The latest officially reported population of Niger was 27,917,831 in 2025 vs 255,219,554 people in Pakistan in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Niger's population is 29,294,628 people compared to 261,421,997 in Pakistan.
Population statistics:
- Pakistan's population is 8.92 times bigger than Niger's.
- Niger is ranked the 53rd most populous country in the world, while Pakistan is the 5th.
- The countries together account for 3.5% of the world: 0.35% for Niger vs 3.15% for Pakistan.
- For the last 10 years, Niger has had an average growth rate of +3.45% per year vs +1.6% in Pakistan.
- Since 2006, the population of Niger has increased from 14.3M people to 29.3M (105.3% growth), while Pakistan has grown from 180M to 261M (45.5% growth).
Niger vs Pakistan: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Niger
|
Pakistan
|
|
| 2100 | 92,119,820 | 514,639,086 |
| 2099 | 91,758,864 | 513,762,873 |
| 2098 | 91,380,105 | 512,834,641 |
| 2097 | 90,979,507 | 511,842,588 |
| 2096 | 90,560,194 | 510,743,323 |
| 2095 | 90,121,433 | 509,544,194 |
| 2094 | 89,665,016 | 508,236,117 |
| 2093 | 89,186,290 | 506,871,405 |
| 2092 | 88,687,247 | 505,433,117 |
| 2091 | 88,169,255 | 503,929,591 |
| 2090 | 87,632,134 | 502,369,089 |
| 2089 | 87,075,435 | 500,764,988 |
| 2088 | 86,497,532 | 499,040,109 |
| 2087 | 85,901,116 | 497,294,229 |
| 2086 | 85,285,801 | 495,416,407 |
| 2085 | 84,648,237 | 493,469,269 |
| 2084 | 83,990,034 | 491,457,322 |
| 2083 | 83,310,768 | 489,327,293 |
| 2082 | 82,611,309 | 487,086,584 |
| 2081 | 81,895,814 | 484,774,651 |
| 2080 | 81,159,765 | 482,358,125 |
| 2079 | 80,409,054 | 479,913,540 |
| 2078 | 79,639,286 | 477,377,443 |
| 2077 | 78,852,089 | 474,692,907 |
| 2076 | 78,045,772 | 471,877,807 |
| 2075 | 77,223,494 | 468,953,317 |
| 2074 | 76,387,922 | 465,972,364 |
| 2073 | 75,535,687 | 462,907,667 |
| 2072 | 74,667,410 | 459,752,452 |
| 2071 | 73,784,579 | 456,518,761 |
| 2070 | 72,888,455 | 453,190,545 |
| 2069 | 71,975,811 | 449,749,441 |
| 2068 | 71,050,594 | 446,219,879 |
| 2067 | 70,111,034 | 442,632,987 |
| 2066 | 69,159,115 | 438,970,919 |
| 2065 | 68,199,397 | 435,260,675 |
| 2064 | 67,226,153 | 431,484,424 |
| 2063 | 66,242,857 | 427,665,121 |
| 2062 | 65,249,357 | 423,724,764 |
| 2061 | 64,246,142 | 419,759,602 |
| 2060 | 63,236,587 | 415,724,868 |
| 2059 | 62,219,239 | 411,662,239 |
| 2058 | 61,193,260 | 407,514,159 |
| 2057 | 60,161,411 | 403,318,028 |
| 2056 | 59,126,596 | 399,031,614 |
| 2055 | 58,084,470 | 394,728,055 |
| 2054 | 57,038,192 | 390,385,410 |
| 2053 | 55,989,073 | 386,003,289 |
| 2052 | 54,940,685 | 381,568,312 |
