The latest officially reported population of El Salvador was 6,365,503 in 2025 vs 2,972,215 people in Qatar in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current El Salvador's population is 6,404,781 people compared to 3,058,826 in Qatar.
Population statistics:
- El Salvador's population is 2.09 times bigger than Qatar's.
- El Salvador is ranked the 111th most populous country in the world, while Qatar is the 137th.
- The countries together account for 0.11% of the world: 0.08% for El Salvador vs 0.04% for Qatar.
- For the last 10 years, El Salvador has had an average growth rate of +0.29% per year vs +3.11% in Qatar.
- Since 2006, the population of El Salvador has increased from 6M people to 6.4M (6.71% growth), while Qatar has grown from 973K to 3.06M (214.4% growth).
El Salvador vs Qatar: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
El Salvador
|
Qatar
|
|
| 2100 | 5,105,420 | 6,972,765 |
| 2099 | 5,149,457 | 6,902,865 |
| 2098 | 5,194,156 | 6,832,972 |
| 2097 | 5,239,201 | 6,763,112 |
| 2096 | 5,285,584 | 6,693,313 |
| 2095 | 5,332,377 | 6,623,737 |
| 2094 | 5,379,380 | 6,554,428 |
| 2093 | 5,426,293 | 6,485,480 |
| 2092 | 5,473,168 | 6,416,857 |
| 2091 | 5,520,243 | 6,348,472 |
| 2090 | 5,567,316 | 6,280,498 |
| 2089 | 5,614,518 | 6,212,895 |
| 2088 | 5,661,216 | 6,145,694 |
| 2087 | 5,708,023 | 6,079,024 |
| 2086 | 5,754,535 | 6,012,856 |
| 2085 | 5,800,712 | 5,947,139 |
| 2084 | 5,846,470 | 5,882,052 |
| 2083 | 5,890,746 | 5,817,423 |
| 2082 | 5,933,965 | 5,753,042 |
| 2081 | 5,976,533 | 5,689,198 |
| 2080 | 6,018,220 | 5,626,301 |
| 2079 | 6,058,704 | 5,563,686 |
| 2078 | 6,097,568 | 5,501,503 |
| 2077 | 6,135,005 | 5,439,884 |
| 2076 | 6,171,552 | 5,378,805 |
| 2075 | 6,205,725 | 5,318,176 |
| 2074 | 6,238,209 | 5,257,980 |
| 2073 | 6,271,184 | 5,198,464 |
| 2072 | 6,300,399 | 5,139,487 |
| 2071 | 6,328,923 | 5,081,134 |
| 2070 | 6,356,884 | 5,023,260 |
| 2069 | 6,383,690 | 4,966,009 |
| 2068 | 6,409,808 | 4,909,308 |
| 2067 | 6,434,255 | 4,853,160 |
| 2066 | 6,457,592 | 4,797,538 |
| 2065 | 6,480,747 | 4,742,437 |
| 2064 | 6,502,689 | 4,687,734 |
| 2063 | 6,523,174 | 4,633,558 |
| 2062 | 6,541,955 | 4,580,556 |
| 2061 | 6,559,213 | 4,528,210 |
| 2060 | 6,576,220 | 4,476,460 |
| 2059 | 6,591,451 | 4,425,307 |
| 2058 | 6,605,091 | 4,374,761 |
| 2057 | 6,619,257 | 4,324,674 |
| 2056 | 6,632,447 | 4,275,356 |
| 2055 | 6,644,372 | 4,226,248 |
| 2054 | 6,655,028 | 4,177,940 |
| 2053 | 6,662,891 | 4,129,988 |
| 2052 | 6,669,204 | 4,082,778 |
| 2051 | 6,675,431 | 4,036,106 |
| 2050 | 6,678,745 | 3,989,893 |
| 2049 | 6,682,265 | 3,944,197 |
| 2048 | 6,683,689 | 3,898,911 |
| 2047 | 6,683,495 | 3,854,117 |
| 2046 | 6,682,835 | 3,809,818 |
| 2045 | 6,680,720 | 3,766,041 |
| 2044 | 6,678,277 | 3,722,804 |
| 2043 | 6,672,970 | 3,680,166 |
| 2042 | 6,666,915 | 3,638,155 |
| 2041 | 6,659,099 | 3,596,830 |
| 2040 | 6,649,797 | 3,556,201 |
| 2039 | 6,639,891 | 3,516,349 |
