The latest officially reported population of Qatar was 2,972,215 in 2025 vs 9,092,436 people in Switzerland in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Qatar's population is 3,058,826 people compared to 9,155,878 in Switzerland.
Population statistics:
- Switzerland's population is 2.99 times bigger than Qatar's.
- Qatar is ranked the 137th most populous country in the world, while Switzerland is the 99th.
- The countries together account for 0.15% of the world: 0.04% for Qatar vs 0.11% for Switzerland.
- For the last 10 years, Qatar has had an average growth rate of +3.11% per year vs +0.96% in Switzerland.
- Since 2006, the population of Qatar has increased from 973K people to 3.06M (214.4% growth), while Switzerland has grown from 7.48M to 9.16M (22.3% growth).
Qatar vs Switzerland: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Qatar
|
Switzerland
|
|
| 2100 | 6,972,765 | 9,273,514 |
| 2099 | 6,902,865 | 9,265,656 |
| 2098 | 6,832,972 | 9,259,266 |
| 2097 | 6,763,112 | 9,251,854 |
| 2096 | 6,693,313 | 9,248,107 |
| 2095 | 6,623,737 | 9,242,564 |
| 2094 | 6,554,428 | 9,238,163 |
| 2093 | 6,485,480 | 9,235,730 |
| 2092 | 6,416,857 | 9,233,129 |
| 2091 | 6,348,472 | 9,230,180 |
| 2090 | 6,280,498 | 9,228,148 |
| 2089 | 6,212,895 | 9,227,779 |
| 2088 | 6,145,694 | 9,229,133 |
| 2087 | 6,079,024 | 9,228,792 |
| 2086 | 6,012,856 | 9,230,530 |
| 2085 | 5,947,139 | 9,234,782 |
| 2084 | 5,882,052 | 9,239,056 |
| 2083 | 5,817,423 | 9,244,001 |
| 2082 | 5,753,042 | 9,249,813 |
| 2081 | 5,689,198 | 9,256,210 |
| 2080 | 5,626,301 | 9,262,647 |
| 2079 | 5,563,686 | 9,270,123 |
| 2078 | 5,501,503 | 9,276,881 |
| 2077 | 5,439,884 | 9,284,565 |
| 2076 | 5,378,805 | 9,289,534 |
| 2075 | 5,318,176 | 9,295,062 |
| 2074 | 5,257,980 | 9,305,809 |
| 2073 | 5,198,464 | 9,314,832 |
| 2072 | 5,139,487 | 9,322,610 |
| 2071 | 5,081,134 | 9,332,380 |
| 2070 | 5,023,260 | 9,343,357 |
| 2069 | 4,966,009 | 9,351,483 |
| 2068 | 4,909,308 | 9,359,919 |
| 2067 | 4,853,160 | 9,367,355 |
| 2066 | 4,797,538 | 9,379,120 |
| 2065 | 4,742,437 | 9,391,197 |
| 2064 | 4,687,734 | 9,402,175 |
| 2063 | 4,633,558 | 9,412,246 |
| 2062 | 4,580,556 | 9,423,109 |
| 2061 | 4,528,210 | 9,434,937 |
| 2060 | 4,476,460 | 9,443,858 |
| 2059 | 4,425,307 | 9,454,223 |
| 2058 | 4,374,761 | 9,462,577 |
| 2057 | 4,324,674 | 9,468,254 |
| 2056 | 4,275,356 | 9,475,514 |
| 2055 | 4,226,248 | 9,483,998 |
| 2054 | 4,177,940 | 9,491,408 |
| 2053 | 4,129,988 | 9,496,551 |
| 2052 | 4,082,778 | 9,496,579 |
| 2051 | 4,036,106 | 9,496,556 |
