The latest officially reported population of Malta was 568,847 in 2024 vs 251,269,164 people in Pakistan in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Malta's population is 581,729 people compared to 260,356,147 in Pakistan.
Population statistics:
- Pakistan's population is 448 times bigger than Malta's.
- Malta is ranked the 167th most populous country in the world, while Pakistan is the 5th.
- The countries together account for 3.15% of the world: 0.007% for Malta vs 3.14% for Pakistan.
- For the last 10 years, Malta has had an average growth rate of +2.69% per year vs +1.6% in Pakistan.
- Since 2006, the population of Malta has increased from 405K people to 582K (43.5% growth), while Pakistan has grown from 180M to 260M (44.9% growth).
Malta vs Pakistan: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Malta
|
Pakistan
|
|
| 2100 | 383,244 | 514,531,704 |
| 2099 | 386,421 | 513,655,674 |
| 2098 | 389,613 | 512,727,636 |
| 2097 | 392,917 | 511,735,790 |
| 2096 | 396,295 | 510,636,755 |
| 2095 | 399,956 | 509,437,875 |
| 2094 | 403,710 | 508,130,071 |
| 2093 | 407,487 | 506,765,644 |
| 2092 | 411,340 | 505,327,656 |
| 2091 | 415,407 | 503,824,444 |
| 2090 | 419,592 | 502,264,268 |
| 2089 | 423,826 | 500,660,501 |
| 2088 | 428,052 | 498,935,983 |
| 2087 | 432,556 | 497,190,466 |
| 2086 | 437,240 | 495,313,036 |
| 2085 | 441,882 | 493,366,305 |
| 2084 | 446,649 | 491,354,778 |
| 2083 | 451,551 | 489,225,193 |
| 2082 | 456,344 | 486,984,952 |
| 2081 | 461,335 | 484,673,501 |
| 2080 | 466,229 | 482,257,479 |
| 2079 | 471,100 | 479,813,404 |
| 2078 | 475,924 | 477,277,836 |
| 2077 | 480,771 | 474,593,860 |
| 2076 | 485,655 | 471,779,348 |
| 2075 | 490,208 | 468,855,468 |
| 2074 | 494,656 | 465,875,137 |
| 2073 | 499,046 | 462,811,079 |
| 2072 | 503,370 | 459,656,523 |
| 2071 | 507,604 | 456,423,506 |
| 2070 | 511,683 | 453,095,985 |
| 2069 | 515,748 | 449,655,599 |
| 2068 | 519,737 | 446,126,774 |
| 2067 | 523,520 | 442,540,629 |
| 2066 | 527,140 | 438,879,326 |
| 2065 | 530,620 | 435,169,856 |
| 2064 | 533,923 | 431,394,393 |
| 2063 | 537,029 | 427,575,887 |
| 2062 | 540,145 | 423,636,352 |
| 2061 | 543,018 | 419,672,017 |
| 2060 | 545,828 | 415,638,125 |
| 2059 | 548,562 | 411,576,344 |
| 2058 | 551,048 | 407,429,129 |
| 2057 | 553,389 | 403,233,874 |
| 2056 | 555,804 | 398,948,355 |
| 2055 | 558,190 | 394,645,693 |
| 2054 | 560,309 | 390,303,954 |
| 2053 | 562,511 | 385,922,748 |
| 2052 | 564,772 | 381,488,696 |
| 2051 | 567,078 | 377,018,239 |
| 2050 | 569,189 | 372,476,884 |
| 2049 | 571,016 | 367,909,407 |
| 2048 | 572,923 | 363,310,560 |
| 2047 | 574,977 | 358,659,474 |
| 2046 | 576,728 | 353,929,775 |
| 2045 | 578,442 | 349,156,085 |
| 2044 | 580,046 | 344,371,692 |
| 2043 | 581,639 | 339,561,029 |
| 2042 | 583,042 | 334,731,546 |
| 2041 | 584,485 | 329,875,686 |
| 2040 | 585,747 | 325,039,429 |
| 2039 | 587,035 | 320,137,108 |
| 2038 | 588,223 | 315,207,413 |
