The latest officially reported population of Qatar was 2,857,822 in 2024 vs 7,494,498 people in Turkmenistan in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Qatar's population is 2,999,260 people compared to 7,776,557 in Turkmenistan.
Population statistics:
- Turkmenistan's population is 2.59 times bigger than Qatar's.
- Qatar is ranked the 136th most populous country in the world, while Turkmenistan is the 104th.
- The countries together account for 0.13% of the world: 0.04% for Qatar vs 0.09% for Turkmenistan.
- For the last 10 years, Qatar has had an average growth rate of +3.86% per year vs +2.14% in Turkmenistan.
- Since 2006, the population of Qatar has increased from 973K people to 3M (208.3% growth), while Turkmenistan has grown from 5.15M to 7.78M (51.1% growth).
Qatar vs Turkmenistan: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Qatar
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
| 2100 | 6,864,512 | 10,046,945 |
| 2099 | 6,795,697 | 10,075,740 |
| 2098 | 6,726,889 | 10,103,319 |
| 2097 | 6,658,115 | 10,129,577 |
| 2096 | 6,589,399 | 10,154,338 |
| 2095 | 6,520,903 | 10,178,163 |
| 2094 | 6,452,670 | 10,200,371 |
| 2093 | 6,384,792 | 10,221,349 |
| 2092 | 6,317,235 | 10,240,959 |
| 2091 | 6,249,912 | 10,259,026 |
| 2090 | 6,182,993 | 10,276,261 |
| 2089 | 6,116,439 | 10,291,819 |
| 2088 | 6,050,282 | 10,306,303 |
| 2087 | 5,984,646 | 10,319,501 |
| 2086 | 5,919,506 | 10,331,090 |
| 2085 | 5,854,810 | 10,341,183 |
| 2084 | 5,790,733 | 10,349,710 |
| 2083 | 5,727,107 | 10,356,602 |
| 2082 | 5,663,726 | 10,362,422 |
| 2081 | 5,600,872 | 10,366,587 |
| 2080 | 5,538,952 | 10,369,293 |
| 2079 | 5,477,309 | 10,370,130 |
| 2078 | 5,416,092 | 10,369,013 |
| 2077 | 5,355,430 | 10,366,366 |
| 2076 | 5,295,298 | 10,361,975 |
| 2075 | 5,235,611 | 10,355,755 |
| 2074 | 5,176,349 | 10,348,384 |
| 2073 | 5,117,758 | 10,339,415 |
| 2072 | 5,059,696 | 10,328,653 |
| 2071 | 5,002,249 | 10,316,618 |
| 2070 | 4,945,273 | 10,303,565 |
| 2069 | 4,888,911 | 10,289,578 |
| 2068 | 4,833,090 | 10,274,625 |
| 2067 | 4,777,814 | 10,258,518 |
| 2066 | 4,723,056 | 10,241,362 |
| 2065 | 4,668,810 | 10,223,420 |
| 2064 | 4,614,957 | 10,204,034 |
| 2063 | 4,561,622 | 10,183,241 |
| 2062 | 4,509,442 | 10,160,903 |
| 2061 | 4,457,910 | 10,136,928 |
| 2060 | 4,406,963 | 10,111,369 |
| 2059 | 4,356,604 | 10,083,631 |
| 2058 | 4,306,842 | 10,052,905 |
| 2057 | 4,257,533 | 10,019,547 |
| 2056 | 4,208,980 | 9,983,379 |
| 2055 | 4,160,635 | 9,943,931 |
| 2054 | 4,113,078 | 9,901,473 |
| 2053 | 4,065,870 | 9,854,931 |
