The latest officially reported population of Bahrain was 1,600,366 in 2025 vs 7,618,847 people in Turkmenistan in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Bahrain's population is 1,649,267 people compared to 7,800,189 in Turkmenistan.
Population statistics:
- Turkmenistan's population is 4.73 times bigger than Bahrain's.
- Bahrain is ranked the 151st most populous country in the world, while Turkmenistan is the 104th.
- The countries together account for 0.11% of the world: 0.02% for Bahrain vs 0.09% for Turkmenistan.
- For the last 10 years, Bahrain has had an average growth rate of +1.83% per year vs +2.08% in Turkmenistan.
- Since 2006, the population of Bahrain has increased from 960K people to 1.65M (71.7% growth), while Turkmenistan has grown from 5.15M to 7.8M (51.5% growth).
Bahrain vs Turkmenistan: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Bahrain
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
| 2100 | 3,031,337 | 10,041,228 |
| 2099 | 3,011,916 | 10,070,007 |
| 2098 | 2,992,487 | 10,097,571 |
| 2097 | 2,973,093 | 10,123,813 |
| 2096 | 2,953,759 | 10,148,560 |
| 2095 | 2,934,466 | 10,172,371 |
| 2094 | 2,915,204 | 10,194,567 |
| 2093 | 2,896,001 | 10,215,533 |
| 2092 | 2,876,839 | 10,235,132 |
| 2091 | 2,857,700 | 10,253,189 |
| 2090 | 2,838,655 | 10,270,414 |
| 2089 | 2,819,707 | 10,285,963 |
| 2088 | 2,800,765 | 10,300,439 |
| 2087 | 2,781,926 | 10,313,629 |
| 2086 | 2,763,133 | 10,325,212 |
| 2085 | 2,744,327 | 10,335,299 |
| 2084 | 2,725,573 | 10,343,821 |
| 2083 | 2,706,819 | 10,350,710 |
| 2082 | 2,688,091 | 10,356,526 |
| 2081 | 2,669,405 | 10,360,689 |
| 2080 | 2,650,761 | 10,363,394 |
| 2079 | 2,632,128 | 10,364,229 |
| 2078 | 2,613,489 | 10,363,113 |
| 2077 | 2,594,847 | 10,360,467 |
| 2076 | 2,576,208 | 10,356,079 |
| 2075 | 2,557,513 | 10,349,863 |
| 2074 | 2,538,752 | 10,342,496 |
| 2073 | 2,519,971 | 10,333,532 |
| 2072 | 2,501,190 | 10,322,776 |
| 2071 | 2,482,346 | 10,310,748 |
| 2070 | 2,463,552 | 10,297,702 |
| 2069 | 2,444,735 | 10,283,723 |
| 2068 | 2,425,908 | 10,268,779 |
| 2067 | 2,407,081 | 10,252,681 |
| 2066 | 2,388,320 | 10,235,535 |
| 2065 | 2,369,644 | 10,217,603 |
| 2064 | 2,351,001 | 10,198,228 |
| 2063 | 2,332,422 | 10,177,447 |
| 2062 | 2,313,935 | 10,155,121 |
| 2061 | 2,295,551 | 10,131,160 |
| 2060 | 2,277,267 | 10,105,616 |
| 2059 | 2,259,033 | 10,077,893 |
| 2058 | 2,240,850 | 10,047,185 |
| 2057 | 2,222,771 | 10,013,846 |
| 2056 | 2,204,739 | 9,977,699 |
| 2055 | 2,186,699 | 9,938,273 |
| 2054 | 2,168,666 | 9,895,840 |
| 2053 | 2,150,594 | 9,849,324 |
