The latest officially reported population of Chad was 20,299,123 in 2024 vs 7,494,498 people in Turkmenistan in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Chad's population is 21,893,857 people compared to 7,776,557 in Turkmenistan.
Population statistics:
- Chad's population is 2.82 times bigger than Turkmenistan's.
- Chad is ranked the 64th most populous country in the world, while Turkmenistan is the 104th.
- The countries together account for 0.36% of the world: 0.26% for Chad vs 0.09% for Turkmenistan.
- For the last 10 years, Chad has had an average growth rate of +3.65% per year vs +2.14% in Turkmenistan.
- Since 2006, the population of Chad has increased from 10.7M people to 21.9M (104.5% growth), while Turkmenistan has grown from 5.15M to 7.78M (51.1% growth).
Chad vs Turkmenistan: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Chad
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
| 2100 | 70,884,357 | 10,046,945 |
| 2099 | 70,557,567 | 10,075,740 |
| 2098 | 70,230,207 | 10,103,319 |
| 2097 | 69,842,152 | 10,129,577 |
| 2096 | 69,451,196 | 10,154,338 |
| 2095 | 69,060,721 | 10,178,163 |
| 2094 | 68,666,177 | 10,200,371 |
| 2093 | 68,236,720 | 10,221,349 |
| 2092 | 67,782,173 | 10,240,959 |
| 2091 | 67,325,804 | 10,259,026 |
| 2090 | 66,831,262 | 10,276,261 |
| 2089 | 66,335,362 | 10,291,819 |
| 2088 | 65,849,776 | 10,306,303 |
| 2087 | 65,329,155 | 10,319,501 |
| 2086 | 64,802,341 | 10,331,090 |
| 2085 | 64,247,517 | 10,341,183 |
| 2084 | 63,683,201 | 10,349,710 |
| 2083 | 63,107,011 | 10,356,602 |
| 2082 | 62,546,281 | 10,362,422 |
| 2081 | 61,935,077 | 10,366,587 |
| 2080 | 61,322,770 | 10,369,293 |
| 2079 | 60,689,500 | 10,370,130 |
| 2078 | 60,041,413 | 10,369,013 |
| 2077 | 59,398,544 | 10,366,366 |
| 2076 | 58,750,589 | 10,361,975 |
| 2075 | 58,088,399 | 10,355,755 |
| 2074 | 57,429,638 | 10,348,384 |
| 2073 | 56,751,288 | 10,339,415 |
| 2072 | 56,050,641 | 10,328,653 |
| 2071 | 55,351,270 | 10,316,618 |
| 2070 | 54,656,129 | 10,303,565 |
| 2069 | 53,956,737 | 10,289,578 |
| 2068 | 53,248,745 | 10,274,625 |
| 2067 | 52,550,963 | 10,258,518 |
| 2066 | 51,808,021 | 10,241,362 |
| 2065 | 51,071,215 | 10,223,420 |
| 2064 | 50,307,695 | 10,204,034 |
| 2063 | 49,556,347 | 10,183,241 |
| 2062 | 48,797,884 | 10,160,903 |
| 2061 | 48,036,580 | 10,136,928 |
| 2060 | 47,241,459 | 10,111,369 |
| 2059 | 46,442,418 | 10,083,631 |
| 2058 | 45,655,034 | 10,052,905 |
| 2057 | 44,870,896 | 10,019,547 |
| 2056 | 44,078,534 | 9,983,379 |
| 2055 | 43,275,519 | 9,943,931 |
| 2054 | 42,486,590 | 9,901,473 |
| 2053 | 41,688,608 | 9,854,931 |
