The latest officially reported population of Singapore was 6,036,860 in 2024 vs 64,007,187 people in South Africa in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Singapore's population is 6,125,852 people compared to 65,683,993 in South Africa.
Population statistics:
- South Africa's population is 10.7 times bigger than Singapore's.
- Singapore is ranked the 113th most populous country in the world, while South Africa is the 24th.
- The countries together account for 0.87% of the world: 0.07% for Singapore vs 0.79% for South Africa.
- For the last 10 years, Singapore has had an average growth rate of +1.04% per year vs +1.44% in South Africa.
- Since 2006, the population of Singapore has increased from 4.4M people to 6.13M (39.2% growth), while South Africa has grown from 50M to 65.7M (31.4% growth).
Singapore vs South Africa: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Singapore
|
South Africa
|
|
| 2100 | 4,344,248 | 94,767,727 |
| 2099 | 4,387,645 | 94,556,931 |
| 2098 | 4,435,189 | 94,349,546 |
| 2097 | 4,483,484 | 94,158,472 |
| 2096 | 4,533,994 | 93,960,605 |
| 2095 | 4,585,243 | 93,752,736 |
| 2094 | 4,639,568 | 93,527,902 |
| 2093 | 4,692,749 | 93,300,398 |
| 2092 | 4,745,364 | 93,074,837 |
| 2091 | 4,802,089 | 92,826,204 |
| 2090 | 4,859,572 | 92,594,033 |
| 2089 | 4,919,853 | 92,355,184 |
| 2088 | 4,977,701 | 92,112,914 |
| 2087 | 5,036,662 | 91,866,024 |
| 2086 | 5,096,772 | 91,614,165 |
| 2085 | 5,155,480 | 91,385,350 |
| 2084 | 5,212,381 | 91,139,318 |
| 2083 | 5,269,612 | 90,877,425 |
| 2082 | 5,327,281 | 90,615,359 |
| 2081 | 5,383,608 | 90,345,492 |
| 2080 | 5,438,023 | 90,071,835 |
| 2079 | 5,491,695 | 89,801,998 |
| 2078 | 5,541,781 | 89,526,224 |
| 2077 | 5,589,429 | 89,249,206 |
| 2076 | 5,632,686 | 88,986,114 |
| 2075 | 5,679,862 | 88,713,215 |
| 2074 | 5,725,351 | 88,428,616 |
| 2073 | 5,764,008 | 88,149,885 |
| 2072 | 5,799,655 | 87,866,246 |
| 2071 | 5,833,262 | 87,540,177 |
| 2070 | 5,864,115 | 87,209,425 |
| 2069 | 5,896,709 | 86,901,512 |
| 2068 | 5,927,631 | 86,588,742 |
| 2067 | 5,955,955 | 86,268,392 |
| 2066 | 5,988,826 | 85,935,310 |
| 2065 | 6,020,244 | 85,604,376 |
| 2064 | 6,046,805 | 85,244,950 |
| 2063 | 6,069,231 | 84,875,503 |
| 2062 | 6,093,782 | 84,503,237 |
| 2061 | 6,116,847 | 84,132,885 |
| 2060 | 6,142,295 | 83,748,999 |
| 2059 | 6,163,191 | 83,354,923 |
| 2058 | 6,185,611 | 82,947,675 |
| 2057 | 6,203,303 | 82,538,045 |
| 2056 | 6,221,491 | 82,127,477 |
| 2055 | 6,240,206 | 81,698,196 |
| 2054 | 6,261,488 | 81,255,867 |
| 2053 | 6,277,678 | 80,818,632 |
| 2052 | 6,290,046 | 80,367,409 |
| 2051 | 6,307,270 | 79,886,672 |
