The latest officially reported population of Laos was 7,873,046 in 2025 vs 7,618,847 people in Turkmenistan in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Laos' population is 8,027,464 people compared to 7,800,189 in Turkmenistan.
Population statistics:
- Laos' population is 1.03 times bigger than Turkmenistan's.
- Laos is ranked the 103rd most populous country in the world, while Turkmenistan is the 104th.
- The countries together account for 0.19% of the world: 0.1% for Laos vs 0.09% for Turkmenistan.
- For the last 10 years, Laos has had an average growth rate of +1.47% per year vs +2.08% in Turkmenistan.
- Since 2006, the population of Laos has increased from 5.96M people to 8.03M (34.6% growth), while Turkmenistan has grown from 5.15M to 7.8M (51.5% growth).
Laos vs Turkmenistan: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Laos
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
| 2100 | 9,340,510 | 10,041,228 |
| 2099 | 9,387,374 | 10,070,007 |
| 2098 | 9,433,309 | 10,097,571 |
| 2097 | 9,478,091 | 10,123,813 |
| 2096 | 9,521,914 | 10,148,560 |
| 2095 | 9,564,898 | 10,172,371 |
| 2094 | 9,607,314 | 10,194,567 |
| 2093 | 9,648,899 | 10,215,533 |
| 2092 | 9,689,414 | 10,235,132 |
| 2091 | 9,729,262 | 10,253,189 |
| 2090 | 9,767,923 | 10,270,414 |
| 2089 | 9,805,489 | 10,285,963 |
| 2088 | 9,841,933 | 10,300,439 |
| 2087 | 9,876,893 | 10,313,629 |
| 2086 | 9,910,678 | 10,325,212 |
| 2085 | 9,942,991 | 10,335,299 |
| 2084 | 9,973,375 | 10,343,821 |
| 2083 | 10,002,778 | 10,350,710 |
| 2082 | 10,030,306 | 10,356,526 |
| 2081 | 10,056,473 | 10,360,689 |
| 2080 | 10,080,959 | 10,363,394 |
| 2079 | 10,104,434 | 10,364,229 |
| 2078 | 10,126,099 | 10,363,113 |
| 2077 | 10,146,255 | 10,360,467 |
| 2076 | 10,163,547 | 10,356,079 |
| 2075 | 10,179,776 | 10,349,863 |
| 2074 | 10,194,216 | 10,342,496 |
| 2073 | 10,206,546 | 10,333,532 |
| 2072 | 10,216,287 | 10,322,776 |
| 2071 | 10,223,430 | 10,310,748 |
| 2070 | 10,229,612 | 10,297,702 |
| 2069 | 10,233,020 | 10,283,723 |
| 2068 | 10,233,371 | 10,268,779 |
| 2067 | 10,231,633 | 10,252,681 |
| 2066 | 10,226,448 | 10,235,535 |
| 2065 | 10,219,732 | 10,217,603 |
| 2064 | 10,210,382 | 10,198,228 |
| 2063 | 10,198,463 | 10,177,447 |
| 2062 | 10,184,239 | 10,155,121 |
| 2061 | 10,166,878 | 10,131,160 |
| 2060 | 10,146,829 | 10,105,616 |
| 2059 | 10,124,398 | 10,077,893 |
| 2058 | 10,098,721 | 10,047,185 |
| 2057 | 10,070,317 | 10,013,846 |
| 2056 | 10,039,482 | 9,977,699 |
| 2055 | 10,006,669 | 9,938,273 |
| 2054 | 9,970,363 | 9,895,840 |
| 2053 | 9,931,133 | 9,849,324 |
| 2052 | 9,889,162 | 9,799,331 |
