The latest officially reported population of South Sudan was 12,188,788 in 2025 vs 7,618,847 people in Turkmenistan in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current South Sudan's population is 12,565,048 people compared to 7,800,189 in Turkmenistan.
Population statistics:
- South Sudan's population is 1.61 times bigger than Turkmenistan's.
- South Sudan is ranked the 80th most populous country in the world, while Turkmenistan is the 104th.
- The countries together account for 0.25% of the world: 0.15% for South Sudan vs 0.09% for Turkmenistan.
- For the last 10 years, South Sudan has had an average growth rate of +0.78% per year vs +2.08% in Turkmenistan.
- Since 2006, the population of South Sudan has increased from 7.98M people to 12.6M (57.5% growth), while Turkmenistan has grown from 5.15M to 7.8M (51.5% growth).
South Sudan vs Turkmenistan: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 2100 | 24,078,379 | 10,041,228 |
| 2099 | 24,072,957 | 10,070,007 |
| 2098 | 24,054,947 | 10,097,571 |
| 2097 | 24,056,753 | 10,123,813 |
| 2096 | 24,045,972 | 10,148,560 |
| 2095 | 24,037,837 | 10,172,371 |
| 2094 | 24,039,267 | 10,194,567 |
| 2093 | 24,030,512 | 10,215,533 |
| 2092 | 24,010,555 | 10,235,132 |
| 2091 | 23,991,816 | 10,253,189 |
| 2090 | 23,970,012 | 10,270,414 |
| 2089 | 23,929,017 | 10,285,963 |
| 2088 | 23,883,712 | 10,300,439 |
| 2087 | 23,848,809 | 10,313,629 |
| 2086 | 23,794,890 | 10,325,212 |
| 2085 | 23,750,772 | 10,335,299 |
| 2084 | 23,678,728 | 10,343,821 |
| 2083 | 23,609,290 | 10,350,710 |
| 2082 | 23,532,790 | 10,356,526 |
| 2081 | 23,458,146 | 10,360,689 |
| 2080 | 23,383,482 | 10,363,394 |
| 2079 | 23,286,011 | 10,364,229 |
| 2078 | 23,188,860 | 10,363,113 |
| 2077 | 23,078,416 | 10,360,467 |
| 2076 | 22,979,198 | 10,356,079 |
| 2075 | 22,860,496 | 10,349,863 |
| 2074 | 22,718,148 | 10,342,496 |
| 2073 | 22,575,682 | 10,333,532 |
| 2072 | 22,431,004 | 10,322,776 |
| 2071 | 22,280,140 | 10,310,748 |
| 2070 | 22,143,813 | 10,297,702 |
| 2069 | 21,995,874 | 10,283,723 |
| 2068 | 21,822,076 | 10,268,779 |
| 2067 | 21,654,546 | 10,252,681 |
| 2066 | 21,489,275 | 10,235,535 |
| 2065 | 21,309,913 | 10,217,603 |
| 2064 | 21,134,522 | 10,198,228 |
| 2063 | 20,957,705 | 10,177,447 |
| 2062 | 20,777,701 | 10,155,121 |
| 2061 | 20,601,672 | 10,131,160 |
| 2060 | 20,423,629 | 10,105,616 |
| 2059 | 20,227,862 | 10,077,893 |
| 2058 | 20,041,880 | 10,047,185 |
| 2057 | 19,846,671 | 10,013,846 |
| 2056 | 19,652,407 | 9,977,699 |
| 2055 | 19,457,411 | 9,938,273 |
| 2054 | 19,250,667 | 9,895,840 |
| 2053 | 19,053,773 | 9,849,324 |