| 2038 | 6,627,081 | 3,477,295 |
| 2037 | 6,614,212 | 3,439,088 |
| 2036 | 6,599,632 | 3,401,760 |
| 2035 | 6,583,864 | 3,365,348 |
| 2034 | 6,567,581 | 3,329,762 |
| 2033 | 6,548,738 | 3,295,048 |
| 2032 | 6,529,775 | 3,261,276 |
| 2031 | 6,509,868 | 3,228,377 |
| 2030 | 6,489,300 | 3,196,357 |
| 2029 | 6,466,193 | 3,161,836 |
| 2028 | 6,442,242 | 3,124,179 |
| 2027 | 6,417,110 | 3,083,362 |
| 2026 | 6,391,761 | 3,032,913 |
| 2025 | 6,365,503 | 2,972,215 |
| 2024 | 6,338,193 | 2,857,822 |
| 2023 | 6,309,624 | 2,656,032 |
| 2022 | 6,280,319 | 2,657,333 |
| 2021 | 6,255,782 | 2,504,910 |
| 2020 | 6,234,673 | 2,794,148 |
| 2019 | 6,222,318 | 2,638,657 |
| 2018 | 6,219,807 | 2,580,734 |
| 2017 | 6,213,533 | 2,545,820 |
| 2016 | 6,200,800 | 2,477,113 |
| 2015 | 6,183,676 | 2,344,557 |
| 2014 | 6,162,955 | 2,151,745 |
| 2013 | 6,138,839 | 1,916,426 |
| 2012 | 6,113,975 | 1,722,438 |
| 2011 | 6,090,127 | 1,624,761 |
| 2010 | 6,068,249 | 1,616,832 |
| 2009 | 6,048,279 | 1,608,903 |
| 2008 | 6,029,297 | 1,426,938 |
| 2007 | 6,009,824 | 1,208,595 |
| 2006 | 6,002,319 | 972,831 |
| 2005 | 6,005,578 | 825,408 |
| 2004 | 6,004,671 | 773,332 |
| 2003 | 5,998,599 | 744,682 |
| 2002 | 5,986,631 | 711,205 |
| 2001 | 5,968,060 | 677,925 |
| 2000 | 5,943,366 | 644,989 |
| 1999 | 5,913,900 | 612,500 |
| 1998 | 5,880,781 | 580,540 |
| 1997 | 5,844,578 | 550,500 |
| 1996 | 5,805,286 | 529,019 |
| 1995 | 5,762,131 | 514,325 |
| 1994 | 5,714,129 | 499,459 |
| 1993 | 5,659,957 | 484,545 |
| 1992 | 5,585,609 | 469,657 |
| 1991 | 5,495,077 | 454,853 |
| 1990 | 5,399,726 | 440,175 |
| 1989 | 5,298,979 | 425,646 |
| 1988 | 5,195,833 | 411,264 |
| 1987 | 5,092,441 | 397,005 |
| 1986 | 4,992,769 | 382,422 |
| 1985 | 4,894,706 | 365,940 |
| 1984 | 4,798,003 | 347,878 |
| 1983 | 4,707,367 | 329,709 |
| 1982 | 4,622,477 | 311,537 |
| 1981 | 4,570,599 | 293,553 |
| 1980 | 4,540,382 | 275,913 |
| 1979 | 4,480,388 | 258,670 |
| 1978 | 4,394,114 | 241,808 |
| 1977 | 4,301,256 | 225,285 |
| 1976 | 4,210,310 | 209,052 |
| 1975 | 4,120,449 | 193,087 |
| 1974 | 4,029,671 | 177,362 |
| 1973 | 3,938,068 | 161,841 |
| 1972 | 3,846,830 | 146,506 |
| 1971 | 3,757,523 | 131,346 |
| 1970 | 3,668,796 | 116,350 |
| 1969 | 3,576,485 | 103,025 |
| 1968 | 3,480,773 | 91,749 |
| 1967 | 3,385,184 | 81,439 |
| 1966 | 3,290,961 | 72,192 |
| 1965 | 3,199,466 | 64,065 |
| 1964 | 3,111,883 | 56,867 |
| 1963 | 3,028,679 | 50,380 |
| 1962 | 2,949,204 | 44,630 |
| 1961 | 2,870,016 | 39,680 |
| 1960 | 2,791,459 | 36,010 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/el-salvador/qatar | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of El Salvador increased by 198,481 people (a 3.31% growth), while Qatar gained 1,504,282 people (a 154.6% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, El Salvador gained 203,981 people (a 3.29% growth), while Qatar's population increased by 581,713 people (a 23.5% growth).