| 2051 | 53,889,624 | 377,096,921 |
| 2050 | 52,841,076 | 372,554,619 |
| 2049 | 51,793,560 | 367,986,189 |
| 2048 | 50,746,939 | 363,386,382 |
| 2047 | 49,703,518 | 358,734,325 |
| 2046 | 48,661,960 | 354,003,639 |
| 2045 | 47,622,548 | 349,228,953 |
| 2044 | 46,586,941 | 344,443,561 |
| 2043 | 45,557,790 | 339,631,894 |
| 2042 | 44,531,886 | 334,801,403 |
| 2041 | 43,511,370 | 329,944,530 |
| 2040 | 42,494,381 | 325,107,264 |
| 2039 | 41,482,338 | 320,203,920 |
| 2038 | 40,472,234 | 315,273,196 |
| 2037 | 39,463,944 | 310,377,446 |
| 2036 | 38,459,660 | 305,472,156 |
| 2035 | 37,458,584 | 300,604,245 |
| 2034 | 36,465,688 | 295,748,602 |
| 2033 | 35,476,260 | 290,911,874 |
| 2032 | 34,497,489 | 286,130,352 |
| 2031 | 33,527,117 | 281,410,647 |
| 2030 | 32,563,547 | 276,766,735 |
| 2029 | 31,610,576 | 272,246,760 |
| 2028 | 30,670,274 | 267,784,548 |
| 2027 | 29,741,014 | 263,445,027 |
| 2026 | 28,823,166 | 259,285,315 |
| 2025 | 27,917,831 | 255,219,554 |
| 2024 | 27,032,412 | 251,269,164 |
| 2023 | 26,159,867 | 247,504,495 |
| 2022 | 25,311,973 | 243,700,667 |
| 2021 | 24,502,140 | 239,477,801 |
| 2020 | 23,717,613 | 235,001,746 |
| 2019 | 22,947,757 | 230,800,899 |
| 2018 | 22,188,069 | 226,928,892 |
| 2017 | 21,435,446 | 223,273,967 |
| 2016 | 20,685,753 | 220,138,869 |
| 2015 | 19,939,498 | 217,290,883 |
| 2014 | 19,215,909 | 214,264,647 |
| 2013 | 18,519,898 | 211,073,978 |
| 2012 | 17,836,769 | 207,667,125 |
| 2011 | 17,176,283 | 203,746,065 |
| 2010 | 16,548,835 | 199,239,047 |
| 2009 | 15,943,675 | 194,376,534 |
| 2008 | 15,361,915 | 189,499,113 |
| 2007 | 14,803,610 | 184,493,231 |
| 2006 | 14,268,581 | 179,682,690 |
| 2005 | 13,756,192 | 175,453,212 |
| 2004 | 13,265,836 | 171,286,000 |
| 2003 | 12,796,984 | 167,110,248 |
| 2002 | 12,349,144 | 163,222,549 |
| 2001 | 11,920,647 | 159,270,907 |
| 2000 | 11,509,630 | 154,879,127 |
| 1999 | 11,117,411 | 150,565,377 |
| 1998 | 10,741,413 | 146,522,356 |
| 1997 | 10,383,969 | 142,531,804 |
| 1996 | 10,044,852 | 138,557,092 |
| 1995 | 9,714,529 | 134,582,253 |
| 1994 | 9,398,258 | 130,748,083 |
| 1993 | 9,100,789 | 127,020,117 |
| 1992 | 8,817,633 | 123,546,848 |
| 1991 | 8,546,900 | 120,060,406 |
| 1990 | 8,286,059 | 116,155,576 |
| 1989 | 8,034,780 | 112,336,629 |
| 1988 | 7,793,748 | 108,724,739 |
| 1987 | 7,561,150 | 105,130,717 |
| 1986 | 7,335,811 | 101,606,764 |
| 1985 | 7,118,457 | 98,229,285 |
| 1984 | 6,909,971 | 95,164,936 |
| 1983 | 6,708,644 | 92,227,711 |
| 1982 | 6,512,732 | 89,089,246 |
| 1981 | 6,322,006 | 85,802,049 |
| 1980 | 6,135,971 | 82,291,010 |
| 1979 | 5,955,556 | 78,997,039 |
| 1978 | 5,782,932 | 76,307,379 |