| 2052 | 40,889,772 | 9,804,909 |
| 2051 | 40,092,484 | 9,751,221 |
| 2050 | 39,299,495 | 9,693,713 |
| 2049 | 38,521,793 | 9,632,600 |
| 2048 | 37,723,298 | 9,567,946 |
| 2047 | 36,947,445 | 9,500,139 |
| 2046 | 36,172,851 | 9,429,355 |
| 2045 | 35,391,232 | 9,356,194 |
| 2044 | 34,632,170 | 9,280,988 |
| 2043 | 33,864,845 | 9,204,466 |
| 2042 | 33,104,772 | 9,126,898 |
| 2041 | 32,347,709 | 9,048,356 |
| 2040 | 31,617,805 | 8,969,478 |
| 2039 | 30,871,258 | 8,890,225 |
| 2038 | 30,129,880 | 8,810,850 |
| 2037 | 29,393,074 | 8,731,367 |
| 2036 | 28,653,774 | 8,651,719 |
| 2035 | 27,935,849 | 8,572,231 |
| 2034 | 27,223,833 | 8,492,483 |
| 2033 | 26,506,530 | 8,412,113 |
| 2032 | 25,790,343 | 8,330,912 |
| 2031 | 25,078,386 | 8,248,129 |
| 2030 | 24,381,060 | 8,163,024 |
| 2029 | 23,686,105 | 8,070,023 |
| 2028 | 22,995,214 | 7,969,080 |
| 2027 | 22,312,346 | 7,860,774 |
| 2026 | 21,738,687 | 7,745,331 |
| 2025 | 21,174,977 | 7,623,184 |
| 2024 | 20,299,123 | 7,494,498 |
| 2023 | 19,319,064 | 7,364,438 |
| 2022 | 18,455,316 | 7,230,193 |
| 2021 | 17,828,273 | 7,092,043 |
| 2020 | 17,224,679 | 6,949,912 |
| 2019 | 16,685,223 | 6,803,944 |
| 2018 | 16,156,531 | 6,655,524 |
| 2017 | 15,622,759 | 6,507,061 |
| 2016 | 15,114,655 | 6,360,041 |
| 2015 | 14,647,621 | 6,215,770 |
| 2014 | 14,188,678 | 6,075,283 |
| 2013 | 13,691,079 | 5,939,341 |
| 2012 | 13,210,998 | 5,808,546 |
| 2011 | 12,754,997 | 5,683,417 |
| 2010 | 12,312,575 | 5,564,356 |
| 2009 | 11,893,754 | 5,451,592 |
| 2008 | 11,476,296 | 5,345,029 |
| 2007 | 11,081,660 | 5,244,046 |
| 2006 | 10,706,424 | 5,147,105 |
| 2005 | 10,328,092 | 5,052,257 |
| 2004 | 9,920,036 | 4,958,093 |
| 2003 | 9,487,833 | 4,863,865 |
| 2002 | 9,116,192 | 4,769,465 |
| 2001 | 8,804,124 | 4,675,409 |
| 2000 | 8,512,093 | 4,582,677 |
| 1999 | 8,222,705 | 4,492,170 |
| 1998 | 7,938,840 | 4,410,507 |
| 1997 | 7,670,366 | 4,336,730 |
| 1996 | 7,410,108 | 4,263,819 |
| 1995 | 7,089,064 | 4,191,203 |
| 1994 | 6,783,450 | 4,116,662 |
| 1993 | 6,629,146 | 4,032,407 |
| 1992 | 6,474,656 | 3,944,689 |
| 1991 | 6,205,676 | 3,855,894 |
| 1990 | 5,982,833 | 3,760,562 |
| 1989 | 5,819,586 | 3,662,459 |
| 1988 | 5,625,602 | 3,559,363 |
| 1987 | 5,438,309 | 3,452,731 |
| 1986 | 5,251,069 | 3,347,809 |
| 1985 | 5,096,269 | 3,247,534 |
| 1984 | 5,045,145 | 3,154,079 |
| 1983 | 4,979,130 | 3,067,534 |
| 1982 | 4,738,483 | 2,985,557 |
| 1981 | 4,520,959 | 2,907,187 |
| 1980 | 4,515,453 | 2,832,203 |
| 1979 | 4,505,384 | 2,760,358 |
| 1978 | 4,411,366 | 2,691,088 |
| 1977 | 4,331,667 | 2,623,948 |
| 1976 | 4,251,297 | 2,558,521 |
| 1975 | 4,167,234 | 2,494,570 |