| 2050 | 3,989,893 | 9,494,698 |
| 2049 | 3,944,197 | 9,491,222 |
| 2048 | 3,898,911 | 9,484,200 |
| 2047 | 3,854,117 | 9,477,140 |
| 2046 | 3,809,818 | 9,471,007 |
| 2045 | 3,766,041 | 9,465,183 |
| 2044 | 3,722,804 | 9,458,151 |
| 2043 | 3,680,166 | 9,450,730 |
| 2042 | 3,638,155 | 9,440,733 |
| 2041 | 3,596,830 | 9,433,753 |
| 2040 | 3,556,201 | 9,422,510 |
| 2039 | 3,516,349 | 9,413,795 |
| 2038 | 3,477,295 | 9,404,803 |
| 2037 | 3,439,088 | 9,393,982 |
| 2036 | 3,401,760 | 9,382,127 |
| 2035 | 3,365,348 | 9,368,526 |
| 2034 | 3,329,762 | 9,351,603 |
| 2033 | 3,295,048 | 9,334,357 |
| 2032 | 3,261,276 | 9,315,617 |
| 2031 | 3,228,377 | 9,292,331 |
| 2030 | 3,196,357 | 9,267,380 |
| 2029 | 3,161,836 | 9,240,823 |
| 2028 | 3,124,179 | 9,209,567 |
| 2027 | 3,083,362 | 9,174,540 |
| 2026 | 3,032,913 | 9,136,169 |
| 2025 | 2,972,215 | 9,092,436 |
| 2024 | 2,857,822 | 9,005,582 |
| 2023 | 2,656,032 | 8,888,822 |
| 2022 | 2,657,333 | 8,777,088 |
| 2021 | 2,504,910 | 8,704,546 |
| 2020 | 2,794,148 | 8,638,167 |
| 2019 | 2,638,657 | 8,575,280 |
| 2018 | 2,580,734 | 8,514,329 |
| 2017 | 2,545,820 | 8,451,840 |
| 2016 | 2,477,113 | 8,373,338 |
| 2015 | 2,344,557 | 8,282,396 |
| 2014 | 2,151,745 | 8,188,649 |
| 2013 | 1,916,426 | 8,089,346 |
| 2012 | 1,722,438 | 7,996,861 |
| 2011 | 1,624,761 | 7,912,398 |
| 2010 | 1,616,832 | 7,824,909 |
| 2009 | 1,608,903 | 7,743,831 |
| 2008 | 1,426,938 | 7,647,675 |
| 2007 | 1,208,595 | 7,551,117 |
| 2006 | 972,831 | 7,483,934 |
| 2005 | 825,408 | 7,437,115 |
| 2004 | 773,332 | 7,389,625 |
| 2003 | 744,682 | 7,339,001 |
| 2002 | 711,205 | 7,284,753 |
| 2001 | 677,925 | 7,229,854 |
| 2000 | 644,989 | 7,184,250 |
| 1999 | 612,500 | 7,143,991 |
| 1998 | 580,540 | 7,110,001 |
| 1997 | 550,500 | 7,088,906 |
| 1996 | 529,019 | 7,071,850 |
| 1995 | 514,325 | 7,040,687 |
| 1994 | 499,459 | 6,993,795 |
| 1993 | 484,545 | 6,938,265 |
| 1992 | 469,657 | 6,875,364 |
| 1991 | 454,853 | 6,799,978 |
| 1990 | 440,175 | 6,715,519 |
| 1989 | 425,646 | 6,646,912 |
| 1988 | 411,264 | 6,593,386 |
| 1987 | 397,005 | 6,545,106 |
| 1986 | 382,422 | 6,504,124 |
| 1985 | 365,940 | 6,470,365 |
| 1984 | 347,878 | 6,441,865 |
| 1983 | 329,709 | 6,418,773 |
| 1982 | 311,537 | 6,391,309 |
| 1981 | 293,553 | 6,354,074 |
| 1980 | 275,913 | 6,319,408 |
| 1979 | 258,670 | 6,294,365 |
| 1978 | 241,808 | 6,281,738 |
| 1977 | 225,285 | 6,281,174 |
| 1976 | 209,052 | 6,302,504 |
| 1975 | 193,087 | 6,338,632 |
| 1974 | 177,362 | 6,341,405 |
| 1973 | 161,841 | 6,307,347 |
| 1972 | 146,506 | 6,260,956 |