| 2052 | 2,132,515 | 9,799,331 |
| 2051 | 2,114,430 | 9,745,673 |
| 2050 | 2,096,281 | 9,688,197 |
| 2049 | 2,078,112 | 9,627,119 |
| 2048 | 2,059,873 | 9,562,502 |
| 2047 | 2,041,553 | 9,494,734 |
| 2046 | 2,023,114 | 9,423,990 |
| 2045 | 2,004,578 | 9,350,870 |
| 2044 | 1,985,907 | 9,275,707 |
| 2043 | 1,967,174 | 9,199,229 |
| 2042 | 1,948,376 | 9,121,705 |
| 2041 | 1,929,535 | 9,043,208 |
| 2040 | 1,910,715 | 8,964,374 |
| 2039 | 1,891,961 | 8,885,167 |
| 2038 | 1,873,245 | 8,805,836 |
| 2037 | 1,854,637 | 8,726,399 |
| 2036 | 1,836,126 | 8,646,796 |
| 2035 | 1,817,753 | 8,567,354 |
| 2034 | 1,799,540 | 8,487,651 |
| 2033 | 1,781,495 | 8,407,327 |
| 2032 | 1,763,602 | 8,326,172 |
| 2031 | 1,745,865 | 8,243,436 |
| 2030 | 1,728,268 | 8,158,380 |
| 2029 | 1,709,742 | 8,065,431 |
| 2028 | 1,688,220 | 7,964,546 |
| 2027 | 1,663,819 | 7,856,302 |
| 2026 | 1,633,899 | 7,740,924 |
| 2025 | 1,600,366 | 7,618,847 |
| 2024 | 1,588,670 | 7,494,498 |
| 2023 | 1,577,059 | 7,364,438 |
| 2022 | 1,524,693 | 7,230,193 |
| 2021 | 1,504,365 | 7,092,043 |
| 2020 | 1,472,204 | 6,949,912 |
| 2019 | 1,483,756 | 6,803,944 |
| 2018 | 1,503,091 | 6,655,524 |
| 2017 | 1,501,116 | 6,507,061 |
| 2016 | 1,423,726 | 6,360,041 |
| 2015 | 1,370,322 | 6,215,770 |
| 2014 | 1,314,562 | 6,075,283 |
| 2013 | 1,253,191 | 5,939,341 |
| 2012 | 1,208,964 | 5,808,546 |
| 2011 | 1,195,020 | 5,683,417 |
| 2010 | 1,228,543 | 5,564,356 |
| 2009 | 1,178,415 | 5,451,592 |
| 2008 | 1,103,496 | 5,345,029 |
| 2007 | 1,039,295 | 5,244,046 |
| 2006 | 960,424 | 5,147,105 |
| 2005 | 888,822 | 5,052,257 |
| 2004 | 823,741 | 4,958,093 |
| 2003 | 764,517 | 4,863,865 |
| 2002 | 710,553 | 4,769,465 |
| 2001 | 661,316 | 4,675,409 |
| 2000 | 637,582 | 4,582,677 |
| 1999 | 620,989 | 4,492,170 |
| 1998 | 604,842 | 4,410,507 |
| 1997 | 589,115 | 4,336,730 |
| 1996 | 573,792 | 4,263,819 |
| 1995 | 558,879 | 4,191,203 |
| 1994 | 544,366 | 4,116,662 |
| 1993 | 530,225 | 4,032,407 |
| 1992 | 516,458 | 3,944,689 |
| 1991 | 503,052 | 3,855,894 |
| 1990 | 514,797 | 3,760,562 |
| 1989 | 497,327 | 3,662,459 |
| 1988 | 479,929 | 3,559,363 |
| 1987 | 462,854 | 3,452,731 |
| 1986 | 446,286 | 3,347,809 |
| 1985 | 430,358 | 3,247,534 |
| 1984 | 415,154 | 3,154,079 |
| 1983 | 400,707 | 3,067,534 |
| 1982 | 386,983 | 2,985,557 |
| 1981 | 373,524 | 2,907,187 |
| 1980 | 358,978 | 2,832,203 |
| 1979 | 343,457 | 2,760,358 |
| 1978 | 328,046 | 2,691,088 |
| 1977 | 312,823 | 2,623,948 |
| 1976 | 297,863 | 2,558,521 |
| 1975 | 283,243 | 2,494,570 |
| 1974 | 269,038 | 2,432,028 |
| 1973 | 255,320 | 2,370,919 |
