The latest officially reported population of the Netherlands was 18,087,633 in 2025 vs 2,972,215 people in Qatar in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Netherlands' population is 18,243,998 people compared to 3,058,826 in Qatar.
Population statistics:
- The Netherlands' population is 5.96 times bigger than Qatar's.
- The Netherlands is ranked the 72nd most populous country in the world, while Qatar is the 137th.
- The countries together account for 0.26% of the world: 0.22% for the Netherlands vs 0.04% for Qatar.
- For the last 10 years, the Netherlands has had an average growth rate of +0.64% per year vs +3.11% in Qatar.
- Since 2006, the population of the Netherlands has increased from 16.3M people to 18.2M (11.6% growth), while Qatar has grown from 973K to 3.06M (214.4% growth).
Netherlands vs Qatar: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Netherlands
|
Qatar
|
|
| 2100 | 17,329,352 | 6,972,765 |
| 2099 | 17,362,626 | 6,902,865 |
| 2098 | 17,395,665 | 6,832,972 |
| 2097 | 17,429,925 | 6,763,112 |
| 2096 | 17,465,162 | 6,693,313 |
| 2095 | 17,502,567 | 6,623,737 |
| 2094 | 17,540,959 | 6,554,428 |
| 2093 | 17,580,632 | 6,485,480 |
| 2092 | 17,619,384 | 6,416,857 |
| 2091 | 17,658,238 | 6,348,472 |
| 2090 | 17,700,204 | 6,280,498 |
| 2089 | 17,739,947 | 6,212,895 |
| 2088 | 17,779,324 | 6,145,694 |
| 2087 | 17,815,257 | 6,079,024 |
| 2086 | 17,854,371 | 6,012,856 |
| 2085 | 17,890,610 | 5,947,139 |
| 2084 | 17,926,885 | 5,882,052 |
| 2083 | 17,963,416 | 5,817,423 |
| 2082 | 17,998,527 | 5,753,042 |
| 2081 | 18,032,297 | 5,689,198 |
| 2080 | 18,062,716 | 5,626,301 |
| 2079 | 18,093,254 | 5,563,686 |
| 2078 | 18,121,649 | 5,501,503 |
| 2077 | 18,150,234 | 5,439,884 |
| 2076 | 18,175,683 | 5,378,805 |
| 2075 | 18,196,574 | 5,318,176 |
| 2074 | 18,214,405 | 5,257,980 |
| 2073 | 18,232,486 | 5,198,464 |
| 2072 | 18,249,136 | 5,139,487 |
| 2071 | 18,264,367 | 5,081,134 |
| 2070 | 18,279,781 | 5,023,260 |
| 2069 | 18,295,123 | 4,966,009 |
| 2068 | 18,310,300 | 4,909,308 |
| 2067 | 18,325,333 | 4,853,160 |
| 2066 | 18,343,435 | 4,797,538 |
| 2065 | 18,364,513 | 4,742,437 |
| 2064 | 18,386,352 | 4,687,734 |
| 2063 | 18,409,851 | 4,633,558 |
| 2062 | 18,433,299 | 4,580,556 |
| 2061 | 18,460,766 | 4,528,210 |
| 2060 | 18,488,598 | 4,476,460 |
| 2059 | 18,517,020 | 4,425,307 |
| 2058 | 18,545,884 | 4,374,761 |
| 2057 | 18,576,502 | 4,324,674 |
| 2056 | 18,606,997 | 4,275,356 |
| 2055 | 18,634,546 | 4,226,248 |
| 2054 | 18,660,585 | 4,177,940 |
| 2053 | 18,686,212 | 4,129,988 |
| 2052 | 18,709,643 | 4,082,778 |