| 1971 | 131,346 | 6,213,399 |
| 1970 | 116,350 | 6,180,877 |
| 1969 | 103,025 | 6,136,387 |
| 1968 | 91,749 | 6,067,714 |
| 1967 | 81,439 | 5,991,785 |
| 1966 | 72,192 | 5,918,002 |
| 1965 | 64,065 | 5,856,472 |
| 1964 | 56,867 | 5,789,228 |
| 1963 | 50,380 | 5,694,247 |
| 1962 | 44,630 | 5,573,815 |
| 1961 | 39,680 | 5,434,294 |
| 1960 | 36,010 | 5,327,827 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/qatar/switzerland | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Qatar increased by 1,504,282 people (a 154.6% growth), while Switzerland gained 889,404 people (a 11.9% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Qatar gained 581,713 people (a 23.5% growth), while Switzerland's population increased by 782,540 people (a 9.35% growth).
Qatar was ranked 156th most populous country in 2006 and is 137th in 2026. Switzerland was ranked 96th in 2006 and ranked 99th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Qatar's population will grow by 30.4% to 3,989,893 people with a rank change from 137th to 134th. The population of Switzerland will increase by 3.7% to 9,494,698 people and rank change from 99th to 102nd.
Qatar is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 6.97M people compared to the peak of 9.5M people in 2052 for Switzerland.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Qatar
|
Switzerland
|
|
| 2100 | 1.01% | 0.08% |
| 2099 | 1.02% | 0.07% |
| 2098 | 1.03% | 0.08% |
| 2097 | 1.04% | 0.04% |
| 2096 | 1.05% | 0.06% |
| 2095 | 1.06% | 0.05% |
| 2094 | 1.06% | 0.03% |
| 2093 | 1.07% | 0.03% |
| 2092 | 1.08% | 0.03% |
| 2091 | 1.08% | 0.02% |
| 2090 | 1.09% | 0.004% |
| 2089 | 1.09% | -0.01% |
| 2088 | 1.1% | 0.004% |
| 2087 | 1.1% | -0.02% |
| 2086 | 1.11% | -0.05% |
| 2085 | 1.11% | -0.05% |
| 2084 | 1.11% | -0.05% |
| 2083 | 1.12% | -0.06% |
| 2082 | 1.12% | -0.07% |
| 2081 | 1.12% | -0.07% |
| 2080 | 1.13% | -0.08% |
| 2079 | 1.13% | -0.07% |
| 2078 | 1.13% | -0.08% |
| 2077 | 1.14% | -0.05% |
| 2076 | 1.14% | -0.06% |
| 2075 | 1.14% | -0.12% |
| 2074 | 1.14% | -0.1% |
| 2073 | 1.15% | -0.08% |
| 2072 | 1.15% | -0.1% |
| 2071 | 1.15% | -0.12% |
| 2070 | 1.15% | -0.09% |
| 2069 | 1.15% | -0.09% |
| 2068 | 1.16% | -0.08% |
| 2067 | 1.16% | -0.13% |
| 2066 | 1.16% | -0.13% |
| 2065 | 1.17% | -0.12% |
| 2064 | 1.17% | -0.11% |
| 2063 | 1.16% | -0.12% |
| 2062 | 1.16% | -0.13% |
| 2061 | 1.16% | -0.09% |
| 2060 | 1.16% | -0.11% |
| 2059 | 1.16% | -0.09% |
| 2058 | 1.16% | -0.06% |
| 2057 | 1.15% | -0.08% |
| 2056 | 1.16% | -0.09% |
