The latest officially reported population of Indonesia was 285,721,236 in 2025 vs 686,970 people in Luxembourg in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Indonesia's population is 289,027,659 people compared to 697,802 in Luxembourg.
Population statistics:
- Indonesia's population is 414 times bigger than Luxembourg's.
- Indonesia is ranked the 4th most populous country in the world, while Luxembourg is the 164th.
- The countries together account for 3.49% of the world: 3.48% for Indonesia vs 0.008% for Luxembourg.
- For the last 10 years, Indonesia has had an average growth rate of +0.9% per year vs +1.94% in Luxembourg.
- Since 2006, the population of Indonesia has increased from 234M people to 289M (23.5% growth), while Luxembourg has grown from 473K to 698K (47.6% growth).
Indonesia vs Luxembourg: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Indonesia
|
Luxembourg
|
|
| 2100 | 297,217,412 | 760,055 |
| 2099 | 298,340,219 | 761,871 |
| 2098 | 299,449,882 | 763,627 |
| 2097 | 300,549,857 | 765,472 |
| 2096 | 301,634,112 | 767,128 |
| 2095 | 302,698,798 | 768,456 |
| 2094 | 303,751,488 | 770,080 |
| 2093 | 304,790,169 | 771,655 |
| 2092 | 305,809,796 | 773,129 |
| 2091 | 306,805,664 | 774,950 |
| 2090 | 307,780,044 | 776,632 |
| 2089 | 308,727,665 | 778,332 |
| 2088 | 309,652,467 | 780,148 |
| 2087 | 310,557,120 | 782,099 |
| 2086 | 311,434,804 | 784,047 |
| 2085 | 312,284,488 | 785,931 |
| 2084 | 313,107,329 | 787,814 |
| 2083 | 313,904,231 | 789,410 |
| 2082 | 314,670,881 | 791,384 |
| 2081 | 315,404,888 | 793,230 |
| 2080 | 316,109,402 | 794,913 |
| 2079 | 316,790,074 | 796,562 |
| 2078 | 317,438,140 | 798,015 |
| 2077 | 318,056,534 | 799,552 |
| 2076 | 318,635,038 | 800,980 |
| 2075 | 319,190,402 | 802,329 |
| 2074 | 319,709,426 | 803,649 |
| 2073 | 320,201,444 | 805,065 |
| 2072 | 320,659,562 | 806,490 |
| 2071 | 321,086,184 | 807,534 |
| 2070 | 321,485,042 | 808,891 |
| 2069 | 321,858,064 | 809,871 |
| 2068 | 322,201,979 | 810,615 |
| 2067 | 322,516,545 | 811,270 |
| 2066 | 322,798,892 | 811,697 |
| 2065 | 323,048,550 | 812,055 |
| 2064 | 323,268,759 | 812,347 |
| 2063 | 323,456,004 | 812,618 |
| 2062 | 323,612,644 | 812,825 |
| 2061 | 323,734,699 | 812,670 |
| 2060 | 323,814,746 | 812,579 |
| 2059 | 323,854,683 | 812,345 |
| 2058 | 323,844,015 | 811,949 |
| 2057 | 323,786,943 | 811,547 |
| 2056 | 323,671,172 | 811,136 |
| 2055 | 323,502,155 | 810,018 |
| 2054 | 323,274,189 | 808,772 |
| 2053 | 322,982,358 | 807,469 |
| 2052 | 322,627,695 | 806,069 |
| 2051 | 322,202,850 | 804,175 |
| 2050 | 321,699,802 | 802,377 |
| 2049 | 321,119,283 | 800,333 |
| 2048 | 320,457,830 | 797,869 |
| 2047 | 319,728,668 | 795,366 |
| 2046 | 318,921,027 | 792,679 |
| 2045 | 318,028,206 | 789,667 |
| 2044 | 317,051,440 | 786,581 |
| 2043 | 315,992,168 | 783,374 |
| 2042 | 314,856,940 | 779,750 |
| 2041 | 313,643,892 | 775,990 |
| 2040 | 312,358,800 | 772,121 |
| 2039 | 311,001,176 | 767,824 |
| 2038 | 309,578,763 | 763,311 |