| 1977 | 5,619,716 | 73,901,827 |
| 1976 | 5,464,962 | 71,620,254 |
| 1975 | 5,317,019 | 69,461,175 |
| 1974 | 5,174,953 | 67,415,487 |
| 1973 | 5,037,865 | 65,461,912 |
| 1972 | 4,904,845 | 63,583,194 |
| 1971 | 4,776,225 | 61,847,899 |
| 1970 | 4,650,275 | 60,166,719 |
| 1969 | 4,525,725 | 58,460,939 |
| 1968 | 4,403,637 | 56,810,507 |
| 1967 | 4,283,590 | 55,214,768 |
| 1966 | 4,165,544 | 53,678,667 |
| 1965 | 4,049,695 | 52,209,010 |
| 1964 | 3,935,814 | 50,799,999 |
| 1963 | 3,823,873 | 49,447,776 |
| 1962 | 3,714,520 | 48,156,128 |
| 1961 | 3,608,162 | 46,921,277 |
| 1960 | 3,505,050 | 45,709,310 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/niger/pakistan | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Niger increased by 6,417,172 people (a 45% growth), while Pakistan gained 40,456,179 people (a 22.5% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Niger gained 8,608,875 people (a 41.6% growth), while Pakistan's population increased by 41,283,128 people (a 18.8% growth).
Niger was ranked 64th most populous country in 2006 and is 53rd in 2026. Pakistan was ranked 6th in 2006 and ranked 5th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Niger's population will grow by 80.4% to 52,841,076 people with a rank change from 53rd to 38th. The population of Pakistan will increase by 42.5% to 372,554,619 people and rank change from 5th to 4th.
Niger is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 92.1M people compared to the peak of 515M people in 2100 for Pakistan.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Niger
|
Pakistan
|
|
| 2100 | 0.39% | 0.17% |
| 2099 | 0.41% | 0.18% |
| 2098 | 0.44% | 0.19% |
| 2097 | 0.46% | 0.22% |
| 2096 | 0.49% | 0.24% |
| 2095 | 0.51% | 0.26% |
| 2094 | 0.54% | 0.27% |
| 2093 | 0.56% | 0.28% |
| 2092 | 0.59% | 0.3% |
| 2091 | 0.61% | 0.31% |
| 2090 | 0.64% | 0.32% |
| 2089 | 0.67% | 0.35% |
| 2088 | 0.69% | 0.35% |
| 2087 | 0.72% | 0.38% |
| 2086 | 0.75% | 0.39% |
| 2085 | 0.78% | 0.41% |
| 2084 | 0.82% | 0.44% |
| 2083 | 0.85% | 0.46% |
| 2082 | 0.87% | 0.48% |
| 2081 | 0.91% | 0.5% |
| 2080 | 0.93% | 0.51% |
| 2079 | 0.97% | 0.53% |
| 2078 | 1% | 0.57% |
| 2077 | 1.03% | 0.6% |
| 2076 | 1.06% | 0.62% |
| 2075 | 1.09% | 0.64% |
| 2074 | 1.13% | 0.66% |
| 2073 | 1.16% | 0.69% |
| 2072 | 1.2% | 0.71% |
| 2071 | 1.23% | 0.73% |
| 2070 | 1.27% | 0.77% |
| 2069 | 1.3% | 0.79% |
| 2068 | 1.34% | 0.81% |
| 2067 | 1.38% | 0.83% |
| 2066 | 1.41% | 0.85% |
| 2065 | 1.45% | 0.88% |
| 2064 | 1.48% | 0.89% |
| 2063 | 1.52% | 0.93% |
| 2062 | 1.56% | 0.94% |
| 2061 | 1.6% | 0.97% |
| 2060 | 1.64% | 0.99% |
| 2059 | 1.68% | 1.02% |
