846 |
| 2002 | 4,591 | -690 | 65,308 | 203,577 |
| 2001 | 4,471 | -1,289 | 65,032 | 175,133 |
| 2000 | 4,334 | -2,798 | 70,671 | 153,917 |
| 1999 | 4,221 | -2,594 | 64,551 | 152,653 |
| 1998 | 4,120 | -2,364 | 87,730 | 125,541 |
| 1997 | 4,041 | -2,153 | 99,138 | 59,723 |
| 1996 | 3,993 | -1,974 | 98,884 | 54,964 |
| 1995 | 3,948 | -1,829 | 87,028 | 61,385 |
| 1994 | 3,860 | -1,644 | 127,304 | 45,339 |
| 1993 | 3,841 | -1,527 | 103,893 | 27,403 |
| 1992 | 3,822 | -1,432 | 149,709 | 17,846 |
| 1991 | 3,801 | -1,362 | 143,562 | 27,601 |
| 1990 | 3,719 | -727 | 154,569 | 57,132 |
| 1989 | 3,576 | -571 | 119,861 | 49,586 |
| 1988 | 3,544 | -465 | 136,628 | 13,952 |
| 1987 | 3,440 | -470 | 136,325 | 8,266 |
| 1986 | 3,180 | -614 | 90,690 | 41,836 |
| 1985 | 3,242 | -828 | 79,170 | 83,164 |
| 1984 | 3,163 | -1,041 | 84,633 | 71,107 |
| 1983 | 3,100 | -1,203 | 61,966 | 27,063 |
| 1982 | 3,047 | -1,203 | 56,314 | -61,152 |
| 1981 | 3,015 | -1,067 | 73,234 | -83,876 |
| 1980 | 2,965 | -770 | 95,734 | -25,187 |
| 1979 | 2,893 | -491 | 61,872 | 11,255 |
| 1978 | 2,800 | -279 | 16,859 | 3,783 |
| 1977 | 2,705 | -255 | 0 | -21,636 |
| 1976 | 2,608 | -302 | -5,621 | -19,135 |
| 1975 | 2,515 | -392 | 33,735 | -40,241 |
| 1974 | 2,422 | -474 | 67,476 | -65,710 |
| 1973 | 2,329 | -525 | 112,389 | -33,840 |
| 1972 | 2,232 | -517 | 162,650 | -1,406 |
| 1971 | 2,127 | -430 | 257,123 | 1,175 |
| 1970 | 1,980 | -279 | 244,918 | -15,254 |
| 1969 | 1,862 | -469 | 260,577 | -60,655 |
| 1968 | 1,767 | -520 | 292,622 | -38,852 |
| 1967 | 1,693 | -606 | 346,145 | -39,659 |
| 1966 | 1,642 | -688 | 333,356 | -27,935 |
| 1965 | 1,611 | -765 | 364,132 | -24,955 |
| 1964 | 1,600 | -819 | 405,000 | -23,885 |
| 1963 | 1,609 | -886 | 337,995 | 8,271 |
| 1962 | 1,625 | -927 | 340,800 | 76,443 |
| 1961 | 1,657 | -960 | 311,519 | 52,295 |
| 1960 | 1,547 | -860 | 314,400 | 19,953 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/sao-tome-and-principe/united-kingdom | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 81.6% of the population change in Sao Tome and Principe is from natural causes (a gain of 50,756 people) and 18.4% is from migration (a loss of 11,424 people). In the United Kingdom 19.8% is from natural causes (a gain of 839,593 people) and 80.2% is from migration (a gain of 3,394,124 people).
As of 2024, 1,955 residents or 0.8% of the population were not native-born in Sao Tome and Principe, compared to 11,845,479 people or 17.1% in the United Kingdom.
Biggest cities by population
|
Sao Tome
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Sao Tome | 65.5K |
| Trindade | 6.64K |
|
United Kingdom
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| London | 8.8M |
| Birmingham | 1.14M |
| Glasgow | 626K |
| Manchester | 548K |
| Leeds | 536K |
| Sheffield | 518K |
| Liverpool | 513K |
| Edinburgh | 488K |
| Bristol | 472K |
| Cardiff | 384K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Sao Tome and Principe and the United Kingdom
|
Sao Tome
|
United Kingdom
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 70.3 years | 81.7 years |
| Average age | 25.2 years | 41.5 years |
| Median age | 20.5 years | 41.1 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.7:50.3 | 49.3:50.7 |
| Fertility rate | 3.6 births per woman | 1.55 births per woman |
| Population density | 661 ppl/mi² | 748 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/sao-tome-and-principe/united-kingdom | CC BY
Help us show the world through your eyes
Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.
Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.