The latest officially reported population of Eritrea was 3,607,003 in 2025 vs 135,472,051 people in Ethiopia in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Eritrea's population is 3,722,489 people compared to 140,722,974 in Ethiopia.
Population statistics:
- Ethiopia's population is 37.8 times bigger than Eritrea's.
- Eritrea is ranked the 131st most populous country in the world, while Ethiopia is the 10th.
- The countries together account for 1.74% of the world: 0.04% for Eritrea vs 1.69% for Ethiopia.
- For the last 10 years, Eritrea has had an average growth rate of +1.4% per year vs +2.69% in Ethiopia.
- Since 2006, the population of Eritrea has increased from 2.7M people to 3.72M (37.7% growth), while Ethiopia has grown from 80.7M to 141M (74.4% growth).
Eritrea vs Ethiopia: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Eritrea
|
Ethiopia
|
|
| 2100 | 8,522,007 | 371,078,260 |
| 2099 | 8,497,228 | 369,338,252 |
| 2098 | 8,474,268 | 367,513,542 |
| 2097 | 8,451,733 | 365,567,496 |
| 2096 | 8,429,569 | 363,536,294 |
| 2095 | 8,403,309 | 361,596,042 |
| 2094 | 8,377,316 | 359,531,317 |
| 2093 | 8,351,585 | 357,460,480 |
| 2092 | 8,316,183 | 355,389,829 |
| 2091 | 8,285,983 | 353,218,632 |
| 2090 | 8,250,998 | 350,960,021 |
| 2089 | 8,216,946 | 348,751,618 |
| 2088 | 8,179,696 | 346,517,326 |
| 2087 | 8,143,016 | 344,162,324 |
| 2086 | 8,100,028 | 341,671,994 |
| 2085 | 8,053,737 | 339,167,930 |
| 2084 | 8,006,588 | 336,649,520 |
| 2083 | 7,963,231 | 334,083,247 |
| 2082 | 7,918,571 | 331,401,460 |
| 2081 | 7,878,525 | 328,715,487 |
| 2080 | 7,822,491 | 326,013,981 |
| 2079 | 7,772,358 | 323,282,865 |
| 2078 | 7,718,520 | 320,422,535 |
| 2077 | 7,662,894 | 317,492,915 |
| 2076 | 7,607,491 | 314,518,328 |
| 2075 | 7,545,398 | 311,487,723 |
| 2074 | 7,490,761 | 308,416,133 |
| 2073 | 7,426,955 | 305,383,505 |
| 2072 | 7,364,831 | 302,258,564 |
| 2071 | 7,302,386 | 299,119,280 |
| 2070 | 7,237,419 | 295,963,235 |
| 2069 | 7,171,047 | 292,756,723 |
| 2068 | 7,100,633 | 289,522,748 |
| 2067 | 7,032,045 | 286,191,689 |
| 2066 | 6,958,496 | 282,905,709 |
| 2065 | 6,890,246 | 279,576,283 |
| 2064 | 6,820,756 | 276,197,958 |
| 2063 | 6,739,056 | 272,782,685 |
| 2062 | 6,665,261 | 269,340,926 |
| 2061 | 6,586,585 | 265,803,351 |
| 2060 | 6,506,537 | 262,269,354 |
| 2059 | 6,427,830 | 258,692,767 |
| 2058 | 6,348,527 | 255,205,644 |
| 2057 | 6,270,841 | 251,656,356 |
| 2056 | 6,199,452 | 248,002,497 |
| 2055 | 6,119,360 | 244,426,069 |
| 2054 | 6,044,997 | 240,794,405 |
| 2053 | 5,962,464 | 237,155,110 |
| 2052 | 5,877,006 | 233,479,314 |