| 2051 | 9,844,445 | 9,745,673 |
| 2050 | 9,797,566 | 9,688,197 |
| 2049 | 9,748,481 | 9,627,119 |
| 2048 | 9,695,755 | 9,562,502 |
| 2047 | 9,641,319 | 9,494,734 |
| 2046 | 9,584,097 | 9,423,990 |
| 2045 | 9,524,890 | 9,350,870 |
| 2044 | 9,462,921 | 9,275,707 |
| 2043 | 9,399,555 | 9,199,229 |
| 2042 | 9,332,795 | 9,121,705 |
| 2041 | 9,264,069 | 9,043,208 |
| 2040 | 9,193,691 | 8,964,374 |
| 2039 | 9,120,921 | 8,885,167 |
| 2038 | 9,044,658 | 8,805,836 |
| 2037 | 8,966,687 | 8,726,399 |
| 2036 | 8,886,908 | 8,646,796 |
| 2035 | 8,805,396 | 8,567,354 |
| 2034 | 8,721,979 | 8,487,651 |
| 2033 | 8,636,299 | 8,407,327 |
| 2032 | 8,548,097 | 8,326,172 |
| 2031 | 8,457,770 | 8,243,436 |
| 2030 | 8,365,427 | 8,158,380 |
| 2029 | 8,271,316 | 8,065,431 |
| 2028 | 8,174,975 | 7,964,546 |
| 2027 | 8,076,308 | 7,856,302 |
| 2026 | 7,975,876 | 7,740,924 |
| 2025 | 7,873,046 | 7,618,847 |
| 2024 | 7,769,819 | 7,494,498 |
| 2023 | 7,664,993 | 7,364,438 |
| 2022 | 7,559,007 | 7,230,193 |
| 2021 | 7,453,194 | 7,092,043 |
| 2020 | 7,346,533 | 6,949,912 |
| 2019 | 7,237,636 | 6,803,944 |
| 2018 | 7,128,045 | 6,655,524 |
| 2017 | 7,018,147 | 6,507,061 |
| 2016 | 6,908,802 | 6,360,041 |
| 2015 | 6,801,645 | 6,215,770 |
| 2014 | 6,703,172 | 6,075,283 |
| 2013 | 6,611,385 | 5,939,341 |
| 2012 | 6,518,978 | 5,808,546 |
| 2011 | 6,426,590 | 5,683,417 |
| 2010 | 6,334,194 | 5,564,356 |
| 2009 | 6,241,642 | 5,451,592 |
| 2008 | 6,148,969 | 5,345,029 |
| 2007 | 6,056,236 | 5,244,046 |
| 2006 | 5,963,200 | 5,147,105 |
| 2005 | 5,869,523 | 5,052,257 |
| 2004 | 5,781,626 | 4,958,093 |
| 2003 | 5,697,945 | 4,863,865 |
| 2002 | 5,610,889 | 4,769,465 |
| 2001 | 5,521,482 | 4,675,409 |
| 2000 | 5,431,212 | 4,582,677 |
| 1999 | 5,340,784 | 4,492,170 |
| 1998 | 5,248,266 | 4,410,507 |
| 1997 | 5,152,011 | 4,336,730 |
| 1996 | 5,045,678 | 4,263,819 |
| 1995 | 4,929,409 | 4,191,203 |
| 1994 | 4,809,220 | 4,116,662 |
| 1993 | 4,685,060 | 4,032,407 |
| 1992 | 4,559,646 | 3,944,689 |
| 1991 | 4,435,118 | 3,855,894 |
| 1990 | 4,311,955 | 3,760,562 |
| 1989 | 4,190,974 | 3,662,459 |
| 1988 | 4,072,601 | 3,559,363 |
| 1987 | 3,957,612 | 3,452,731 |
| 1986 | 3,846,715 | 3,347,809 |
| 1985 | 3,739,985 | 3,247,534 |
| 1984 | 3,637,843 | 3,154,079 |
| 1983 | 3,541,001 | 3,067,534 |
| 1982 | 3,450,026 | 2,985,557 |
| 1981 | 3,366,631 | 2,907,187 |
| 1980 | 3,292,573 | 2,832,203 |
| 1979 | 3,228,202 | 2,760,358 |
| 1978 | 3,171,740 | 2,691,088 |
| 1977 | 3,118,923 | 2,623,948 |
| 1976 | 3,064,876 | 2,558,521 |
| 1975 | 3,005,521 | 2,494,570 |
| 1974 | 2,939,761 | 2,432,028 |