| 2055 | 1.16% | -0.08% |
| 2054 | 1.16% | -0.05% |
| 2053 | 1.16% | -0% |
| 2052 | 1.16% | 0% |
| 2051 | 1.16% | 0.02% |
| 2050 | 1.16% | 0.04% |
| 2049 | 1.16% | 0.07% |
| 2048 | 1.16% | 0.07% |
| 2047 | 1.16% | 0.06% |
| 2046 | 1.16% | 0.06% |
| 2045 | 1.16% | 0.07% |
| 2044 | 1.16% | 0.08% |
| 2043 | 1.15% | 0.11% |
| 2042 | 1.15% | 0.07% |
| 2041 | 1.14% | 0.12% |
| 2040 | 1.13% | 0.09% |
| 2039 | 1.12% | 0.1% |
| 2038 | 1.11% | 0.12% |
| 2037 | 1.1% | 0.13% |
| 2036 | 1.08% | 0.15% |
| 2035 | 1.07% | 0.18% |
| 2034 | 1.05% | 0.18% |
| 2033 | 1.04% | 0.2% |
| 2032 | 1.02% | 0.25% |
| 2031 | 1% | 0.27% |
| 2030 | 1.09% | 0.29% |
| 2029 | 1.21% | 0.34% |
| 2028 | 1.32% | 0.38% |
| 2027 | 1.66% | 0.42% |
| 2026 | 2.04% | 0.48% |
| 2025 | 4% | 0.96% |
| 2024 | 7.6% | 1.31% |
| 2023 | -0.05% | 1.27% |
| 2022 | 6.08% | 0.83% |
| 2021 | -10.4% | 0.77% |
| 2020 | 5.89% | 0.73% |
| 2019 | 2.24% | 0.72% |
| 2018 | 1.37% | 0.74% |
| 2017 | 2.77% | 0.94% |
| 2016 | 5.65% | 1.1% |
| 2015 | 8.96% | 1.14% |
| 2014 | 12.3% | 1.23% |
| 2013 | 11.3% | 1.16% |
| 2012 | 6.01% | 1.07% |
| 2011 | 0.49% | 1.12% |
| 2010 | 0.49% | 1.05% |
| 2009 | 12.8% | 1.26% |
| 2008 | 18.1% | 1.28% |
| 2007 | 24.2% | 0.9% |
| 2006 | 17.9% | 0.63% |
| 2005 | 6.73% | 0.64% |
| 2004 | 3.85% | 0.69% |
| 2003 | 4.71% | 0.74% |
| 2002 | 4.91% | 0.76% |
| 2001 | 5.11% | 0.63% |
| 2000 | 5.3% | 0.56% |
| 1999 | 5.51% | 0.48% |
| 1998 | 5.46% | 0.3% |
| 1997 | 4.06% | 0.24% |
| 1996 | 2.86% | 0.44% |
| 1995 | 2.98% | 0.67% |
| 1994 | 3.08% | 0.8% |
| 1993 | 3.17% | 0.91% |
| 1992 | 3.25% | 1.11% |
| 1991 | 3.33% | 1.26% |
| 1990 | 3.41% | 1.03% |
| 1989 | 3.5% | 0.81% |
| 1988 | 3.59% | 0.74% |
| 1987 | 3.81% | 0.63% |
| 1986 | 4.5% | 0.52% |
| 1985 | 5.19% | 0.44% |
| 1984 | 5.51% | 0.36% |
| 1983 | 5.83% | 0.43% |
| 1982 | 6.13% | 0.59% |
| 1981 | 6.39% | 0.55% |
| 1980 | 6.67% | 0.4% |
| 1979 | 6.97% | 0.2% |
| 1978 | 7.33% | 0.009% |
| 1977 | 7.77% | -0.34% |
| 1976 | 8.27% | -0.57% |
| 1975 | 8.87% | -0.04% |
| 1974 | 9.59% | 0.54% |
| 1973 | 10.5% | 0.74% |
| 1972 | 11.5% | 0.77% |
| 1971 | 12.9% | 0.53% |
| 1970 | 12.9% | 0.73% |
| 1969 | 12.3% | 1.13% |
| 1968 | 12.7% | 1.27% |
| 1967 | 12.8% | 1.25% |
| 1966 | 12.7% | 1.05% |
| 1965 | 12.7% | 1.16% |
| 1964 | 12.9% | 1.67% |
| 1963 | 12.9% | 2.16% |
| 1962 | 12.5% | 2.57% |
| 1961 | 10.2% | 2% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/qatar/switzerland | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Qatar grew by 4%, while Switzerland's population grew by 0.96%.