| 2052 | 18,833,795 | 9,799,331 |
| 2051 | 18,626,605 | 9,745,673 |
| 2050 | 18,427,690 | 9,688,197 |
| 2049 | 18,224,430 | 9,627,119 |
| 2048 | 18,014,650 | 9,562,502 |
| 2047 | 17,799,982 | 9,494,734 |
| 2046 | 17,572,953 | 9,423,990 |
| 2045 | 17,348,901 | 9,350,870 |
| 2044 | 17,115,914 | 9,275,707 |
| 2043 | 16,882,303 | 9,199,229 |
| 2042 | 16,639,465 | 9,121,705 |
| 2041 | 16,390,966 | 9,043,208 |
| 2040 | 16,137,104 | 8,964,374 |
| 2039 | 15,884,330 | 8,885,167 |
| 2038 | 15,622,514 | 8,805,836 |
| 2037 | 15,358,539 | 8,726,399 |
| 2036 | 15,085,936 | 8,646,796 |
| 2035 | 14,810,066 | 8,567,354 |
| 2034 | 14,538,365 | 8,487,651 |
| 2033 | 14,273,128 | 8,407,327 |
| 2032 | 14,002,178 | 8,326,172 |
| 2031 | 13,725,779 | 8,243,436 |
| 2030 | 13,460,850 | 8,158,380 |
| 2029 | 13,201,804 | 8,065,431 |
| 2028 | 12,942,501 | 7,964,546 |
| 2027 | 12,688,278 | 7,856,302 |
| 2026 | 12,434,895 | 7,740,924 |
| 2025 | 12,188,788 | 7,618,847 |
| 2024 | 11,943,408 | 7,494,498 |
| 2023 | 11,483,374 | 7,364,438 |
| 2022 | 11,021,177 | 7,230,193 |
| 2021 | 10,865,780 | 7,092,043 |
| 2020 | 10,698,467 | 6,949,912 |
| 2019 | 10,423,384 | 6,803,944 |
| 2018 | 10,122,977 | 6,655,524 |
| 2017 | 10,259,154 | 6,507,061 |
| 2016 | 10,830,102 | 6,360,041 |
| 2015 | 11,107,561 | 6,215,770 |
| 2014 | 11,235,073 | 6,075,283 |
| 2013 | 11,166,275 | 5,939,341 |
| 2012 | 10,756,240 | 5,808,546 |
| 2011 | 10,288,109 | 5,683,417 |
| 2010 | 9,745,953 | 5,564,356 |
| 2009 | 9,243,556 | 5,451,592 |
| 2008 | 8,817,647 | 5,345,029 |
| 2007 | 8,388,788 | 5,244,046 |
| 2006 | 7,976,526 | 5,147,105 |
| 2005 | 7,590,143 | 5,052,257 |
| 2004 | 7,233,041 | 4,958,093 |
| 2003 | 6,903,127 | 4,863,865 |
| 2002 | 6,596,806 | 4,769,465 |
| 2001 | 6,308,391 | 4,675,409 |
| 2000 | 6,032,267 | 4,582,677 |
| 1999 | 5,771,628 | 4,492,170 |
| 1998 | 5,620,068 | 4,410,507 |
| 1997 | 5,509,136 | 4,336,730 |
| 1996 | 5,356,925 | 4,263,819 |
| 1995 | 5,225,836 | 4,191,203 |
| 1994 | 5,071,184 | 4,116,662 |
| 1993 | 4,956,002 | 4,032,407 |
| 1992 | 4,909,749 | 3,944,689 |
| 1991 | 4,836,677 | 3,855,894 |
| 1990 | 4,737,633 | 3,760,562 |
| 1989 | 4,713,229 | 3,662,459 |
| 1988 | 4,848,029 | 3,559,363 |
| 1987 | 4,962,395 | 3,452,731 |
| 1986 | 4,921,240 | 3,347,809 |
| 1985 | 4,834,296 | 3,247,534 |
| 1984 | 4,750,627 | 3,154,079 |
| 1983 | 4,661,574 | 3,067,534 |
| 1982 | 4,557,686 | 2,985,557 |
| 1981 | 4,447,272 | 2,907,187 |
| 1980 | 4,339,030 | 2,832,203 |
| 1979 | 4,232,605 | 2,760,358 |
| 1978 | 4,127,657 | 2,691,088 |
| 1977 | 4,024,032 | 2,623,948 |
| 1976 | 3,921,910 | 2,558,521 |
| 1975 | 3,821,494 | 2,494,570 |
