The latest officially reported population of Luxembourg was 686,970 in 2025 vs 255,219,554 people in Pakistan in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Luxembourg's population is 697,802 people compared to 261,421,997 in Pakistan.
Population statistics:
- Pakistan's population is 375 times bigger than Luxembourg's.
- Luxembourg is ranked the 164th most populous country in the world, while Pakistan is the 5th.
- The countries together account for 3.15% of the world: 0.008% for Luxembourg vs 3.15% for Pakistan.
- For the last 10 years, Luxembourg has had an average growth rate of +1.94% per year vs +1.6% in Pakistan.
- Since 2006, the population of Luxembourg has increased from 473K people to 698K (47.6% growth), while Pakistan has grown from 180M to 261M (45.5% growth).
Luxembourg vs Pakistan: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Luxembourg
|
Pakistan
|
|
| 2100 | 760,055 | 514,639,086 |
| 2099 | 761,871 | 513,762,873 |
| 2098 | 763,627 | 512,834,641 |
| 2097 | 765,472 | 511,842,588 |
| 2096 | 767,128 | 510,743,323 |
| 2095 | 768,456 | 509,544,194 |
| 2094 | 770,080 | 508,236,117 |
| 2093 | 771,655 | 506,871,405 |
| 2092 | 773,129 | 505,433,117 |
| 2091 | 774,950 | 503,929,591 |
| 2090 | 776,632 | 502,369,089 |
| 2089 | 778,332 | 500,764,988 |
| 2088 | 780,148 | 499,040,109 |
| 2087 | 782,099 | 497,294,229 |
| 2086 | 784,047 | 495,416,407 |
| 2085 | 785,931 | 493,469,269 |
| 2084 | 787,814 | 491,457,322 |
| 2083 | 789,410 | 489,327,293 |
| 2082 | 791,384 | 487,086,584 |
| 2081 | 793,230 | 484,774,651 |
| 2080 | 794,913 | 482,358,125 |
| 2079 | 796,562 | 479,913,540 |
| 2078 | 798,015 | 477,377,443 |
| 2077 | 799,552 | 474,692,907 |
| 2076 | 800,980 | 471,877,807 |
| 2075 | 802,329 | 468,953,317 |
| 2074 | 803,649 | 465,972,364 |
| 2073 | 805,065 | 462,907,667 |
| 2072 | 806,490 | 459,752,452 |
| 2071 | 807,534 | 456,518,761 |
| 2070 | 808,891 | 453,190,545 |
| 2069 | 809,871 | 449,749,441 |
| 2068 | 810,615 | 446,219,879 |
| 2067 | 811,270 | 442,632,987 |
| 2066 | 811,697 | 438,970,919 |
| 2065 | 812,055 | 435,260,675 |
| 2064 | 812,347 | 431,484,424 |
| 2063 | 812,618 | 427,665,121 |
| 2062 | 812,825 | 423,724,764 |
| 2061 | 812,670 | 419,759,602 |
| 2060 | 812,579 | 415,724,868 |
| 2059 | 812,345 | 411,662,239 |
| 2058 | 811,949 | 407,514,159 |
| 2057 | 811,547 | 403,318,028 |
| 2056 | 811,136 | 399,031,614 |
| 2055 | 810,018 | 394,728,055 |
| 2054 | 808,772 | 390,385,410 |
| 2053 | 807,469 | 386,003,289 |
| 2052 | 806,069 | 381,568,312 |
| 2051 | 804,175 | 377,096,921 |
| 2050 | 802,377 | 372,554,619 |
| 2049 | 800,333 | 367,986,189 |
| 2048 | 797,869 | 363,386,382 |
| 2047 | 795,366 | 358,734,325 |
| 2046 | 792,679 | 354,003,639 |
| 2045 | 789,667 | 349,228,953 |
| 2044 | 786,581 | 344,443,561 |
| 2043 | 783,374 | 339,631,894 |
| 2042 | 779,750 | 334,801,403 |
| 2041 | 775,990 | 329,944,530 |
| 2040 | 772,121 | 325,107,264 |
| 2039 | 767,824 | 320,203,920 |
| 2038 | 763,311 | 315,273,196 |
