The latest officially reported population of Kuwait was 4,897,263 in 2024 vs 251,269,164 people in Pakistan in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Kuwait's population is 5,100,145 people compared to 260,356,147 in Pakistan.
Population statistics:
- Pakistan's population is 51 times bigger than Kuwait's.
- Kuwait is ranked the 127th most populous country in the world, while Pakistan is the 5th.
- The countries together account for 3.2% of the world: 0.06% for Kuwait vs 3.14% for Pakistan.
- For the last 10 years, Kuwait has had an average growth rate of +3.1% per year vs +1.6% in Pakistan.
- Since 2006, the population of Kuwait has increased from 2.36M people to 5.1M (115.7% growth), while Pakistan has grown from 180M to 260M (44.9% growth).
Kuwait vs Pakistan: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Kuwait
|
Pakistan
|
|
| 2100 | 9,589,440 | 514,531,704 |
| 2099 | 9,513,152 | 513,655,674 |
| 2098 | 9,437,521 | 512,727,636 |
| 2097 | 9,362,225 | 511,735,790 |
| 2096 | 9,287,200 | 510,636,755 |
| 2095 | 9,212,523 | 509,437,875 |
| 2094 | 9,138,210 | 508,130,071 |
| 2093 | 9,064,241 | 506,765,644 |
| 2092 | 8,990,676 | 505,327,656 |
| 2091 | 8,917,547 | 503,824,444 |
| 2090 | 8,844,888 | 502,264,268 |
| 2089 | 8,772,503 | 500,660,501 |
| 2088 | 8,700,563 | 498,935,983 |
| 2087 | 8,629,117 | 497,190,466 |
| 2086 | 8,558,199 | 495,313,036 |
| 2085 | 8,487,764 | 493,366,305 |
| 2084 | 8,417,828 | 491,354,778 |
| 2083 | 8,348,353 | 489,225,193 |
| 2082 | 8,279,354 | 486,984,952 |
| 2081 | 8,210,772 | 484,673,501 |
| 2080 | 8,142,636 | 482,257,479 |
| 2079 | 8,075,101 | 479,813,404 |
| 2078 | 8,008,036 | 477,277,836 |
| 2077 | 7,941,463 | 474,593,860 |
| 2076 | 7,875,406 | 471,779,348 |
| 2075 | 7,809,930 | 468,855,468 |
| 2074 | 7,745,028 | 465,875,137 |
| 2073 | 7,680,639 | 462,811,079 |
| 2072 | 7,616,806 | 459,656,523 |
| 2071 | 7,553,744 | 456,423,506 |
| 2070 | 7,491,390 | 453,095,985 |
| 2069 | 7,429,571 | 449,655,599 |
| 2068 | 7,368,423 | 446,126,774 |
| 2067 | 7,307,932 | 442,540,629 |
| 2066 | 7,248,116 | 438,879,326 |
| 2065 | 7,188,899 | 435,169,856 |
| 2064 | 7,130,298 | 431,394,393 |
| 2063 | 7,072,099 | 427,575,887 |
| 2062 | 7,014,494 | 423,636,352 |
| 2061 | 6,957,511 | 419,672,017 |
| 2060 | 6,901,153 | 415,638,125 |
| 2059 | 6,845,293 | 411,576,344 |
| 2058 | 6,789,909 | 407,429,129 |
| 2057 | 6,734,955 | 403,233,874 |
| 2056 | 6,680,523 | 398,948,355 |
| 2055 | 6,626,403 | 394,645,693 |
| 2054 | 6,572,580 | 390,303,954 |
| 2053 | 6,518,885 | 385,922,748 |
| 2052 | 6,465,284 | 381,488,696 |
| 2051 | 6,411,692 | 377,018,239 |