El Salvador was ranked 102nd most populous country in 2006 and is 111th in 2026. Qatar was ranked 156th in 2006 and ranked 137th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) El Salvador's population will grow by 4.28% to 6,678,745 people with a rank change from 111th to 116th. The population of Qatar will increase by 30.4% to 3,989,893 people and rank change from 137th to 134th.
El Salvador is projected to reach its peak in 2048 at 6.68M people compared to the peak of 6.97M people in 2100 for Qatar.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
El Salvador
|
Qatar
|
|
| 2100 | -0.86% | 1.01% |
| 2099 | -0.86% | 1.02% |
| 2098 | -0.86% | 1.03% |
| 2097 | -0.88% | 1.04% |
| 2096 | -0.88% | 1.05% |
| 2095 | -0.87% | 1.06% |
| 2094 | -0.86% | 1.06% |
| 2093 | -0.86% | 1.07% |
| 2092 | -0.85% | 1.08% |
| 2091 | -0.85% | 1.08% |
| 2090 | -0.84% | 1.09% |
| 2089 | -0.82% | 1.09% |
| 2088 | -0.82% | 1.1% |
| 2087 | -0.81% | 1.1% |
| 2086 | -0.8% | 1.11% |
| 2085 | -0.78% | 1.11% |
| 2084 | -0.75% | 1.11% |
| 2083 | -0.73% | 1.12% |
| 2082 | -0.71% | 1.12% |
| 2081 | -0.69% | 1.12% |
| 2080 | -0.67% | 1.13% |
| 2079 | -0.64% | 1.13% |
| 2078 | -0.61% | 1.13% |
| 2077 | -0.59% | 1.14% |
| 2076 | -0.55% | 1.14% |
| 2075 | -0.52% | 1.14% |
| 2074 | -0.53% | 1.14% |
| 2073 | -0.46% | 1.15% |
| 2072 | -0.45% | 1.15% |
| 2071 | -0.44% | 1.15% |
| 2070 | -0.42% | 1.15% |
| 2069 | -0.41% | 1.15% |
| 2068 | -0.38% | 1.16% |
| 2067 | -0.36% | 1.16% |
| 2066 | -0.36% | 1.16% |
| 2065 | -0.34% | 1.17% |
| 2064 | -0.31% | 1.17% |
| 2063 | -0.29% | 1.16% |
| 2062 | -0.26% | 1.16% |
| 2061 | -0.26% | 1.16% |
| 2060 | -0.23% | 1.16% |
| 2059 | -0.21% | 1.16% |
| 2058 | -0.21% | 1.16% |
| 2057 | -0.2% | 1.15% |
| 2056 | -0.18% | 1.16% |
| 2055 | -0.16% | 1.16% |
| 2054 | -0.12% | 1.16% |
| 2053 | -0.09% | 1.16% |
| 2052 | -0.09% | 1.16% |
| 2051 | -0.05% | 1.16% |
| 2050 | -0.05% | 1.16% |
| 2049 | -0.02% | 1.16% |
| 2048 | 0.003% | 1.16% |
| 2047 | 0.01% | 1.16% |
| 2046 | 0.03% | 1.16% |
| 2045 | 0.04% | 1.16% |
| 2044 | 0.08% | 1.16% |
| 2043 | 0.09% | 1.15% |
| 2042 | 0.12% | 1.15% |
| 2041 | 0.14% | 1.14% |