| 1974 | 3,723,259 | 2,432,028 |
| 1973 | 3,627,383 | 2,370,919 |
| 1972 | 3,542,497 | 2,311,430 |
| 1971 | 3,468,646 | 2,253,119 |
| 1970 | 3,409,614 | 2,195,616 |
| 1969 | 3,365,533 | 2,139,024 |
| 1968 | 3,321,528 | 2,083,069 |
| 1967 | 3,277,648 | 2,027,403 |
| 1966 | 3,236,423 | 1,971,737 |
| 1965 | 3,189,835 | 1,915,916 |
| 1964 | 3,129,918 | 1,859,997 |
| 1963 | 3,072,669 | 1,804,272 |
| 1962 | 3,024,308 | 1,749,214 |
| 1961 | 2,976,724 | 1,695,400 |
| 1960 | 2,931,559 | 1,643,457 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/south-sudan/turkmenistan | CC BY
From 2006 to 2016, the population of South Sudan increased by 2,853,576 people (a 35.8% growth), while Turkmenistan gained 1,212,936 people (a 23.6% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, South Sudan gained 1,734,946 people (a 16% growth), while Turkmenistan's population increased by 1,440,148 people (a 22.6% growth).
South Sudan was ranked 92nd most populous country in 2006 and is 80th in 2026. Turkmenistan was ranked 113th in 2006 and ranked 104th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) South Sudan's population will grow by 46.7% to 18,427,690 people with a rank change from 80th to 78th. The population of Turkmenistan will increase by 24.2% to 9,688,197 people and rank change from 104th to 101st.
South Sudan is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 24.1M people compared to the peak of 10.4M people in 2079 for Turkmenistan.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 2100 | 0.02% | -0.29% |
| 2099 | 0.07% | -0.27% |
| 2098 | -0.008% | -0.26% |
| 2097 | 0.04% | -0.24% |
| 2096 | 0.03% | -0.23% |
| 2095 | -0.006% | -0.22% |
| 2094 | 0.04% | -0.21% |
| 2093 | 0.08% | -0.19% |
| 2092 | 0.08% | -0.18% |
| 2091 | 0.09% | -0.17% |
| 2090 | 0.17% | -0.15% |
| 2089 | 0.19% | -0.14% |
| 2088 | 0.15% | -0.13% |
| 2087 | 0.23% | -0.11% |
| 2086 | 0.19% | -0.1% |
| 2085 | 0.3% | -0.08% |
| 2084 | 0.29% | -0.07% |
| 2083 | 0.33% | -0.06% |
| 2082 | 0.32% | -0.04% |
| 2081 | 0.32% | -0.03% |
| 2080 | 0.42% | -0.008% |
| 2079 | 0.42% | 0.01% |
| 2078 | 0.48% | 0.03% |
| 2077 | 0.43% | 0.04% |
| 2076 | 0.52% | 0.06% |
| 2075 | 0.63% | 0.07% |
| 2074 | 0.63% | 0.09% |
| 2073 | 0.64% | 0.1% |
| 2072 | 0.68% | 0.12% |
| 2071 | 0.62% | 0.13% |
| 2070 | 0.67% | 0.14% |
| 2069 | 0.8% | 0.15% |
| 2068 | 0.77% | 0.16% |
| 2067 | 0.77% | 0.17% |
| 2066 | 0.84% | 0.18% |
| 2065 | 0.83% | 0.19% |
| 2064 | 0.84% | 0.2% |
| 2063 | 0.87% | 0.22% |
| 2062 | 0.85% | 0.24% |
| 2061 | 0.87% | 0.25% |
| 2060 | 0.97% | 0.28% |
| 2059 | 0.93% | 0.31% |
