The latest officially reported population of Cape Verde was 527,326 in 2025 vs 135,472,051 people in Ethiopia in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Cape Verde's population is 530,853 people compared to 140,722,974 in Ethiopia.
Population statistics:
- Ethiopia's population is 265.1 times bigger than Cape Verde's.
- Cape Verde is ranked the 169th most populous country in the world, while Ethiopia is the 10th.
- The countries together account for 1.7% of the world: 0.006% for Cape Verde vs 1.69% for Ethiopia.
- For the last 10 years, Cape Verde has had an average growth rate of +0.26% per year vs +2.69% in Ethiopia.
- Since 2006, the population of Cape Verde has increased from 491K people to 531K (8.18% growth), while Ethiopia has grown from 80.7M to 141M (74.4% growth).
Cape Verde vs Ethiopia: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Cape Verde
|
Ethiopia
|
|
| 2100 | 419,997 | 371,078,260 |
| 2099 | 424,272 | 369,338,252 |
| 2098 | 428,479 | 367,513,542 |
| 2097 | 432,755 | 365,567,496 |
| 2096 | 437,010 | 363,536,294 |
| 2095 | 441,329 | 361,596,042 |
| 2094 | 445,663 | 359,531,317 |
| 2093 | 450,029 | 357,460,480 |
| 2092 | 454,324 | 355,389,829 |
| 2091 | 458,616 | 353,218,632 |
| 2090 | 462,925 | 350,960,021 |
| 2089 | 467,304 | 348,751,618 |
| 2088 | 471,550 | 346,517,326 |
| 2087 | 475,770 | 344,162,324 |
| 2086 | 479,948 | 341,671,994 |
| 2085 | 484,130 | 339,167,930 |
| 2084 | 488,284 | 336,649,520 |
| 2083 | 492,265 | 334,083,247 |
| 2082 | 496,287 | 331,401,460 |
| 2081 | 500,248 | 328,715,487 |
| 2080 | 504,114 | 326,013,981 |
| 2079 | 507,910 | 323,282,865 |
| 2078 | 511,491 | 320,422,535 |
| 2077 | 514,982 | 317,492,915 |
| 2076 | 518,448 | 314,518,328 |
| 2075 | 521,841 | 311,487,723 |
| 2074 | 525,092 | 308,416,133 |
| 2073 | 528,231 | 305,383,505 |
| 2072 | 531,275 | 302,258,564 |
| 2071 | 534,138 | 299,119,280 |
| 2070 | 537,082 | 295,963,235 |
| 2069 | 539,993 | 292,756,723 |
| 2068 | 542,768 | 289,522,748 |
| 2067 | 545,560 | 286,191,689 |
| 2066 | 548,154 | 282,905,709 |
| 2065 | 550,545 | 279,576,283 |
| 2064 | 552,744 | 276,197,958 |
| 2063 | 554,888 | 272,782,685 |
| 2062 | 556,973 | 269,340,926 |
| 2061 | 558,855 | 265,803,351 |
| 2060 | 560,518 | 262,269,354 |
| 2059 | 562,114 | 258,692,767 |
| 2058 | 563,436 | 255,205,644 |
| 2057 | 564,587 | 251,656,356 |
| 2056 | 565,521 | 248,002,497 |
| 2055 | 566,347 | 244,426,069 |
| 2054 | 567,010 | 240,794,405 |
| 2053 | 567,363 | 237,155,110 |
| 2052 | 567,478 | 233,479,314 |
| 2051 | 567,476 | 229,733,593 |
| 2050 | 567,344 | 226,055,085 |
| 2049 | 567,002 | 222,351,471 |
| 2048 | 566,562 | 218,627,197 |
| 2047 | 566,027 | 214,883,954 |
| 2046 | 565,225 | 211,161,780 |
| 2045 | 564,268 | 207,461,987 |
| 2044 | 563,194 | 203,749,820 |
| 2043 | 562,030 | 200,035,613 |
| 2042 | 560,769 | 196,351,202 |
| 2041 | 559,386 | 192,689,672 |
| 2040 | 557,874 | 189,023,384 |
| 2039 | 556,224 | 185,365,776 |