| 2050 | 6,325,698 | 79,411,977 |
| 2049 | 6,342,616 | 78,925,493 |
| 2048 | 6,355,818 | 78,437,677 |
| 2047 | 6,373,684 | 77,922,211 |
| 2046 | 6,387,901 | 77,397,298 |
| 2045 | 6,399,811 | 76,879,838 |
| 2044 | 6,412,802 | 76,357,155 |
| 2043 | 6,420,804 | 75,827,709 |
| 2042 | 6,427,555 | 75,291,615 |
| 2041 | 6,433,153 | 74,748,408 |
| 2040 | 6,434,727 | 74,205,530 |
| 2039 | 6,431,367 | 73,663,047 |
| 2038 | 6,422,540 | 73,105,930 |
| 2037 | 6,410,923 | 72,532,742 |
| 2036 | 6,398,937 | 71,956,247 |
| 2035 | 6,382,637 | 71,362,555 |
| 2034 | 6,360,610 | 70,762,815 |
| 2033 | 6,333,556 | 70,153,205 |
| 2032 | 6,306,749 | 69,527,410 |
| 2031 | 6,277,847 | 68,890,002 |
| 2030 | 6,250,608 | 68,245,372 |
| 2029 | 6,221,161 | 67,573,179 |
| 2028 | 6,186,754 | 66,884,377 |
| 2027 | 6,150,947 | 66,190,258 |
| 2026 | 6,116,548 | 65,496,277 |
| 2025 | 6,078,250 | 64,770,314 |
| 2024 | 6,036,860 | 64,007,187 |
| 2023 | 5,917,648 | 63,212,384 |
| 2022 | 5,637,022 | 62,378,410 |
| 2021 | 5,453,566 | 61,502,603 |
| 2020 | 5,685,807 | 60,562,381 |
| 2019 | 5,703,569 | 59,587,885 |
| 2018 | 5,638,676 | 58,613,001 |
| 2017 | 5,612,253 | 57,635,162 |
| 2016 | 5,607,283 | 57,259,551 |
| 2015 | 5,535,002 | 56,723,537 |
| 2014 | 5,469,724 | 55,594,838 |
| 2013 | 5,399,162 | 54,678,791 |
| 2012 | 5,312,437 | 53,782,567 |
| 2011 | 5,183,688 | 52,995,205 |
| 2010 | 5,076,732 | 52,344,051 |
| 2009 | 4,987,573 | 51,728,516 |
| 2008 | 4,839,396 | 51,114,599 |
| 2007 | 4,588,599 | 50,528,584 |
| 2006 | 4,401,365 | 49,998,277 |
| 2005 | 4,265,762 | 49,490,033 |
| 2004 | 4,166,664 | 48,991,421 |
| 2003 | 4,114,826 | 48,500,348 |
| 2002 | 4,175,950 | 48,019,415 |
| 2001 | 4,138,012 | 47,566,800 |
| 2000 | 4,027,887 | 47,159,719 |
| 1999 | 3,958,723 | 46,730,335 |
| 1998 | 3,927,213 | 46,223,880 |
| 1997 | 3,796,038 | 45,666,838 |
| 1996 | 3,670,704 | 45,123,018 |
| 1995 | 3,524,506 | 44,541,554 |
| 1994 | 3,419,048 | 44,004,139 |
| 1993 | 3,313,471 | 43,297,156 |
| 1992 | 3,230,698 | 42,443,509 |
| 1991 | 3,135,083 | 41,687,898 |
| 1990 | 3,047,132 | 40,746,268 |
| 1989 | 2,930,901 | 39,628,575 |
| 1988 | 2,846,108 | 38,480,649 |
| 1987 | 2,774,789 | 37,326,190 |
| 1986 | 2,733,373 | 36,180,515 |
| 1985 | 2,735,957 | 35,042,093 |
| 1984 | 2,732,221 | 33,892,788 |
| 1983 | 2,681,061 | 32,739,304 |
| 1982 | 2,646,466 | 31,615,339 |
| 1981 | 2,532,835 | 30,541,044 |
| 1980 | 2,413,945 | 29,518,857 |
| 1979 | 2,383,500 | 28,634,162 |
| 1978 | 2,353,600 | 27,869,507 |
| 1977 | 2,325,300 | 27,118,952 |
| 1976 | 2,293,300 | 26,395,450 |
| 1975 | 2,262,600 | 25,690,940 |
| 1974 | 2,229,800 | 24,989,108 |