| 1973 | 2,870,573 | 2,370,919 |
| 1972 | 2,801,660 | 2,311,430 |
| 1971 | 2,734,628 | 2,253,119 |
| 1970 | 2,669,702 | 2,195,616 |
| 1969 | 2,606,959 | 2,139,024 |
| 1968 | 2,546,377 | 2,083,069 |
| 1967 | 2,487,715 | 2,027,403 |
| 1966 | 2,431,084 | 1,971,737 |
| 1965 | 2,376,200 | 1,915,916 |
| 1964 | 2,322,826 | 1,859,997 |
| 1963 | 2,271,061 | 1,804,272 |
| 1962 | 2,219,910 | 1,749,214 |
| 1961 | 2,169,796 | 1,695,400 |
| 1960 | 2,121,514 | 1,643,457 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/laos/turkmenistan | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Laos increased by 945,602 people (a 15.9% growth), while Turkmenistan gained 1,212,936 people (a 23.6% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Laos gained 1,118,662 people (a 16.2% growth), while Turkmenistan's population increased by 1,440,148 people (a 22.6% growth).
Laos was ranked 104th most populous country in 2006 and is 103rd in 2026. Turkmenistan was ranked 113th in 2006 and ranked 104th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Laos' population will grow by 22.1% to 9,797,566 people with a rank change from 103rd to 99th. The population of Turkmenistan will increase by 24.2% to 9,688,197 people and rank change from 104th to 101st.
Laos is projected to reach its peak in 2068 at 10.2M people compared to the peak of 10.4M people in 2079 for Turkmenistan.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Laos
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
| 2100 | -0.5% | -0.29% |
| 2099 | -0.49% | -0.27% |
| 2098 | -0.47% | -0.26% |
| 2097 | -0.46% | -0.24% |
| 2096 | -0.45% | -0.23% |
| 2095 | -0.44% | -0.22% |
| 2094 | -0.43% | -0.21% |
| 2093 | -0.42% | -0.19% |
| 2092 | -0.41% | -0.18% |
| 2091 | -0.4% | -0.17% |
| 2090 | -0.38% | -0.15% |
| 2089 | -0.37% | -0.14% |
| 2088 | -0.35% | -0.13% |
| 2087 | -0.34% | -0.11% |
| 2086 | -0.32% | -0.1% |
| 2085 | -0.3% | -0.08% |
| 2084 | -0.29% | -0.07% |
| 2083 | -0.27% | -0.06% |
| 2082 | -0.26% | -0.04% |
| 2081 | -0.24% | -0.03% |
| 2080 | -0.23% | -0.008% |
| 2079 | -0.21% | 0.01% |
| 2078 | -0.2% | 0.03% |
| 2077 | -0.17% | 0.04% |
| 2076 | -0.16% | 0.06% |
| 2075 | -0.14% | 0.07% |
| 2074 | -0.12% | 0.09% |
| 2073 | -0.1% | 0.1% |
| 2072 | -0.07% | 0.12% |
| 2071 | -0.06% | 0.13% |
| 2070 | -0.03% | 0.14% |
| 2069 | -0.003% | 0.15% |
| 2068 | 0.02% | 0.16% |
| 2067 | 0.05% | 0.17% |
| 2066 | 0.07% | 0.18% |
| 2065 | 0.09% | 0.19% |
| 2064 | 0.12% | 0.2% |
| 2063 | 0.14% | 0.22% |
| 2062 | 0.17% | 0.24% |
| 2061 | 0.2% | 0.25% |
| 2060 | 0.22% | 0.28% |
| 2059 | 0.25% | 0.31% |
| 2058 | 0.28% | 0.33% |