| 2052 | 4,019,393 | 9,804,909 |
| 2051 | 3,973,445 | 9,751,221 |
| 2050 | 3,927,949 | 9,693,713 |
| 2049 | 3,882,963 | 9,632,600 |
| 2048 | 3,838,380 | 9,567,946 |
| 2047 | 3,794,282 | 9,500,139 |
| 2046 | 3,750,671 | 9,429,355 |
| 2045 | 3,707,573 | 9,356,194 |
| 2044 | 3,665,008 | 9,280,988 |
| 2043 | 3,623,031 | 9,204,466 |
| 2042 | 3,581,673 | 9,126,898 |
| 2041 | 3,540,989 | 9,048,356 |
| 2040 | 3,500,991 | 8,969,478 |
| 2039 | 3,461,758 | 8,890,225 |
| 2038 | 3,423,310 | 8,810,850 |
| 2037 | 3,385,696 | 8,731,367 |
| 2036 | 3,348,948 | 8,651,719 |
| 2035 | 3,313,100 | 8,572,231 |
| 2034 | 3,278,067 | 8,492,483 |
| 2033 | 3,243,892 | 8,412,113 |
| 2032 | 3,210,644 | 8,330,912 |
| 2031 | 3,178,257 | 8,248,129 |
| 2030 | 3,146,733 | 8,163,024 |
| 2029 | 3,112,748 | 8,070,023 |
| 2028 | 3,075,676 | 7,969,080 |
| 2027 | 3,035,492 | 7,860,774 |
| 2026 | 2,985,826 | 7,745,331 |
| 2025 | 2,926,071 | 7,623,184 |
| 2024 | 2,857,822 | 7,494,498 |
| 2023 | 2,656,032 | 7,364,438 |
| 2022 | 2,657,333 | 7,230,193 |
| 2021 | 2,504,910 | 7,092,043 |
| 2020 | 2,794,148 | 6,949,912 |
| 2019 | 2,638,657 | 6,803,944 |
| 2018 | 2,580,734 | 6,655,524 |
| 2017 | 2,545,820 | 6,507,061 |
| 2016 | 2,477,113 | 6,360,041 |
| 2015 | 2,344,557 | 6,215,770 |
| 2014 | 2,151,745 | 6,075,283 |
| 2013 | 1,916,426 | 5,939,341 |
| 2012 | 1,722,438 | 5,808,546 |
| 2011 | 1,624,761 | 5,683,417 |
| 2010 | 1,616,832 | 5,564,356 |
| 2009 | 1,608,903 | 5,451,592 |
| 2008 | 1,426,938 | 5,345,029 |
| 2007 | 1,208,595 | 5,244,046 |
| 2006 | 972,831 | 5,147,105 |
| 2005 | 825,408 | 5,052,257 |
| 2004 | 773,332 | 4,958,093 |
| 2003 | 744,682 | 4,863,865 |
| 2002 | 711,205 | 4,769,465 |
| 2001 | 677,925 | 4,675,409 |
| 2000 | 644,989 | 4,582,677 |
| 1999 | 612,500 | 4,492,170 |
| 1998 | 580,540 | 4,410,507 |
| 1997 | 550,500 | 4,336,730 |
| 1996 | 529,019 | 4,263,819 |
| 1995 | 514,325 | 4,191,203 |
| 1994 | 499,459 | 4,116,662 |
| 1993 | 484,545 | 4,032,407 |
| 1992 | 469,657 | 3,944,689 |
| 1991 | 454,853 | 3,855,894 |
| 1990 | 440,175 | 3,760,562 |
| 1989 | 425,646 | 3,662,459 |
| 1988 | 411,264 | 3,559,363 |
| 1987 | 397,005 | 3,452,731 |
| 1986 | 382,422 | 3,347,809 |
| 1985 | 365,940 | 3,247,534 |
| 1984 | 347,878 | 3,154,079 |
| 1983 | 329,709 | 3,067,534 |
| 1982 | 311,537 | 2,985,557 |
| 1981 | 293,553 | 2,907,187 |
| 1980 | 275,913 | 2,832,203 |
| 1979 | 258,670 | 2,760,358 |
| 1978 | 241,808 | 2,691,088 |
| 1977 | 225,285 | 2,623,948 |
| 1976 | 209,052 | 2,558,521 |
| 1975 | 193,087 | 2,494,570 |
| 1974 | 177,362 | 2,432,028 |
| 1973 | 161,841 | 2,370,919 |