| 2058 | 0.98% | 0.33% |
| 2057 | 0.99% | 0.36% |
| 2056 | 1% | 0.4% |
| 2055 | 1.07% | 0.43% |
| 2054 | 1.03% | 0.47% |
| 2053 | 1.17% | 0.51% |
| 2052 | 1.11% | 0.55% |
| 2051 | 1.08% | 0.59% |
| 2050 | 1.12% | 0.63% |
| 2049 | 1.16% | 0.68% |
| 2048 | 1.21% | 0.71% |
| 2047 | 1.29% | 0.75% |
| 2046 | 1.29% | 0.78% |
| 2045 | 1.36% | 0.81% |
| 2044 | 1.38% | 0.83% |
| 2043 | 1.46% | 0.85% |
| 2042 | 1.52% | 0.87% |
| 2041 | 1.57% | 0.88% |
| 2040 | 1.59% | 0.89% |
| 2039 | 1.68% | 0.9% |
| 2038 | 1.72% | 0.91% |
| 2037 | 1.81% | 0.92% |
| 2036 | 1.86% | 0.93% |
| 2035 | 1.87% | 0.94% |
| 2034 | 1.86% | 0.96% |
| 2033 | 1.94% | 0.97% |
| 2032 | 2.01% | 1% |
| 2031 | 1.97% | 1.04% |
| 2030 | 1.96% | 1.15% |
| 2029 | 2% | 1.27% |
| 2028 | 2% | 1.38% |
| 2027 | 2.04% | 1.49% |
| 2026 | 2.02% | 1.6% |
| 2025 | 2.05% | 1.66% |
| 2024 | 4.01% | 1.77% |
| 2023 | 4.19% | 1.86% |
| 2022 | 1.43% | 1.95% |
| 2021 | 1.56% | 2.05% |
| 2020 | 2.64% | 2.15% |
| 2019 | 2.97% | 2.23% |
| 2018 | -1.33% | 2.28% |
| 2017 | -5.27% | 2.31% |
| 2016 | -2.5% | 2.32% |
| 2015 | -1.13% | 2.31% |
| 2014 | 0.62% | 2.29% |
| 2013 | 3.81% | 2.25% |
| 2012 | 4.55% | 2.2% |
| 2011 | 5.56% | 2.14% |
| 2010 | 5.44% | 2.07% |
| 2009 | 4.83% | 1.99% |
| 2008 | 5.11% | 1.93% |
| 2007 | 5.17% | 1.88% |
| 2006 | 5.09% | 1.88% |
| 2005 | 4.94% | 1.9% |
| 2004 | 4.78% | 1.94% |
| 2003 | 4.64% | 1.98% |
| 2002 | 4.57% | 2.01% |
| 2001 | 4.58% | 2.02% |
| 2000 | 4.52% | 2.01% |
| 1999 | 2.7% | 1.85% |
| 1998 | 2.01% | 1.7% |
| 1997 | 2.84% | 1.71% |
| 1996 | 2.51% | 1.73% |
| 1995 | 3.05% | 1.81% |
| 1994 | 2.32% | 2.09% |
| 1993 | 0.94% | 2.22% |
| 1992 | 1.51% | 2.3% |
| 1991 | 2.09% | 2.54% |
| 1990 | 0.52% | 2.68% |
| 1989 | -2.78% | 2.9% |
| 1988 | -2.3% | 3.09% |
| 1987 | 0.84% | 3.13% |
| 1986 | 1.8% | 3.09% |
| 1985 | 1.76% | 2.96% |
| 1984 | 1.91% | 2.82% |
| 1983 | 2.28% | 2.75% |
| 1982 | 2.48% | 2.7% |
| 1981 | 2.49% | 2.65% |
| 1980 | 2.51% | 2.6% |
| 1979 | 2.54% | 2.57% |
| 1978 | 2.58% | 2.56% |
| 1977 | 2.6% | 2.56% |
| 1976 | 2.63% | 2.56% |
| 1975 | 2.64% | 2.57% |
| 1974 | 2.64% | 2.58% |
| 1973 | 2.4% | 2.57% |
| 1972 | 2.13% | 2.59% |
| 1971 | 1.73% | 2.62% |
| 1970 | 1.31% | 2.65% |
| 1969 | 1.32% | 2.69% |
| 1968 | 1.34% | 2.75% |
| 1967 | 1.27% | 2.82% |
| 1966 | 1.46% | 2.91% |
| 1965 | 1.91% | 3.01% |
| 1964 | 1.86% | 3.09% |
| 1963 | 1.6% | 3.15% |
| 1962 | 1.6% | 3.17% |
| 1961 | 1.54% | 3.16% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/south-sudan/turkmenistan | CC BY
In 2025, the population of South Sudan grew by 2.05%, while Turkmenistan's population grew by 1.66%.