Live population counters
|
Qatar
|
Switzerland
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
3058826
|
9155878
|
| Population rank | 137/197 | 99/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.04% | 0.11% |
| One net population change |
4.61 minutes
|
6.07 minutes
|
| One birth every |
19.3 minutes
|
6.71 minutes
|
| One death every |
2.92 hours
|
7.3 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +313 | +238 |
| Annual growth/decline | +114,393 | +86,854 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +4% | +0.96% |
| Population growth rate rank | 4/197 | 101/197 |
| One migration net change every |
14.5 minutes
|
14.1 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +36,288 | +37,253 |
| Net migration rank | 26/196 | 25/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 2,337,000 | 2,773,840 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 31/195 | 27/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 76.7% | 31.1% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 1/195 | 17/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Qatar
|
Switzerland
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 36,288 | - | 37,253 |
| 2024 | 24,214 | 46,105 | 6,304 | 40,099 |
| 2023 | 23,845 | 39,995 | 8,000 | 45,098 |
| 2022 | 24,360 | 80,004 | 7,899 | 96,424 |
| 2021 | 21,297 | 24,501 | 18,279 | 50,665 |
| 2020 | 25,128 | -50,433 | 9,502 | 55,523 |
| 2019 | 24,112 | 10,557 | 18,008 | 44,517 |
| 2018 | 23,340 | 12,465 | 20,434 | 41,253 |
| 2017 | 23,244 | 46,719 | 20,284 | 45,658 |
| 2016 | 22,416 | 119,725 | 22,608 | 71,009 |
| 2015 | 22,568 | 177,467 | 19,050 | 71,876 |
| 2014 | 21,699 | 194,712 | 21,290 | 78,122 |
| 2013 | 19,669 | 133,520 | 17,797 | 83,823 |
| 2012 | 17,681 | 77,091 | 18,393 | 67,840 |
| 2011 | 16,543 | 77,228 | 18,990 | 67,194 |
| 2010 | 16,225 | 90,620 | 17,997 | 76,388 |
| 2009 | 15,595 | 123,217 | 15,487 | 69,324 |
| 2008 | 14,062 | 165,572 | 15,295 | 94,430 |
| 2007 | 11,351 | 245,703 | 13,592 | 72,475 |
| 2006 | 10,225 | 204,236 | 12,723 | 37,308 |
| 2005 | 11,392 | 68,993 | 11,899 | 33,203 |
| 2004 | 11,242 | 12,531 | 13,302 | 39,484 |
| 2003 | 11,291 | 22,234 | 8,807 | 42,567 |
| 2002 | 11,062 | 22,356 | 10,199 | 49,650 |
| 2001 | 10,683 | 22,456 | 10,845 | 35,420 |
| 2000 | 9,974 | 22,769 | 15,806 | 24,463 |
| 1999 | 9,431 | 22,815 | 16,431 | 25,599 |
| 1998 | 9,055 | 22,618 | 16,353 | 11,325 |
| 1997 | 8,846 | 19,547 | 17,722 | -1,939 |
| 1996 | 9,049 | 5,517 | 19,801 | -131 |
| 1995 | 9,186 | 5,634 | 19,010 | 25,343 |
| 1994 | 9,257 | 5,660 | 20,982 | 30,274 |
| 1993 | 9,250 | 5,670 | 21,509 | 40,267 |
| 1992 | 9,189 | 5,670 | 24,064 | 42,014 |
| 1991 | 9,182 | 5,562 | 23,800 | 69,738 |
| 1990 | 9,388 | 5,216 | 20,146 | 58,428 |
| 1989 | 9,407 | 5,045 | 19,941 | 34,432 |