| 1974 | 4,078,356 | 2,432,028 |
| 1973 | 3,985,909 | 2,370,919 |
| 1972 | 3,893,252 | 2,311,430 |
| 1971 | 3,807,316 | 2,253,119 |
| 1970 | 3,727,828 | 2,195,616 |
| 1969 | 3,651,113 | 2,139,024 |
| 1968 | 3,578,231 | 2,083,069 |
| 1967 | 3,508,512 | 2,027,403 |
| 1966 | 3,440,903 | 1,971,737 |
| 1965 | 3,374,220 | 1,915,916 |
| 1964 | 3,307,479 | 1,859,997 |
| 1963 | 3,240,905 | 1,804,272 |
| 1962 | 3,175,598 | 1,749,214 |
| 1961 | 3,111,947 | 1,695,400 |
| 1960 | 3,049,838 | 1,643,457 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/chad/turkmenistan | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Chad increased by 4,408,231 people (a 41.2% growth), while Turkmenistan gained 1,212,936 people (a 23.6% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Chad gained 6,779,202 people (a 44.9% growth), while Turkmenistan's population increased by 1,416,516 people (a 22.3% growth).
Chad was ranked 76th most populous country in 2006 and is 64th in 2026. Turkmenistan was ranked 113th in 2006 and ranked 104th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Chad's population will grow by 79.5% to 39,299,495 people with a rank change from 64th to 52nd. The population of Turkmenistan will increase by 24.7% to 9,693,713 people and rank change from 104th to 101st.
Chad is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 70.9M people compared to the peak of 10.4M people in 2079 for Turkmenistan.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Chad
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
| 2100 | 0.46% | -0.29% |
| 2099 | 0.47% | -0.27% |
| 2098 | 0.56% | -0.26% |
| 2097 | 0.56% | -0.24% |
| 2096 | 0.57% | -0.23% |
| 2095 | 0.57% | -0.22% |
| 2094 | 0.63% | -0.21% |
| 2093 | 0.67% | -0.19% |
| 2092 | 0.68% | -0.18% |
| 2091 | 0.74% | -0.17% |
| 2090 | 0.75% | -0.15% |
| 2089 | 0.74% | -0.14% |
| 2088 | 0.8% | -0.13% |
| 2087 | 0.81% | -0.11% |
| 2086 | 0.86% | -0.1% |
| 2085 | 0.89% | -0.08% |
| 2084 | 0.91% | -0.07% |
| 2083 | 0.9% | -0.06% |
| 2082 | 0.99% | -0.04% |
| 2081 | 1% | -0.03% |
| 2080 | 1.04% | -0.008% |
| 2079 | 1.08% | 0.01% |
| 2078 | 1.08% | 0.03% |
| 2077 | 1.1% | 0.04% |
| 2076 | 1.14% | 0.06% |
| 2075 | 1.15% | 0.07% |
| 2074 | 1.2% | 0.09% |
| 2073 | 1.25% | 0.1% |
| 2072 | 1.26% | 0.12% |
| 2071 | 1.27% | 0.13% |
| 2070 | 1.3% | 0.14% |
| 2069 | 1.33% | 0.15% |
| 2068 | 1.33% | 0.16% |
| 2067 | 1.43% | 0.17% |
| 2066 | 1.44% | 0.18% |
| 2065 | 1.52% | 0.19% |
| 2064 | 1.52% | 0.2% |
| 2063 | 1.55% | 0.22% |
| 2062 | 1.58% | 0.24% |
| 2061 | 1.68% | 0.25% |
| 2060 | 1.72% | 0.28% |
| 2059 | 1.72% | 0.31% |