| 1972 | 146,506 | 2,311,430 |
| 1971 | 131,346 | 2,253,119 |
| 1970 | 116,350 | 2,195,616 |
| 1969 | 103,025 | 2,139,024 |
| 1968 | 91,749 | 2,083,069 |
| 1967 | 81,439 | 2,027,403 |
| 1966 | 72,192 | 1,971,737 |
| 1965 | 64,065 | 1,915,916 |
| 1964 | 56,867 | 1,859,997 |
| 1963 | 50,380 | 1,804,272 |
| 1962 | 44,630 | 1,749,214 |
| 1961 | 39,680 | 1,695,400 |
| 1960 | 36,010 | 1,643,457 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/qatar/turkmenistan | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Qatar increased by 1,504,282 people (a 154.6% growth), while Turkmenistan gained 1,212,936 people (a 23.6% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Qatar gained 522,147 people (a 21.1% growth), while Turkmenistan's population increased by 1,416,516 people (a 22.3% growth).
Qatar was ranked 156th most populous country in 2006 and is 136th in 2026. Turkmenistan was ranked 113th in 2006 and ranked 104th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Qatar's population will grow by 31% to 3,927,949 people with a rank change from 136th to 134th. The population of Turkmenistan will increase by 24.7% to 9,693,713 people and rank change from 104th to 101st.
Qatar is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 6.86M people compared to the peak of 10.4M people in 2079 for Turkmenistan.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Qatar
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
| 2100 | 1.01% | -0.29% |
| 2099 | 1.02% | -0.27% |
| 2098 | 1.03% | -0.26% |
| 2097 | 1.04% | -0.24% |
| 2096 | 1.05% | -0.23% |
| 2095 | 1.06% | -0.22% |
| 2094 | 1.06% | -0.21% |
| 2093 | 1.07% | -0.19% |
| 2092 | 1.08% | -0.18% |
| 2091 | 1.08% | -0.17% |
| 2090 | 1.09% | -0.15% |
| 2089 | 1.09% | -0.14% |
| 2088 | 1.1% | -0.13% |
| 2087 | 1.1% | -0.11% |
| 2086 | 1.11% | -0.1% |
| 2085 | 1.11% | -0.08% |
| 2084 | 1.11% | -0.07% |
| 2083 | 1.12% | -0.06% |
| 2082 | 1.12% | -0.04% |
| 2081 | 1.12% | -0.03% |
| 2080 | 1.13% | -0.008% |
| 2079 | 1.13% | 0.01% |
| 2078 | 1.13% | 0.03% |
| 2077 | 1.14% | 0.04% |
| 2076 | 1.14% | 0.06% |
| 2075 | 1.14% | 0.07% |
| 2074 | 1.14% | 0.09% |
| 2073 | 1.15% | 0.1% |
| 2072 | 1.15% | 0.12% |
| 2071 | 1.15% | 0.13% |
| 2070 | 1.15% | 0.14% |
| 2069 | 1.15% | 0.15% |
| 2068 | 1.16% | 0.16% |
| 2067 | 1.16% | 0.17% |
| 2066 | 1.16% | 0.18% |
| 2065 | 1.17% | 0.19% |
| 2064 | 1.17% | 0.2% |
| 2063 | 1.16% | 0.22% |
| 2062 | 1.16% | 0.24% |
| 2061 | 1.16% | 0.25% |
| 2060 | 1.16% | 0.28% |
| 2059 | 1.16% | 0.31% |
| 2058 | 1.16% | 0.33% |
| 2057 | 1.15% | 0.36% |