| 2037 | 308,089,917 | 758,894 |
| 2036 | 306,544,452 | 754,191 |
| 2035 | 304,940,852 | 749,172 |
| 2034 | 303,275,782 | 744,087 |
| 2033 | 301,552,643 | 738,759 |
| 2032 | 299,781,696 | 733,039 |
| 2031 | 297,956,985 | 727,303 |
| 2030 | 296,081,262 | 721,333 |
| 2029 | 294,145,245 | 714,969 |
| 2028 | 292,143,454 | 708,110 |
| 2027 | 290,069,053 | 701,168 |
| 2026 | 287,927,760 | 694,248 |
| 2025 | 285,721,236 | 686,970 |
| 2024 | 283,487,931 | 677,012 |
| 2023 | 281,190,067 | 666,430 |
| 2022 | 278,830,529 | 653,103 |
| 2021 | 276,758,053 | 640,064 |
| 2020 | 274,814,866 | 630,419 |
| 2019 | 272,489,381 | 620,001 |
| 2018 | 269,951,846 | 607,950 |
| 2017 | 267,346,658 | 596,336 |
| 2016 | 264,627,418 | 582,014 |
| 2015 | 261,799,249 | 569,604 |
| 2014 | 258,877,399 | 556,319 |
| 2013 | 255,852,467 | 543,360 |
| 2012 | 252,698,525 | 530,946 |
| 2011 | 249,470,032 | 518,347 |
| 2010 | 246,305,322 | 506,953 |
| 2009 | 243,220,028 | 497,783 |
| 2008 | 240,157,903 | 488,650 |
| 2007 | 237,062,337 | 479,993 |
| 2006 | 233,951,652 | 472,637 |
| 2005 | 230,871,650 | 465,158 |
| 2004 | 227,926,649 | 458,095 |
| 2003 | 225,048,008 | 451,630 |
| 2002 | 222,088,495 | 446,175 |
| 2001 | 219,097,902 | 441,525 |
| 2000 | 216,077,790 | 436,300 |
| 1999 | 213,004,668 | 430,475 |
| 1998 | 209,826,788 | 424,700 |
| 1997 | 206,536,095 | 419,450 |
| 1996 | 203,204,348 | 414,225 |
| 1995 | 199,888,057 | 408,625 |
| 1994 | 196,591,828 | 402,925 |
| 1993 | 193,305,168 | 397,475 |
| 1992 | 190,043,744 | 392,175 |
| 1991 | 186,778,238 | 387,000 |
| 1990 | 183,501,098 | 381,850 |
| 1989 | 180,201,630 | 377,100 |
| 1988 | 176,855,065 | 373,450 |
| 1987 | 173,511,154 | 370,750 |
| 1986 | 170,175,065 | 368,355 |
| 1985 | 166,776,185 | 366,706 |
| 1984 | 163,251,124 | 365,998 |
| 1983 | 159,651,381 | 365,622 |
| 1982 | 156,052,152 | 365,525 |
| 1981 | 152,485,035 | 365,225 |
| 1980 | 148,950,540 | 364,150 |
| 1979 | 145,434,834 | 362,856 |
| 1978 | 141,953,163 | 362,007 |
| 1977 | 138,533,541 | 361,358 |
| 1976 | 135,173,655 | 360,731 |
| 1975 | 131,843,848 | 358,950 |
| 1974 | 128,555,045 | 355,050 |
| 1973 | 125,288,515 | 350,450 |
| 1972 | 122,039,841 | 346,600 |
| 1971 | 118,833,702 | 342,421 |
| 1970 | 115,657,495 | 339,171 |
| 1969 | 112,517,639 | 337,500 |
| 1968 | 109,450,006 | 335,850 |
| 1967 | 106,526,393 | 334,995 |
| 1966 | 103,792,754 | 333,895 |
| 1965 | 101,365,130 | 331,500 |
| 1964 | 98,833,749 | 327,750 |
| 1963 | 96,051,424 | 324,100 |
| 1962 | 93,375,850 | 320,750 |
| 1961 | 90,791,249 | 316,845 |
| 1960 | 88,296,070 | 313,970 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/indonesia/luxembourg | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Indonesia increased by 30,675,766 people (a 13.1% growth), while Luxembourg gained 109,377 people (a 23.1% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Indonesia gained 24,400,241 people (a 9.22% growth), while Luxembourg's population increased by 115,788 people (a 19.9% growth).