| 2037 | 589,140 | 310,312,684 |
| 2036 | 589,886 | 305,408,418 |
| 2035 | 590,469 | 300,541,523 |
| 2034 | 590,868 | 295,686,893 |
| 2033 | 590,759 | 290,851,174 |
| 2032 | 590,166 | 286,070,650 |
| 2031 | 589,366 | 281,351,929 |
| 2030 | 588,281 | 276,708,987 |
| 2029 | 586,978 | 272,189,955 |
| 2028 | 585,310 | 267,728,673 |
| 2027 | 583,310 | 263,390,059 |
| 2026 | 581,144 | 259,231,214 |
| 2025 | 575,661 | 255,166,301 |
| 2024 | 568,847 | 251,269,164 |
| 2023 | 552,747 | 247,504,495 |
| 2022 | 531,113 | 243,700,667 |
| 2021 | 518,150 | 239,477,801 |
| 2020 | 515,490 | 235,001,746 |
| 2019 | 503,912 | 230,800,899 |
| 2018 | 483,903 | 226,928,892 |
| 2017 | 467,106 | 223,273,967 |
| 2016 | 454,505 | 220,138,869 |
| 2015 | 444,220 | 217,290,883 |
| 2014 | 433,481 | 214,264,647 |
| 2013 | 424,810 | 211,073,978 |
| 2012 | 420,028 | 207,667,125 |
| 2011 | 416,268 | 203,746,065 |
| 2010 | 414,508 | 199,239,047 |
| 2009 | 412,477 | 194,376,534 |
| 2008 | 409,379 | 189,499,113 |
| 2007 | 406,724 | 184,493,231 |
| 2006 | 405,308 | 179,682,690 |
| 2005 | 403,834 | 175,453,212 |
| 2004 | 401,268 | 171,286,000 |
| 2003 | 398,582 | 167,110,248 |
| 2002 | 395,969 | 163,222,549 |
| 2001 | 393,028 | 159,270,907 |
| 2000 | 390,087 | 154,879,127 |
| 1999 | 387,578 | 150,565,377 |
| 1998 | 385,287 | 146,522,356 |
| 1997 | 382,791 | 142,531,804 |
| 1996 | 379,905 | 138,557,092 |
| 1995 | 377,419 | 134,582,253 |
| 1994 | 374,797 | 130,748,083 |
| 1993 | 371,308 | 127,020,117 |
| 1992 | 367,618 | 123,546,848 |
| 1991 | 363,845 | 120,060,406 |
| 1990 | 354,170 | 116,155,576 |
| 1989 | 350,722 | 112,336,629 |
| 1988 | 347,325 | 108,724,739 |
| 1987 | 344,485 | 105,130,717 |
| 1986 | 342,121 | 101,606,764 |
| 1985 | 336,452 | 98,229,285 |
| 1984 | 330,593 | 95,164,936 |
| 1983 | 330,524 | 92,227,711 |
| 1982 | 325,898 | 89,089,246 |
| 1981 | 318,982 | 85,802,049 |
| 1980 | 316,645 | 82,291,010 |
| 1979 | 313,342 | 78,997,039 |
| 1978 | 310,182 | 76,307,379 |
| 1977 | 306,970 | 73,901,827 |
| 1976 | 305,774 | 71,620,254 |
| 1975 | 304,222 | 69,461,175 |
| 1974 | 301,996 | 67,415,487 |
| 1973 | 302,200 | 65,461,912 |
| 1972 | 302,450 | 63,583,194 |
| 1971 | 302,700 | 61,847,899 |
| 1970 | 302,650 | 60,166,719 |
| 1969 | 304,300 | 58,460,939 |
| 1968 | 307,900 | 56,810,507 |
| 1967 | 311,550 | 55,214,768 |
| 1966 | 315,200 | 53,678,667 |
| 1965 | 318,800 | 52,209,010 |
| 1964 | 321,250 | 50,799,999 |
| 1963 | 322,550 | 49,447,776 |
| 1962 | 323,900 | 48,156,128 |
| 1961 | 325,250 | 46,921,277 |
| 1960 | 326,550 | 45,709,310 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/malta/pakistan | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Malta increased by 49,197 people (a 12.1% growth), while Pakistan gained 40,456,179 people (a 22.5% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Malta gained 127,224 people (a 28% growth), while Pakistan's population increased by 40,217,278 people (a 18.3% growth).