| 2051 | 5,796,079 | 229,733,593 |
| 2050 | 5,715,974 | 226,055,085 |
| 2049 | 5,637,011 | 222,351,471 |
| 2048 | 5,554,665 | 218,627,197 |
| 2047 | 5,473,222 | 214,883,954 |
| 2046 | 5,391,902 | 211,161,780 |
| 2045 | 5,305,072 | 207,461,987 |
| 2044 | 5,220,319 | 203,749,820 |
| 2043 | 5,136,101 | 200,035,613 |
| 2042 | 5,048,602 | 196,351,202 |
| 2041 | 4,964,690 | 192,689,672 |
| 2040 | 4,875,172 | 189,023,384 |
| 2039 | 4,786,431 | 185,365,776 |
| 2038 | 4,697,052 | 181,733,067 |
| 2037 | 4,603,709 | 178,124,993 |
| 2036 | 4,510,757 | 174,515,366 |
| 2035 | 4,424,170 | 170,904,339 |
| 2034 | 4,336,556 | 167,316,305 |
| 2033 | 4,251,927 | 163,763,376 |
| 2032 | 4,168,824 | 160,167,364 |
| 2031 | 4,087,276 | 156,590,018 |
| 2030 | 4,002,343 | 153,023,174 |
| 2029 | 3,921,145 | 149,461,578 |
| 2028 | 3,839,994 | 145,944,350 |
| 2027 | 3,759,928 | 142,419,893 |
| 2026 | 3,682,948 | 138,930,724 |
| 2025 | 3,607,003 | 135,472,051 |
| 2024 | 3,535,603 | 132,059,767 |
| 2023 | 3,470,390 | 128,691,692 |
| 2022 | 3,409,447 | 125,384,287 |
| 2021 | 3,350,183 | 122,138,588 |
| 2020 | 3,291,271 | 118,917,671 |
| 2019 | 3,240,194 | 115,737,383 |
| 2018 | 3,192,760 | 112,664,152 |
| 2017 | 3,150,347 | 109,666,481 |
| 2016 | 3,124,698 | 106,718,162 |
| 2015 | 3,105,546 | 103,867,135 |
| 2014 | 3,095,173 | 101,115,610 |
| 2013 | 3,074,360 | 98,438,751 |
| 2012 | 3,036,988 | 95,798,767 |
| 2011 | 2,998,485 | 93,149,970 |
| 2010 | 2,945,186 | 90,538,514 |
| 2009 | 2,887,885 | 88,007,636 |
| 2008 | 2,816,327 | 85,543,668 |
| 2007 | 2,743,222 | 83,103,217 |
| 2006 | 2,703,502 | 80,703,490 |
| 2005 | 2,661,215 | 78,367,470 |
| 2004 | 2,598,284 | 76,077,206 |
| 2003 | 2,493,903 | 73,832,663 |
| 2002 | 2,392,978 | 71,635,517 |
| 2001 | 2,312,079 | 69,487,762 |
| 2000 | 2,247,031 | 67,411,494 |
| 1999 | 2,212,780 | 65,374,561 |
| 1998 | 2,180,419 | 63,363,524 |
| 1997 | 2,152,135 | 61,404,539 |
| 1996 | 2,128,464 | 59,467,635 |
| 1995 | 2,025,267 | 57,537,335 |
| 1994 | 1,913,915 | 55,611,508 |
| 1993 | 1,856,006 | 53,708,891 |
| 1992 | 1,798,748 | 51,853,747 |
| 1991 | 1,919,571 | 49,717,198 |
| 1990 | 2,032,737 | 47,609,755 |
| 1989 | 1,987,017 | 45,879,690 |
| 1988 | 1,938,255 | 44,150,825 |
| 1987 | 1,888,669 | 42,460,039 |
| 1986 | 1,845,164 | 41,037,656 |
| 1985 | 1,807,816 | 39,842,136 |
| 1984 | 1,771,730 | 38,735,722 |
| 1983 | 1,736,160 | 37,740,817 |
| 1982 | 1,695,461 | 36,701,290 |
| 1981 | 1,649,939 | 35,304,012 |
| 1980 | 1,605,797 | 34,428,514 |
| 1979 | 1,563,332 | 34,238,652 |
| 1978 | 1,522,378 | 33,734,592 |
| 1977 | 1,482,565 | 33,167,272 |
| 1976 | 1,443,807 | 32,534,418 |