| 2057 | 0.31% | 0.36% |
| 2056 | 0.33% | 0.4% |
| 2055 | 0.36% | 0.43% |
| 2054 | 0.4% | 0.47% |
| 2053 | 0.42% | 0.51% |
| 2052 | 0.45% | 0.55% |
| 2051 | 0.48% | 0.59% |
| 2050 | 0.5% | 0.63% |
| 2049 | 0.54% | 0.68% |
| 2048 | 0.56% | 0.71% |
| 2047 | 0.6% | 0.75% |
| 2046 | 0.62% | 0.78% |
| 2045 | 0.65% | 0.81% |
| 2044 | 0.67% | 0.83% |
| 2043 | 0.72% | 0.85% |
| 2042 | 0.74% | 0.87% |
| 2041 | 0.77% | 0.88% |
| 2040 | 0.8% | 0.89% |
| 2039 | 0.84% | 0.9% |
| 2038 | 0.87% | 0.91% |
| 2037 | 0.9% | 0.92% |
| 2036 | 0.93% | 0.93% |
| 2035 | 0.96% | 0.94% |
| 2034 | 0.99% | 0.96% |
| 2033 | 1.03% | 0.97% |
| 2032 | 1.07% | 1% |
| 2031 | 1.1% | 1.04% |
| 2030 | 1.14% | 1.15% |
| 2029 | 1.18% | 1.27% |
| 2028 | 1.22% | 1.38% |
| 2027 | 1.26% | 1.49% |
| 2026 | 1.31% | 1.6% |
| 2025 | 1.33% | 1.66% |
| 2024 | 1.37% | 1.77% |
| 2023 | 1.4% | 1.86% |
| 2022 | 1.42% | 1.95% |
| 2021 | 1.45% | 2.05% |
| 2020 | 1.5% | 2.15% |
| 2019 | 1.54% | 2.23% |
| 2018 | 1.57% | 2.28% |
| 2017 | 1.58% | 2.31% |
| 2016 | 1.58% | 2.32% |
| 2015 | 1.47% | 2.31% |
| 2014 | 1.39% | 2.29% |
| 2013 | 1.42% | 2.25% |
| 2012 | 1.44% | 2.2% |
| 2011 | 1.46% | 2.14% |
| 2010 | 1.48% | 2.07% |
| 2009 | 1.51% | 1.99% |
| 2008 | 1.53% | 1.93% |
| 2007 | 1.56% | 1.88% |
| 2006 | 1.6% | 1.88% |
| 2005 | 1.52% | 1.9% |
| 2004 | 1.47% | 1.94% |
| 2003 | 1.55% | 1.98% |
| 2002 | 1.62% | 2.01% |
| 2001 | 1.66% | 2.02% |
| 2000 | 1.69% | 2.01% |
| 1999 | 1.76% | 1.85% |
| 1998 | 1.87% | 1.7% |
| 1997 | 2.11% | 1.71% |
| 1996 | 2.36% | 1.73% |
| 1995 | 2.5% | 1.81% |
| 1994 | 2.65% | 2.09% |
| 1993 | 2.75% | 2.22% |
| 1992 | 2.81% | 2.3% |
| 1991 | 2.86% | 2.54% |
| 1990 | 2.89% | 2.68% |
| 1989 | 2.91% | 2.9% |
| 1988 | 2.91% | 3.09% |
| 1987 | 2.88% | 3.13% |
| 1986 | 2.85% | 3.09% |
| 1985 | 2.81% | 2.96% |
| 1984 | 2.73% | 2.82% |
| 1983 | 2.64% | 2.75% |
| 1982 | 2.48% | 2.7% |
| 1981 | 2.25% | 2.65% |
| 1980 | 1.99% | 2.6% |
| 1979 | 1.78% | 2.57% |
| 1978 | 1.69% | 2.56% |
| 1977 | 1.76% | 2.56% |
| 1976 | 1.97% | 2.56% |
| 1975 | 2.24% | 2.57% |
| 1974 | 2.41% | 2.58% |
| 1973 | 2.46% | 2.57% |
| 1972 | 2.45% | 2.59% |
| 1971 | 2.43% | 2.62% |
| 1970 | 2.41% | 2.65% |
| 1969 | 2.38% | 2.69% |
| 1968 | 2.36% | 2.75% |
| 1967 | 2.33% | 2.82% |
| 1966 | 2.31% | 2.91% |
| 1965 | 2.3% | 3.01% |
| 1964 | 2.28% | 3.09% |
| 1963 | 2.3% | 3.15% |
| 1962 | 2.31% | 3.17% |
| 1961 | 2.28% | 3.16% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/laos/turkmenistan | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Laos grew by 1.33%, while Turkmenistan's population grew by 1.66%.