| 2037 | 758,894 | 310,377,446 |
| 2036 | 754,191 | 305,472,156 |
| 2035 | 749,172 | 300,604,245 |
| 2034 | 744,087 | 295,748,602 |
| 2033 | 738,759 | 290,911,874 |
| 2032 | 733,039 | 286,130,352 |
| 2031 | 727,303 | 281,410,647 |
| 2030 | 721,333 | 276,766,735 |
| 2029 | 714,969 | 272,246,760 |
| 2028 | 708,110 | 267,784,548 |
| 2027 | 701,168 | 263,445,027 |
| 2026 | 694,248 | 259,285,315 |
| 2025 | 686,970 | 255,219,554 |
| 2024 | 677,012 | 251,269,164 |
| 2023 | 666,430 | 247,504,495 |
| 2022 | 653,103 | 243,700,667 |
| 2021 | 640,064 | 239,477,801 |
| 2020 | 630,419 | 235,001,746 |
| 2019 | 620,001 | 230,800,899 |
| 2018 | 607,950 | 226,928,892 |
| 2017 | 596,336 | 223,273,967 |
| 2016 | 582,014 | 220,138,869 |
| 2015 | 569,604 | 217,290,883 |
| 2014 | 556,319 | 214,264,647 |
| 2013 | 543,360 | 211,073,978 |
| 2012 | 530,946 | 207,667,125 |
| 2011 | 518,347 | 203,746,065 |
| 2010 | 506,953 | 199,239,047 |
| 2009 | 497,783 | 194,376,534 |
| 2008 | 488,650 | 189,499,113 |
| 2007 | 479,993 | 184,493,231 |
| 2006 | 472,637 | 179,682,690 |
| 2005 | 465,158 | 175,453,212 |
| 2004 | 458,095 | 171,286,000 |
| 2003 | 451,630 | 167,110,248 |
| 2002 | 446,175 | 163,222,549 |
| 2001 | 441,525 | 159,270,907 |
| 2000 | 436,300 | 154,879,127 |
| 1999 | 430,475 | 150,565,377 |
| 1998 | 424,700 | 146,522,356 |
| 1997 | 419,450 | 142,531,804 |
| 1996 | 414,225 | 138,557,092 |
| 1995 | 408,625 | 134,582,253 |
| 1994 | 402,925 | 130,748,083 |
| 1993 | 397,475 | 127,020,117 |
| 1992 | 392,175 | 123,546,848 |
| 1991 | 387,000 | 120,060,406 |
| 1990 | 381,850 | 116,155,576 |
| 1989 | 377,100 | 112,336,629 |
| 1988 | 373,450 | 108,724,739 |
| 1987 | 370,750 | 105,130,717 |
| 1986 | 368,355 | 101,606,764 |
| 1985 | 366,706 | 98,229,285 |
| 1984 | 365,998 | 95,164,936 |
| 1983 | 365,622 | 92,227,711 |
| 1982 | 365,525 | 89,089,246 |
| 1981 | 365,225 | 85,802,049 |
| 1980 | 364,150 | 82,291,010 |
| 1979 | 362,856 | 78,997,039 |
| 1978 | 362,007 | 76,307,379 |
| 1977 | 361,358 | 73,901,827 |
| 1976 | 360,731 | 71,620,254 |
| 1975 | 358,950 | 69,461,175 |
| 1974 | 355,050 | 67,415,487 |
| 1973 | 350,450 | 65,461,912 |
| 1972 | 346,600 | 63,583,194 |
| 1971 | 342,421 | 61,847,899 |
| 1970 | 339,171 | 60,166,719 |
| 1969 | 337,500 | 58,460,939 |
| 1968 | 335,850 | 56,810,507 |
| 1967 | 334,995 | 55,214,768 |
| 1966 | 333,895 | 53,678,667 |
| 1965 | 331,500 | 52,209,010 |
| 1964 | 327,750 | 50,799,999 |
| 1963 | 324,100 | 49,447,776 |
| 1962 | 320,750 | 48,156,128 |
| 1961 | 316,845 | 46,921,277 |
| 1960 | 313,970 | 45,709,310 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/luxembourg/pakistan | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Luxembourg increased by 109,377 people (a 23.1% growth), while Pakistan gained 40,456,179 people (a 22.5% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Luxembourg gained 115,788 people (a 19.9% growth), while Pakistan's population increased by 41,283,128 people (a 18.8% growth).