| 1972 | 242,113 | 2,311,430 |
| 1971 | 230,733 | 2,253,119 |
| 1970 | 224,809 | 2,195,616 |
| 1969 | 222,469 | 2,139,024 |
| 1968 | 219,337 | 2,083,069 |
| 1967 | 214,189 | 2,027,403 |
| 1966 | 207,543 | 1,971,737 |
| 1965 | 200,866 | 1,915,916 |
| 1964 | 193,816 | 1,859,997 |
| 1963 | 186,501 | 1,804,272 |
| 1962 | 179,349 | 1,749,214 |
| 1961 | 172,346 | 1,695,400 |
| 1960 | 165,477 | 1,643,457 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/bahrain/turkmenistan | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Bahrain increased by 463,302 people (a 48.2% growth), while Turkmenistan gained 1,212,936 people (a 23.6% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Bahrain gained 225,541 people (a 15.8% growth), while Turkmenistan's population increased by 1,440,148 people (a 22.6% growth).
Bahrain was ranked 157th most populous country in 2006 and is 151st in 2026. Turkmenistan was ranked 113th in 2006 and ranked 104th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Bahrain's population will grow by 27.1% to 2,096,281 people with a rank change from 151st to 146th. The population of Turkmenistan will increase by 24.2% to 9,688,197 people and rank change from 104th to 101st.
Bahrain is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 3.03M people compared to the peak of 10.4M people in 2079 for Turkmenistan.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Bahrain
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
| 2100 | 0.64% | -0.29% |
| 2099 | 0.65% | -0.27% |
| 2098 | 0.65% | -0.26% |
| 2097 | 0.65% | -0.24% |
| 2096 | 0.66% | -0.23% |
| 2095 | 0.66% | -0.22% |
| 2094 | 0.66% | -0.21% |
| 2093 | 0.67% | -0.19% |
| 2092 | 0.67% | -0.18% |
| 2091 | 0.67% | -0.17% |
| 2090 | 0.67% | -0.15% |
| 2089 | 0.68% | -0.14% |
| 2088 | 0.68% | -0.13% |
| 2087 | 0.68% | -0.11% |
| 2086 | 0.69% | -0.1% |
| 2085 | 0.69% | -0.08% |
| 2084 | 0.69% | -0.07% |
| 2083 | 0.7% | -0.06% |
| 2082 | 0.7% | -0.04% |
| 2081 | 0.7% | -0.03% |
| 2080 | 0.71% | -0.008% |
| 2079 | 0.71% | 0.01% |
| 2078 | 0.72% | 0.03% |
| 2077 | 0.72% | 0.04% |
| 2076 | 0.73% | 0.06% |
| 2075 | 0.74% | 0.07% |
| 2074 | 0.75% | 0.09% |
| 2073 | 0.75% | 0.1% |
| 2072 | 0.76% | 0.12% |
| 2071 | 0.76% | 0.13% |
| 2070 | 0.77% | 0.14% |
| 2069 | 0.78% | 0.15% |
| 2068 | 0.78% | 0.16% |
| 2067 | 0.79% | 0.17% |
| 2066 | 0.79% | 0.18% |
| 2065 | 0.79% | 0.19% |
| 2064 | 0.8% | 0.2% |
| 2063 | 0.8% | 0.22% |
| 2062 | 0.8% | 0.24% |
| 2061 | 0.8% | 0.25% |
| 2060 | 0.81% | 0.28% |
| 2059 | 0.81% | 0.31% |
| 2058 | 0.81% | 0.33% |
| 2057 | 0.82% | 0.36% |