| 2051 | 18,736,166 | 4,036,106 |
| 2050 | 18,757,302 | 3,989,893 |
| 2049 | 18,777,673 | 3,944,197 |
| 2048 | 18,795,411 | 3,898,911 |
| 2047 | 18,812,362 | 3,854,117 |
| 2046 | 18,823,628 | 3,809,818 |
| 2045 | 18,834,974 | 3,766,041 |
| 2044 | 18,844,772 | 3,722,804 |
| 2043 | 18,850,396 | 3,680,166 |
| 2042 | 18,853,495 | 3,638,155 |
| 2041 | 18,852,912 | 3,596,830 |
| 2040 | 18,847,238 | 3,556,201 |
| 2039 | 18,837,931 | 3,516,349 |
| 2038 | 18,823,220 | 3,477,295 |
| 2037 | 18,804,912 | 3,439,088 |
| 2036 | 18,779,656 | 3,401,760 |
| 2035 | 18,751,144 | 3,365,348 |
| 2034 | 18,718,013 | 3,329,762 |
| 2033 | 18,676,061 | 3,295,048 |
| 2032 | 18,630,094 | 3,261,276 |
| 2031 | 18,577,582 | 3,228,377 |
| 2030 | 18,517,866 | 3,196,357 |
| 2029 | 18,449,618 | 3,161,836 |
| 2028 | 18,372,676 | 3,124,179 |
| 2027 | 18,289,268 | 3,083,362 |
| 2026 | 18,196,186 | 3,032,913 |
| 2025 | 18,087,633 | 2,972,215 |
| 2024 | 17,993,485 | 2,857,822 |
| 2023 | 17,877,117 | 2,656,032 |
| 2022 | 17,700,982 | 2,657,333 |
| 2021 | 17,533,044 | 2,504,910 |
| 2020 | 17,441,500 | 2,794,148 |
| 2019 | 17,344,874 | 2,638,657 |
| 2018 | 17,231,624 | 2,580,734 |
| 2017 | 17,131,296 | 2,545,820 |
| 2016 | 17,030,314 | 2,477,113 |
| 2015 | 16,939,923 | 2,344,557 |
| 2014 | 16,865,008 | 2,151,745 |
| 2013 | 16,804,432 | 1,916,426 |
| 2012 | 16,754,962 | 1,722,438 |
| 2011 | 16,693,074 | 1,624,761 |
| 2010 | 16,615,394 | 1,616,832 |
| 2009 | 16,530,388 | 1,608,903 |
| 2008 | 16,445,593 | 1,426,938 |
| 2007 | 16,381,696 | 1,208,595 |
| 2006 | 16,346,101 | 972,831 |
| 2005 | 16,319,868 | 825,408 |
| 2004 | 16,281,779 | 773,332 |
| 2003 | 16,225,302 | 744,682 |
| 2002 | 16,148,929 | 711,205 |
| 2001 | 16,046,180 | 677,925 |
| 2000 | 15,925,513 | 644,989 |
| 1999 | 15,812,088 | 612,500 |
| 1998 | 15,707,209 | 580,540 |
| 1997 | 15,610,650 | 550,500 |
| 1996 | 15,530,498 | 529,019 |
| 1995 | 15,459,006 | 514,325 |
| 1994 | 15,382,838 | 499,459 |
| 1993 | 15,290,368 | 484,545 |
| 1992 | 15,184,166 | 469,657 |
| 1991 | 15,069,798 | 454,853 |
| 1990 | 14,951,510 | 440,175 |
| 1989 | 14,848,907 | 425,646 |
| 1988 | 14,760,094 | 411,264 |
| 1987 | 14,665,037 | 397,005 |
| 1986 | 14,572,278 | 382,422 |
| 1985 | 14,491,632 | 365,940 |
| 1984 | 14,424,211 | 347,878 |
| 1983 | 14,367,070 | 329,709 |
| 1982 | 14,312,690 | 311,537 |
| 1981 | 14,247,208 | 293,553 |
| 1980 | 14,149,800 | 275,913 |
| 1979 | 14,038,270 | 258,670 |
| 1978 | 13,941,700 | 241,808 |
| 1977 | 13,856,185 | 225,285 |
| 1976 | 13,774,037 | 209,052 |
| 1975 | 13,666,335 | 193,087 |
| 1974 | 13,545,056 | 177,362 |