Luxembourg was ranked 167th most populous country in 2006 and is 164th in 2026. Pakistan was ranked 6th in 2006 and ranked 5th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Luxembourg's population will grow by 15% to 802,377 people and will still be ranked 164th. The population of Pakistan will increase by 42.5% to 372,554,619 people and rank change from 5th to 4th.
Luxembourg is projected to reach its peak in 2062 at 813K people compared to the peak of 515M people in 2100 for Pakistan.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Luxembourg
|
Pakistan
|
|
| 2100 | -0.24% | 0.17% |
| 2099 | -0.23% | 0.18% |
| 2098 | -0.24% | 0.19% |
| 2097 | -0.22% | 0.22% |
| 2096 | -0.17% | 0.24% |
| 2095 | -0.21% | 0.26% |
| 2094 | -0.2% | 0.27% |
| 2093 | -0.19% | 0.28% |
| 2092 | -0.23% | 0.3% |
| 2091 | -0.22% | 0.31% |
| 2090 | -0.22% | 0.32% |
| 2089 | -0.23% | 0.35% |
| 2088 | -0.25% | 0.35% |
| 2087 | -0.25% | 0.38% |
| 2086 | -0.24% | 0.39% |
| 2085 | -0.24% | 0.41% |
| 2084 | -0.2% | 0.44% |
| 2083 | -0.25% | 0.46% |
| 2082 | -0.23% | 0.48% |
| 2081 | -0.21% | 0.5% |
| 2080 | -0.21% | 0.51% |
| 2079 | -0.18% | 0.53% |
| 2078 | -0.19% | 0.57% |
| 2077 | -0.18% | 0.6% |
| 2076 | -0.17% | 0.62% |
| 2075 | -0.16% | 0.64% |
| 2074 | -0.18% | 0.66% |
| 2073 | -0.18% | 0.69% |
| 2072 | -0.13% | 0.71% |
| 2071 | -0.17% | 0.73% |
| 2070 | -0.12% | 0.77% |
| 2069 | -0.09% | 0.79% |
| 2068 | -0.08% | 0.81% |
| 2067 | -0.05% | 0.83% |
| 2066 | -0.04% | 0.85% |
| 2065 | -0.04% | 0.88% |
| 2064 | -0.03% | 0.89% |
| 2063 | -0.03% | 0.93% |
| 2062 | 0.02% | 0.94% |
| 2061 | 0.01% | 0.97% |
| 2060 | 0.03% | 0.99% |
| 2059 | 0.05% | 1.02% |
| 2058 | 0.05% | 1.04% |
| 2057 | 0.05% | 1.07% |
| 2056 | 0.14% | 1.09% |
| 2055 | 0.15% | 1.11% |
| 2054 | 0.16% | 1.14% |
| 2053 | 0.17% | 1.16% |
| 2052 | 0.24% | 1.19% |
| 2051 | 0.22% | 1.22% |
| 2050 | 0.26% | 1.24% |
| 2049 | 0.31% | 1.27% |
| 2048 | 0.31% | 1.3% |
| 2047 | 0.34% | 1.34% |
| 2046 | 0.38% | 1.37% |
| 2045 | 0.39% | 1.39% |
| 2044 | 0.41% | 1.42% |
| 2043 | 0.46% | 1.44% |
| 2042 | 0.48% | 1.47% |
| 2041 | 0.5% | 1.49% |
| 2040 | 0.56% | 1.53% |