| 2056 | 0.82% | 0.4% |
| 2055 | 0.83% | 0.43% |
| 2054 | 0.84% | 0.47% |
| 2053 | 0.85% | 0.51% |
| 2052 | 0.86% | 0.55% |
| 2051 | 0.87% | 0.59% |
| 2050 | 0.87% | 0.63% |
| 2049 | 0.89% | 0.68% |
| 2048 | 0.9% | 0.71% |
| 2047 | 0.91% | 0.75% |
| 2046 | 0.92% | 0.78% |
| 2045 | 0.94% | 0.81% |
| 2044 | 0.95% | 0.83% |
| 2043 | 0.96% | 0.85% |
| 2042 | 0.98% | 0.87% |
| 2041 | 0.98% | 0.88% |
| 2040 | 0.99% | 0.89% |
| 2039 | 1% | 0.9% |
| 2038 | 1% | 0.91% |
| 2037 | 1.01% | 0.92% |
| 2036 | 1.01% | 0.93% |
| 2035 | 1.01% | 0.94% |
| 2034 | 1.01% | 0.96% |
| 2033 | 1.01% | 0.97% |
| 2032 | 1.02% | 1% |
| 2031 | 1.02% | 1.04% |
| 2030 | 1.08% | 1.15% |
| 2029 | 1.27% | 1.27% |
| 2028 | 1.47% | 1.38% |
| 2027 | 1.83% | 1.49% |
| 2026 | 2.1% | 1.6% |
| 2025 | 0.74% | 1.66% |
| 2024 | 0.74% | 1.77% |
| 2023 | 3.43% | 1.86% |
| 2022 | 1.35% | 1.95% |
| 2021 | 2.18% | 2.05% |
| 2020 | -0.78% | 2.15% |
| 2019 | -1.29% | 2.23% |
| 2018 | 0.13% | 2.28% |
| 2017 | 5.44% | 2.31% |
| 2016 | 3.9% | 2.32% |
| 2015 | 4.24% | 2.31% |
| 2014 | 4.9% | 2.29% |
| 2013 | 3.66% | 2.25% |
| 2012 | 1.17% | 2.2% |
| 2011 | -2.73% | 2.14% |
| 2010 | 4.25% | 2.07% |
| 2009 | 6.79% | 1.99% |
| 2008 | 6.18% | 1.93% |
| 2007 | 8.21% | 1.88% |
| 2006 | 8.06% | 1.88% |
| 2005 | 7.9% | 1.9% |
| 2004 | 7.75% | 1.94% |
| 2003 | 7.59% | 1.98% |
| 2002 | 7.45% | 2.01% |
| 2001 | 3.72% | 2.02% |
| 2000 | 2.67% | 2.01% |
| 1999 | 2.67% | 1.85% |
| 1998 | 2.67% | 1.7% |
| 1997 | 2.67% | 1.71% |
| 1996 | 2.67% | 1.73% |
| 1995 | 2.67% | 1.81% |
| 1994 | 2.67% | 2.09% |
| 1993 | 2.67% | 2.22% |
| 1992 | 2.66% | 2.3% |
| 1991 | -2.28% | 2.54% |
| 1990 | 3.51% | 2.68% |
| 1989 | 3.63% | 2.9% |
| 1988 | 3.69% | 3.09% |
| 1987 | 3.71% | 3.13% |
| 1986 | 3.7% | 3.09% |
| 1985 | 3.66% | 2.96% |
| 1984 | 3.61% | 2.82% |
| 1983 | 3.55% | 2.75% |
| 1982 | 3.6% | 2.7% |
| 1981 | 4.05% | 2.65% |
| 1980 | 4.52% | 2.6% |
| 1979 | 4.7% | 2.57% |
| 1978 | 4.87% | 2.56% |
| 1977 | 5.02% | 2.56% |
| 1976 | 5.16% | 2.56% |
| 1975 | 5.28% | 2.57% |
| 1974 | 5.37% | 2.58% |
| 1973 | 5.45% | 2.57% |
| 1972 | 4.93% | 2.59% |
| 1971 | 2.64% | 2.62% |
| 1970 | 1.05% | 2.65% |
| 1969 | 1.43% | 2.69% |
| 1968 | 2.4% | 2.75% |
| 1967 | 3.2% | 2.82% |
| 1966 | 3.32% | 2.91% |
| 1965 | 3.64% | 3.01% |
| 1964 | 3.92% | 3.09% |
| 1963 | 3.99% | 3.15% |
| 1962 | 4.06% | 3.17% |
| 1961 | 4.15% | 3.16% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/bahrain/turkmenistan | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Bahrain grew by 0.74%, while Turkmenistan's population grew by 1.66%.