| 2058 | 1.72% | 1.04% |
| 2057 | 1.75% | 1.07% |
| 2056 | 1.79% | 1.09% |
| 2055 | 1.83% | 1.11% |
| 2054 | 1.87% | 1.14% |
| 2053 | 1.91% | 1.16% |
| 2052 | 1.95% | 1.19% |
| 2051 | 1.98% | 1.22% |
| 2050 | 2.02% | 1.24% |
| 2049 | 2.06% | 1.27% |
| 2048 | 2.1% | 1.3% |
| 2047 | 2.14% | 1.34% |
| 2046 | 2.18% | 1.37% |
| 2045 | 2.22% | 1.39% |
| 2044 | 2.26% | 1.42% |
| 2043 | 2.3% | 1.44% |
| 2042 | 2.35% | 1.47% |
| 2041 | 2.39% | 1.49% |
| 2040 | 2.44% | 1.53% |
| 2039 | 2.5% | 1.56% |
| 2038 | 2.55% | 1.58% |
| 2037 | 2.61% | 1.61% |
| 2036 | 2.67% | 1.62% |
| 2035 | 2.72% | 1.64% |
| 2034 | 2.79% | 1.66% |
| 2033 | 2.84% | 1.67% |
| 2032 | 2.89% | 1.68% |
| 2031 | 2.96% | 1.68% |
| 2030 | 3.01% | 1.66% |
| 2029 | 3.07% | 1.67% |
| 2028 | 3.12% | 1.65% |
| 2027 | 3.18% | 1.6% |
| 2026 | 3.24% | 1.59% |
| 2025 | 3.28% | 1.57% |
| 2024 | 3.34% | 1.52% |
| 2023 | 3.35% | 1.56% |
| 2022 | 3.31% | 1.76% |
| 2021 | 3.31% | 1.9% |
| 2020 | 3.35% | 1.82% |
| 2019 | 3.42% | 1.71% |
| 2018 | 3.51% | 1.64% |
| 2017 | 3.62% | 1.42% |
| 2016 | 3.74% | 1.31% |
| 2015 | 3.77% | 1.41% |
| 2014 | 3.76% | 1.51% |
| 2013 | 3.83% | 1.64% |
| 2012 | 3.85% | 1.92% |
| 2011 | 3.79% | 2.26% |
| 2010 | 3.8% | 2.5% |
| 2009 | 3.79% | 2.57% |
| 2008 | 3.77% | 2.71% |
| 2007 | 3.75% | 2.68% |
| 2006 | 3.72% | 2.41% |
| 2005 | 3.7% | 2.43% |
| 2004 | 3.66% | 2.5% |
| 2003 | 3.63% | 2.38% |
| 2002 | 3.59% | 2.48% |
| 2001 | 3.57% | 2.84% |
| 2000 | 3.53% | 2.87% |
| 1999 | 3.5% | 2.76% |
| 1998 | 3.44% | 2.8% |
| 1997 | 3.38% | 2.87% |
| 1996 | 3.4% | 2.95% |
| 1995 | 3.37% | 2.93% |
| 1994 | 3.27% | 2.93% |
| 1993 | 3.21% | 2.81% |
| 1992 | 3.17% | 2.9% |
| 1991 | 3.15% | 3.36% |
| 1990 | 3.13% | 3.4% |
| 1989 | 3.09% | 3.32% |
| 1988 | 3.08% | 3.42% |
| 1987 | 3.07% | 3.47% |
| 1986 | 3.05% | 3.44% |
| 1985 | 3.02% | 3.22% |
| 1984 | 3% | 3.18% |
| 1983 | 3.01% | 3.52% |
| 1982 | 3.02% | 3.83% |
| 1981 | 3.03% | 4.27% |
| 1980 | 3.03% | 4.17% |
| 1979 | 2.99% | 3.52% |
| 1978 | 2.9% | 3.26% |
| 1977 | 2.83% | 3.19% |
| 1976 | 2.78% | 3.11% |
| 1975 | 2.75% | 3.03% |
| 1974 | 2.72% | 2.98% |
| 1973 | 2.71% | 2.95% |
| 1972 | 2.69% | 2.81% |
| 1971 | 2.71% | 2.79% |
| 1970 | 2.75% | 2.92% |
| 1969 | 2.77% | 2.91% |
| 1968 | 2.8% | 2.89% |
| 1967 | 2.83% | 2.86% |
| 1966 | 2.86% | 2.81% |
| 1965 | 2.89% | 2.77% |
| 1964 | 2.93% | 2.73% |
| 1963 | 2.94% | 2.68% |
| 1962 | 2.95% | 2.63% |
| 1961 | 2.94% | 2.65% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/niger/pakistan | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Niger grew by 3.28%, while Pakistan's population grew by 1.57%.