| 1973 | 2,193,000 | 24,294,263 |
| 1972 | 2,152,400 | 23,609,456 |
| 1971 | 2,112,900 | 22,942,143 |
| 1970 | 2,074,507 | 22,279,984 |
| 1969 | 2,042,500 | 21,614,676 |
| 1968 | 2,012,000 | 20,957,287 |
| 1967 | 1,977,600 | 20,314,066 |
| 1966 | 1,934,400 | 19,690,087 |
| 1965 | 1,886,900 | 19,089,380 |
| 1964 | 1,841,600 | 18,511,361 |
| 1963 | 1,795,000 | 17,954,564 |
| 1962 | 1,750,200 | 17,418,522 |
| 1961 | 1,702,400 | 16,908,035 |
| 1960 | 1,646,400 | 16,440,172 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/singapore/south-africa | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Singapore increased by 1,205,918 people (a 27.4% growth), while South Africa gained 7,261,274 people (a 14.5% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Singapore gained 518,569 people (a 9.25% growth), while South Africa's population increased by 8,424,442 people (a 14.7% growth).
Singapore was ranked 117th most populous country in 2006 and is 113th in 2026. South Africa was ranked 24th in 2006 and still ranked 24th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Singapore's population will grow by 3.26% to 6,325,698 people with a rank change from 113th to 118th. The population of South Africa will increase by 20.9% to 79,411,977 people and rank change from 24th to 23rd.
Singapore is projected to reach its peak in 2040 at 6.43M people compared to the peak of 94.8M people in 2100 for South Africa.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Singapore
|
South Africa
|
|
| 2100 | -0.99% | 0.22% |
| 2099 | -1.07% | 0.22% |
| 2098 | -1.08% | 0.2% |
| 2097 | -1.11% | 0.21% |
| 2096 | -1.12% | 0.22% |
| 2095 | -1.17% | 0.24% |
| 2094 | -1.13% | 0.24% |
| 2093 | -1.11% | 0.24% |
| 2092 | -1.18% | 0.27% |
| 2091 | -1.18% | 0.25% |
| 2090 | -1.23% | 0.26% |
| 2089 | -1.16% | 0.26% |
| 2088 | -1.17% | 0.27% |
| 2087 | -1.18% | 0.27% |
| 2086 | -1.14% | 0.25% |
| 2085 | -1.09% | 0.27% |
| 2084 | -1.09% | 0.29% |
| 2083 | -1.08% | 0.29% |
| 2082 | -1.05% | 0.3% |
| 2081 | -1% | 0.3% |
| 2080 | -0.98% | 0.3% |
| 2079 | -0.9% | 0.31% |
| 2078 | -0.85% | 0.31% |
| 2077 | -0.77% | 0.3% |
| 2076 | -0.83% | 0.31% |
| 2075 | -0.79% | 0.32% |
| 2074 | -0.67% | 0.32% |
| 2073 | -0.61% | 0.32% |
| 2072 | -0.58% | 0.37% |
| 2071 | -0.53% | 0.38% |
| 2070 | -0.55% | 0.35% |
| 2069 | -0.52% | 0.36% |
| 2068 | -0.48% | 0.37% |
| 2067 | -0.55% | 0.39% |
| 2066 | -0.52% | 0.39% |
| 2065 | -0.44% | 0.42% |
| 2064 | -0.37% | 0.44% |
| 2063 | -0.4% | 0.44% |
| 2062 | -0.38% | 0.44% |
| 2061 | -0.41% | 0.46% |
| 2060 | -0.34% | 0.47% |
| 2059 | -0.36% | 0.49% |
| 2058 | -0.29% | 0.5% |