Malta was ranked 168th most populous country in 2006 and is 167th in 2026. Pakistan was ranked 6th in 2006 and ranked 5th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Malta's population will shrink by 2.16% to 569,189 people and will still be ranked 167th. The population of Pakistan will increase by 43.1% to 372,476,884 people and rank change from 5th to 4th.
Malta is projected to reach its peak in 2034 at 591K people compared to the peak of 515M people in 2100 for Pakistan.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Malta
|
Pakistan
|
|
| 2100 | -0.82% | 0.17% |
| 2099 | -0.82% | 0.18% |
| 2098 | -0.84% | 0.19% |
| 2097 | -0.85% | 0.22% |
| 2096 | -0.92% | 0.24% |
| 2095 | -0.93% | 0.26% |
| 2094 | -0.93% | 0.27% |
| 2093 | -0.94% | 0.28% |
| 2092 | -0.98% | 0.3% |
| 2091 | -1% | 0.31% |
| 2090 | -1% | 0.32% |
| 2089 | -0.99% | 0.35% |
| 2088 | -1.04% | 0.35% |
| 2087 | -1.07% | 0.38% |
| 2086 | -1.05% | 0.39% |
| 2085 | -1.07% | 0.41% |
| 2084 | -1.09% | 0.44% |
| 2083 | -1.05% | 0.46% |
| 2082 | -1.08% | 0.48% |
| 2081 | -1.05% | 0.5% |
| 2080 | -1.03% | 0.51% |
| 2079 | -1.01% | 0.53% |
| 2078 | -1.01% | 0.57% |
| 2077 | -1.01% | 0.6% |
| 2076 | -0.93% | 0.62% |
| 2075 | -0.9% | 0.64% |
| 2074 | -0.88% | 0.66% |
| 2073 | -0.86% | 0.69% |
| 2072 | -0.83% | 0.71% |
| 2071 | -0.8% | 0.73% |
| 2070 | -0.79% | 0.77% |
| 2069 | -0.77% | 0.79% |
| 2068 | -0.72% | 0.81% |
| 2067 | -0.69% | 0.83% |
| 2066 | -0.66% | 0.85% |
| 2065 | -0.62% | 0.88% |
| 2064 | -0.58% | 0.89% |
| 2063 | -0.58% | 0.93% |
| 2062 | -0.53% | 0.94% |
| 2061 | -0.51% | 0.97% |
| 2060 | -0.5% | 0.99% |
| 2059 | -0.45% | 1.02% |
| 2058 | -0.42% | 1.04% |
| 2057 | -0.43% | 1.07% |
| 2056 | -0.43% | 1.09% |
| 2055 | -0.38% | 1.11% |
| 2054 | -0.39% | 1.14% |
| 2053 | -0.4% | 1.16% |
| 2052 | -0.41% | 1.19% |
| 2051 | -0.37% | 1.22% |
| 2050 | -0.32% | 1.24% |
| 2049 | -0.33% | 1.27% |
| 2048 | -0.36% | 1.3% |
| 2047 | -0.3% | 1.34% |
| 2046 | -0.3% | 1.37% |
| 2045 | -0.28% | 1.39% |
| 2044 | -0.27% | 1.42% |
| 2043 | -0.24% | 1.44% |
| 2042 | -0.25% | 1.47% |
| 2041 | -0.22% | 1.49% |
| 2040 | -0.22% | 1.53% |
| 2039 | -0.2% | 1.56% |