Live population counters
|
Niger
|
Pakistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
29294628
|
261421997
|
| Population rank | 53/197 | 5/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.35% | 3.15% |
| One net population change |
35.7 seconds
|
8.01 seconds
|
| One birth every |
28.2 seconds
|
4.58 seconds
|
| One death every |
2.23 minutes
|
19.5 seconds
|
| Daily growth/decline | +2,426 | +10,823 |
| Annual growth/decline | +885,419 | +3,950,390 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +3.28% | +1.57% |
| Population growth rate rank | 9/197 | 66/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.14 hours
|
25.6 seconds
|
| Annual migration change | -7,704 | -1,235,336 |
| Net migration rank | 126/196 | 196/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 449,236 | 4,175,958 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 85/195 | 16/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 1.7% | 1.7% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 140/195 | 141/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Niger
|
Pakistan
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -7,704 | - | -1,235,336 |
| 2024 | 883,987 | -4,041 | 5,268,361 | -1,401,173 |
| 2023 | 864,139 | 995 | 5,281,745 | -1,619,557 |
| 2022 | 829,651 | 995 | 5,268,077 | -1,322,625 |
| 2021 | 793,428 | -4,405 | 5,065,913 | -565,673 |
| 2020 | 784,437 | -4,402 | 5,011,177 | -559,291 |
| 2019 | 775,474 | -15,778 | 5,127,011 | -1,177,220 |
| 2018 | 763,536 | -3,830 | 5,103,858 | -1,309,611 |
| 2017 | 752,384 | -6,830 | 5,090,200 | -1,574,585 |
| 2016 | 738,999 | 14,833 | 5,044,922 | -2,290,411 |
| 2015 | 721,630 | 17,051 | 5,113,507 | -2,172,162 |
| 2014 | 704,609 | 3,891 | 5,148,994 | -2,037,920 |
| 2013 | 686,070 | -2,543 | 5,176,590 | -1,906,319 |
| 2012 | 664,009 | 18,714 | 5,191,263 | -1,647,989 |
| 2011 | 645,175 | -6,941 | 5,189,412 | -890,633 |
| 2010 | 624,685 | -8,033 | 5,147,142 | -431,902 |
| 2009 | 602,671 | -9,014 | 5,028,132 | -18,298 |
| 2008 | 579,727 | -9,847 | 4,885,855 | -140,746 |
| 2007 | 556,808 | -10,069 | 4,690,187 | 576,349 |
| 2006 | 533,374 | -10,054 | 4,538,426 | -183,933 |
| 2005 | 511,167 | -9,700 | 4,294,393 | -189,899 |
| 2004 | 488,328 | -9,070 | 4,294,654 | -64,669 |
| 2003 | 467,295 | -8,841 | 4,340,688 | -219,118 |
| 2002 | 446,767 | -9,550 | 4,307,607 | -653,758 |
| 2001 | 428,417 | -8,654 | 4,304,297 | -54,727 |
| 2000 | 410,779 | -8,522 | 4,281,169 | 252,869 |
| 1999 | 394,212 | -12,037 | 4,228,026 | -134,510 |
| 1998 | 377,120 | -7,298 | 4,104,824 | -112,191 |
| 1997 | 358,745 | -13,680 | 4,043,912 | -55,539 |
| 1996 | 341,223 | -8,057 | 4,021,758 | -60,855 |
| 1995 | 323,630 | 3,843 | 3,977,175 | 11,534 |
| 1994 | 306,026 | -959 | 3,956,699 | -277,100 |
| 1993 | 292,135 | -2,269 | 3,915,776 | -139,493 |