| 2050 | 6,358,029 | 372,476,884 |
| 2049 | 6,304,394 | 367,909,407 |
| 2048 | 6,250,650 | 363,310,560 |
| 2047 | 6,196,914 | 358,659,474 |
| 2046 | 6,143,120 | 353,929,775 |
| 2045 | 6,089,197 | 349,156,085 |
| 2044 | 6,035,156 | 344,371,692 |
| 2043 | 5,981,241 | 339,561,029 |
| 2042 | 5,927,307 | 334,731,546 |
| 2041 | 5,873,587 | 329,875,686 |
| 2040 | 5,820,161 | 325,039,429 |
| 2039 | 5,767,029 | 320,137,108 |
| 2038 | 5,714,211 | 315,207,413 |
| 2037 | 5,661,929 | 310,312,684 |
| 2036 | 5,610,194 | 305,408,418 |
| 2035 | 5,559,069 | 300,541,523 |
| 2034 | 5,508,623 | 295,686,893 |
| 2033 | 5,458,935 | 290,851,174 |
| 2032 | 5,410,081 | 286,070,650 |
| 2031 | 5,362,063 | 281,351,929 |
| 2030 | 5,314,935 | 276,708,987 |
| 2029 | 5,265,492 | 272,189,955 |
| 2028 | 5,212,438 | 267,728,673 |
| 2027 | 5,152,065 | 263,390,059 |
| 2026 | 5,080,894 | 259,231,214 |
| 2025 | 4,998,262 | 255,166,301 |
| 2024 | 4,897,263 | 251,269,164 |
| 2023 | 4,853,420 | 247,504,495 |
| 2022 | 4,589,643 | 243,700,667 |
| 2021 | 4,360,865 | 239,477,801 |
| 2020 | 4,400,267 | 235,001,746 |
| 2019 | 4,442,316 | 230,800,899 |
| 2018 | 4,323,515 | 226,928,892 |
| 2017 | 4,154,812 | 223,273,967 |
| 2016 | 4,004,096 | 220,138,869 |
| 2015 | 3,834,574 | 217,290,883 |
| 2014 | 3,665,876 | 214,264,647 |
| 2013 | 3,507,844 | 211,073,978 |
| 2012 | 3,337,109 | 207,667,125 |
| 2011 | 3,132,814 | 203,746,065 |
| 2010 | 2,943,372 | 199,239,047 |
| 2009 | 2,795,484 | 194,376,534 |
| 2008 | 2,651,421 | 189,499,113 |
| 2007 | 2,507,887 | 184,493,231 |
| 2006 | 2,364,733 | 179,682,690 |
| 2005 | 2,236,788 | 175,453,212 |
| 2004 | 2,157,320 | 171,286,000 |
| 2003 | 2,109,881 | 167,110,248 |
| 2002 | 2,059,974 | 163,222,549 |
| 2001 | 2,008,121 | 159,270,907 |
| 2000 | 1,954,709 | 154,879,127 |
| 1999 | 1,900,030 | 150,565,377 |
| 1998 | 1,844,302 | 146,522,356 |
| 1997 | 1,787,683 | 142,531,804 |
| 1996 | 1,730,246 | 138,557,092 |
| 1995 | 1,681,513 | 134,582,253 |
| 1994 | 1,664,361 | 130,748,083 |
| 1993 | 1,672,151 | 127,020,117 |
| 1992 | 1,634,961 | 123,546,848 |
| 1991 | 1,351,399 | 120,060,406 |
| 1990 | 1,684,819 | 116,155,576 |
| 1989 | 2,217,468 | 112,336,629 |
| 1988 | 2,134,707 | 108,724,739 |
| 1987 | 2,052,994 | 105,130,717 |
| 1986 | 1,972,520 | 101,606,764 |
| 1985 | 1,894,242 | 98,229,285 |
| 1984 | 1,820,688 | 95,164,936 |
| 1983 | 1,744,295 | 92,227,711 |
| 1982 | 1,662,480 | 89,089,246 |
| 1981 | 1,583,426 | 85,802,049 |
| 1980 | 1,504,782 | 82,291,010 |
| 1979 | 1,423,514 | 78,997,039 |
| 1978 | 1,340,319 | 76,307,379 |
| 1977 | 1,258,023 | 73,901,827 |