| 2058 | 1.75% | 0.33% |
| 2057 | 1.8% | 0.36% |
| 2056 | 1.86% | 0.4% |
| 2055 | 1.86% | 0.43% |
| 2054 | 1.91% | 0.47% |
| 2053 | 1.95% | 0.51% |
| 2052 | 1.99% | 0.55% |
| 2051 | 2.02% | 0.59% |
| 2050 | 2.02% | 0.63% |
| 2049 | 2.12% | 0.68% |
| 2048 | 2.1% | 0.71% |
| 2047 | 2.14% | 0.75% |
| 2046 | 2.21% | 0.78% |
| 2045 | 2.19% | 0.81% |
| 2044 | 2.27% | 0.83% |
| 2043 | 2.3% | 0.85% |
| 2042 | 2.34% | 0.87% |
| 2041 | 2.31% | 0.88% |
| 2040 | 2.42% | 0.89% |
| 2039 | 2.46% | 0.9% |
| 2038 | 2.51% | 0.91% |
| 2037 | 2.58% | 0.92% |
| 2036 | 2.57% | 0.93% |
| 2035 | 2.62% | 0.94% |
| 2034 | 2.71% | 0.96% |
| 2033 | 2.78% | 0.97% |
| 2032 | 2.84% | 1% |
| 2031 | 2.86% | 1.04% |
| 2030 | 2.93% | 1.15% |
| 2029 | 3% | 1.27% |
| 2028 | 3.06% | 1.38% |
| 2027 | 2.64% | 1.49% |
| 2026 | 2.66% | 1.6% |
| 2025 | 4.31% | 1.72% |
| 2024 | 5.07% | 1.77% |
| 2023 | 4.68% | 1.86% |
| 2022 | 3.52% | 1.95% |
| 2021 | 3.5% | 2.05% |
| 2020 | 3.23% | 2.15% |
| 2019 | 3.27% | 2.23% |
| 2018 | 3.42% | 2.28% |
| 2017 | 3.36% | 2.31% |
| 2016 | 3.19% | 2.32% |
| 2015 | 3.23% | 2.31% |
| 2014 | 3.63% | 2.29% |
| 2013 | 3.63% | 2.25% |
| 2012 | 3.58% | 2.2% |
| 2011 | 3.59% | 2.14% |
| 2010 | 3.52% | 2.07% |
| 2009 | 3.64% | 1.99% |
| 2008 | 3.56% | 1.93% |
| 2007 | 3.5% | 1.88% |
| 2006 | 3.66% | 1.88% |
| 2005 | 4.11% | 1.9% |
| 2004 | 4.56% | 1.94% |
| 2003 | 4.08% | 1.98% |
| 2002 | 3.54% | 2.01% |
| 2001 | 3.43% | 2.02% |
| 2000 | 3.52% | 2.01% |
| 1999 | 3.58% | 1.85% |
| 1998 | 3.5% | 1.7% |
| 1997 | 3.51% | 1.71% |
| 1996 | 4.53% | 1.73% |
| 1995 | 4.51% | 1.81% |
| 1994 | 2.33% | 2.09% |
| 1993 | 2.39% | 2.22% |
| 1992 | 4.33% | 2.3% |
| 1991 | 3.72% | 2.54% |
| 1990 | 2.81% | 2.68% |
| 1989 | 3.45% | 2.9% |
| 1988 | 3.44% | 3.09% |
| 1987 | 3.57% | 3.13% |
| 1986 | 3.04% | 3.09% |
| 1985 | 1.01% | 2.96% |
| 1984 | 1.33% | 2.82% |
| 1983 | 5.08% | 2.75% |
| 1982 | 4.81% | 2.7% |
| 1981 | 0.12% | 2.65% |
| 1980 | 0.22% | 2.6% |
| 1979 | 2.13% | 2.57% |
| 1978 | 1.84% | 2.56% |
| 1977 | 1.89% | 2.56% |
| 1976 | 2.02% | 2.56% |
| 1975 | 2.18% | 2.57% |
| 1974 | 2.32% | 2.58% |
| 1973 | 2.38% | 2.57% |
| 1972 | 2.26% | 2.59% |
| 1971 | 2.13% | 2.62% |
| 1970 | 2.1% | 2.65% |
| 1969 | 2.04% | 2.69% |
| 1968 | 1.99% | 2.75% |
| 1967 | 1.96% | 2.82% |
| 1966 | 1.98% | 2.91% |
| 1965 | 2.02% | 3.01% |
| 1964 | 2.05% | 3.09% |
| 1963 | 2.06% | 3.15% |
| 1962 | 2.05% | 3.17% |
| 1961 | 2.04% | 3.16% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/chad/turkmenistan | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Chad grew by 5.07%, while Turkmenistan's population grew by 1.77%.