| 1973 | 13,439,322 | 161,841 |
| 1972 | 13,328,593 | 146,506 |
| 1971 | 13,194,497 | 131,346 |
| 1970 | 13,038,526 | 116,350 |
| 1969 | 12,877,984 | 103,025 |
| 1968 | 12,729,721 | 91,749 |
| 1967 | 12,598,201 | 81,439 |
| 1966 | 12,456,251 | 72,192 |
| 1965 | 12,294,732 | 64,065 |
| 1964 | 12,127,120 | 56,867 |
| 1963 | 11,965,966 | 50,380 |
| 1962 | 11,805,689 | 44,630 |
| 1961 | 11,638,712 | 39,680 |
| 1960 | 11,486,631 | 36,010 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/netherlands/qatar | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of the Netherlands increased by 684,213 people (a 4.19% growth), while Qatar gained 1,504,282 people (a 154.6% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, the Netherlands gained 1,213,684 people (a 7.13% growth), while Qatar's population increased by 581,713 people (a 23.5% growth).
The Netherlands was ranked 61st most populous country in 2006 and is 72nd in 2026. Qatar was ranked 156th in 2006 and ranked 137th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) the Netherlands' population will grow by 2.81% to 18,757,302 people with a rank change from 72nd to 77th. The population of Qatar will increase by 30.4% to 3,989,893 people and rank change from 137th to 134th.
The Netherlands is projected to reach its peak in 2042 at 18.9M people compared to the peak of 6.97M people in 2100 for Qatar.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Netherlands
|
Qatar
|
|
| 2100 | -0.19% | 1.01% |
| 2099 | -0.19% | 1.02% |
| 2098 | -0.2% | 1.03% |
| 2097 | -0.2% | 1.04% |
| 2096 | -0.21% | 1.05% |
| 2095 | -0.22% | 1.06% |
| 2094 | -0.23% | 1.06% |
| 2093 | -0.22% | 1.07% |
| 2092 | -0.22% | 1.08% |
| 2091 | -0.24% | 1.08% |
| 2090 | -0.22% | 1.09% |
| 2089 | -0.22% | 1.09% |
| 2088 | -0.2% | 1.1% |
| 2087 | -0.22% | 1.1% |
| 2086 | -0.2% | 1.11% |
| 2085 | -0.2% | 1.11% |
| 2084 | -0.2% | 1.11% |
| 2083 | -0.2% | 1.12% |
| 2082 | -0.19% | 1.12% |
| 2081 | -0.17% | 1.12% |
| 2080 | -0.17% | 1.13% |
| 2079 | -0.16% | 1.13% |
| 2078 | -0.16% | 1.13% |
| 2077 | -0.14% | 1.14% |
| 2076 | -0.11% | 1.14% |
| 2075 | -0.1% | 1.14% |
| 2074 | -0.1% | 1.14% |
| 2073 | -0.09% | 1.15% |
| 2072 | -0.08% | 1.15% |
| 2071 | -0.08% | 1.15% |
| 2070 | -0.08% | 1.15% |
| 2069 | -0.08% | 1.15% |
| 2068 | -0.08% | 1.16% |
| 2067 | -0.1% | 1.16% |
| 2066 | -0.11% | 1.16% |
| 2065 | -0.12% | 1.17% |
| 2064 | -0.13% | 1.17% |
| 2063 | -0.13% | 1.16% |
| 2062 | -0.15% | 1.16% |
| 2061 | -0.15% | 1.16% |
| 2060 | -0.15% | 1.16% |
| 2059 | -0.16% | 1.16% |
| 2058 | -0.16% | 1.16% |