| 2038 | -0.16% | 1.58% |
| 2037 | -0.13% | 1.61% |
| 2036 | -0.1% | 1.62% |
| 2035 | -0.07% | 1.64% |
| 2034 | 0.02% | 1.66% |
| 2033 | 0.1% | 1.67% |
| 2032 | 0.14% | 1.68% |
| 2031 | 0.18% | 1.68% |
| 2030 | 0.22% | 1.66% |
| 2029 | 0.29% | 1.67% |
| 2028 | 0.34% | 1.65% |
| 2027 | 0.37% | 1.6% |
| 2026 | 0.95% | 1.59% |
| 2025 | 1.2% | 1.55% |
| 2024 | 2.91% | 1.52% |
| 2023 | 4.07% | 1.56% |
| 2022 | 2.5% | 1.76% |
| 2021 | 0.52% | 1.9% |
| 2020 | 2.3% | 1.82% |
| 2019 | 4.13% | 1.71% |
| 2018 | 3.6% | 1.64% |
| 2017 | 2.77% | 1.42% |
| 2016 | 2.32% | 1.31% |
| 2015 | 2.48% | 1.41% |
| 2014 | 2.04% | 1.51% |
| 2013 | 1.14% | 1.64% |
| 2012 | 0.9% | 1.92% |
| 2011 | 0.42% | 2.26% |
| 2010 | 0.49% | 2.5% |
| 2009 | 0.76% | 2.57% |
| 2008 | 0.65% | 2.71% |
| 2007 | 0.35% | 2.68% |
| 2006 | 0.37% | 2.41% |
| 2005 | 0.64% | 2.43% |
| 2004 | 0.67% | 2.5% |
| 2003 | 0.66% | 2.38% |
| 2002 | 0.75% | 2.48% |
| 2001 | 0.75% | 2.84% |
| 2000 | 0.65% | 2.87% |
| 1999 | 0.59% | 2.76% |
| 1998 | 0.65% | 2.8% |
| 1997 | 0.76% | 2.87% |
| 1996 | 0.66% | 2.95% |
| 1995 | 0.7% | 2.93% |
| 1994 | 0.94% | 2.93% |
| 1993 | 1% | 2.81% |
| 1992 | 1.04% | 2.9% |
| 1991 | 2.73% | 3.36% |
| 1990 | 0.98% | 3.4% |
| 1989 | 0.98% | 3.32% |
| 1988 | 0.82% | 3.42% |
| 1987 | 0.69% | 3.47% |
| 1986 | 1.68% | 3.44% |
| 1985 | 1.77% | 3.22% |
| 1984 | 0.02% | 3.18% |
| 1983 | 1.42% | 3.52% |
| 1982 | 2.17% | 3.83% |
| 1981 | 0.74% | 4.27% |
| 1980 | 1.05% | 4.17% |
| 1979 | 1.02% | 3.52% |
| 1978 | 1.05% | 3.26% |
| 1977 | 0.39% | 3.19% |
| 1976 | 0.51% | 3.11% |
| 1975 | 0.74% | 3.03% |
| 1974 | -0.07% | 2.98% |
| 1973 | -0.08% | 2.95% |
| 1972 | -0.08% | 2.81% |
| 1971 | 0.02% | 2.79% |
| 1970 | -0.54% | 2.92% |
| 1969 | -1.17% | 2.91% |
| 1968 | -1.17% | 2.89% |
| 1967 | -1.16% | 2.86% |
| 1966 | -1.13% | 2.81% |
| 1965 | -0.76% | 2.77% |
| 1964 | -0.4% | 2.73% |
| 1963 | -0.42% | 2.68% |
| 1962 | -0.42% | 2.63% |
| 1961 | -0.4% | 2.65% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/malta/pakistan | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Malta grew by 2.91%, while Pakistan's population grew by 1.52%.