| 2039 | 0.59% | 1.56% |
| 2038 | 0.58% | 1.58% |
| 2037 | 0.62% | 1.61% |
| 2036 | 0.67% | 1.62% |
| 2035 | 0.68% | 1.64% |
| 2034 | 0.72% | 1.66% |
| 2033 | 0.78% | 1.67% |
| 2032 | 0.79% | 1.68% |
| 2031 | 0.83% | 1.68% |
| 2030 | 0.89% | 1.66% |
| 2029 | 0.97% | 1.67% |
| 2028 | 0.99% | 1.65% |
| 2027 | 1% | 1.6% |
| 2026 | 1.06% | 1.59% |
| 2025 | 1.47% | 1.57% |
| 2024 | 1.59% | 1.52% |
| 2023 | 2.04% | 1.56% |
| 2022 | 2.04% | 1.76% |
| 2021 | 1.53% | 1.9% |
| 2020 | 1.68% | 1.82% |
| 2019 | 1.98% | 1.71% |
| 2018 | 1.95% | 1.64% |
| 2017 | 2.46% | 1.42% |
| 2016 | 2.18% | 1.31% |
| 2015 | 2.39% | 1.41% |
| 2014 | 2.38% | 1.51% |
| 2013 | 2.34% | 1.64% |
| 2012 | 2.43% | 1.92% |
| 2011 | 2.25% | 2.26% |
| 2010 | 1.84% | 2.5% |
| 2009 | 1.87% | 2.57% |
| 2008 | 1.8% | 2.71% |
| 2007 | 1.56% | 2.68% |
| 2006 | 1.61% | 2.41% |
| 2005 | 1.54% | 2.43% |
| 2004 | 1.43% | 2.5% |
| 2003 | 1.22% | 2.38% |
| 2002 | 1.05% | 2.48% |
| 2001 | 1.2% | 2.84% |
| 2000 | 1.35% | 2.87% |
| 1999 | 1.36% | 2.76% |
| 1998 | 1.25% | 2.8% |
| 1997 | 1.26% | 2.87% |
| 1996 | 1.37% | 2.95% |
| 1995 | 1.41% | 2.93% |
| 1994 | 1.37% | 2.93% |
| 1993 | 1.35% | 2.81% |
| 1992 | 1.34% | 2.9% |
| 1991 | 1.35% | 3.36% |
| 1990 | 1.26% | 3.4% |
| 1989 | 0.98% | 3.32% |
| 1988 | 0.73% | 3.42% |
| 1987 | 0.65% | 3.47% |
| 1986 | 0.45% | 3.44% |
| 1985 | 0.19% | 3.22% |
| 1984 | 0.1% | 3.18% |
| 1983 | 0.03% | 3.52% |
| 1982 | 0.08% | 3.83% |
| 1981 | 0.3% | 4.27% |
| 1980 | 0.36% | 4.17% |
| 1979 | 0.23% | 3.52% |
| 1978 | 0.18% | 3.26% |
| 1977 | 0.17% | 3.19% |
| 1976 | 0.5% | 3.11% |
| 1975 | 1.1% | 3.03% |
| 1974 | 1.31% | 2.98% |
| 1973 | 1.11% | 2.95% |
| 1972 | 1.22% | 2.81% |
| 1971 | 0.96% | 2.79% |
| 1970 | 0.5% | 2.92% |
| 1969 | 0.49% | 2.91% |
| 1968 | 0.26% | 2.89% |
| 1967 | 0.33% | 2.86% |
| 1966 | 0.72% | 2.81% |
| 1965 | 1.14% | 2.77% |
| 1964 | 1.13% | 2.73% |
| 1963 | 1.04% | 2.68% |
| 1962 | 1.23% | 2.63% |
| 1961 | 0.92% | 2.65% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/luxembourg/pakistan | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Luxembourg grew by 1.47%, while Pakistan's population grew by 1.57%.