Live population counters
|
Bahrain
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
1649267
|
7800189
|
| Population rank | 151/197 | 104/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.02% | 0.09% |
| One net population change |
45.1 minutes
|
4.24 minutes
|
| One birth every |
27.5 minutes
|
3.35 minutes
|
| One death every |
2.5 hours
|
12 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +32 | +341 |
| Annual growth/decline | +11,696 | +124,349 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.74% | +1.66% |
| Population growth rate rank | 115/197 | 63/197 |
| One migration net change every |
29.1 minutes
|
39.7 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +18,128 | +13,268 |
| Net migration rank | 34/196 | 39/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 840,202 | 193,763 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 66/195 | 115/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 52.3% | 2.6% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 7/195 | 125/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Bahrain
|
Turkmenistan
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 18,128 | - | 13,268 |
| 2024 | 15,606 | 22,699 | 112,942 | 14,646 |
| 2023 | 16,356 | 20,002 | 117,529 | 15,005 |
| 2022 | 17,058 | 18,975 | 121,814 | 14,141 |
| 2021 | 15,401 | 11,882 | 122,721 | 17,617 |
| 2020 | 15,056 | -5,048 | 124,014 | 19,913 |
| 2019 | 16,639 | -31,967 | 128,275 | 19,735 |
| 2018 | 17,445 | -25,978 | 129,537 | 19,293 |
| 2017 | 18,140 | 21,958 | 131,417 | 16,678 |
| 2016 | 17,996 | 46,833 | 132,581 | 13,365 |
| 2015 | 18,193 | 36,809 | 132,663 | 9,936 |
| 2014 | 17,826 | 40,815 | 129,677 | 8,696 |
| 2013 | 17,044 | 35,574 | 126,217 | 7,287 |
| 2012 | 16,219 | 12,801 | 120,957 | 7,125 |
| 2011 | 15,990 | -26,107 | 115,197 | 6,992 |
| 2010 | 16,474 | -19,329 | 109,318 | 6,621 |
| 2009 | 15,795 | 46,467 | 102,931 | 6,656 |
| 2008 | 15,541 | 47,674 | 96,815 | 6,734 |
| 2007 | 15,393 | 47,500 | 92,038 | 6,388 |
| 2006 | 15,248 | 46,615 | 87,840 | 7,613 |
| 2005 | 15,196 | 45,682 | 83,968 | 10,263 |
| 2004 | 14,454 | 45,413 | 79,850 | 14,242 |
| 2003 | 13,243 | 45,571 | 76,737 | 17,625 |
| 2002 | 11,875 | 45,952 | 75,639 | 18,803 |
| 2001 | 10,948 | 34,371 | 76,682 | 16,982 |
| 2000 | 11,339 | 2,886 | 76,875 | 14,925 |
| 1999 | 11,397 | 3,130 | 76,362 | 12,859 |
| 1998 | 10,970 | 3,733 | 77,342 | -3,239 |
| 1997 | 10,739 | 4,036 | 79,045 | -5,600 |
| 1996 | 10,607 | 4,162 | 80,996 | -8,627 |
| 1995 | 10,824 | 3,842 | 86,289 | -13,423 |
| 1994 | 11,133 | 3,387 | 89,319 | -13,094 |
| 1993 | 11,521 | 2,850 | 92,596 | -312 |
| 1992 | 11,577 | 2,768 | 96,668 | -13,517 |
| 1991 | 11,491 | 4,562 | 99,297 | -4,864 |
| 1990 | 12,337 | 5,090 | 101,099 | -4,864 |