| 1976 | 1,178,711 | 71,620,254 |
| 1975 | 1,104,863 | 69,461,175 |
| 1974 | 1,038,346 | 67,415,487 |
| 1973 | 977,654 | 65,461,912 |
| 1972 | 920,352 | 63,583,194 |
| 1971 | 865,076 | 61,847,899 |
| 1970 | 809,114 | 60,166,719 |
| 1969 | 749,452 | 58,460,939 |
| 1968 | 687,716 | 56,810,507 |
| 1967 | 628,089 | 55,214,768 |
| 1966 | 572,590 | 53,678,667 |
| 1965 | 521,174 | 52,209,010 |
| 1964 | 473,115 | 50,799,999 |
| 1963 | 427,694 | 49,447,776 |
| 1962 | 384,995 | 48,156,128 |
| 1961 | 345,945 | 46,921,277 |
| 1960 | 311,060 | 45,709,310 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/pakistan | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Kuwait increased by 1,639,363 people (a 69.3% growth), while Pakistan gained 40,456,179 people (a 22.5% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Kuwait gained 1,096,049 people (a 27.4% growth), while Pakistan's population increased by 40,217,278 people (a 18.3% growth).
Kuwait was ranked 139th most populous country in 2006 and is 127th in 2026. Pakistan was ranked 6th in 2006 and ranked 5th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Kuwait's population will grow by 24.7% to 6,358,029 people with a rank change from 127th to 117th. The population of Pakistan will increase by 43.1% to 372,476,884 people and rank change from 5th to 4th.
Kuwait is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 9.59M people compared to the peak of 515M people in 2100 for Pakistan.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Kuwait
|
Pakistan
|
|
| 2100 | 0.8% | 0.17% |
| 2099 | 0.8% | 0.18% |
| 2098 | 0.8% | 0.19% |
| 2097 | 0.81% | 0.22% |
| 2096 | 0.81% | 0.24% |
| 2095 | 0.81% | 0.26% |
| 2094 | 0.82% | 0.27% |
| 2093 | 0.82% | 0.28% |
| 2092 | 0.82% | 0.3% |
| 2091 | 0.82% | 0.31% |
| 2090 | 0.83% | 0.32% |
| 2089 | 0.83% | 0.35% |
| 2088 | 0.83% | 0.35% |
| 2087 | 0.83% | 0.38% |
| 2086 | 0.83% | 0.39% |
| 2085 | 0.83% | 0.41% |
| 2084 | 0.83% | 0.44% |
| 2083 | 0.83% | 0.46% |
| 2082 | 0.84% | 0.48% |
| 2081 | 0.84% | 0.5% |
| 2080 | 0.84% | 0.51% |
| 2079 | 0.84% | 0.53% |
| 2078 | 0.84% | 0.57% |
| 2077 | 0.84% | 0.6% |
| 2076 | 0.84% | 0.62% |
| 2075 | 0.84% | 0.64% |
| 2074 | 0.84% | 0.66% |
| 2073 | 0.84% | 0.69% |
| 2072 | 0.83% | 0.71% |
| 2071 | 0.83% | 0.73% |
| 2070 | 0.83% | 0.77% |
| 2069 | 0.83% | 0.79% |
| 2068 | 0.83% | 0.81% |
| 2067 | 0.83% | 0.83% |
| 2066 | 0.82% | 0.85% |
| 2065 | 0.82% | 0.88% |
| 2064 | 0.82% | 0.89% |
| 2063 | 0.82% | 0.93% |
| 2062 | 0.82% | 0.94% |
| 2061 | 0.82% | 0.97% |
| 2060 | 0.82% | 0.99% |
| 2059 | 0.82% | 1.02% |
| 2058 | 0.82% | 1.04% |