| 2040 | 0.15% | 1.13% |
| 2039 | 0.19% | 1.12% |
| 2038 | 0.19% | 1.11% |
| 2037 | 0.22% | 1.1% |
| 2036 | 0.24% | 1.08% |
| 2035 | 0.25% | 1.07% |
| 2034 | 0.29% | 1.05% |
| 2033 | 0.29% | 1.04% |
| 2032 | 0.31% | 1.02% |
| 2031 | 0.32% | 1% |
| 2030 | 0.36% | 1.09% |
| 2029 | 0.37% | 1.21% |
| 2028 | 0.39% | 1.32% |
| 2027 | 0.4% | 1.66% |
| 2026 | 0.41% | 2.04% |
| 2025 | 0.43% | 4% |
| 2024 | 0.45% | 7.6% |
| 2023 | 0.47% | -0.05% |
| 2022 | 0.39% | 6.08% |
| 2021 | 0.34% | -10.4% |
| 2020 | 0.2% | 5.89% |
| 2019 | 0.04% | 2.24% |
| 2018 | 0.1% | 1.37% |
| 2017 | 0.21% | 2.77% |
| 2016 | 0.28% | 5.65% |
| 2015 | 0.34% | 8.96% |
| 2014 | 0.39% | 12.3% |
| 2013 | 0.41% | 11.3% |
| 2012 | 0.39% | 6.01% |
| 2011 | 0.36% | 0.49% |
| 2010 | 0.33% | 0.49% |
| 2009 | 0.31% | 12.8% |
| 2008 | 0.32% | 18.1% |
| 2007 | 0.13% | 24.2% |
| 2006 | -0.05% | 17.9% |
| 2005 | 0.02% | 6.73% |
| 2004 | 0.1% | 3.85% |
| 2003 | 0.2% | 4.71% |
| 2002 | 0.31% | 4.91% |
| 2001 | 0.42% | 5.11% |
| 2000 | 0.5% | 5.3% |
| 1999 | 0.56% | 5.51% |
| 1998 | 0.62% | 5.46% |
| 1997 | 0.68% | 4.06% |
| 1996 | 0.75% | 2.86% |
| 1995 | 0.84% | 2.98% |
| 1994 | 0.96% | 3.08% |
| 1993 | 1.33% | 3.17% |
| 1992 | 1.65% | 3.25% |
| 1991 | 1.77% | 3.33% |
| 1990 | 1.9% | 3.41% |
| 1989 | 1.99% | 3.5% |
| 1988 | 2.03% | 3.59% |
| 1987 | 2% | 3.81% |
| 1986 | 2% | 4.5% |
| 1985 | 2.02% | 5.19% |
| 1984 | 1.93% | 5.51% |
| 1983 | 1.84% | 5.83% |
| 1982 | 1.14% | 6.13% |
| 1981 | 0.67% | 6.39% |
| 1980 | 1.34% | 6.67% |
| 1979 | 1.96% | 6.97% |
| 1978 | 2.16% | 7.33% |
| 1977 | 2.16% | 7.77% |
| 1976 | 2.18% | 8.27% |
| 1975 | 2.25% | 8.87% |
| 1974 | 2.33% | 9.59% |
| 1973 | 2.37% | 10.5% |
| 1972 | 2.38% | 11.5% |
| 1971 | 2.42% | 12.9% |
| 1970 | 2.58% | 12.9% |
| 1969 | 2.75% | 12.3% |
| 1968 | 2.82% | 12.7% |
| 1967 | 2.86% | 12.8% |
| 1966 | 2.86% | 12.7% |
| 1965 | 2.81% | 12.7% |
| 1964 | 2.75% | 12.9% |
| 1963 | 2.69% | 12.9% |
| 1962 | 2.76% | 12.5% |
| 1961 | 2.81% | 10.2% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/el-salvador/qatar | CC BY
In 2025, the population of El Salvador grew by 0.43%, while Qatar's population grew by 4%.