| 2056 | 1.16% | 0.4% |
| 2055 | 1.16% | 0.43% |
| 2054 | 1.16% | 0.47% |
| 2053 | 1.16% | 0.51% |
| 2052 | 1.16% | 0.55% |
| 2051 | 1.16% | 0.59% |
| 2050 | 1.16% | 0.63% |
| 2049 | 1.16% | 0.68% |
| 2048 | 1.16% | 0.71% |
| 2047 | 1.16% | 0.75% |
| 2046 | 1.16% | 0.78% |
| 2045 | 1.16% | 0.81% |
| 2044 | 1.16% | 0.83% |
| 2043 | 1.15% | 0.85% |
| 2042 | 1.15% | 0.87% |
| 2041 | 1.14% | 0.88% |
| 2040 | 1.13% | 0.89% |
| 2039 | 1.12% | 0.9% |
| 2038 | 1.11% | 0.91% |
| 2037 | 1.1% | 0.92% |
| 2036 | 1.08% | 0.93% |
| 2035 | 1.07% | 0.94% |
| 2034 | 1.05% | 0.96% |
| 2033 | 1.04% | 0.97% |
| 2032 | 1.02% | 1% |
| 2031 | 1% | 1.04% |
| 2030 | 1.09% | 1.15% |
| 2029 | 1.21% | 1.27% |
| 2028 | 1.32% | 1.38% |
| 2027 | 1.66% | 1.49% |
| 2026 | 2.04% | 1.6% |
| 2025 | 2.39% | 1.72% |
| 2024 | 7.6% | 1.77% |
| 2023 | -0.05% | 1.86% |
| 2022 | 6.08% | 1.95% |
| 2021 | -10.4% | 2.05% |
| 2020 | 5.89% | 2.15% |
| 2019 | 2.24% | 2.23% |
| 2018 | 1.37% | 2.28% |
| 2017 | 2.77% | 2.31% |
| 2016 | 5.65% | 2.32% |
| 2015 | 8.96% | 2.31% |
| 2014 | 12.3% | 2.29% |
| 2013 | 11.3% | 2.25% |
| 2012 | 6.01% | 2.2% |
| 2011 | 0.49% | 2.14% |
| 2010 | 0.49% | 2.07% |
| 2009 | 12.8% | 1.99% |
| 2008 | 18.1% | 1.93% |
| 2007 | 24.2% | 1.88% |
| 2006 | 17.9% | 1.88% |
| 2005 | 6.73% | 1.9% |
| 2004 | 3.85% | 1.94% |
| 2003 | 4.71% | 1.98% |
| 2002 | 4.91% | 2.01% |
| 2001 | 5.11% | 2.02% |
| 2000 | 5.3% | 2.01% |
| 1999 | 5.51% | 1.85% |
| 1998 | 5.46% | 1.7% |
| 1997 | 4.06% | 1.71% |
| 1996 | 2.86% | 1.73% |
| 1995 | 2.98% | 1.81% |
| 1994 | 3.08% | 2.09% |
| 1993 | 3.17% | 2.22% |
| 1992 | 3.25% | 2.3% |
| 1991 | 3.33% | 2.54% |
| 1990 | 3.41% | 2.68% |
| 1989 | 3.5% | 2.9% |
| 1988 | 3.59% | 3.09% |
| 1987 | 3.81% | 3.13% |
| 1986 | 4.5% | 3.09% |
| 1985 | 5.19% | 2.96% |
| 1984 | 5.51% | 2.82% |
| 1983 | 5.83% | 2.75% |
| 1982 | 6.13% | 2.7% |
| 1981 | 6.39% | 2.65% |
| 1980 | 6.67% | 2.6% |
| 1979 | 6.97% | 2.57% |
| 1978 | 7.33% | 2.56% |
| 1977 | 7.77% | 2.56% |
| 1976 | 8.27% | 2.56% |
| 1975 | 8.87% | 2.57% |
| 1974 | 9.59% | 2.58% |
| 1973 | 10.5% | 2.57% |
| 1972 | 11.5% | 2.59% |
| 1971 | 12.9% | 2.62% |
| 1970 | 12.9% | 2.65% |
| 1969 | 12.3% | 2.69% |
| 1968 | 12.7% | 2.75% |
| 1967 | 12.8% | 2.82% |
| 1966 | 12.7% | 2.91% |
| 1965 | 12.7% | 3.01% |
| 1964 | 12.9% | 3.09% |
| 1963 | 12.9% | 3.15% |
| 1962 | 12.5% | 3.17% |
| 1961 | 10.2% | 3.16% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/qatar/turkmenistan | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Qatar grew by 7.6%, while Turkmenistan's population grew by 1.77%.