| 1989 | 12,293 | 5,220 | 103,553 | -3,576 |
| 1988 | 11,995 | 5,294 | 104,802 | 1,408 |
| 1987 | 11,709 | 5,152 | 103,885 | 3,161 |
| 1986 | 11,455 | 4,822 | 100,930 | 1,878 |
| 1985 | 10,924 | 4,657 | 95,890 | 1,861 |
| 1984 | 10,269 | 4,557 | 90,591 | -1,427 |
| 1983 | 9,821 | 4,252 | 85,183 | -1,264 |
| 1982 | 9,396 | 3,980 | 80,989 | -961 |
| 1981 | 9,020 | 4,523 | 77,829 | -1,102 |
| 1980 | 8,802 | 6,741 | 74,394 | -1,152 |
| 1979 | 8,587 | 6,908 | 71,135 | -677 |
| 1978 | 8,358 | 6,974 | 68,437 | -350 |
| 1977 | 8,093 | 7,017 | 66,318 | -132 |
| 1976 | 7,818 | 6,993 | 64,513 | 160 |
| 1975 | 7,535 | 6,900 | 62,681 | 550 |
| 1974 | 7,265 | 6,711 | 60,925 | 924 |
| 1973 | 7,012 | 6,450 | 59,169 | 1,194 |
| 1972 | 6,763 | 6,190 | 57,326 | 1,293 |
| 1971 | 6,650 | 3,159 | 56,666 | 1,348 |
| 1970 | 6,973 | -4,939 | 55,617 | 1,376 |
| 1969 | 7,277 | -4,638 | 54,791 | 1,397 |
| 1968 | 7,584 | -3,952 | 54,324 | 1,401 |
| 1967 | 7,492 | -829 | 54,209 | 1,397 |
| 1966 | 7,342 | -718 | 54,353 | 1,377 |
| 1965 | 7,148 | -415 | 54,558 | 1,366 |
| 1964 | 6,873 | 491 | 54,574 | 1,340 |
| 1963 | 6,557 | 714 | 54,203 | 1,332 |
| 1962 | 6,232 | 810 | 53,248 | 1,337 |
| 1961 | 5,882 | 1,076 | 51,659 | 1,372 |
| 1960 | 5,513 | 1,266 | 49,436 | 1,421 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/bahrain/turkmenistan | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 59.1% of the population change in Bahrain is from natural causes (a gain of 167,890 people) and 40.9% is from migration (a gain of 116,165 people). In Turkmenistan 88.7% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,253,493 people) and 11.3% is from migration (a gain of 160,329 people).
As of 2024, 840,202 residents or 52.3% of the population were not native-born in Bahrain, compared to 193,763 people or 2.6% in Turkmenistan.
Biggest cities by population
|
Bahrain
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Manama | 298K |
| Riffa | 115K |
| Isa Town | 61.3K |
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Ashgabat | 1.03M |
| Turkmenabat | 231K |
| Dasoguz | 227K |
| Mary | 126K |
| Anau | 29.6K |
| Baherden | 24.7K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Bahrain and Turkmenistan
|
Bahrain
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 81.7 years | 70.5 years |
| Average age | 33.4 years | 29.4 years |
| Median age | 34.3 years | 27.8 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 62:38 | 49.1:50.9 |
| Fertility rate | 1.81 births per woman | 2.66 births per woman |
| Population density | 5,290 ppl/mi² | 42.7 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/bahrain/turkmenistan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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