| 2038 | 554,435 | 181,733,067 |
| 2037 | 552,627 | 178,124,993 |
| 2036 | 550,801 | 174,515,366 |
| 2035 | 548,853 | 170,904,339 |
| 2034 | 546,915 | 167,316,305 |
| 2033 | 545,056 | 163,763,376 |
| 2032 | 542,980 | 160,167,364 |
| 2031 | 540,984 | 156,590,018 |
| 2030 | 538,671 | 153,023,174 |
| 2029 | 536,441 | 149,461,578 |
| 2028 | 534,196 | 145,944,350 |
| 2027 | 531,944 | 142,419,893 |
| 2026 | 529,702 | 138,930,724 |
| 2025 | 527,326 | 135,472,051 |
| 2024 | 524,877 | 132,059,767 |
| 2023 | 522,331 | 128,691,692 |
| 2022 | 519,741 | 125,384,287 |
| 2021 | 516,649 | 122,138,588 |
| 2020 | 514,679 | 118,917,671 |
| 2019 | 514,104 | 115,737,383 |
| 2018 | 513,415 | 112,664,152 |
| 2017 | 512,893 | 109,666,481 |
| 2016 | 512,554 | 106,718,162 |
| 2015 | 512,394 | 103,867,135 |
| 2014 | 512,326 | 101,115,610 |
| 2013 | 512,225 | 98,438,751 |
| 2012 | 511,955 | 95,798,767 |
| 2011 | 511,447 | 93,149,970 |
| 2010 | 509,784 | 90,538,514 |
| 2009 | 506,141 | 88,007,636 |
| 2008 | 501,355 | 85,543,668 |
| 2007 | 496,190 | 83,103,217 |
| 2006 | 490,728 | 80,703,490 |
| 2005 | 485,115 | 78,367,470 |
| 2004 | 479,370 | 76,077,206 |
| 2003 | 473,383 | 73,832,663 |
| 2002 | 467,046 | 71,635,517 |
| 2001 | 460,293 | 69,487,762 |
| 2000 | 453,317 | 67,411,494 |
| 1999 | 446,519 | 65,374,561 |
| 1998 | 439,784 | 63,363,524 |
| 1997 | 432,798 | 61,404,539 |
| 1996 | 425,581 | 59,467,635 |
| 1995 | 418,104 | 57,537,335 |
| 1994 | 410,228 | 55,611,508 |
| 1993 | 401,965 | 53,708,891 |
| 1992 | 393,415 | 51,853,747 |
| 1991 | 384,586 | 49,717,198 |
| 1990 | 375,428 | 47,609,755 |
| 1989 | 367,803 | 45,879,690 |
| 1988 | 362,329 | 44,150,825 |
| 1987 | 357,302 | 42,460,039 |
| 1986 | 352,312 | 41,037,656 |
| 1985 | 347,365 | 39,842,136 |
| 1984 | 342,505 | 38,735,722 |
| 1983 | 337,654 | 37,740,817 |
| 1982 | 332,724 | 36,701,290 |
| 1981 | 327,846 | 35,304,012 |
| 1980 | 323,301 | 34,428,514 |
| 1979 | 319,480 | 34,238,652 |
| 1978 | 316,147 | 33,734,592 |
| 1977 | 312,834 | 33,167,272 |
| 1976 | 309,455 | 32,534,418 |
| 1975 | 305,847 | 31,723,252 |
| 1974 | 302,570 | 30,957,273 |
| 1973 | 299,881 | 30,166,785 |
| 1972 | 297,386 | 29,374,608 |
| 1971 | 294,046 | 28,600,106 |
| 1970 | 287,885 | 27,829,128 |
| 1969 | 279,248 | 27,072,571 |
| 1968 | 270,164 | 26,337,930 |
| 1967 | 261,404 | 25,620,276 |
| 1966 | 252,976 | 24,952,689 |
| 1965 | 244,856 | 24,310,612 |
| 1964 | 237,006 | 23,666,548 |
| 1963 | 229,373 | 23,051,637 |
| 1962 | 221,919 | 22,465,126 |
| 1961 | 215,087 | 21,906,102 |
| 1960 | 210,024 | 21,376,693 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/cape-verde/ethiopia | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Cape Verde increased by 21,826 people (a 4.45% growth), while Ethiopia gained 26,014,672 people (a 32.2% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Cape Verde gained 18,299 people (a 3.57% growth), while Ethiopia's population increased by 34,004,812 people (a 31.9% growth).