Live population counters
|
Qatar
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
2999260
|
7776557
|
| Population rank | 136/197 | 104/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.04% | 0.09% |
| One net population change |
2.6 minutes
|
4.04 minutes
|
| One birth every |
20 minutes
|
3.28 minutes
|
| One death every |
3.55 hours
|
12.3 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +553 | +356 |
| Annual growth/decline | +201,790 | +130,060 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +7.6% | +1.77% |
| Population growth rate rank | 1/197 | 61/197 |
| One migration net change every |
14.5 minutes
|
39.7 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +36,288 | +13,268 |
| Net migration rank | 26/196 | 39/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 2,337,000 | 193,763 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 31/195 | 115/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 76.7% | 2.6% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 1/195 | 125/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Qatar
|
Turkmenistan
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 36,288 | - | 13,268 |
| 2024 | - | 46,105 | - | 14,646 |
| 2023 | 23,845 | 39,995 | 117,529 | 15,005 |
| 2022 | 24,360 | 80,004 | 121,814 | 14,141 |
| 2021 | 21,297 | 24,501 | 122,721 | 17,617 |
| 2020 | 25,128 | -50,433 | 124,014 | 19,913 |
| 2019 | 24,112 | 10,557 | 128,275 | 19,735 |
| 2018 | 23,340 | 12,465 | 129,537 | 19,293 |
| 2017 | 23,244 | 46,719 | 131,417 | 16,678 |
| 2016 | 22,416 | 119,725 | 132,581 | 13,365 |
| 2015 | 22,568 | 177,467 | 132,663 | 9,936 |
| 2014 | 21,699 | 194,712 | 129,677 | 8,696 |
| 2013 | 19,669 | 133,520 | 126,217 | 7,287 |
| 2012 | 17,681 | 77,091 | 120,957 | 7,125 |
| 2011 | 16,543 | 77,228 | 115,197 | 6,992 |
| 2010 | 16,225 | 90,620 | 109,318 | 6,621 |
| 2009 | 15,595 | 123,217 | 102,931 | 6,656 |
| 2008 | 14,062 | 165,572 | 96,815 | 6,734 |
| 2007 | 11,351 | 245,703 | 92,038 | 6,388 |
| 2006 | 10,225 | 204,236 | 87,840 | 7,613 |
| 2005 | 11,392 | 68,993 | 83,968 | 10,263 |
| 2004 | 11,242 | 12,531 | 79,850 | 14,242 |
| 2003 | 11,291 | 22,234 | 76,737 | 17,625 |
| 2002 | 11,062 | 22,356 | 75,639 | 18,803 |
| 2001 | 10,683 | 22,456 | 76,682 | 16,982 |
| 2000 | 9,974 | 22,769 | 76,875 | 14,925 |
| 1999 | 9,431 | 22,815 | 76,362 | 12,859 |
| 1998 | 9,055 | 22,618 | 77,342 | -3,239 |
| 1997 | 8,846 | 19,547 | 79,045 | -5,600 |
| 1996 | 9,049 | 5,517 | 80,996 | -8,627 |
| 1995 | 9,186 | 5,634 | 86,289 | -13,423 |
| 1994 | 9,257 | 5,660 | 89,319 | -13,094 |
| 1993 | 9,250 | 5,670 | 92,596 | -312 |
| 1992 | 9,189 | 5,670 | 96,668 | -13,517 |
| 1991 | 9,182 | 5,562 | 99,297 | -4,864 |
| 1990 | 9,388 | 5,216 | 101,099 | -4,864 |