Live population counters
|
Laos
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
8027464
|
7800189
|
| Population rank | 103/197 | 104/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.1% | 0.09% |
| One net population change |
5.11 minutes
|
4.24 minutes
|
| One birth every |
3.23 minutes
|
3.35 minutes
|
| One death every |
10.9 minutes
|
12 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +283 | +341 |
| Annual growth/decline | +103,227 | +124,349 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +1.33% | +1.66% |
| Population growth rate rank | 76/197 | 63/197 |
| One migration net change every |
49.5 minutes
|
39.7 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -10,645 | +13,268 |
| Net migration rank | 134/196 | 39/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 51,446 | 193,763 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 149/195 | 115/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.7% | 2.6% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 166/195 | 125/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Laos
|
Turkmenistan
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -10,645 | - | 13,268 |
| 2024 | 114,574 | -10,284 | 112,942 | 14,646 |
| 2023 | 115,359 | -10,003 | 117,529 | 15,005 |
| 2022 | 116,620 | -10,003 | 121,814 | 14,141 |
| 2021 | 115,323 | -10,305 | 122,721 | 17,617 |
| 2020 | 118,609 | -10,305 | 124,014 | 19,913 |
| 2019 | 119,797 | -10,305 | 128,275 | 19,735 |
| 2018 | 119,986 | -10,305 | 129,537 | 19,293 |
| 2017 | 120,515 | -10,400 | 131,417 | 16,678 |
| 2016 | 119,978 | -11,401 | 132,581 | 13,365 |
| 2015 | 118,723 | -12,991 | 132,663 | 9,936 |
| 2014 | 118,103 | -26,881 | 129,677 | 8,696 |
| 2013 | 119,845 | -27,492 | 126,217 | 7,287 |
| 2012 | 121,324 | -28,871 | 120,957 | 7,125 |
| 2011 | 122,863 | -30,538 | 115,197 | 6,992 |
| 2010 | 122,516 | -30,046 | 109,318 | 6,621 |
| 2009 | 122,174 | -29,545 | 102,931 | 6,656 |
| 2008 | 121,042 | -28,318 | 96,815 | 6,734 |
| 2007 | 119,980 | -27,233 | 92,038 | 6,388 |
| 2006 | 118,602 | -25,286 | 87,840 | 7,613 |
| 2005 | 118,165 | -24,138 | 83,968 | 10,263 |
| 2004 | 121,888 | -40,120 | 79,850 | 14,242 |
| 2003 | 122,158 | -36,572 | 76,737 | 17,625 |
| 2002 | 122,110 | -33,595 | 75,639 | 18,803 |
| 2001 | 123,847 | -33,552 | 76,682 | 16,982 |
| 2000 | 124,201 | -33,965 | 76,875 | 14,925 |
| 1999 | 127,255 | -36,632 | 76,362 | 12,859 |
| 1998 | 128,409 | -33,997 | 77,342 | -3,239 |
| 1997 | 130,388 | -32,288 | 79,045 | -5,600 |
| 1996 | 131,142 | -16,574 | 80,996 | -8,627 |
| 1995 | 132,241 | -14,279 | 86,289 | -13,423 |
| 1994 | 134,201 | -11,782 | 89,319 | -13,094 |
| 1993 | 135,295 | -9,390 | 92,596 | -312 |
| 1992 | 132,417 | -7,502 | 96,668 | -13,517 |
| 1991 | 129,523 | -5,390 | 99,297 | -4,864 |