| 1975 | 1,408,210 | 31,723,252 |
| 1974 | 1,375,688 | 30,957,273 |
| 1973 | 1,342,669 | 30,166,785 |
| 1972 | 1,309,235 | 29,374,608 |
| 1971 | 1,276,154 | 28,600,106 |
| 1970 | 1,243,453 | 27,829,128 |
| 1969 | 1,212,005 | 27,072,571 |
| 1968 | 1,181,737 | 26,337,930 |
| 1967 | 1,152,339 | 25,620,276 |
| 1966 | 1,124,957 | 24,952,689 |
| 1965 | 1,098,335 | 24,310,612 |
| 1964 | 1,071,287 | 23,666,548 |
| 1963 | 1,045,092 | 23,051,637 |
| 1962 | 1,019,788 | 22,465,126 |
| 1961 | 995,573 | 21,906,102 |
| 1960 | 972,547 | 21,376,693 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/eritrea/ethiopia | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Eritrea increased by 421,196 people (a 15.6% growth), while Ethiopia gained 26,014,672 people (a 32.2% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Eritrea gained 597,791 people (a 19.1% growth), while Ethiopia's population increased by 34,004,812 people (a 31.9% growth).
Eritrea was ranked 135th most populous country in 2006 and is 131st in 2026. Ethiopia was ranked 16th in 2006 and ranked 10th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Eritrea's population will grow by 53.6% to 5,715,974 people with a rank change from 131st to 123rd. The population of Ethiopia will increase by 60.6% to 226,055,085 people and rank change from 10th to 7th.
Eritrea is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 8.52M people compared to the peak of 371M people in 2100 for Ethiopia.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Eritrea
|
Ethiopia
|
|
| 2100 | 0.29% | 0.47% |
| 2099 | 0.27% | 0.5% |
| 2098 | 0.27% | 0.53% |
| 2097 | 0.26% | 0.56% |
| 2096 | 0.31% | 0.54% |
| 2095 | 0.31% | 0.57% |
| 2094 | 0.31% | 0.58% |
| 2093 | 0.43% | 0.58% |
| 2092 | 0.36% | 0.61% |
| 2091 | 0.42% | 0.64% |
| 2090 | 0.41% | 0.63% |
| 2089 | 0.46% | 0.64% |
| 2088 | 0.45% | 0.68% |
| 2087 | 0.53% | 0.73% |
| 2086 | 0.57% | 0.74% |
| 2085 | 0.59% | 0.75% |
| 2084 | 0.54% | 0.77% |
| 2083 | 0.56% | 0.81% |
| 2082 | 0.51% | 0.82% |
| 2081 | 0.72% | 0.83% |
| 2080 | 0.65% | 0.84% |
| 2079 | 0.7% | 0.89% |
| 2078 | 0.73% | 0.92% |
| 2077 | 0.73% | 0.95% |
| 2076 | 0.82% | 0.97% |
| 2075 | 0.73% | 1% |
| 2074 | 0.86% | 0.99% |
| 2073 | 0.84% | 1.03% |
| 2072 | 0.86% | 1.05% |
| 2071 | 0.9% | 1.07% |
| 2070 | 0.93% | 1.1% |
| 2069 | 0.99% | 1.12% |
| 2068 | 0.98% | 1.16% |
| 2067 | 1.06% | 1.16% |
| 2066 | 0.99% | 1.19% |
| 2065 | 1.02% | 1.22% |
| 2064 | 1.21% | 1.25% |
| 2063 | 1.11% | 1.28% |
| 2062 | 1.19% | 1.33% |
| 2061 | 1.23% | 1.35% |
| 2060 | 1.22% | 1.38% |
| 2059 | 1.25% | 1.37% |
| 2058 | 1.24% | 1.41% |