Cape Verde was ranked 166th most populous country in 2006 and is 169th in 2026. Ethiopia was ranked 16th in 2006 and ranked 10th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Cape Verde's population will grow by 6.87% to 567,344 people with a rank change from 169th to 168th. The population of Ethiopia will increase by 60.6% to 226,055,085 people and rank change from 10th to 7th.
Cape Verde is projected to reach its peak in 2052 at 567K people compared to the peak of 371M people in 2100 for Ethiopia.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Cape Verde
|
Ethiopia
|
|
| 2100 | -1.01% | 0.47% |
| 2099 | -0.98% | 0.5% |
| 2098 | -0.99% | 0.53% |
| 2097 | -0.97% | 0.56% |
| 2096 | -0.98% | 0.54% |
| 2095 | -0.97% | 0.57% |
| 2094 | -0.97% | 0.58% |
| 2093 | -0.95% | 0.58% |
| 2092 | -0.94% | 0.61% |
| 2091 | -0.93% | 0.64% |
| 2090 | -0.94% | 0.63% |
| 2089 | -0.9% | 0.64% |
| 2088 | -0.89% | 0.68% |
| 2087 | -0.87% | 0.73% |
| 2086 | -0.86% | 0.74% |
| 2085 | -0.85% | 0.75% |
| 2084 | -0.81% | 0.77% |
| 2083 | -0.81% | 0.81% |
| 2082 | -0.79% | 0.82% |
| 2081 | -0.77% | 0.83% |
| 2080 | -0.75% | 0.84% |
| 2079 | -0.7% | 0.89% |
| 2078 | -0.68% | 0.92% |
| 2077 | -0.67% | 0.95% |
| 2076 | -0.65% | 0.97% |
| 2075 | -0.62% | 1% |
| 2074 | -0.59% | 0.99% |
| 2073 | -0.57% | 1.03% |
| 2072 | -0.54% | 1.05% |
| 2071 | -0.55% | 1.07% |
| 2070 | -0.54% | 1.1% |
| 2069 | -0.51% | 1.12% |
| 2068 | -0.51% | 1.16% |
| 2067 | -0.47% | 1.16% |
| 2066 | -0.43% | 1.19% |
| 2065 | -0.4% | 1.22% |
| 2064 | -0.39% | 1.25% |
| 2063 | -0.37% | 1.28% |
| 2062 | -0.34% | 1.33% |
| 2061 | -0.3% | 1.35% |
| 2060 | -0.28% | 1.38% |
| 2059 | -0.23% | 1.37% |
| 2058 | -0.2% | 1.41% |
| 2057 | -0.17% | 1.47% |
| 2056 | -0.15% | 1.46% |
| 2055 | -0.12% | 1.51% |
| 2054 | -0.06% | 1.53% |
| 2053 | -0.02% | 1.57% |
| 2052 | 0% | 1.63% |
| 2051 | 0.02% | 1.63% |
| 2050 | 0.06% | 1.67% |
| 2049 | 0.08% | 1.7% |
| 2048 | 0.09% | 1.74% |
| 2047 | 0.14% | 1.76% |
| 2046 | 0.17% | 1.78% |
| 2045 | 0.19% | 1.82% |
| 2044 | 0.21% | 1.86% |
| 2043 | 0.22% | 1.88% |
| 2042 | 0.25% | 1.9% |
| 2041 | 0.27% | 1.94% |
| 2040 | 0.3% | 1.97% |