| 1990 | 125,297 | -3,100 | 101,099 | -4,864 |
| 1989 | 121,044 | -1,272 | 103,553 | -3,576 |
| 1988 | 117,050 | -80 | 104,802 | 1,408 |
| 1987 | 113,005 | 0 | 103,885 | 3,161 |
| 1986 | 109,266 | -475 | 100,930 | 1,878 |
| 1985 | 106,047 | -1,376 | 95,890 | 1,861 |
| 1984 | 102,318 | -2,698 | 90,591 | -1,427 |
| 1983 | 98,178 | -4,108 | 85,183 | -1,264 |
| 1982 | 94,058 | -6,184 | 80,989 | -961 |
| 1981 | 89,963 | -11,061 | 77,829 | -1,102 |
| 1980 | 86,548 | -17,339 | 74,394 | -1,152 |
| 1979 | 82,852 | -23,317 | 71,135 | -677 |
| 1978 | 80,604 | -27,208 | 68,437 | -350 |
| 1977 | 79,149 | -26,908 | 66,318 | -132 |
| 1976 | 77,575 | -21,738 | 64,513 | 160 |
| 1975 | 76,725 | -13,858 | 62,681 | 550 |
| 1974 | 74,652 | -6,000 | 60,925 | 924 |
| 1973 | 70,513 | -774 | 59,169 | 1,194 |
| 1972 | 68,095 | 0 | 57,326 | 1,293 |
| 1971 | 65,959 | 0 | 56,666 | 1,348 |
| 1970 | 63,896 | 0 | 55,617 | 1,376 |
| 1969 | 61,595 | 0 | 54,791 | 1,397 |
| 1968 | 59,567 | 0 | 54,324 | 1,401 |
| 1967 | 57,763 | 0 | 54,209 | 1,397 |
| 1966 | 55,494 | 0 | 54,353 | 1,377 |
| 1965 | 54,268 | 0 | 54,558 | 1,366 |
| 1964 | 52,482 | 0 | 54,574 | 1,340 |
| 1963 | 51,056 | 0 | 54,203 | 1,332 |
| 1962 | 51,244 | 0 | 53,248 | 1,337 |
| 1961 | 48,992 | 0 | 51,659 | 1,372 |
| 1960 | 47,575 | 0 | 49,436 | 1,421 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/laos/turkmenistan | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 91.7% of the population change in Laos is from natural causes (a gain of 1,179,484 people) and 8.27% is from migration (a loss of 106,302 people). In Turkmenistan 88.7% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,253,493 people) and 11.3% is from migration (a gain of 160,329 people).
As of 2024, 51,446 residents or 0.7% of the population were not native-born in Laos, compared to 193,763 people or 2.6% in Turkmenistan.
Biggest cities by population
|
Laos
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Vientiane | 948K |
| Thakhek | 90.8K |
| Luang Prabang | 53.8K |
| Vang Vieng | 25K |
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Ashgabat | 1.03M |
| Turkmenabat | 231K |
| Dasoguz | 227K |
| Mary | 126K |
| Anau | 29.6K |
| Baherden | 24.7K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Laos and Turkmenistan
|
Laos
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 69.7 years | 70.5 years |
| Average age | 28.6 years | 29.4 years |
| Median age | 26 years | 27.8 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.2:49.8 | 49.1:50.9 |
| Fertility rate | 2.4 births per woman | 2.66 births per woman |
| Population density | 89.5 ppl/mi² | 42.7 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/laos/turkmenistan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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