| 2057 | 1.15% | 1.47% |
| 2056 | 1.31% | 1.46% |
| 2055 | 1.23% | 1.51% |
| 2054 | 1.38% | 1.53% |
| 2053 | 1.45% | 1.57% |
| 2052 | 1.4% | 1.63% |
| 2051 | 1.4% | 1.63% |
| 2050 | 1.4% | 1.67% |
| 2049 | 1.48% | 1.7% |
| 2048 | 1.49% | 1.74% |
| 2047 | 1.51% | 1.76% |
| 2046 | 1.64% | 1.78% |
| 2045 | 1.62% | 1.82% |
| 2044 | 1.64% | 1.86% |
| 2043 | 1.73% | 1.88% |
| 2042 | 1.69% | 1.9% |
| 2041 | 1.84% | 1.94% |
| 2040 | 1.85% | 1.97% |
| 2039 | 1.9% | 2% |
| 2038 | 2.03% | 2.03% |
| 2037 | 2.06% | 2.07% |
| 2036 | 1.96% | 2.11% |
| 2035 | 2.02% | 2.14% |
| 2034 | 1.99% | 2.17% |
| 2033 | 1.99% | 2.25% |
| 2032 | 2% | 2.28% |
| 2031 | 2.12% | 2.33% |
| 2030 | 2.07% | 2.38% |
| 2029 | 2.11% | 2.41% |
| 2028 | 2.13% | 2.47% |
| 2027 | 2.09% | 2.51% |
| 2026 | 2.11% | 2.55% |
| 2025 | 2.02% | 2.58% |
| 2024 | 1.88% | 2.62% |
| 2023 | 1.79% | 2.64% |
| 2022 | 1.77% | 2.66% |
| 2021 | 1.79% | 2.71% |
| 2020 | 1.58% | 2.75% |
| 2019 | 1.49% | 2.73% |
| 2018 | 1.35% | 2.73% |
| 2017 | 0.82% | 2.76% |
| 2016 | 0.62% | 2.74% |
| 2015 | 0.34% | 2.72% |
| 2014 | 0.68% | 2.72% |
| 2013 | 1.23% | 2.76% |
| 2012 | 1.28% | 2.84% |
| 2011 | 1.81% | 2.88% |
| 2010 | 1.98% | 2.88% |
| 2009 | 2.54% | 2.88% |
| 2008 | 2.66% | 2.94% |
| 2007 | 1.47% | 2.97% |
| 2006 | 1.59% | 2.98% |
| 2005 | 2.42% | 3.01% |
| 2004 | 4.19% | 3.04% |
| 2003 | 4.22% | 3.07% |
| 2002 | 3.5% | 3.09% |
| 2001 | 2.89% | 3.08% |
| 2000 | 1.55% | 3.12% |
| 1999 | 1.48% | 3.17% |
| 1998 | 1.31% | 3.19% |
| 1997 | 1.11% | 3.26% |
| 1996 | 5.1% | 3.35% |
| 1995 | 5.82% | 3.46% |
| 1994 | 3.12% | 3.54% |
| 1993 | 3.18% | 3.58% |
| 1992 | -6.29% | 4.3% |
| 1991 | -5.57% | 4.43% |
| 1990 | 2.3% | 3.77% |
| 1989 | 2.52% | 3.92% |
| 1988 | 2.63% | 3.98% |
| 1987 | 2.36% | 3.47% |
| 1986 | 2.07% | 3% |
| 1985 | 2.04% | 2.86% |
| 1984 | 2.05% | 2.64% |
| 1983 | 2.4% | 2.83% |
| 1982 | 2.76% | 3.96% |
| 1981 | 2.75% | 2.54% |
| 1980 | 2.72% | 0.55% |
| 1979 | 2.69% | 1.49% |
| 1978 | 2.69% | 1.71% |
| 1977 | 2.68% | 1.95% |
| 1976 | 2.53% | 2.56% |
| 1975 | 2.36% | 2.47% |
| 1974 | 2.46% | 2.62% |
| 1973 | 2.55% | 2.7% |
| 1972 | 2.59% | 2.71% |
| 1971 | 2.63% | 2.77% |
| 1970 | 2.59% | 2.79% |
| 1969 | 2.56% | 2.79% |
| 1968 | 2.55% | 2.8% |
| 1967 | 2.43% | 2.68% |
| 1966 | 2.42% | 2.64% |
| 1965 | 2.52% | 2.72% |
| 1964 | 2.51% | 2.67% |
| 1963 | 2.48% | 2.61% |
| 1962 | 2.43% | 2.55% |
| 1961 | 2.37% | 2.48% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/eritrea/ethiopia | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Eritrea grew by 2.02%, while Ethiopia's population grew by 2.58%.