Live population counters
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
12565048
|
7800189
|
| Population rank | 80/197 | 104/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.15% | 0.09% |
| One net population change |
2.15 minutes
|
4.24 minutes
|
| One birth every |
1.51 minutes
|
3.35 minutes
|
| One death every |
4.48 minutes
|
12 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +672 | +341 |
| Annual growth/decline | +245,380 | +124,349 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.05% | +1.66% |
| Population growth rate rank | 48/197 | 63/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.43 hours
|
39.7 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +6,145 | +13,268 |
| Net migration rank | 50/196 | 39/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 914,001 | 193,763 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 62/195 | 115/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 7.7% | 2.6% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 77/195 | 125/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 6,145 | - | 13,268 |
| 2024 | 231,714 | 15,374 | 112,942 | 14,646 |
| 2023 | 217,966 | 455,000 | 117,529 | 15,005 |
| 2022 | 211,166 | 40,259 | 121,814 | 14,141 |
| 2021 | 213,567 | -154,359 | 122,721 | 17,617 |
| 2020 | 212,332 | 62,935 | 124,014 | 19,913 |
| 2019 | 209,708 | 65,198 | 128,275 | 19,735 |
| 2018 | 168,497 | 157,408 | 129,537 | 19,293 |
| 2017 | 72,193 | -670,477 | 131,417 | 16,678 |
| 2016 | 110,553 | -654,225 | 132,581 | 13,365 |
| 2015 | 148,542 | -159,822 | 132,663 | 9,936 |
| 2014 | 227,611 | -471,523 | 129,677 | 8,696 |
| 2013 | 315,983 | 65,337 | 126,217 | 7,287 |
| 2012 | 312,974 | 125,771 | 120,957 | 7,125 |
| 2011 | 303,181 | 194,325 | 115,197 | 6,992 |
| 2010 | 287,409 | 299,402 | 109,318 | 6,621 |
| 2009 | 278,859 | 139,129 | 102,931 | 6,656 |
| 2008 | 268,268 | 165,557 | 96,815 | 6,734 |
| 2007 | 256,546 | 167,350 | 92,038 | 6,388 |
| 2006 | 246,706 | 153,926 | 87,840 | 7,613 |
| 2005 | 239,272 | 132,869 | 83,968 | 10,263 |
| 2004 | 231,877 | 110,182 | 79,850 | 14,242 |
| 2003 | 225,822 | 91,951 | 76,737 | 17,625 |
| 2002 | 212,014 | 82,847 | 75,639 | 18,803 |
| 2001 | 204,108 | 77,856 | 76,682 | 16,982 |
| 2000 | 196,055 | 74,227 | 76,875 | 14,925 |
| 1999 | 180,721 | 70,271 | 76,362 | 12,859 |
| 1998 | -12,157 | 64,285 | 77,342 | -3,239 |
| 1997 | 121,454 | 48,280 | 79,045 | -5,600 |
| 1996 | 116,728 | 17,953 | 80,996 | -8,627 |
| 1995 | 110,417 | 17,077 | 86,289 | -13,423 |
| 1994 | 165,407 | 16,407 | 89,319 | -13,094 |
| 1993 | 32,779 | 15,772 | 92,596 | -312 |
| 1992 | 28,874 | 15,077 | 96,668 | -13,517 |
| 1991 | 87,873 | 14,327 | 99,297 | -4,864 |
| 1990 | 82,900 | 12,988 | 101,099 | -4,864 |
| 1989 | 83,735 | -130,821 | 103,553 | -3,576 |