Live population counters
|
Chad
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
21893857
|
7776557
|
| Population rank | 64/197 | 104/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.26% | 0.09% |
| One net population change |
32.2 seconds
|
4.04 minutes
|
| One birth every |
38.5 seconds
|
3.28 minutes
|
| One death every |
2.47 minutes
|
12.3 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +2,685 | +356 |
| Annual growth/decline | +980,059 | +130,060 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +5.07% | +1.77% |
| Population growth rate rank | 2/197 | 61/197 |
| One migration net change every |
4.28 minutes
|
39.7 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -123,104 | +13,268 |
| Net migration rank | 184/196 | 39/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 1,269,673 | 193,763 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 50/195 | 115/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 6.3% | 2.6% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 83/195 | 125/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Chad
|
Turkmenistan
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -123,104 | - | 13,268 |
| 2024 | - | 204,040 | - | 14,646 |
| 2023 | 605,924 | 496,830 | 117,529 | 15,005 |
| 2022 | 588,060 | 36,670 | 121,814 | 14,141 |
| 2021 | 554,851 | 74,509 | 122,721 | 17,617 |
| 2020 | 541,234 | 36,605 | 124,014 | 19,913 |
| 2019 | 530,540 | -29,451 | 128,275 | 19,735 |
| 2018 | 509,642 | 46,661 | 129,537 | 19,293 |
| 2017 | 494,304 | 16,916 | 131,417 | 16,678 |
| 2016 | 483,442 | 21,540 | 132,581 | 13,365 |
| 2015 | 478,010 | -48,918 | 132,663 | 9,936 |
| 2014 | 467,957 | 20,842 | 129,677 | 8,696 |
| 2013 | 454,517 | 51,887 | 126,217 | 7,287 |
| 2012 | 444,246 | 9,514 | 120,957 | 7,125 |
| 2011 | 428,989 | 29,256 | 115,197 | 6,992 |
| 2010 | 416,177 | 10,427 | 109,318 | 6,621 |
| 2009 | 401,937 | 9,108 | 102,931 | 6,656 |
| 2008 | 387,439 | 36,446 | 96,815 | 6,734 |
| 2007 | 376,732 | -11,339 | 92,038 | 6,388 |
| 2006 | 362,027 | 23,052 | 87,840 | 7,613 |
| 2005 | 352,302 | 19,281 | 83,968 | 10,263 |
| 2004 | 334,136 | 110,387 | 79,850 | 14,242 |
| 2003 | 314,740 | 105,140 | 76,737 | 17,625 |
| 2002 | 302,995 | 20,400 | 75,639 | 18,803 |
| 2001 | 297,254 | 3,484 | 76,682 | 16,982 |
| 2000 | 287,173 | -3,845 | 76,875 | 14,925 |
| 1999 | 278,264 | 17,175 | 76,362 | 12,859 |
| 1998 | 270,055 | 2,232 | 77,342 | -3,239 |
| 1997 | 261,030 | 3,631 | 79,045 | -5,600 |
| 1996 | 254,589 | 1,259 | 80,996 | -8,627 |
| 1995 | 234,010 | 152,232 | 86,289 | -13,423 |
| 1994 | 223,996 | 986 | 89,319 | -13,094 |
| 1993 | 229,984 | -146,386 | 92,596 | -312 |
| 1992 | 219,348 | 6,013 | 96,668 | -13,517 |
| 1991 | 200,102 | 112,492 | 99,297 | -4,864 |
| 1990 | 191,959 | -58,884 | 101,099 | -4,864 |
| 1989 | 188,485 | 4,924 | 103,553 | -3,576 |