| 2057 | -0.29% | 0.5% |
| 2056 | -0.3% | 0.53% |
| 2055 | -0.34% | 0.54% |
| 2054 | -0.26% | 0.54% |
| 2053 | -0.2% | 0.56% |
| 2052 | -0.27% | 0.6% |
| 2051 | -0.29% | 0.6% |
| 2050 | -0.27% | 0.62% |
| 2049 | -0.21% | 0.62% |
| 2048 | -0.28% | 0.66% |
| 2047 | -0.22% | 0.68% |
| 2046 | -0.19% | 0.67% |
| 2045 | -0.2% | 0.68% |
| 2044 | -0.12% | 0.7% |
| 2043 | -0.11% | 0.71% |
| 2042 | -0.09% | 0.73% |
| 2041 | -0.02% | 0.73% |
| 2040 | 0.05% | 0.74% |
| 2039 | 0.14% | 0.76% |
| 2038 | 0.18% | 0.79% |
| 2037 | 0.19% | 0.8% |
| 2036 | 0.26% | 0.83% |
| 2035 | 0.35% | 0.85% |
| 2034 | 0.43% | 0.87% |
| 2033 | 0.43% | 0.9% |
| 2032 | 0.46% | 0.93% |
| 2031 | 0.44% | 0.94% |
| 2030 | 0.47% | 0.99% |
| 2029 | 0.56% | 1.03% |
| 2028 | 0.58% | 1.05% |
| 2027 | 0.56% | 1.06% |
| 2026 | 0.63% | 1.12% |
| 2025 | 0.69% | 1.19% |
| 2024 | 2.01% | 1.26% |
| 2023 | 4.98% | 1.34% |
| 2022 | 3.36% | 1.42% |
| 2021 | -4.08% | 1.55% |
| 2020 | -0.31% | 1.64% |
| 2019 | 1.15% | 1.66% |
| 2018 | 0.47% | 1.7% |
| 2017 | 0.09% | 0.66% |
| 2016 | 1.31% | 0.94% |
| 2015 | 1.19% | 2.03% |
| 2014 | 1.31% | 1.68% |
| 2013 | 1.63% | 1.67% |
| 2012 | 2.48% | 1.49% |
| 2011 | 2.11% | 1.24% |
| 2010 | 1.79% | 1.19% |
| 2009 | 3.06% | 1.2% |
| 2008 | 5.47% | 1.16% |
| 2007 | 4.25% | 1.06% |
| 2006 | 3.18% | 1.03% |
| 2005 | 2.38% | 1.02% |
| 2004 | 1.26% | 1.01% |
| 2003 | -1.46% | 1% |
| 2002 | 0.92% | 0.95% |
| 2001 | 2.73% | 0.86% |
| 2000 | 1.75% | 0.92% |
| 1999 | 0.8% | 1.1% |
| 1998 | 3.46% | 1.22% |
| 1997 | 3.41% | 1.21% |
| 1996 | 4.15% | 1.31% |
| 1995 | 3.08% | 1.22% |
| 1994 | 3.19% | 1.63% |
| 1993 | 2.56% | 2.01% |
| 1992 | 3.05% | 1.81% |
| 1991 | 2.89% | 2.31% |
| 1990 | 3.97% | 2.82% |
| 1989 | 2.98% | 2.98% |
| 1988 | 2.57% | 3.09% |
| 1987 | 1.52% | 3.17% |
| 1986 | -0.09% | 3.25% |
| 1985 | 0.14% | 3.39% |
| 1984 | 1.91% | 3.52% |
| 1983 | 1.31% | 3.56% |
| 1982 | 4.49% | 3.52% |
| 1981 | 4.93% | 3.46% |
| 1980 | 1.28% | 3.09% |
| 1979 | 1.27% | 2.74% |
| 1978 | 1.22% | 2.77% |
| 1977 | 1.4% | 2.74% |
| 1976 | 1.36% | 2.74% |
| 1975 | 1.47% | 2.81% |
| 1974 | 1.68% | 2.86% |
| 1973 | 1.89% | 2.9% |
| 1972 | 1.87% | 2.91% |
| 1971 | 1.85% | 2.97% |
| 1970 | 1.57% | 3.08% |
| 1969 | 1.52% | 3.14% |
| 1968 | 1.74% | 3.17% |
| 1967 | 2.23% | 3.17% |
| 1966 | 2.52% | 3.15% |
| 1965 | 2.46% | 3.12% |
| 1964 | 2.6% | 3.1% |
| 1963 | 2.56% | 3.08% |
| 1962 | 2.81% | 3.02% |
| 1961 | 3.4% | 2.85% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/singapore/south-africa | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Singapore grew by 2.01%, while South Africa's population grew by 1.26%.