Indonesia was ranked 4th most populous country in 2006 and is still 4th in 2026. Luxembourg was ranked 167th in 2006 and ranked 164th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Indonesia's population will grow by 11.3% to 321,699,802 people with a rank change from 4th to 6th. The population of Luxembourg will increase by 15% to 802,377 people and will still be ranked 164th.
Indonesia is projected to reach its peak in 2059 at 324M people compared to the peak of 813K people in 2062 for Luxembourg.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Indonesia
|
Luxembourg
|
|
| 2100 | -0.38% | -0.24% |
| 2099 | -0.37% | -0.23% |
| 2098 | -0.37% | -0.24% |
| 2097 | -0.36% | -0.22% |
| 2096 | -0.35% | -0.17% |
| 2095 | -0.35% | -0.21% |
| 2094 | -0.34% | -0.2% |
| 2093 | -0.33% | -0.19% |
| 2092 | -0.32% | -0.23% |
| 2091 | -0.32% | -0.22% |
| 2090 | -0.31% | -0.22% |
| 2089 | -0.3% | -0.23% |
| 2088 | -0.29% | -0.25% |
| 2087 | -0.28% | -0.25% |
| 2086 | -0.27% | -0.24% |
| 2085 | -0.26% | -0.24% |
| 2084 | -0.25% | -0.2% |
| 2083 | -0.24% | -0.25% |
| 2082 | -0.23% | -0.23% |
| 2081 | -0.22% | -0.21% |
| 2080 | -0.21% | -0.21% |
| 2079 | -0.2% | -0.18% |
| 2078 | -0.19% | -0.19% |
| 2077 | -0.18% | -0.18% |
| 2076 | -0.17% | -0.17% |
| 2075 | -0.16% | -0.16% |
| 2074 | -0.15% | -0.18% |
| 2073 | -0.14% | -0.18% |
| 2072 | -0.13% | -0.13% |
| 2071 | -0.12% | -0.17% |
| 2070 | -0.12% | -0.12% |
| 2069 | -0.11% | -0.09% |
| 2068 | -0.1% | -0.08% |
| 2067 | -0.09% | -0.05% |
| 2066 | -0.08% | -0.04% |
| 2065 | -0.07% | -0.04% |
| 2064 | -0.06% | -0.03% |
| 2063 | -0.05% | -0.03% |
| 2062 | -0.04% | 0.02% |
| 2061 | -0.02% | 0.01% |
| 2060 | -0.01% | 0.03% |
| 2059 | 0.003% | 0.05% |
| 2058 | 0.02% | 0.05% |
| 2057 | 0.04% | 0.05% |
| 2056 | 0.05% | 0.14% |
| 2055 | 0.07% | 0.15% |
| 2054 | 0.09% | 0.16% |
| 2053 | 0.11% | 0.17% |
| 2052 | 0.13% | 0.24% |
| 2051 | 0.16% | 0.22% |
| 2050 | 0.18% | 0.26% |
| 2049 | 0.21% | 0.31% |
| 2048 | 0.23% | 0.31% |
| 2047 | 0.25% | 0.34% |
| 2046 | 0.28% | 0.38% |
| 2045 | 0.31% | 0.39% |
| 2044 | 0.34% | 0.41% |
| 2043 | 0.36% | 0.46% |
| 2042 | 0.39% | 0.48% |
| 2041 | 0.41% | 0.5% |