Live population counters
|
El Salvador
|
Qatar
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
6404781
|
3058826
|
| Population rank | 111/197 | 137/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.08% | 0.04% |
| One net population change |
19.3 minutes
|
4.61 minutes
|
| One birth every |
5.32 minutes
|
19.3 minutes
|
| One death every |
11.1 minutes
|
2.92 hours
|
| Daily growth/decline | +75 | +313 |
| Annual growth/decline | +27,310 | +114,393 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.43% | +4% |
| Population growth rate rank | 137/197 | 4/197 |
| One migration net change every |
22 minutes
|
14.5 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -23,934 | +36,288 |
| Net migration rank | 155/196 | 26/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 43,342 | 2,337,000 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 155/195 | 31/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.7% | 76.7% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 164/195 | 1/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
El Salvador
|
Qatar
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -23,934 | - | 36,288 |
| 2024 | 51,510 | -23,102 | 24,214 | 46,105 |
| 2023 | 51,985 | -23,253 | 23,845 | 39,995 |
| 2022 | 53,138 | -23,255 | 24,360 | 80,004 |
| 2021 | 46,530 | -27,343 | 21,297 | 24,501 |
| 2020 | 48,244 | -25,213 | 25,128 | -50,433 |
| 2019 | 56,816 | -55,144 | 24,112 | 10,557 |
| 2018 | 57,509 | -54,163 | 23,340 | 12,465 |
| 2017 | 59,824 | -50,608 | 23,244 | 46,719 |
| 2016 | 63,751 | -47,491 | 22,416 | 119,725 |
| 2015 | 69,263 | -51,278 | 22,568 | 177,467 |
| 2014 | 72,581 | -49,126 | 21,699 | 194,712 |
| 2013 | 73,869 | -49,087 | 19,669 | 133,520 |
| 2012 | 75,495 | -50,546 | 17,681 | 77,091 |
| 2011 | 76,182 | -53,433 | 16,543 | 77,228 |
| 2010 | 75,695 | -54,688 | 16,225 | 90,620 |
| 2009 | 74,908 | -55,966 | 15,595 | 123,217 |
| 2008 | 75,107 | -56,086 | 14,062 | 165,572 |
| 2007 | 76,776 | -56,857 | 11,351 | 245,703 |
| 2006 | 80,887 | -85,789 | 10,225 | 204,236 |
| 2005 | 84,883 | -86,501 | 11,392 | 68,993 |
| 2004 | 90,905 | -87,466 | 11,242 | 12,531 |
| 2003 | 97,849 | -89,146 | 11,291 | 22,234 |
| 2002 | 106,137 | -90,908 | 11,062 | 22,356 |
| 2001 | 114,313 | -92,389 | 10,683 | 22,456 |
| 2000 | 122,315 | -94,861 | 9,974 | 22,769 |
| 1999 | 128,947 | -97,475 | 9,431 | 22,815 |
| 1998 | 134,065 | -99,293 | 9,055 | 22,618 |
| 1997 | 134,448 | -96,820 | 8,846 | 19,547 |
| 1996 | 136,929 | -95,977 | 9,049 | 5,517 |
| 1995 | 138,268 | -92,912 | 9,186 | 5,634 |
| 1994 | 137,974 | -87,318 | 9,257 | 5,660 |
| 1993 | 138,432 | -80,736 | 9,250 | 5,670 |
| 1992 | 139,221 | -48,232 | 9,189 | 5,670 |
| 1991 | 140,691 | -50,622 | 9,182 | 5,562 |
| 1990 | 140,311 | -39,689 | 9,388 | 5,216 |
| 1989 | 139,093 | -38,211 | 9,407 | 5,045 |