| 2057 | 0.81% | 1.07% |
| 2056 | 0.82% | 1.09% |
| 2055 | 0.82% | 1.11% |
| 2054 | 0.82% | 1.14% |
| 2053 | 0.83% | 1.16% |
| 2052 | 0.84% | 1.19% |
| 2051 | 0.84% | 1.22% |
| 2050 | 0.85% | 1.24% |
| 2049 | 0.86% | 1.27% |
| 2048 | 0.87% | 1.3% |
| 2047 | 0.88% | 1.34% |
| 2046 | 0.89% | 1.37% |
| 2045 | 0.9% | 1.39% |
| 2044 | 0.9% | 1.42% |
| 2043 | 0.91% | 1.44% |
| 2042 | 0.91% | 1.47% |
| 2041 | 0.92% | 1.49% |
| 2040 | 0.92% | 1.53% |
| 2039 | 0.92% | 1.56% |
| 2038 | 0.92% | 1.58% |
| 2037 | 0.92% | 1.61% |
| 2036 | 0.92% | 1.62% |
| 2035 | 0.92% | 1.64% |
| 2034 | 0.91% | 1.66% |
| 2033 | 0.9% | 1.67% |
| 2032 | 0.9% | 1.68% |
| 2031 | 0.89% | 1.68% |
| 2030 | 0.94% | 1.66% |
| 2029 | 1.02% | 1.67% |
| 2028 | 1.17% | 1.65% |
| 2027 | 1.4% | 1.6% |
| 2026 | 1.65% | 1.59% |
| 2025 | 2.06% | 1.55% |
| 2024 | 0.9% | 1.52% |
| 2023 | 5.75% | 1.56% |
| 2022 | 5.25% | 1.76% |
| 2021 | -0.9% | 1.9% |
| 2020 | -0.95% | 1.82% |
| 2019 | 2.75% | 1.71% |
| 2018 | 4.06% | 1.64% |
| 2017 | 3.76% | 1.42% |
| 2016 | 4.42% | 1.31% |
| 2015 | 4.6% | 1.41% |
| 2014 | 4.51% | 1.51% |
| 2013 | 5.12% | 1.64% |
| 2012 | 6.52% | 1.92% |
| 2011 | 6.44% | 2.26% |
| 2010 | 5.29% | 2.5% |
| 2009 | 5.43% | 2.57% |
| 2008 | 5.72% | 2.71% |
| 2007 | 6.05% | 2.68% |
| 2006 | 5.72% | 2.41% |
| 2005 | 3.68% | 2.43% |
| 2004 | 2.25% | 2.5% |
| 2003 | 2.42% | 2.38% |
| 2002 | 2.58% | 2.48% |
| 2001 | 2.73% | 2.84% |
| 2000 | 2.88% | 2.87% |
| 1999 | 3.02% | 2.76% |
| 1998 | 3.17% | 2.8% |
| 1997 | 3.32% | 2.87% |
| 1996 | 2.9% | 2.95% |
| 1995 | 1.03% | 2.93% |
| 1994 | -0.47% | 2.93% |
| 1993 | 2.27% | 2.81% |
| 1992 | 21% | 2.9% |
| 1991 | -19.8% | 3.36% |
| 1990 | -24% | 3.4% |
| 1989 | 3.88% | 3.32% |
| 1988 | 3.98% | 3.42% |
| 1987 | 4.08% | 3.47% |
| 1986 | 4.13% | 3.44% |
| 1985 | 4.04% | 3.22% |
| 1984 | 4.38% | 3.18% |
| 1983 | 4.92% | 3.52% |
| 1982 | 4.99% | 3.83% |
| 1981 | 5.23% | 4.27% |
| 1980 | 5.71% | 4.17% |
| 1979 | 6.21% | 3.52% |
| 1978 | 6.54% | 3.26% |
| 1977 | 6.73% | 3.19% |
| 1976 | 6.68% | 3.11% |
| 1975 | 6.41% | 3.03% |
| 1974 | 6.21% | 2.98% |
| 1973 | 6.23% | 2.95% |
| 1972 | 6.39% | 2.81% |
| 1971 | 6.92% | 2.79% |
| 1970 | 7.96% | 2.92% |
| 1969 | 8.98% | 2.91% |
| 1968 | 9.49% | 2.89% |
| 1967 | 9.69% | 2.86% |
| 1966 | 9.87% | 2.81% |
| 1965 | 10.2% | 2.77% |
| 1964 | 10.6% | 2.73% |
| 1963 | 11.1% | 2.68% |
| 1962 | 11.3% | 2.63% |
| 1961 | 11.2% | 2.65% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/pakistan | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Kuwait grew by 0.9%, while Pakistan's population grew by 1.52%.