| 2057 | -0.16% | 1.15% |
| 2056 | -0.15% | 1.16% |
| 2055 | -0.14% | 1.16% |
| 2054 | -0.14% | 1.16% |
| 2053 | -0.13% | 1.16% |
| 2052 | -0.14% | 1.16% |
| 2051 | -0.11% | 1.16% |
| 2050 | -0.11% | 1.16% |
| 2049 | -0.09% | 1.16% |
| 2048 | -0.09% | 1.16% |
| 2047 | -0.06% | 1.16% |
| 2046 | -0.06% | 1.16% |
| 2045 | -0.05% | 1.16% |
| 2044 | -0.03% | 1.16% |
| 2043 | -0.02% | 1.15% |
| 2042 | 0.003% | 1.15% |
| 2041 | 0.03% | 1.14% |
| 2040 | 0.05% | 1.13% |
| 2039 | 0.08% | 1.12% |
| 2038 | 0.1% | 1.11% |
| 2037 | 0.13% | 1.1% |
| 2036 | 0.15% | 1.08% |
| 2035 | 0.18% | 1.07% |
| 2034 | 0.22% | 1.05% |
| 2033 | 0.25% | 1.04% |
| 2032 | 0.28% | 1.02% |
| 2031 | 0.32% | 1% |
| 2030 | 0.37% | 1.09% |
| 2029 | 0.42% | 1.21% |
| 2028 | 0.46% | 1.32% |
| 2027 | 0.51% | 1.66% |
| 2026 | 0.6% | 2.04% |
| 2025 | 0.52% | 4% |
| 2024 | 0.65% | 7.6% |
| 2023 | 1% | -0.05% |
| 2022 | 0.96% | 6.08% |
| 2021 | 0.52% | -10.4% |
| 2020 | 0.56% | 5.89% |
| 2019 | 0.66% | 2.24% |
| 2018 | 0.59% | 1.37% |
| 2017 | 0.59% | 2.77% |
| 2016 | 0.53% | 5.65% |
| 2015 | 0.44% | 8.96% |
| 2014 | 0.36% | 12.3% |
| 2013 | 0.3% | 11.3% |
| 2012 | 0.37% | 6.01% |
| 2011 | 0.47% | 0.49% |
| 2010 | 0.51% | 0.49% |
| 2009 | 0.52% | 12.8% |
| 2008 | 0.39% | 18.1% |
| 2007 | 0.22% | 24.2% |
| 2006 | 0.16% | 17.9% |
| 2005 | 0.23% | 6.73% |
| 2004 | 0.35% | 3.85% |
| 2003 | 0.47% | 4.71% |
| 2002 | 0.64% | 4.91% |
| 2001 | 0.76% | 5.11% |
| 2000 | 0.72% | 5.3% |
| 1999 | 0.67% | 5.51% |
| 1998 | 0.62% | 5.46% |
| 1997 | 0.52% | 4.06% |
| 1996 | 0.46% | 2.86% |
| 1995 | 0.5% | 2.98% |
| 1994 | 0.6% | 3.08% |
| 1993 | 0.7% | 3.17% |
| 1992 | 0.76% | 3.25% |
| 1991 | 0.79% | 3.33% |
| 1990 | 0.69% | 3.41% |
| 1989 | 0.6% | 3.5% |
| 1988 | 0.65% | 3.59% |
| 1987 | 0.64% | 3.81% |
| 1986 | 0.56% | 4.5% |
| 1985 | 0.47% | 5.19% |
| 1984 | 0.4% | 5.51% |
| 1983 | 0.38% | 5.83% |
| 1982 | 0.46% | 6.13% |
| 1981 | 0.69% | 6.39% |
| 1980 | 0.79% | 6.67% |
| 1979 | 0.69% | 6.97% |
| 1978 | 0.62% | 7.33% |
| 1977 | 0.6% | 7.77% |
| 1976 | 0.79% | 8.27% |
| 1975 | 0.9% | 8.87% |
| 1974 | 0.79% | 9.59% |
| 1973 | 0.83% | 10.5% |
| 1972 | 1.02% | 11.5% |
| 1971 | 1.2% | 12.9% |
| 1970 | 1.25% | 12.9% |
| 1969 | 1.16% | 12.3% |
| 1968 | 1.04% | 12.7% |
| 1967 | 1.14% | 12.8% |
| 1966 | 1.31% | 12.7% |
| 1965 | 1.38% | 12.7% |
| 1964 | 1.35% | 12.9% |
| 1963 | 1.36% | 12.9% |
| 1962 | 1.43% | 12.5% |
| 1961 | 1.32% | 10.2% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/netherlands/qatar | CC BY
In 2025, the population of the Netherlands grew by 0.52%, while Qatar's population grew by 4%.