| 2039 | 0.32% | 2% |
| 2038 | 0.33% | 2.03% |
| 2037 | 0.33% | 2.07% |
| 2036 | 0.35% | 2.11% |
| 2035 | 0.35% | 2.14% |
| 2034 | 0.34% | 2.17% |
| 2033 | 0.38% | 2.25% |
| 2032 | 0.37% | 2.28% |
| 2031 | 0.43% | 2.33% |
| 2030 | 0.42% | 2.38% |
| 2029 | 0.42% | 2.41% |
| 2028 | 0.42% | 2.47% |
| 2027 | 0.42% | 2.51% |
| 2026 | 0.45% | 2.55% |
| 2025 | 0.47% | 2.58% |
| 2024 | 0.49% | 2.62% |
| 2023 | 0.5% | 2.64% |
| 2022 | 0.6% | 2.66% |
| 2021 | 0.38% | 2.71% |
| 2020 | 0.11% | 2.75% |
| 2019 | 0.13% | 2.73% |
| 2018 | 0.1% | 2.73% |
| 2017 | 0.07% | 2.76% |
| 2016 | 0.03% | 2.74% |
| 2015 | 0.01% | 2.72% |
| 2014 | 0.02% | 2.72% |
| 2013 | 0.05% | 2.76% |
| 2012 | 0.1% | 2.84% |
| 2011 | 0.33% | 2.88% |
| 2010 | 0.72% | 2.88% |
| 2009 | 0.95% | 2.88% |
| 2008 | 1.04% | 2.94% |
| 2007 | 1.11% | 2.97% |
| 2006 | 1.16% | 2.98% |
| 2005 | 1.2% | 3.01% |
| 2004 | 1.26% | 3.04% |
| 2003 | 1.36% | 3.07% |
| 2002 | 1.47% | 3.09% |
| 2001 | 1.54% | 3.08% |
| 2000 | 1.52% | 3.12% |
| 1999 | 1.53% | 3.17% |
| 1998 | 1.61% | 3.19% |
| 1997 | 1.7% | 3.26% |
| 1996 | 1.79% | 3.35% |
| 1995 | 1.92% | 3.46% |
| 1994 | 2.06% | 3.54% |
| 1993 | 2.17% | 3.58% |
| 1992 | 2.3% | 4.3% |
| 1991 | 2.44% | 4.43% |
| 1990 | 2.07% | 3.77% |
| 1989 | 1.51% | 3.92% |
| 1988 | 1.41% | 3.98% |
| 1987 | 1.42% | 3.47% |
| 1986 | 1.42% | 3% |
| 1985 | 1.42% | 2.86% |
| 1984 | 1.44% | 2.64% |
| 1983 | 1.48% | 2.83% |
| 1982 | 1.49% | 3.96% |
| 1981 | 1.41% | 2.54% |
| 1980 | 1.2% | 0.55% |
| 1979 | 1.05% | 1.49% |
| 1978 | 1.06% | 1.71% |
| 1977 | 1.09% | 1.95% |
| 1976 | 1.18% | 2.56% |
| 1975 | 1.08% | 2.47% |
| 1974 | 0.9% | 2.62% |
| 1973 | 0.84% | 2.7% |
| 1972 | 1.14% | 2.71% |
| 1971 | 2.14% | 2.77% |
| 1970 | 3.09% | 2.79% |
| 1969 | 3.36% | 2.79% |
| 1968 | 3.35% | 2.8% |
| 1967 | 3.33% | 2.68% |
| 1966 | 3.32% | 2.64% |
| 1965 | 3.31% | 2.72% |
| 1964 | 3.33% | 2.67% |
| 1963 | 3.36% | 2.61% |
| 1962 | 3.18% | 2.55% |
| 1961 | 2.41% | 2.48% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/cape-verde/ethiopia | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Cape Verde grew by 0.47%, while Ethiopia's population grew by 2.58%.