| 1988 | 136,230 | -30,806 | 9,198 | 5,118 |
| 1987 | 133,667 | -32,308 | 8,806 | 5,405 |
| 1986 | 130,177 | -32,181 | 8,439 | 6,512 |
| 1985 | 127,248 | -29,111 | 8,212 | 9,797 |
| 1984 | 125,036 | -29,767 | 7,997 | 10,113 |
| 1983 | 121,700 | -35,694 | 7,765 | 10,462 |
| 1982 | 120,938 | -37,159 | 7,489 | 10,634 |
| 1981 | 117,346 | -97,365 | 7,202 | 10,644 |
| 1980 | 111,771 | -71,318 | 6,894 | 10,540 |
| 1979 | 123,838 | -44,302 | 6,579 | 10,466 |
| 1978 | 124,468 | -31,463 | 6,246 | 10,434 |
| 1977 | 121,446 | -28,742 | 5,925 | 10,445 |
| 1976 | 120,511 | -31,317 | 5,598 | 10,494 |
| 1975 | 116,737 | -26,198 | 5,289 | 10,549 |
| 1974 | 113,846 | -22,844 | 5,015 | 10,603 |
| 1973 | 111,546 | -19,347 | 4,780 | 10,641 |
| 1972 | 107,604 | -17,317 | 4,581 | 10,663 |
| 1971 | 104,714 | -16,389 | 4,433 | 10,644 |
| 1970 | 100,499 | -11,367 | 4,346 | 10,579 |
| 1969 | 99,848 | -4,355 | 3,941 | 7,790 |
| 1968 | 98,851 | -2,919 | 3,547 | 7,266 |
| 1967 | 98,424 | -3,192 | 3,167 | 6,637 |
| 1966 | 97,156 | -3,945 | 2,811 | 5,880 |
| 1965 | 95,341 | -5,560 | 2,472 | 5,083 |
| 1964 | 93,328 | -7,937 | 2,150 | 4,686 |
| 1963 | 90,794 | -9,774 | 1,854 | 4,283 |
| 1962 | 88,237 | -10,307 | 1,589 | 3,773 |
| 1961 | 84,614 | -4,159 | 1,357 | 3,186 |
| 1960 | 81,544 | -4,885 | 1,220 | 1,586 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/el-salvador/qatar | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 59.5% of the population change in El Salvador is from natural causes (a gain of 558,570 people) and 40.5% is from migration (a loss of 380,850 people). In Qatar 31.6% is from natural causes (a gain of 234,524 people) and 68.4% is from migration (a gain of 507,105 people).
As of 2024, 43,342 residents or 0.7% of the population were not native-born in El Salvador, compared to 2,337,000 people or 76.7% in Qatar.
Biggest cities by population
|
El Salvador
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| San Salvador | 331K |
| Santa Ana | 251K |
| San Miguel | 233K |
| Soyapango | 230K |
| Mejicanos | 137K |
| Apopa | 129K |
| Ahuachapan | 127K |
| Santa Tecla | 126K |
| Sonsonate | 72.2K |
| Usulutan | 66.1K |
|
Qatar
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Doha | 1.19M |
| Al Khor | 31.5K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between El Salvador and Qatar
|
El Salvador
|
Qatar
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 72.7 years | 82.8 years |
| Average age | 32 years | 33.2 years |
| Median age | 28.9 years | 34.5 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 47.5:52.5 | 71.1:28.9 |
| Fertility rate | 1.77 births per woman | 1.72 births per woman |
| Population density | 799 ppl/mi² | 684 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/el-salvador/qatar | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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