Live population counters
|
Netherlands
|
Qatar
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
18243998
|
3058826
|
| Population rank | 72/197 | 137/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.22% | 0.04% |
| One net population change |
5.6 minutes
|
4.61 minutes
|
| One birth every |
3.18 minutes
|
19.3 minutes
|
| One death every |
3.04 minutes
|
2.92 hours
|
| Daily growth/decline | +258 | +313 |
| Annual growth/decline | +94,148 | +114,393 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.52% | +4% |
| Population growth rate rank | 127/197 | 4/197 |
| One migration net change every |
5.03 minutes
|
14.5 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +104,681 | +36,288 |
| Net migration rank | 16/196 | 26/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 2,956,518 | 2,337,000 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 23/195 | 31/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 16.2% | 76.7% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 40/195 | 1/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Netherlands
|
Qatar
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 104,681 | - | 36,288 |
| 2024 | -7,197 | 121,628 | 24,214 | 46,105 |
| 2023 | -5,363 | 144,558 | 23,845 | 39,995 |
| 2022 | -1,770 | 224,472 | 24,360 | 80,004 |
| 2021 | 7,014 | 106,416 | 21,297 | 24,501 |
| 2020 | 0 | 67,598 | 25,128 | -50,433 |
| 2019 | 17,345 | 109,003 | 24,112 | 10,557 |
| 2018 | 15,508 | 87,197 | 23,340 | 12,465 |
| 2017 | 18,844 | 86,332 | 23,244 | 46,719 |
| 2016 | 23,843 | 88,743 | 22,416 | 119,725 |
| 2015 | 23,716 | 55,585 | 22,568 | 177,467 |
| 2014 | 35,417 | 36,591 | 21,699 | 194,712 |
| 2013 | 30,248 | 19,973 | 19,669 | 133,520 |
| 2012 | 35,186 | 14,861 | 17,681 | 77,091 |
| 2011 | 45,072 | 31,224 | 16,543 | 77,228 |
| 2010 | 48,184 | 33,703 | 16,225 | 90,620 |
| 2009 | 51,244 | 39,832 | 15,595 | 123,217 |
| 2008 | 49,337 | 32,406 | 14,062 | 165,572 |
| 2007 | 49,145 | -304 | 11,351 | 245,703 |
| 2006 | 49,038 | -25,401 | 10,225 | 204,236 |
| 2005 | 50,592 | -22,496 | 11,392 | 68,993 |
| 2004 | 56,987 | -9,230 | 11,242 | 12,531 |
| 2003 | 58,411 | 7,937 | 11,291 | 22,234 |
| 2002 | 59,751 | 28,824 | 11,062 | 22,356 |
| 2001 | 62,580 | 56,096 | 10,683 | 22,456 |
| 2000 | 66,887 | 59,308 | 9,974 | 22,769 |
| 1999 | 60,086 | 47,179 | 9,431 | 22,815 |
| 1998 | 61,258 | 52,058 | 9,055 | 22,618 |
| 1997 | 56,198 | 31,302 | 8,846 | 19,547 |
| 1996 | 51,251 | 21,792 | 9,049 | 5,517 |
| 1995 | 54,106 | 15,056 | 9,186 | 5,634 |
| 1994 | 61,532 | 20,193 | 9,257 | 5,660 |
| 1993 | 58,103 | 44,514 | 9,250 | 5,670 |
| 1992 | 66,811 | 50,148 | 9,189 | 5,670 |
| 1991 | 69,321 | 51,670 | 9,182 | 5,562 |
| 1990 | 68,777 | 53,564 | 9,388 | 5,216 |
| 1989 | 59,396 | 31,165 | 9,407 | 5,045 |
| 1988 | 61,993 | 31,026 | 9,198 | 5,118 |