Live population counters
|
Singapore
|
South Africa
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
6125852
|
65683993
|
| Population rank | 113/197 | 24/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.07% | 0.79% |
| One net population change |
4.41 minutes
|
39.7 seconds
|
| One birth every |
12 minutes
|
26.6 seconds
|
| One death every |
14.3 minutes
|
54 seconds
|
| Daily growth/decline | +327 | +2,178 |
| Annual growth/decline | +119,212 | +794,803 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.01% | +1.26% |
| Population growth rate rank | 50/197 | 85/197 |
| One migration net change every |
31.2 minutes
|
3.6 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +16,892 | +146,370 |
| Net migration rank | 36/196 | 9/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 2,841,665 | 2,631,100 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 26/195 | 28/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 48.7% | 4.1% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 9/195 | 105/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Singapore
|
South Africa
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 16,892 | - | 146,370 |
| 2024 | - | 20,011 | - | 166,972 |
| 2023 | 7,101 | 26,996 | 602,793 | 228,222 |
| 2022 | 9,019 | 214,842 | 603,636 | 233,284 |
| 2021 | 15,270 | -44,030 | 456,411 | 458,246 |
| 2020 | 18,763 | -145,556 | 595,873 | 369,901 |
| 2019 | 21,674 | 870 | 652,130 | 331,124 |
| 2018 | 21,427 | 21,820 | 648,319 | 318,260 |
| 2017 | 21,888 | -8,880 | 645,975 | 343,146 |
| 2016 | 25,794 | 13,737 | 641,365 | -879,235 |
| 2015 | 27,121 | 41,852 | 668,771 | 641,150 |
| 2014 | 27,896 | 40,154 | 674,754 | 272,697 |
| 2013 | 25,376 | 52,176 | 652,427 | 232,230 |
| 2012 | 29,750 | 78,501 | 643,723 | 264,091 |
| 2011 | 25,919 | 89,856 | 601,708 | 65,166 |
| 2010 | 24,876 | 72,571 | 566,834 | 68,563 |
| 2009 | 27,930 | 95,841 | 554,115 | 41,528 |
| 2008 | 28,068 | 176,182 | 595,332 | 36,869 |
| 2007 | 26,614 | 192,292 | 503,567 | 36,339 |
| 2006 | 25,968 | 135,625 | 487,584 | 33,159 |
| 2005 | 24,741 | 92,023 | 464,464 | 31,286 |
| 2004 | 24,583 | 50,487 | 442,540 | 58,924 |
| 2003 | 24,689 | -30,012 | 415,018 | 65,604 |
| 2002 | 29,231 | -40,023 | 430,926 | 50,313 |
| 2001 | 31,035 | 45,027 | 484,801 | -60,793 |
| 2000 | 37,057 | 55,218 | 526,963 | -136,794 |
| 1999 | 32,857 | 19,681 | 594,643 | -126,011 |
| 1998 | 33,381 | 51,905 | 627,027 | -82,722 |
| 1997 | 37,960 | 95,241 | 667,969 | -98,181 |
| 1996 | 38,542 | 102,018 | 710,868 | -193,007 |
| 1995 | 38,065 | 91,947 | 743,488 | -98,403 |
| 1994 | 39,319 | 71,170 | 698,609 | -268,849 |
| 1993 | 40,425 | 58,820 | 789,220 | 194,977 |
| 1992 | 39,091 | 54,359 | 794,415 | -71,342 |
| 1991 | 39,188 | 57,821 | 827,296 | -39,131 |
| 1990 | 41,136 | 66,950 | 835,421 | 259,718 |
| 1989 | 36,929 | 68,031 | 884,629 | 255,605 |
| 1988 | 42,407 | 40,976 | 909,221 | 246,382 |