| 2040 | 0.44% | 0.56% |
| 2039 | 0.46% | 0.59% |
| 2038 | 0.48% | 0.58% |
| 2037 | 0.5% | 0.62% |
| 2036 | 0.53% | 0.67% |
| 2035 | 0.55% | 0.68% |
| 2034 | 0.57% | 0.72% |
| 2033 | 0.59% | 0.78% |
| 2032 | 0.61% | 0.79% |
| 2031 | 0.63% | 0.83% |
| 2030 | 0.66% | 0.89% |
| 2029 | 0.69% | 0.97% |
| 2028 | 0.72% | 0.99% |
| 2027 | 0.74% | 1% |
| 2026 | 0.77% | 1.06% |
| 2025 | 0.79% | 1.47% |
| 2024 | 0.82% | 1.59% |
| 2023 | 0.85% | 2.04% |
| 2022 | 0.75% | 2.04% |
| 2021 | 0.71% | 1.53% |
| 2020 | 0.85% | 1.68% |
| 2019 | 0.94% | 1.98% |
| 2018 | 0.97% | 1.95% |
| 2017 | 1.03% | 2.46% |
| 2016 | 1.08% | 2.18% |
| 2015 | 1.13% | 2.39% |
| 2014 | 1.18% | 2.38% |
| 2013 | 1.25% | 2.34% |
| 2012 | 1.29% | 2.43% |
| 2011 | 1.28% | 2.25% |
| 2010 | 1.27% | 1.84% |
| 2009 | 1.28% | 1.87% |
| 2008 | 1.31% | 1.8% |
| 2007 | 1.33% | 1.56% |
| 2006 | 1.33% | 1.61% |
| 2005 | 1.29% | 1.54% |
| 2004 | 1.28% | 1.43% |
| 2003 | 1.33% | 1.22% |
| 2002 | 1.36% | 1.05% |
| 2001 | 1.4% | 1.2% |
| 2000 | 1.44% | 1.35% |
| 1999 | 1.51% | 1.36% |
| 1998 | 1.59% | 1.25% |
| 1997 | 1.64% | 1.26% |
| 1996 | 1.66% | 1.37% |
| 1995 | 1.68% | 1.41% |
| 1994 | 1.7% | 1.37% |
| 1993 | 1.72% | 1.35% |
| 1992 | 1.75% | 1.34% |
| 1991 | 1.79% | 1.35% |
| 1990 | 1.83% | 1.26% |
| 1989 | 1.89% | 0.98% |
| 1988 | 1.93% | 0.73% |
| 1987 | 1.96% | 0.65% |
| 1986 | 2.04% | 0.45% |
| 1985 | 2.16% | 0.19% |
| 1984 | 2.25% | 0.1% |
| 1983 | 2.31% | 0.03% |
| 1982 | 2.34% | 0.08% |
| 1981 | 2.37% | 0.3% |
| 1980 | 2.42% | 0.36% |
| 1979 | 2.45% | 0.23% |
| 1978 | 2.47% | 0.18% |
| 1977 | 2.49% | 0.17% |
| 1976 | 2.53% | 0.5% |
| 1975 | 2.56% | 1.1% |
| 1974 | 2.61% | 1.31% |
| 1973 | 2.66% | 1.11% |
| 1972 | 2.7% | 1.22% |
| 1971 | 2.75% | 0.96% |
| 1970 | 2.79% | 0.5% |
| 1969 | 2.8% | 0.49% |
| 1968 | 2.74% | 0.26% |
| 1967 | 2.63% | 0.33% |
| 1966 | 2.39% | 0.72% |
| 1965 | 2.56% | 1.14% |
| 1964 | 2.9% | 1.13% |
| 1963 | 2.87% | 1.04% |
| 1962 | 2.85% | 1.23% |
| 1961 | 2.83% | 0.92% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/indonesia/luxembourg | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Indonesia grew by 0.79%, while Luxembourg's population grew by 1.47%.