Live population counters
|
Eritrea
|
Ethiopia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
3722489
|
140722974
|
| Population rank | 131/197 | 10/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.04% | 1.69% |
| One net population change |
7.38 minutes
|
9.27 seconds
|
| One birth every |
5.18 minutes
|
7.59 seconds
|
| One death every |
24.8 minutes
|
40.6 seconds
|
| Daily growth/decline | +196 | +9,349 |
| Annual growth/decline | +71,400 | +3,412,284 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.02% | +2.58% |
| Population growth rate rank | 49/197 | 24/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.31 hours
|
21.9 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -6,698 | +24,054 |
| Net migration rank | 122/196 | 31/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 12,512 | 1,168,455 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 176/195 | 53/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.4% | 0.9% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 178/195 | 157/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Eritrea
|
Ethiopia
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -6,698 | - | 24,054 |
| 2024 | 80,343 | -12,696 | 3,379,409 | 30,069 |
| 2023 | 78,073 | -15,284 | 3,338,649 | -11,996 |
| 2022 | 76,221 | -17,134 | 3,300,114 | -11,996 |
| 2021 | 74,394 | -14,966 | 3,204,673 | -1,377 |
| 2020 | 73,362 | -14,967 | 3,199,718 | 38,866 |
| 2019 | 73,572 | -29,818 | 3,132,780 | -10,807 |
| 2018 | 72,511 | -21,403 | 3,015,231 | 9,302 |
| 2017 | 72,291 | -38,579 | 2,899,143 | 71,766 |
| 2016 | 73,002 | -55,431 | 2,809,889 | 115,823 |
| 2015 | 73,682 | -52,965 | 2,713,529 | 62,785 |
| 2014 | 75,729 | -75,696 | 2,623,647 | 103,122 |
| 2013 | 75,562 | -33,974 | 2,546,020 | 80,955 |
| 2012 | 76,416 | -43,269 | 2,533,398 | 119,517 |
| 2011 | 76,806 | -32,949 | 2,527,811 | 116,793 |
| 2010 | 76,098 | -13,361 | 2,498,048 | 80,213 |
| 2009 | 76,206 | -24,348 | 2,467,118 | 16,315 |
| 2008 | 73,391 | 17,855 | 2,465,283 | -20,780 |
| 2007 | 73,101 | -18,131 | 2,436,753 | -381 |
| 2006 | 74,470 | -49,998 | 2,393,585 | -30,512 |
| 2005 | 72,930 | -12,835 | 2,353,375 | -44,421 |
| 2004 | 72,147 | -6,374 | 2,296,999 | -25,430 |
| 2003 | 66,291 | 76,703 | 2,231,223 | -13,744 |
| 2002 | 65,436 | -6,574 | 2,189,683 | -12,925 |
| 2001 | 61,180 | 41,760 | 2,137,791 | -19,063 |
| 2000 | 60,274 | -33,133 | 2,083,622 | -49,891 |
| 1999 | 45,120 | -3,769 | 2,010,987 | 29,142 |
| 1998 | 55,332 | -31,951 | 1,984,989 | -3,011 |
| 1997 | 63,953 | -30,768 | 1,945,112 | -9,119 |
| 1996 | 66,557 | -52,421 | 1,896,364 | 41,456 |
| 1995 | 56,157 | 136,105 | 1,831,068 | 91,727 |
| 1994 | 56,288 | -25,841 | 1,788,133 | 140,715 |
| 1993 | 51,679 | 33,688 | 1,734,851 | 141,545 |