| 1988 | 178,489 | 16,085 | 104,802 | 1,408 |
| 1987 | 156,797 | 23,220 | 103,885 | 3,161 |
| 1986 | 152,360 | 42,093 | 100,930 | 1,878 |
| 1985 | 145,845 | -30,686 | 95,890 | 1,861 |
| 1984 | 151,511 | -164,489 | 90,591 | -1,427 |
| 1983 | 144,684 | 247 | 85,183 | -1,264 |
| 1982 | 119,121 | 217,242 | 80,989 | -961 |
| 1981 | 111,907 | -13,232 | 77,829 | -1,102 |
| 1980 | 122,468 | -210,126 | 74,394 | -1,152 |
| 1979 | 117,780 | -9,974 | 71,135 | -677 |
| 1978 | 115,084 | -34,856 | 68,437 | -350 |
| 1977 | 113,498 | -34,318 | 66,318 | -132 |
| 1976 | 111,324 | -29,755 | 64,513 | 160 |
| 1975 | 109,315 | -22,768 | 62,681 | 550 |
| 1974 | 106,898 | -15,686 | 60,925 | 924 |
| 1973 | 104,418 | -10,737 | 59,169 | 1,194 |
| 1972 | 101,142 | -9,526 | 57,326 | 1,293 |
| 1971 | 89,404 | -9,153 | 56,666 | 1,348 |
| 1970 | 87,660 | -8,931 | 55,617 | 1,376 |
| 1969 | 83,413 | -8,714 | 54,791 | 1,397 |
| 1968 | 79,465 | -8,396 | 54,324 | 1,401 |
| 1967 | 76,142 | -7,771 | 54,209 | 1,397 |
| 1966 | 73,123 | -6,283 | 54,353 | 1,377 |
| 1965 | 70,913 | -4,384 | 54,558 | 1,366 |
| 1964 | 69,483 | -2,518 | 54,574 | 1,340 |
| 1963 | 67,414 | -1,228 | 54,203 | 1,332 |
| 1962 | 65,312 | -890 | 53,248 | 1,337 |
| 1961 | 63,639 | -760 | 51,659 | 1,372 |
| 1960 | 62,003 | -672 | 49,436 | 1,421 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/chad/turkmenistan | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 88.7% of the population change in Chad is from natural causes (a gain of 5,253,964 people) and 11.3% is from migration (a gain of 672,204 people). In Turkmenistan 89.2% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,270,228 people) and 10.8% is from migration (a gain of 154,379 people).
As of 2024, 1,269,673 residents or 6.3% of the population were not native-born in Chad, compared to 193,763 people or 2.6% in Turkmenistan.
Biggest cities by population
|
Chad
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| N'Djamena | 1.09M |
| Sarh | 108K |
| Abeche | 76.5K |
| Bongor | 27.8K |
| Bol | 11.7K |
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Ashgabat | 1.03M |
| Turkmenabat | 231K |
| Dasoguz | 227K |
| Mary | 126K |
| Anau | 29.6K |
| Baherden | 24.7K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Chad and Turkmenistan
|
Chad
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 55.6 years | 70.5 years |
| Average age | 21.2 years | 29.1 years |
| Median age | 16.8 years | 27.5 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.2:49.8 | 49.1:50.9 |
| Fertility rate | 6.12 births per woman | 2.69 births per woman |
| Population density | 44.7 ppl/mi² | 42.7 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/chad/turkmenistan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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