| 1988 | 9,198 | 5,118 | 21,099 | 34,602 |
| 1987 | 8,806 | 5,405 | 15,708 | 27,081 |
| 1986 | 8,439 | 6,512 | 16,261 | 23,242 |
| 1985 | 8,212 | 9,797 | 14,882 | 14,402 |
| 1984 | 7,997 | 10,113 | 16,105 | 12,532 |
| 1983 | 7,765 | 10,462 | 12,837 | 5,663 |
| 1982 | 7,489 | 10,634 | 15,339 | 21,929 |
| 1981 | 7,202 | 10,644 | 13,979 | 24,229 |
| 1980 | 6,894 | 10,540 | 14,535 | 17,841 |
| 1979 | 6,579 | 10,466 | 14,477 | 4,262 |
| 1978 | 6,246 | 10,434 | 13,820 | -6,552 |
| 1977 | 5,925 | 10,445 | 16,959 | -22,516 |
| 1976 | 5,598 | 10,494 | 17,017 | -54,255 |
| 1975 | 5,289 | 10,549 | 22,820 | -58,187 |
| 1974 | 5,015 | 10,603 | 27,902 | 2,008 |
| 1973 | 4,780 | 10,641 | 30,906 | 8,158 |
| 1972 | 4,581 | 10,663 | 35,061 | 19,991 |
| 1971 | 4,433 | 10,644 | 38,523 | 2,636 |
| 1970 | 4,346 | 10,579 | 42,648 | -18,326 |
| 1969 | 3,941 | 7,790 | 44,182 | 20,754 |
| 1968 | 3,547 | 7,266 | 47,328 | 25,828 |
| 1967 | 3,167 | 6,637 | 52,128 | 27,697 |
| 1966 | 2,811 | 5,880 | 53,854 | 14,979 |
| 1965 | 2,472 | 5,083 | 56,222 | -1,351 |
| 1964 | 2,150 | 4,686 | 59,050 | 21,455 |
| 1963 | 1,854 | 4,283 | 52,956 | 58,415 |
| 1962 | 1,589 | 3,773 | 49,050 | 82,798 |
| 1961 | 1,357 | 3,186 | 48,365 | 101,278 |
| 1960 | 1,220 | 1,586 | 42,090 | 22,313 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/qatar/switzerland | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 31.6% of the population change in Qatar is from natural causes (a gain of 234,524 people) and 68.4% is from migration (a gain of 507,105 people). In Switzerland 21.1% is from natural causes (a gain of 150,368 people) and 78.9% is from migration (a gain of 562,122 people).
As of 2024, 2,337,000 residents or 76.7% of the population were not native-born in Qatar, compared to 2,773,840 people or 31.1% in Switzerland.
Biggest cities by population
|
Qatar
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Doha | 1.19M |
| Al Khor | 31.5K |
|
Switzerland
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Zurich | 452K |
| Geneva | 209K |
| Basel | 176K |
| Bern | 146K |
| Lausanne | 145K |
| Winterthur | 120K |
| Lucerne | 86.2K |
| St. Gallen | 78.9K |
| Lugano | 63.5K |
| Biel/Bienne | 55.9K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Qatar and Switzerland
|
Qatar
|
Switzerland
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 82.8 years | 84.4 years |
| Average age | 33.2 years | 43.4 years |
| Median age | 34.5 years | 43.9 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 71.1:28.9 | 49.7:50.3 |
| Fertility rate | 1.72 births per woman | 1.29 births per woman |
| Population density | 684 ppl/mi² | 599 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/qatar/switzerland | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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