Live population counters
|
Malta
|
Pakistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
581729
|
260356147
|
| Population rank | 167/197 | 5/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.007% | 3.14% |
| One net population change |
32.6 minutes
|
8.38 seconds
|
| One birth every |
1.96 hours
|
4.58 seconds
|
| One death every |
2.17 hours
|
19.7 seconds
|
| Daily growth/decline | +44 | +10,314 |
| Annual growth/decline | +16,100 | +3,764,669 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.91% | +1.52% |
| Population growth rate rank | 19/197 | 70/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.7 hours
|
25.6 seconds
|
| Annual migration change | +5,161 | -1,235,336 |
| Net migration rank | 52/196 | 196/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 199,466 | 4,175,958 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 112/195 | 16/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 37% | 1.7% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 15/195 | 141/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Malta
|
Pakistan
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 5,161 | - | -1,235,336 |
| 2024 | - | 6,323 | - | -1,401,173 |
| 2023 | 442 | 6,591 | 5,281,745 | -1,619,557 |
| 2022 | 54 | 2,480 | 5,268,077 | -1,322,625 |
| 2021 | 259 | 4,638 | 5,065,913 | -565,673 |
| 2020 | 361 | 6,904 | 5,011,177 | -559,291 |
| 2019 | 655 | 20,302 | 5,127,011 | -1,177,220 |
| 2018 | 774 | 16,961 | 5,103,858 | -1,309,611 |
| 2017 | 747 | 14,372 | 5,090,200 | -1,574,585 |
| 2016 | 1,091 | 8,624 | 5,044,922 | -2,290,411 |
| 2015 | 888 | 9,588 | 5,113,507 | -2,172,162 |
| 2014 | 910 | 9,192 | 5,148,994 | -2,037,920 |
| 2013 | 807 | 861 | 5,176,590 | -1,906,319 |
| 2012 | 714 | 911 | 5,191,263 | -1,647,989 |
| 2011 | 916 | 999 | 5,189,412 | -890,633 |
| 2010 | 871 | 741 | 5,147,142 | -431,902 |
| 2009 | 825 | 836 | 5,028,132 | -18,298 |
| 2008 | 777 | 869 | 4,885,855 | -140,746 |
| 2007 | 691 | 926 | 4,690,187 | 576,349 |
| 2006 | 568 | 997 | 4,538,426 | -183,933 |
| 2005 | 727 | 1,626 | 4,294,393 | -189,899 |
| 2004 | 883 | 1,662 | 4,294,654 | -64,669 |
| 2003 | 917 | 1,626 | 4,340,688 | -219,118 |
| 2002 | 911 | 1,821 | 4,307,607 | -653,758 |
| 2001 | 1,061 | 1,678 | 4,304,297 | -54,727 |
| 2000 | 1,482 | 1,591 | 4,281,169 | 252,869 |
| 1999 | 1,357 | 1,463 | 4,228,026 | -134,510 |
| 1998 | 1,656 | 1,260 | 4,104,824 | -112,191 |
| 1997 | 1,991 | 1,003 | 4,043,912 | -55,539 |
| 1996 | 2,279 | 1,142 | 4,021,758 | -60,855 |
| 1995 | 1,887 | 1,306 | 3,977,175 | 11,534 |
| 1994 | 2,136 | 1,136 | 3,956,699 | -277,100 |
| 1993 | 2,451 | 1,006 | 3,915,776 | -139,493 |
| 1992 | 2,573 | 737 | 3,888,637 | -718,387 |
| 1991 | 2,438 | 763 | 3,822,363 | -19,668 |
| 1990 | 2,621 | 568 | 3,731,730 | 275,242 |
| 1989 | 2,981 | 248 | 3,648,132 | -17,164 |
| 1988 | 2,813 | 164 | 3,554,755 | 38,139 |
| 1987 | 2,412 | 295 | 3,448,813 | 146,364 |