| 1987 | 33,020 | 25,411 | 922,330 | 231,009 |
| 1986 | 27,880 | -7,858 | 903,644 | 234,378 |
| 1985 | 32,010 | -31,036 | 893,889 | 244,940 |
| 1984 | 31,967 | -4,396 | 869,011 | 290,789 |
| 1983 | 30,296 | 11,699 | 837,013 | 310,172 |
| 1982 | 33,346 | 41,568 | 807,550 | 293,195 |
| 1981 | 32,167 | 85,869 | 767,833 | 279,985 |
| 1980 | 30,657 | 42,433 | 738,415 | 258,127 |
| 1979 | 28,363 | -2,384 | 716,541 | 56,323 |
| 1978 | 27,537 | 436 | 694,341 | 62,121 |
| 1977 | 26,508 | 2,757 | 680,929 | 63,739 |
| 1976 | 31,189 | 949 | 675,011 | 27,333 |
| 1975 | 28,509 | 4,104 | 667,862 | 38,809 |
| 1974 | 31,664 | 2,748 | 658,438 | 38,518 |
| 1973 | 36,404 | -495 | 651,596 | 41,125 |
| 1972 | 38,098 | -1,631 | 638,754 | 38,163 |
| 1971 | 35,708 | 573 | 624,761 | 32,961 |
| 1970 | 35,059 | 4,024 | 605,102 | 61,514 |
| 1969 | 34,314 | 6,763 | 590,794 | 73,225 |
| 1968 | 36,216 | 6,792 | 571,841 | 78,932 |
| 1967 | 40,145 | 6,006 | 553,741 | 81,932 |
| 1966 | 44,298 | 3,507 | 534,862 | 77,417 |
| 1965 | 45,474 | 4,199 | 506,632 | 82,514 |
| 1964 | 47,697 | 3,043 | 490,606 | 76,298 |
| 1963 | 49,542 | 2,668 | 473,821 | 72,844 |
| 1962 | 48,830 | 3,714 | 455,634 | 69,771 |
| 1961 | 49,880 | 3,490 | 437,851 | 57,728 |
| 1960 | 51,533 | 2,008 | 421,263 | 18,891 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/singapore/south-africa | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 54.8% of the population change in Singapore is from natural causes (a gain of 195,953 people) and 45.2% is from migration (a gain of 161,805 people). In South Africa 72.8% is from natural causes (a gain of 6,190,027 people) and 27.2% is from migration (a gain of 2,316,795 people).
As of 2024, 2,841,665 residents or 48.7% of the population were not native-born in Singapore, compared to 2,631,100 people or 4.1% in South Africa.
Biggest cities by population
|
Singapore
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Singapore | 5.87M |
| Bukit Merah | 152K |
|
South Africa
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Johannesburg | 4.8M |
| Cape Town | 3.78M |
| Soweto | 1.27M |
| Pietermaritzburg | 839K |
| Pretoria | 742K |
| Durban | 595K |
| Rustenburg | 550K |
| Randburg | 337K |
| Port Elizabeth | 312K |
| East London | 267K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Singapore and South Africa
|
Singapore
|
South Africa
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 84.1 years | 66.7 years |
| Average age | 39.3 years | 31.1 years |
| Median age | 36.8 years | 29.5 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 51.7:48.3 | 48.7:51.3 |
| Fertility rate | 0.97 births per woman | 2.22 births per woman |
| Population density | 22,064 ppl/mi² | 139.8 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/singapore/south-africa | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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