| 1992 | 51,443 | -22,293 | 1,673,839 | 160,106 |
| 1991 | 57,741 | -328,546 | 1,579,416 | 859,737 |
| 1990 | 56,903 | -12,425 | 1,479,663 | 296,014 |
| 1989 | 54,299 | -7,330 | 1,441,769 | 242,614 |
| 1988 | 54,163 | -3,612 | 1,393,356 | 379,966 |
| 1987 | 52,229 | -3,613 | 1,356,853 | 251,387 |
| 1986 | 39,470 | -1,073 | 1,050,277 | 186,227 |
| 1985 | 37,362 | -1,073 | 997,050 | 157,476 |
| 1984 | 35,101 | 772 | 920,670 | 137,632 |
| 1983 | 33,420 | 1,853 | 863,472 | 68,022 |
| 1982 | 44,146 | 1,985 | 1,080,853 | 66,702 |
| 1981 | 42,924 | 1,985 | 1,018,838 | 628,135 |
| 1980 | 41,392 | 1,985 | 1,007,516 | -903,529 |
| 1979 | 39,577 | 1,985 | 987,203 | -711,455 |
| 1978 | 38,353 | 1,985 | 943,388 | -210,991 |
| 1977 | 37,295 | 1,985 | 929,381 | -527,133 |
| 1976 | 36,250 | 1,985 | 899,577 | -36,125 |
| 1975 | 30,971 | 1,985 | 801,425 | -42,540 |
| 1974 | 30,111 | 1,985 | 777,306 | -4,232 |
| 1973 | 31,969 | 1,985 | 807,535 | 347 |
| 1972 | 30,951 | 1,953 | 779,808 | -3,375 |
| 1971 | 31,490 | 1,758 | 787,047 | -14,510 |
| 1970 | 30,686 | 1,480 | 760,821 | 8,589 |
| 1969 | 29,535 | 1,199 | 736,428 | 7,258 |
| 1968 | 28,777 | 1,013 | 715,602 | 9,992 |
| 1967 | 27,992 | 1,004 | 695,283 | 14,437 |
| 1966 | 24,713 | 1,063 | 616,281 | 9,160 |
| 1965 | 26,285 | 1,188 | 642,359 | 16,348 |
| 1964 | 25,327 | 1,300 | 618,667 | 10,749 |
| 1963 | 24,393 | 1,368 | 590,998 | 9,418 |
| 1962 | 23,478 | 1,364 | 563,650 | 8,960 |
| 1961 | 22,351 | 1,235 | 538,518 | 6,938 |
| 1960 | 21,424 | 1,045 | 511,694 | 1,696 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/eritrea/ethiopia | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 73.2% of the population change in Eritrea is from natural causes (a gain of 747,451 people) and 26.8% is from migration (a loss of 273,243 people). In Ethiopia 99.1% is from natural causes (a gain of 30,993,135 people) and 0.93% is from migration (a gain of 292,435 people).
As of 2024, 12,512 residents or 0.4% of the population were not native-born in Eritrea, compared to 1,168,455 people or 0.9% in Ethiopia.
Biggest cities by population
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Population differences between Eritrea and Ethiopia
|
Eritrea
|
Ethiopia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 69.4 years | 68.1 years |
| Average age | 24.8 years | 24 years |
| Median age | 20.2 years | 20.1 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.4:50.6 | 50.1:49.9 |
| Fertility rate | 3.68 births per woman | 3.91 births per woman |
| Population density | 78.7 ppl/mi² | 319 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/eritrea/ethiopia | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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