| 1989 | 9,407 | 5,045 | 103,553 | -3,576 |
| 1988 | 9,198 | 5,118 | 104,802 | 1,408 |
| 1987 | 8,806 | 5,405 | 103,885 | 3,161 |
| 1986 | 8,439 | 6,512 | 100,930 | 1,878 |
| 1985 | 8,212 | 9,797 | 95,890 | 1,861 |
| 1984 | 7,997 | 10,113 | 90,591 | -1,427 |
| 1983 | 7,765 | 10,462 | 85,183 | -1,264 |
| 1982 | 7,489 | 10,634 | 80,989 | -961 |
| 1981 | 7,202 | 10,644 | 77,829 | -1,102 |
| 1980 | 6,894 | 10,540 | 74,394 | -1,152 |
| 1979 | 6,579 | 10,466 | 71,135 | -677 |
| 1978 | 6,246 | 10,434 | 68,437 | -350 |
| 1977 | 5,925 | 10,445 | 66,318 | -132 |
| 1976 | 5,598 | 10,494 | 64,513 | 160 |
| 1975 | 5,289 | 10,549 | 62,681 | 550 |
| 1974 | 5,015 | 10,603 | 60,925 | 924 |
| 1973 | 4,780 | 10,641 | 59,169 | 1,194 |
| 1972 | 4,581 | 10,663 | 57,326 | 1,293 |
| 1971 | 4,433 | 10,644 | 56,666 | 1,348 |
| 1970 | 4,346 | 10,579 | 55,617 | 1,376 |
| 1969 | 3,941 | 7,790 | 54,791 | 1,397 |
| 1968 | 3,547 | 7,266 | 54,324 | 1,401 |
| 1967 | 3,167 | 6,637 | 54,209 | 1,397 |
| 1966 | 2,811 | 5,880 | 54,353 | 1,377 |
| 1965 | 2,472 | 5,083 | 54,558 | 1,366 |
| 1964 | 2,150 | 4,686 | 54,574 | 1,340 |
| 1963 | 1,854 | 4,283 | 54,203 | 1,332 |
| 1962 | 1,589 | 3,773 | 53,248 | 1,337 |
| 1961 | 1,357 | 3,186 | 51,659 | 1,372 |
| 1960 | 1,220 | 1,586 | 49,436 | 1,421 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/qatar/turkmenistan | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 26.1% of the population change in Qatar is from natural causes (a gain of 232,009 people) and 73.9% is from migration (a gain of 655,712 people). In Turkmenistan 89.2% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,270,228 people) and 10.8% is from migration (a gain of 154,379 people).
As of 2024, 2,337,000 residents or 76.7% of the population were not native-born in Qatar, compared to 193,763 people or 2.6% in Turkmenistan.
Biggest cities by population
|
Qatar
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Doha | 1.19M |
| Al Khor | 31.5K |
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Ashgabat | 1.03M |
| Turkmenabat | 231K |
| Dasoguz | 227K |
| Mary | 126K |
| Anau | 29.6K |
| Baherden | 24.7K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Qatar and Turkmenistan
|
Qatar
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 82.8 years | 70.5 years |
| Average age | 33.3 years | 29.1 years |
| Median age | 34.5 years | 27.5 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 71.3:28.7 | 49.1:50.9 |
| Fertility rate | 1.73 births per woman | 2.69 births per woman |
| Population density | 673 ppl/mi² | 42.7 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/qatar/turkmenistan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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