| 1987 | 64,526 | 39,559 | 8,806 | 5,405 |
| 1986 | 59,746 | 30,380 | 8,439 | 6,512 |
| 1985 | 55,069 | 27,356 | 8,212 | 9,797 |
| 1984 | 54,812 | 12,902 | 7,997 | 10,113 |
| 1983 | 51,722 | 11,007 | 7,765 | 10,462 |
| 1982 | 54,388 | 7,644 | 7,489 | 10,634 |
| 1981 | 62,688 | 17,643 | 7,202 | 10,644 |
| 1980 | 66,504 | 54,010 | 6,894 | 10,540 |
| 1979 | 63,172 | 42,772 | 6,579 | 10,466 |
| 1978 | 61,344 | 26,639 | 6,246 | 10,434 |
| 1977 | 63,739 | 19,809 | 5,925 | 10,445 |
| 1976 | 63,361 | 18,774 | 5,598 | 10,494 |
| 1975 | 64,232 | 68,569 | 5,289 | 10,549 |
| 1974 | 75,853 | 31,645 | 5,015 | 10,603 |
| 1973 | 84,668 | 18,705 | 4,780 | 10,641 |
| 1972 | 101,297 | 17,470 | 4,581 | 10,663 |
| 1971 | 116,112 | 32,756 | 4,433 | 10,644 |
| 1970 | 129,082 | 32,438 | 4,346 | 10,579 |
| 1969 | 139,082 | 21,850 | 3,941 | 7,790 |
| 1968 | 132,389 | 7,243 | 3,547 | 7,266 |
| 1967 | 138,580 | -10,673 | 3,167 | 6,637 |
| 1966 | 138,265 | 20,740 | 2,811 | 5,880 |
| 1965 | 146,308 | 19,444 | 2,472 | 5,083 |
| 1964 | 157,653 | 15,014 | 2,150 | 4,686 |
| 1963 | 154,361 | -21 | 1,854 | 4,283 |
| 1962 | 153,474 | 18,024 | 1,589 | 3,773 |
| 1961 | 159,450 | 8,258 | 1,357 | 3,186 |
| 1960 | 151,623 | -13,235 | 1,220 | 1,586 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/netherlands/qatar | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 7.77% of the population change in the Netherlands is from natural causes (a gain of 91,940 people) and 92.2% is from migration (a gain of 1,091,532 people). In Qatar 31.6% is from natural causes (a gain of 234,524 people) and 68.4% is from migration (a gain of 507,105 people).
As of 2024, 2,956,518 residents or 16.2% of the population were not native-born in the Netherlands, compared to 2,337,000 people or 76.7% in Qatar.
Biggest cities by population
|
Netherlands
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Amsterdam | 921K |
| Rotterdam | 664K |
| The Hague | 548K |
| Utrecht | 359K |
| Eindhoven | 244K |
| Groningen | 238K |
| Tilburg | 228K |
| Almere | 215K |
| Breda | 188K |
| Nijmegen | 177K |
|
Qatar
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Doha | 1.19M |
| Al Khor | 31.5K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between the Netherlands and Qatar
|
Netherlands
|
Qatar
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 82.6 years | 82.8 years |
| Average age | 42.7 years | 33.2 years |
| Median age | 42.5 years | 34.5 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.7:50.3 | 71.1:28.9 |
| Fertility rate | 1.43 births per woman | 1.72 births per woman |
| Population density | 1,400 ppl/mi² | 684 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/netherlands/qatar | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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