Live population counters
|
Indonesia
|
Luxembourg
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
289027659
|
697802
|
| Population rank | 4/197 | 164/197 |
| Percent of world population | 3.48% | 0.008% |
| One net population change |
14.2 seconds
|
52.9 minutes
|
| One birth every |
7.06 seconds
|
1.36 hours
|
| One death every |
14.6 seconds
|
1.96 hours
|
| Daily growth/decline | +6,119 | +27 |
| Annual growth/decline | +2,233,305 | +9,958 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.79% | +1.47% |
| Population growth rate rank | 112/197 | 71/197 |
| One migration net change every |
13.3 minutes
|
1.68 hours
|
| Annual migration change | -39,509 | +5,237 |
| Net migration rank | 171/196 | 51/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 445,726 | 344,309 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 86/195 | 94/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.2% | 51.2% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 188/195 | 8/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Indonesia
|
Luxembourg
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -39,509 | - | 5,237 |
| 2024 | 2,307,025 | -38,469 | 1,963 | 5,677 |
| 2023 | 2,364,808 | -37,501 | 1,933 | 5,905 |
| 2022 | 2,429,171 | -37,501 | 2,024 | 13,194 |
| 2021 | 1,764,332 | -11,248 | 2,240 | 8,724 |
| 2020 | 2,152,076 | -18,743 | 1,828 | 6,967 |
| 2019 | 2,548,048 | -30,421 | 1,922 | 10,503 |
| 2018 | 2,587,219 | -29,911 | 1,945 | 10,145 |
| 2017 | 2,682,556 | -29,467 | 1,968 | 9,643 |
| 2016 | 2,814,578 | -28,991 | 2,095 | 12,760 |
| 2015 | 2,899,165 | -28,487 | 2,107 | 11,377 |
| 2014 | 3,000,907 | -27,988 | 2,225 | 11,217 |
| 2013 | 3,104,258 | -27,507 | 2,336 | 10,535 |
| 2012 | 3,259,811 | -28,869 | 2,124 | 10,273 |
| 2011 | 3,266,560 | -40,543 | 1,814 | 10,918 |
| 2010 | 3,161,082 | -57,752 | 2,129 | 7,909 |
| 2009 | 3,140,944 | -73,655 | 1,991 | 6,855 |
| 2008 | 3,138,143 | -81,364 | 2,003 | 7,969 |
| 2007 | 3,211,484 | -77,338 | 1,584 | 6,244 |
| 2006 | 3,163,026 | -75,829 | 1,748 | 5,557 |
| 2005 | 3,149,551 | -76,784 | 1,721 | 6,310 |
| 2004 | 2,894,440 | -77,002 | 1,878 | 4,566 |
| 2003 | 3,037,698 | -97,732 | 1,220 | 5,581 |
| 2002 | 3,063,044 | -83,985 | 1,607 | 2,759 |
| 2001 | 3,066,275 | -64,255 | 1,766 | 3,427 |
| 2000 | 3,080,621 | -42,697 | 1,963 | 4,516 |
| 1999 | 3,137,133 | -28,799 | 1,808 | 4,666 |
| 1998 | 3,258,820 | -11,356 | 1,486 | 3,874 |
| 1997 | 3,338,243 | -4,334 | 1,552 | 3,711 |
| 1996 | 3,331,535 | -1,854 | 1,781 | 3,603 |
| 1995 | 3,304,550 | -1,643 | 1,634 | 4,385 |
| 1994 | 3,292,127 | -2,575 | 1,652 | 3,900 |
| 1993 | 3,287,348 | -3,485 | 1,470 | 4,055 |
| 1992 | 3,241,576 | -2,609 | 1,098 | 4,101 |
| 1991 | 3,288,791 | 3,096 | 1,239 | 4,067 |
| 1990 | 3,250,906 | 11,539 | 1,145 | 3,992 |
| 1989 | 3,316,792 | 19,905 | 679 | 2,999 |
| 1988 | 3,331,242 | 25,383 | 747 | 2,909 |