Live population counters
|
Cape Verde
|
Ethiopia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
530853
|
140722974
|
| Population rank | 169/197 | 10/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.006% | 1.69% |
| One net population change |
3.59 hours
|
9.27 seconds
|
| One birth every |
1.37 hours
|
7.59 seconds
|
| One death every |
3.28 hours
|
40.6 seconds
|
| Daily growth/decline | +7 | +9,349 |
| Annual growth/decline | +2,449 | +3,412,284 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.47% | +2.58% |
| Population growth rate rank | 132/197 | 24/197 |
| One migration net change every |
6.84 hours
|
21.9 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -1,284 | +24,054 |
| Net migration rank | 94/196 | 31/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 16,515 | 1,168,455 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 171/195 | 53/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 3.1% | 0.9% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 116/195 | 157/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Cape Verde
|
Ethiopia
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -1,284 | - | 24,054 |
| 2024 | 3,741 | -1,209 | 3,379,409 | 30,069 |
| 2023 | 3,798 | -1,226 | 3,338,649 | -11,996 |
| 2022 | 3,864 | -1,253 | 3,300,114 | -11,996 |
| 2021 | 3,575 | 0 | 3,204,673 | -1,377 |
| 2020 | 3,734 | -3,362 | 3,199,718 | 38,866 |
| 2019 | 4,773 | -4,001 | 3,132,780 | -10,807 |
| 2018 | 5,282 | -4,679 | 3,015,231 | 9,302 |
| 2017 | 5,993 | -5,550 | 2,899,143 | 71,766 |
| 2016 | 6,238 | -6,004 | 2,809,889 | 115,823 |
| 2015 | 6,314 | -6,226 | 2,713,529 | 62,785 |
| 2014 | 6,622 | -6,578 | 2,623,647 | 103,122 |
| 2013 | 6,780 | -6,622 | 2,546,020 | 80,955 |
| 2012 | 7,157 | -6,779 | 2,533,398 | 119,517 |
| 2011 | 7,874 | -7,226 | 2,527,811 | 116,793 |
| 2010 | 7,746 | -5,069 | 2,498,048 | 80,213 |
| 2009 | 7,216 | -2,618 | 2,467,118 | 16,315 |
| 2008 | 7,313 | -2,340 | 2,465,283 | -20,780 |
| 2007 | 7,559 | -2,200 | 2,436,753 | -381 |
| 2006 | 7,980 | -2,408 | 2,393,585 | -30,512 |
| 2005 | 8,428 | -2,768 | 2,353,375 | -44,421 |
| 2004 | 8,825 | -2,993 | 2,296,999 | -25,430 |
| 2003 | 9,037 | -2,898 | 2,231,223 | -13,744 |
| 2002 | 9,278 | -2,751 | 2,189,683 | -12,925 |
| 2001 | 9,510 | -2,528 | 2,137,791 | -19,063 |
| 2000 | 9,752 | -2,772 | 2,083,622 | -49,891 |
| 1999 | 9,989 | -3,371 | 2,010,987 | 29,142 |
| 1998 | 10,187 | -3,332 | 1,984,989 | -3,011 |
| 1997 | 10,323 | -3,211 | 1,945,112 | -9,119 |
| 1996 | 10,613 | -3,297 | 1,896,364 | 41,456 |
| 1995 | 10,764 | -3,125 | 1,831,068 | 91,727 |
| 1994 | 11,410 | -3,299 | 1,788,133 | 140,715 |
| 1993 | 11,805 | -3,393 | 1,734,851 | 141,545 |
| 1992 | 11,915 | -3,231 | 1,673,839 | 160,106 |
| 1991 | 11,899 | -2,924 | 1,579,416 | 859,737 |
| 1990 | 11,738 | -2,398 | 1,479,663 | 296,014 |