| 1986 | 2,395 | 464 | 3,341,643 | 111,045 |
| 1985 | 2,590 | -428 | 3,233,315 | 68,860 |
| 1984 | 2,678 | -558 | 3,145,772 | -319,242 |
| 1983 | 2,512 | -740 | 3,052,738 | -4,753 |
| 1982 | 2,835 | -1,059 | 2,934,689 | 294,252 |
| 1981 | 2,233 | -548 | 2,790,454 | 555,032 |
| 1980 | 2,375 | -886 | 2,598,421 | 1,078,229 |
| 1979 | 2,852 | -1,311 | 2,461,311 | 450,003 |
| 1978 | 2,389 | -1,302 | 2,356,601 | 111,386 |
| 1977 | 2,916 | -1,598 | 2,257,849 | 85,250 |
| 1976 | 2,721 | -1,641 | 2,171,812 | 48,238 |
| 1975 | 2,829 | -1,742 | 2,099,811 | -1,710 |
| 1974 | 2,687 | -1,597 | 2,028,061 | -34,785 |
| 1973 | 2,327 | -1,549 | 1,971,909 | -58,012 |
| 1972 | 2,480 | -1,316 | 1,912,774 | -69,209 |
| 1971 | 2,482 | -1,327 | 1,695,374 | -68,357 |
| 1970 | 2,270 | -1,123 | 1,793,570 | -58,281 |
| 1969 | 2,069 | -827 | 1,733,601 | -57,406 |
| 1968 | 2,247 | -753 | 1,683,296 | -58,721 |
| 1967 | 2,306 | -4,073 | 1,626,737 | -59,932 |
| 1966 | 2,458 | -4,318 | 1,566,343 | -61,025 |
| 1965 | 2,646 | -4,329 | 1,496,050 | -62,070 |
| 1964 | 3,630 | -4,768 | 1,447,394 | -63,298 |
| 1963 | 3,709 | -4,773 | 1,384,934 | -64,552 |
| 1962 | 4,664 | -5,360 | 1,328,675 | -65,780 |
| 1961 | 4,748 | -5,099 | 1,273,772 | -66,991 |
| 1960 | 5,747 | -5,540 | 1,217,147 | 0 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/malta/pakistan | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 5.84% of the population change in Malta is from natural causes (a gain of 6,181 people) and 94.2% is from migration (a gain of 99,652 people). In Pakistan 77.8% is from natural causes (a gain of 51,255,404 people) and 22.2% is from migration (a loss of 14,629,055 people).
As of 2024, 199,466 residents or 37% of the population were not native-born in Malta, compared to 4,175,958 people or 1.7% in Pakistan.
Biggest cities by population
|
Malta
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| St. Paul's Bay | 40.2K |
| Mosta | 25.5K |
| Birkirkara | 24.4K |
| Naxxar | 18.1K |
| Zabbar | 18K |
| Sliema | 16.9K |
| San Gwann | 16.1K |
| Marsaskala | 15.6K |
| Gzira | 8.03K |
| Valletta | 6.44K |
|
Pakistan
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Karachi | 14.9M |
| Lahore | 11.1M |
| Faisalabad | 3.2M |
| Rawalpindi | 2.1M |
| Gujranwala | 2.03M |
| Peshawar | 1.97M |
| Multan | 1.87M |
| Hyderabad | 1.73M |
| Islamabad | 1.01M |
| Quetta | 1M |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Malta and Pakistan
|
Malta
|
Pakistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 83.8 years | 68.1 years |
| Average age | 43 years | 25.6 years |
| Median age | 41.8 years | 21.5 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 51.9:48.1 | 50.7:49.3 |
| Fertility rate | 1.06 births per woman | 3.61 births per woman |
| Population density | 4,704 ppl/mi² | 871 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/malta/pakistan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.