| 1987 | 3,304,520 | 26,705 | 222 | 2,200 |
| 1986 | 3,309,905 | 30,988 | 331 | 2,121 |
| 1985 | 3,419,412 | 37,451 | 74 | 1,067 |
| 1984 | 3,549,570 | 43,693 | 146 | 346 |
| 1983 | 3,558,949 | 47,375 | 37 | 376 |
| 1982 | 3,545,504 | 46,792 | 183 | 334 |
| 1981 | 3,497,244 | 44,710 | 329 | 443 |
| 1980 | 3,484,846 | 42,254 | 37 | 840 |
| 1979 | 3,460,621 | 43,900 | 72 | 670 |
| 1978 | 3,412,980 | 45,911 | -145 | 3,155 |
| 1977 | 3,334,779 | 45,610 | -36 | 2,830 |
| 1976 | 3,291,479 | 48,010 | -578 | 2,802 |
| 1975 | 3,263,794 | 56,386 | -395 | 2,794 |
| 1974 | 3,196,136 | 61,188 | -390 | 2,728 |
| 1973 | 3,210,643 | 64,991 | -421 | 2,673 |
| 1972 | 3,149,726 | 72,007 | -35 | 4,143 |
| 1971 | 3,111,304 | 79,264 | 69 | 4,274 |
| 1970 | 3,080,421 | 81,368 | 272 | 853 |
| 1969 | 3,034,825 | 82,955 | 303 | 833 |
| 1968 | 2,961,608 | 55,731 | 604 | 850 |
| 1967 | 2,909,981 | -80,138 | 837 | 752 |
| 1966 | 2,715,011 | -77,645 | 1,168 | 2,222 |
| 1965 | 2,278,891 | -61,145 | 1,260 | 2,203 |
| 1964 | 2,700,138 | 144,819 | 1,377 | 2,178 |
| 1963 | 2,609,526 | 110,166 | 1,199 | 2,080 |
| 1962 | 2,525,163 | 106,264 | 1,091 | 2,014 |
| 1961 | 2,434,113 | 103,628 | 1,489 | 1,969 |
| 1960 | 2,350,971 | 101,631 | 1,319 | 61 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/indonesia/luxembourg | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 98.8% of the population change in Indonesia is from natural causes (a gain of 24,548,978 people) and 1.17% is from migration (a loss of 290,739 people). In Luxembourg 17.4% is from natural causes (a gain of 20,025 people) and 82.6% is from migration (a gain of 94,895 people).
As of 2024, 445,726 residents or 0.2% of the population were not native-born in Indonesia, compared to 344,309 people or 51.2% in Luxembourg.
Biggest cities by population
|
Indonesia
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Jakarta | 11.1M |
| Bali | 4.36M |
| Surabaya | 3.01M |
| Bandung | 2.88M |
| Bekasi | 2.38M |
| Depok | 2.33M |
| Tangerang | 2.24M |
| Medan | 2.11M |
| South Tangerang | 1.64M |
| Semarang | 1.62M |
|
Luxembourg
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Luxembourg | 138K |
| Esch-sur-Alzette | 37.5K |
| Differdange | 30.4K |
| Dudelange | 22K |
| Petange | 20.9K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Indonesia and Luxembourg
|
Indonesia
|
Luxembourg
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 71.6 years | 82.6 years |
| Average age | 33.1 years | 40.7 years |
| Median age | 31.4 years | 40.5 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.2:49.8 | 50.4:49.6 |
| Fertility rate | 2.12 births per woman | 1.25 births per woman |
| Population density | 394 ppl/mi² | 698 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/indonesia/luxembourg | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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