| 1989 | 11,608 | -5,704 | 1,441,769 | 242,614 |
| 1988 | 11,523 | -6,474 | 1,393,356 | 379,966 |
| 1987 | 11,426 | -6,418 | 1,356,853 | 251,387 |
| 1986 | 11,295 | -6,314 | 1,050,277 | 186,227 |
| 1985 | 11,105 | -6,192 | 997,050 | 157,476 |
| 1984 | 10,835 | -6,035 | 920,670 | 137,632 |
| 1983 | 10,736 | -5,834 | 863,472 | 68,022 |
| 1982 | 10,597 | -5,629 | 1,080,853 | 66,702 |
| 1981 | 10,470 | -5,684 | 1,018,838 | 628,135 |
| 1980 | 10,276 | -5,980 | 1,007,516 | -903,529 |
| 1979 | 10,223 | -6,875 | 987,203 | -711,455 |
| 1978 | 10,152 | -6,833 | 943,388 | -210,991 |
| 1977 | 10,036 | -6,730 | 929,381 | -527,133 |
| 1976 | 9,833 | -6,389 | 899,577 | -36,125 |
| 1975 | 9,601 | -5,829 | 801,425 | -42,540 |
| 1974 | 9,295 | -6,512 | 777,306 | -4,232 |
| 1973 | 9,003 | -6,410 | 807,535 | 347 |
| 1972 | 8,716 | -6,316 | 779,808 | -3,375 |
| 1971 | 8,359 | -4,085 | 787,047 | -14,510 |
| 1970 | 7,878 | 172 | 760,821 | 8,589 |
| 1969 | 7,625 | 1,608 | 736,428 | 7,258 |
| 1968 | 7,408 | 1,521 | 715,602 | 9,992 |
| 1967 | 7,214 | 1,376 | 695,283 | 14,437 |
| 1966 | 7,039 | 1,230 | 616,281 | 9,160 |
| 1965 | 6,877 | 1,093 | 642,359 | 16,348 |
| 1964 | 6,725 | 1,006 | 618,667 | 10,749 |
| 1963 | 6,589 | 945 | 590,998 | 9,418 |
| 1962 | 6,468 | 904 | 563,650 | 8,960 |
| 1961 | 6,247 | 49 | 538,518 | 6,938 |
| 1960 | 6,098 | -2,267 | 511,694 | 1,696 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/cape-verde/ethiopia | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 58.5% of the population change in Cape Verde is from natural causes (a gain of 47,312 people) and 41.5% is from migration (a loss of 33,510 people). In Ethiopia 99.1% is from natural causes (a gain of 30,993,135 people) and 0.93% is from migration (a gain of 292,435 people).
As of 2024, 16,515 residents or 3.1% of the population were not native-born in Cape Verde, compared to 1,168,455 people or 0.9% in Ethiopia.
Biggest cities by population
|
Cape Verde
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Praia | 159K |
| Mindelo | 70.5K |
| Assomada | 12K |
|
Ethiopia
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Addis Ababa | 5.7M |
| Gondar | 324K |
| Mekelle | 324K |
| Awasa | 300K |
| Dire Dawa | 277K |
| Bahir Dar | 243K |
| Dessie | 188K |
| Jimma | 178K |
| Harar | 157K |
| Jijiga | 126K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Cape Verde and Ethiopia
|
Cape Verde
|
Ethiopia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 76.6 years | 68.1 years |
| Average age | 31.9 years | 24 years |
| Median age | 30 years | 20.1 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.9:49.1 | 50.1:49.9 |
| Fertility rate | 1.51 births per woman | 3.91 births per woman |
| Population density | 340 ppl/mi² | 319 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/cape-verde/ethiopia | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.