Live population counters
|
Kuwait
|
Pakistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
5100145
|
260356147
|
| Population rank | 127/197 | 5/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.06% | 3.14% |
| One net population change |
12 minutes
|
8.38 seconds
|
| One birth every |
10.5 minutes
|
4.58 seconds
|
| One death every |
1.18 hours
|
19.7 seconds
|
| Daily growth/decline | +120 | +10,314 |
| Annual growth/decline | +43,843 | +3,764,669 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.9% | +1.52% |
| Population growth rate rank | 106/197 | 70/197 |
| One migration net change every |
12.3 minutes
|
25.6 seconds
|
| Annual migration change | +42,775 | -1,235,336 |
| Net migration rank | 24/196 | 196/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 3,323,191 | 4,175,958 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 20/195 | 16/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 67.3% | 1.7% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 5/195 | 141/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Kuwait
|
Pakistan
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 42,775 | - | -1,235,336 |
| 2024 | - | 61,624 | - | -1,401,173 |
| 2023 | 42,568 | 50,008 | 5,281,745 | -1,619,557 |
| 2022 | 41,752 | 368,560 | 5,268,077 | -1,322,625 |
| 2021 | 42,057 | 19,678 | 5,065,913 | -565,673 |
| 2020 | 41,083 | -168,379 | 5,011,177 | -559,291 |
| 2019 | 46,268 | 181 | 5,127,011 | -1,177,220 |
| 2018 | 47,222 | 145,973 | 5,103,858 | -1,309,611 |
| 2017 | 51,498 | 92,717 | 5,090,200 | -1,574,585 |
| 2016 | 51,397 | 105,818 | 5,044,922 | -2,290,411 |
| 2015 | 52,127 | 129,695 | 5,113,507 | -2,172,162 |
| 2014 | 54,673 | 100,891 | 5,148,994 | -2,037,920 |
| 2013 | 52,666 | 107,821 | 5,176,590 | -1,906,319 |
| 2012 | 53,181 | 127,777 | 5,191,263 | -1,647,989 |
| 2011 | 50,733 | 176,732 | 5,189,412 | -890,633 |
| 2010 | 49,838 | 101,566 | 5,147,142 | -431,902 |
| 2009 | 48,879 | 95,483 | 5,028,132 | -18,298 |
| 2008 | 47,505 | 96,268 | 4,885,855 | -140,746 |
| 2007 | 46,539 | 96,765 | 4,690,187 | 576,349 |
| 2006 | 45,911 | 97,087 | 4,538,426 | -183,933 |
| 2005 | 45,243 | 67,638 | 4,294,393 | -189,899 |
| 2004 | 44,341 | 1,713 | 4,294,654 | -64,669 |
| 2003 | 42,934 | 5,895 | 4,340,688 | -219,118 |
| 2002 | 41,651 | 9,335 | 4,307,607 | -653,758 |
| 2001 | 40,662 | 12,055 | 4,304,297 | -54,727 |
| 2000 | 39,811 | 14,296 | 4,281,169 | 252,869 |
| 1999 | 39,342 | 15,912 | 4,228,026 | -134,510 |
| 1998 | 39,324 | 16,878 | 4,104,824 | -112,191 |
| 1997 | 39,581 | 17,457 | 4,043,912 | -55,539 |
| 1996 | 39,920 | 17,914 | 4,021,758 | -60,855 |
| 1995 | 39,198 | 438 | 3,977,175 | 11,534 |
| 1994 | 36,533 | -41,862 | 3,956,699 | -277,100 |
| 1993 | 33,239 | -43,501 | 3,915,776 | -139,493 |