| 1992 | 278,690 | -2,258 | 3,888,637 | -718,387 |
| 1991 | 266,527 | -1,500 | 3,822,363 | -19,668 |
| 1990 | 256,594 | 73 | 3,731,730 | 275,242 |
| 1989 | 245,278 | 613 | 3,648,132 | -17,164 |
| 1988 | 237,296 | -1,139 | 3,554,755 | 38,139 |
| 1987 | 231,371 | -2,338 | 3,448,813 | 146,364 |
| 1986 | 224,365 | -2,728 | 3,341,643 | 111,045 |
| 1985 | 219,206 | -6,126 | 3,233,315 | 68,860 |
| 1984 | 213,111 | -9,208 | 3,145,772 | -319,242 |
| 1983 | 207,962 | -9,209 | 3,052,738 | -4,753 |
| 1982 | 202,012 | -8,935 | 2,934,689 | 294,252 |
| 1981 | 195,938 | -7,559 | 2,790,454 | 555,032 |
| 1980 | 189,251 | -5,564 | 2,598,421 | 1,078,229 |
| 1979 | 180,632 | -3,495 | 2,461,311 | 450,003 |
| 1978 | 171,614 | -3,494 | 2,356,601 | 111,386 |
| 1977 | 161,792 | -3,476 | 2,257,849 | 85,250 |
| 1976 | 154,489 | -3,308 | 2,171,812 | 48,238 |
| 1975 | 147,962 | -3,254 | 2,099,811 | -1,710 |
| 1974 | 142,606 | -3,179 | 2,028,061 | -34,785 |
| 1973 | 137,695 | -2,942 | 1,971,909 | -58,012 |
| 1972 | 133,813 | -2,525 | 1,912,774 | -69,209 |
| 1971 | 128,223 | -2,277 | 1,695,374 | -68,357 |
| 1970 | 128,184 | -2,225 | 1,793,570 | -58,281 |
| 1969 | 125,389 | -2,245 | 1,733,601 | -57,406 |
| 1968 | 123,301 | -2,277 | 1,683,296 | -58,721 |
| 1967 | 121,358 | -2,289 | 1,626,737 | -59,932 |
| 1966 | 119,314 | -2,289 | 1,566,343 | -61,025 |
| 1965 | 116,963 | -2,289 | 1,496,050 | -62,070 |
| 1964 | 115,386 | -2,289 | 1,447,394 | -63,298 |
| 1963 | 113,072 | -2,289 | 1,384,934 | -64,552 |
| 1962 | 110,280 | -2,369 | 1,328,675 | -65,780 |
| 1961 | 107,693 | -2,893 | 1,273,772 | -66,991 |
| 1960 | 105,081 | -3,641 | 1,217,147 | 0 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/niger/pakistan | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 99.9% of the population change in Niger is from natural causes (a gain of 7,907,665 people) and 0.07% is from migration (a loss of 5,412 people). In Pakistan 78.6% is from natural causes (a gain of 51,374,771 people) and 21.4% is from migration (a loss of 13,992,308 people).
As of 2024, 449,236 residents or 1.7% of the population were not native-born in Niger, compared to 4,175,958 people or 1.7% in Pakistan.
Biggest cities by population
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Population differences between Niger and Pakistan
|
Niger
|
Pakistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 61.9 years | 68.1 years |
| Average age | 21.3 years | 25.8 years |
| Median age | 16.7 years | 21.6 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.8:49.2 | 50.7:49.3 |
| Fertility rate | 5.94 births per woman | 3.55 births per woman |
| Population density | 58.9 ppl/mi² | 871 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/niger/pakistan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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