Live population counters
|
Luxembourg
|
Pakistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
697802
|
261421997
|
| Population rank | 164/197 | 5/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.008% | 3.15% |
| One net population change |
52.9 minutes
|
8.01 seconds
|
| One birth every |
1.36 hours
|
4.58 seconds
|
| One death every |
1.96 hours
|
19.5 seconds
|
| Daily growth/decline | +27 | +10,823 |
| Annual growth/decline | +9,958 | +3,950,390 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +1.47% | +1.57% |
| Population growth rate rank | 71/197 | 66/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.68 hours
|
25.6 seconds
|
| Annual migration change | +5,237 | -1,235,336 |
| Net migration rank | 51/196 | 196/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 344,309 | 4,175,958 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 94/195 | 16/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 51.2% | 1.7% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 8/195 | 141/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Luxembourg
|
Pakistan
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 5,237 | - | -1,235,336 |
| 2024 | 1,963 | 5,677 | 5,268,361 | -1,401,173 |
| 2023 | 1,933 | 5,905 | 5,281,745 | -1,619,557 |
| 2022 | 2,024 | 13,194 | 5,268,077 | -1,322,625 |
| 2021 | 2,240 | 8,724 | 5,065,913 | -565,673 |
| 2020 | 1,828 | 6,967 | 5,011,177 | -559,291 |
| 2019 | 1,922 | 10,503 | 5,127,011 | -1,177,220 |
| 2018 | 1,945 | 10,145 | 5,103,858 | -1,309,611 |
| 2017 | 1,968 | 9,643 | 5,090,200 | -1,574,585 |
| 2016 | 2,095 | 12,760 | 5,044,922 | -2,290,411 |
| 2015 | 2,107 | 11,377 | 5,113,507 | -2,172,162 |
| 2014 | 2,225 | 11,217 | 5,148,994 | -2,037,920 |
| 2013 | 2,336 | 10,535 | 5,176,590 | -1,906,319 |
| 2012 | 2,124 | 10,273 | 5,191,263 | -1,647,989 |
| 2011 | 1,814 | 10,918 | 5,189,412 | -890,633 |
| 2010 | 2,129 | 7,909 | 5,147,142 | -431,902 |
| 2009 | 1,991 | 6,855 | 5,028,132 | -18,298 |
| 2008 | 2,003 | 7,969 | 4,885,855 | -140,746 |
| 2007 | 1,584 | 6,244 | 4,690,187 | 576,349 |
| 2006 | 1,748 | 5,557 | 4,538,426 | -183,933 |
| 2005 | 1,721 | 6,310 | 4,294,393 | -189,899 |
| 2004 | 1,878 | 4,566 | 4,294,654 | -64,669 |
| 2003 | 1,220 | 5,581 | 4,340,688 | -219,118 |
| 2002 | 1,607 | 2,759 | 4,307,607 | -653,758 |
| 2001 | 1,766 | 3,427 | 4,304,297 | -54,727 |
| 2000 | 1,963 | 4,516 | 4,281,169 | 252,869 |
| 1999 | 1,808 | 4,666 | 4,228,026 | -134,510 |
| 1998 | 1,486 | 3,874 | 4,104,824 | -112,191 |
| 1997 | 1,552 | 3,711 | 4,043,912 | -55,539 |
| 1996 | 1,781 | 3,603 | 4,021,758 | -60,855 |
| 1995 | 1,634 | 4,385 | 3,977,175 | 11,534 |
| 1994 | 1,652 | 3,900 | 3,956,699 | -277,100 |
| 1993 | 1,470 | 4,055 | 3,915,776 | -139,493 |
| 1992 | 1,098 | 4,101 | 3,888,637 | -718,387 |
| 1991 | 1,239 | 4,067 | 3,822,363 | -19,668 |
| 1990 | 1,145 | 3,992 | 3,731,730 | 275,242 |
| 1989 | 679 | 2,999 | 3,648,132 | -17,164 |