| 1992 | 32,016 | 52,620 | 3,888,637 | -718,387 |
| 1991 | 21,867 | 460,628 | 3,822,363 | -19,668 |
| 1990 | 46,720 | -1,196,050 | 3,731,730 | 275,242 |
| 1989 | 49,390 | 34,643 | 3,648,132 | -17,164 |
| 1988 | 50,037 | 31,455 | 3,554,755 | 38,139 |
| 1987 | 50,690 | 31,243 | 3,448,813 | 146,364 |
| 1986 | 51,824 | 27,187 | 3,341,643 | 111,045 |
| 1985 | 51,772 | 25,777 | 3,233,315 | 68,860 |
| 1984 | 52,539 | 17,020 | 3,145,772 | -319,242 |
| 1983 | 51,460 | 31,758 | 3,052,738 | -4,753 |
| 1982 | 49,981 | 30,437 | 2,934,689 | 294,252 |
| 1981 | 48,098 | 29,600 | 2,790,454 | 555,032 |
| 1980 | 47,096 | 32,483 | 2,598,421 | 1,078,229 |
| 1979 | 45,569 | 37,383 | 2,461,311 | 450,003 |
| 1978 | 44,277 | 39,159 | 2,356,601 | 111,386 |
| 1977 | 42,922 | 38,225 | 2,257,849 | 85,250 |
| 1976 | 41,439 | 36,050 | 2,171,812 | 48,238 |
| 1975 | 39,295 | 30,909 | 2,099,811 | -1,710 |
| 1974 | 37,425 | 25,398 | 2,028,061 | -34,785 |
| 1973 | 35,741 | 22,830 | 1,971,909 | -58,012 |
| 1972 | 34,045 | 21,984 | 1,912,774 | -69,209 |
| 1971 | 32,339 | 22,182 | 1,695,374 | -68,357 |
| 1970 | 30,789 | 26,614 | 1,793,570 | -58,281 |
| 1969 | 28,774 | 33,143 | 1,733,601 | -57,406 |
| 1968 | 26,161 | 35,399 | 1,683,296 | -58,721 |
| 1967 | 23,520 | 34,177 | 1,626,737 | -59,932 |
| 1966 | 20,914 | 32,383 | 1,566,343 | -61,025 |
| 1965 | 18,952 | 30,580 | 1,496,050 | -62,070 |
| 1964 | 17,064 | 29,537 | 1,447,394 | -63,298 |
| 1963 | 15,357 | 28,889 | 1,384,934 | -64,552 |
| 1962 | 13,730 | 27,417 | 1,328,675 | -65,780 |
| 1961 | 12,327 | 24,618 | 1,273,772 | -66,991 |
| 1960 | 11,054 | 21,769 | 1,217,147 | 0 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/pakistan | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 35.8% of the population change in Kuwait is from natural causes (a gain of 470,645 people) and 64.2% is from migration (a gain of 845,142 people). In Pakistan 77.8% is from natural causes (a gain of 51,255,404 people) and 22.2% is from migration (a loss of 14,629,055 people).
As of 2024, 3,323,191 residents or 67.3% of the population were not native-born in Kuwait, compared to 4,175,958 people or 1.7% in Pakistan.
Biggest cities by population
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Population differences between Kuwait and Pakistan
|
Kuwait
|
Pakistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 81 years | 68.1 years |
| Average age | 34.1 years | 25.6 years |
| Median age | 35.8 years | 21.5 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 61.1:38.9 | 50.7:49.3 |
| Fertility rate | 1.52 births per woman | 3.61 births per woman |
| Population density | 738 ppl/mi² | 871 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/pakistan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.