| 1988 | -125,447 | -97,065 | 104,802 | 1,408 |
| 1987 | 5,756 | -11,976 | 103,885 | 3,161 |
| 1986 | 99,502 | -10,973 | 100,930 | 1,878 |
| 1985 | 95,342 | -9,986 | 95,890 | 1,861 |
| 1984 | 90,970 | -8,984 | 90,591 | -1,427 |
| 1983 | 104,107 | -7,986 | 85,183 | -1,264 |
| 1982 | 118,641 | -6,983 | 80,989 | -961 |
| 1981 | 115,163 | -5,994 | 77,829 | -1,102 |
| 1980 | 112,307 | -4,997 | 74,394 | -1,152 |
| 1979 | 109,540 | -3,997 | 71,135 | -677 |
| 1978 | 107,352 | -2,998 | 68,437 | -350 |
| 1977 | 104,886 | -1,997 | 66,318 | -132 |
| 1976 | 102,346 | -995 | 64,513 | 160 |
| 1975 | 99,882 | -395 | 62,681 | 550 |
| 1974 | 97,181 | -192 | 60,925 | 924 |
| 1973 | 94,765 | 0 | 59,169 | 1,194 |
| 1972 | 74,803 | 193 | 57,326 | 1,293 |
| 1971 | 72,308 | 394 | 56,666 | 1,348 |
| 1970 | 44,776 | 587 | 55,617 | 1,376 |
| 1969 | 42,015 | 786 | 54,791 | 1,397 |
| 1968 | 44,213 | 995 | 54,324 | 1,401 |
| 1967 | 41,357 | 1,194 | 54,209 | 1,397 |
| 1966 | 38,523 | 1,386 | 54,353 | 1,377 |
| 1965 | 51,682 | 1,591 | 54,558 | 1,366 |
| 1964 | 64,786 | 1,785 | 54,574 | 1,340 |
| 1963 | 46,333 | 1,591 | 54,203 | 1,332 |
| 1962 | 47,406 | 1,386 | 53,248 | 1,337 |
| 1961 | 45,186 | 1,194 | 51,659 | 1,372 |
| 1960 | 42,945 | 995 | 49,436 | 1,421 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/south-sudan/turkmenistan | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 68.1% of the population change in South Sudan is from natural causes (a gain of 1,796,238 people) and 31.9% is from migration (a loss of 842,709 people). In Turkmenistan 88.7% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,253,493 people) and 11.3% is from migration (a gain of 160,329 people).
As of 2024, 914,001 residents or 7.7% of the population were not native-born in South Sudan, compared to 193,763 people or 2.6% in Turkmenistan.
Biggest cities by population
|
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Juba | 500K |
| Wau | 321K |
| Bor | 315K |
| Malakal | 147K |
| Yambio | 130K |
|
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Ashgabat | 1.03M |
| Turkmenabat | 231K |
| Dasoguz | 227K |
| Mary | 126K |
| Anau | 29.6K |
| Baherden | 24.7K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between South Sudan and Turkmenistan
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 58 years | 70.5 years |
| Average age | 24.5 years | 29.4 years |
| Median age | 19.7 years | 27.8 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.2:50.8 | 49.1:50.9 |
| Fertility rate | 3.79 births per woman | 2.66 births per woman |
| Population density | 51 ppl/mi² | 42.7 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/south-sudan/turkmenistan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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