| 1988 | 747 | 2,909 | 3,554,755 | 38,139 |
| 1987 | 222 | 2,200 | 3,448,813 | 146,364 |
| 1986 | 331 | 2,121 | 3,341,643 | 111,045 |
| 1985 | 74 | 1,067 | 3,233,315 | 68,860 |
| 1984 | 146 | 346 | 3,145,772 | -319,242 |
| 1983 | 37 | 376 | 3,052,738 | -4,753 |
| 1982 | 183 | 334 | 2,934,689 | 294,252 |
| 1981 | 329 | 443 | 2,790,454 | 555,032 |
| 1980 | 37 | 840 | 2,598,421 | 1,078,229 |
| 1979 | 72 | 670 | 2,461,311 | 450,003 |
| 1978 | -145 | 3,155 | 2,356,601 | 111,386 |
| 1977 | -36 | 2,830 | 2,257,849 | 85,250 |
| 1976 | -578 | 2,802 | 2,171,812 | 48,238 |
| 1975 | -395 | 2,794 | 2,099,811 | -1,710 |
| 1974 | -390 | 2,728 | 2,028,061 | -34,785 |
| 1973 | -421 | 2,673 | 1,971,909 | -58,012 |
| 1972 | -35 | 4,143 | 1,912,774 | -69,209 |
| 1971 | 69 | 4,274 | 1,695,374 | -68,357 |
| 1970 | 272 | 853 | 1,793,570 | -58,281 |
| 1969 | 303 | 833 | 1,733,601 | -57,406 |
| 1968 | 604 | 850 | 1,683,296 | -58,721 |
| 1967 | 837 | 752 | 1,626,737 | -59,932 |
| 1966 | 1,168 | 2,222 | 1,566,343 | -61,025 |
| 1965 | 1,260 | 2,203 | 1,496,050 | -62,070 |
| 1964 | 1,377 | 2,178 | 1,447,394 | -63,298 |
| 1963 | 1,199 | 2,080 | 1,384,934 | -64,552 |
| 1962 | 1,091 | 2,014 | 1,328,675 | -65,780 |
| 1961 | 1,489 | 1,969 | 1,273,772 | -66,991 |
| 1960 | 1,319 | 61 | 1,217,147 | 0 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/luxembourg/pakistan | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 17.4% of the population change in Luxembourg is from natural causes (a gain of 20,025 people) and 82.6% is from migration (a gain of 94,895 people). In Pakistan 78.6% is from natural causes (a gain of 51,374,771 people) and 21.4% is from migration (a loss of 13,992,308 people).
As of 2024, 344,309 residents or 51.2% of the population were not native-born in Luxembourg, compared to 4,175,958 people or 1.7% in Pakistan.
Biggest cities by population
|
Luxembourg
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Luxembourg | 138K |
| Esch-sur-Alzette | 37.5K |
| Differdange | 30.4K |
| Dudelange | 22K |
| Petange | 20.9K |
|
Pakistan
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Karachi | 14.9M |
| Lahore | 11.1M |
| Faisalabad | 3.2M |
| Rawalpindi | 2.1M |
| Gujranwala | 2.03M |
| Peshawar | 1.97M |
| Multan | 1.87M |
| Hyderabad | 1.73M |
| Islamabad | 1.01M |
| Quetta | 1M |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Luxembourg and Pakistan
|
Luxembourg
|
Pakistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 82.6 years | 68.1 years |
| Average age | 40.7 years | 25.8 years |
| Median age | 40.5 years | 21.6 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.4:49.6 | 50.7:49.3 |
| Fertility rate | 1.25 births per woman | 3.55 births per woman |
| Population density | 698 ppl/mi² | 871 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/luxembourg/pakistan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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