The latest officially reported population of Eswatini was 1,256,174 in 2025 vs 255,219,554 people in Pakistan in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Eswatini's population is 1,276,995 people compared to 261,421,997 in Pakistan.
Population statistics:
- Pakistan's population is 204.7 times bigger than Eswatini's.
- Eswatini is ranked the 156th most populous country in the world, while Pakistan is the 5th.
- The countries together account for 3.16% of the world: 0.02% for Eswatini vs 3.15% for Pakistan.
- For the last 10 years, Eswatini has had an average growth rate of +0.92% per year vs +1.6% in Pakistan.
- Since 2006, the population of Eswatini has increased from 1.08M people to 1.28M (17.8% growth), while Pakistan has grown from 180M to 261M (45.5% growth).
Eswatini vs Pakistan: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Eswatini
|
Pakistan
|
|
| 2100 | 1,352,676 | 514,639,086 |
| 2099 | 1,361,771 | 513,762,873 |
| 2098 | 1,370,136 | 512,834,641 |
| 2097 | 1,378,294 | 511,842,588 |
| 2096 | 1,386,470 | 510,743,323 |
| 2095 | 1,394,685 | 509,544,194 |
| 2094 | 1,402,820 | 508,236,117 |
| 2093 | 1,410,707 | 506,871,405 |
| 2092 | 1,418,422 | 505,433,117 |
| 2091 | 1,426,384 | 503,929,591 |
| 2090 | 1,433,911 | 502,369,089 |
| 2089 | 1,441,481 | 500,764,988 |
| 2088 | 1,448,623 | 499,040,109 |
| 2087 | 1,455,625 | 497,294,229 |
| 2086 | 1,462,692 | 495,416,407 |
| 2085 | 1,469,955 | 493,469,269 |
| 2084 | 1,477,042 | 491,457,322 |
| 2083 | 1,483,569 | 489,327,293 |
| 2082 | 1,489,850 | 487,086,584 |
| 2081 | 1,495,270 | 484,774,651 |
| 2080 | 1,500,616 | 482,358,125 |
| 2079 | 1,505,611 | 479,913,540 |
| 2078 | 1,510,082 | 477,377,443 |
| 2077 | 1,514,879 | 474,692,907 |
| 2076 | 1,519,757 | 471,877,807 |
| 2075 | 1,524,151 | 468,953,317 |
| 2074 | 1,528,574 | 465,972,364 |
| 2073 | 1,532,275 | 462,907,667 |
| 2072 | 1,535,515 | 459,752,452 |
| 2071 | 1,538,642 | 456,518,761 |
| 2070 | 1,541,025 | 453,190,545 |
| 2069 | 1,543,544 | 449,749,441 |
| 2068 | 1,545,599 | 446,219,879 |
| 2067 | 1,547,340 | 442,632,987 |
| 2066 | 1,548,173 | 438,970,919 |
| 2065 | 1,548,989 | 435,260,675 |
| 2064 | 1,549,433 | 431,484,424 |
| 2063 | 1,549,585 | 427,665,121 |
| 2062 | 1,549,184 | 423,724,764 |
| 2061 | 1,548,383 | 419,759,602 |
| 2060 | 1,547,596 | 415,724,868 |
| 2059 | 1,545,737 | 411,662,239 |
| 2058 | 1,543,109 | 407,514,159 |
| 2057 | 1,540,394 | 403,318,028 |
| 2056 | 1,537,579 | 399,031,614 |
| 2055 | 1,534,469 | 394,728,055 |
| 2054 | 1,530,939 | 390,385,410 |
| 2053 | 1,526,664 | 386,003,289 |
| 2052 | 1,521,811 | 381,568,312 |
| 2051 | 1,516,286 | 377,096,921 |
| 2050 | 1,510,851 | 372,554,619 |
| 2049 | 1,504,429 | 367,986,189 |
| 2048 | 1,497,956 | 363,386,382 |
| 2047 | 1,491,300 | 358,734,325 |
| 2046 | 1,484,115 | 354,003,639 |
| 2045 | 1,476,270 | 349,228,953 |
| 2044 | 1,468,495 | 344,443,561 |
| 2043 | 1,460,344 | 339,631,894 |
| 2042 | 1,451,725 | 334,801,403 |
| 2041 | 1,442,112 | 329,944,530 |
| 2040 | 1,433,098 | 325,107,264 |
| 2039 | 1,423,349 | 320,203,920 |
| 2038 | 1,413,090 | 315,273,196 |
| 2037 | 1,403,127 | 310,377,446 |
| 2036 | 1,392,397 | 305,472,156 |
| 2035 | 1,381,536 | 300,604,245 |
| 2034 | 1,370,158 | 295,748,602 |
| 2033 | 1,358,179 | 290,911,874 |
| 2032 | 1,346,333 | 286,130,352 |
| 2031 | 1,334,598 | 281,410,647 |
| 2030 | 1,321,695 | 276,766,735 |
| 2029 | 1,309,323 | 272,246,760 |
| 2028 | 1,296,796 | 267,784,548 |
| 2027 | 1,283,692 | 263,445,027 |
| 2026 | 1,269,922 | 259,285,315 |
| 2025 | 1,256,174 | 255,219,554 |
| 2024 | 1,242,822 | 251,269,164 |
| 2023 | 1,230,506 | 247,504,495 |
| 2022 | 1,218,917 | 243,700,667 |
| 2021 | 1,206,593 | 239,477,801 |
| 2020 | 1,192,729 | 235,001,746 |
| 2019 | 1,179,874 | 230,800,899 |
| 2018 | 1,168,929 | 226,928,892 |
| 2017 | 1,158,195 | 223,273,967 |
| 2016 | 1,149,507 | 220,138,869 |
| 2015 | 1,142,813 | 217,290,883 |
| 2014 | 1,136,299 | 214,264,647 |
| 2013 | 1,129,990 | 211,073,978 |
| 2012 | 1,123,863 | 207,667,125 |
| 2011 | 1,117,833 | 203,746,065 |
| 2010 | 1,111,650 | 199,239,047 |
| 2009 | 1,105,153 | 194,376,534 |
| 2008 | 1,098,091 | 189,499,113 |
| 2007 | 1,090,705 | 184,493,231 |
| 2006 | 1,084,436 | 179,682,690 |
| 2005 | 1,079,022 | 175,453,212 |
| 2004 | 1,073,159 | 171,286,000 |
| 2003 | 1,066,700 | 167,110,248 |
| 2002 | 1,059,441 | 163,222,549 |
| 2001 | 1,051,064 | 159,270,907 |
| 2000 | 1,041,414 | 154,879,127 |
| 1999 | 1,030,782 | 150,565,377 |
| 1998 | 1,019,653 | 146,522,356 |
| 1997 | 1,006,635 | 142,531,804 |
| 1996 | 989,841 | 138,557,092 |
| 1995 | 970,433 | 134,582,253 |
| 1994 | 971,212 | 130,748,083 |
| 1993 | 971,318 | 127,020,117 |
| 1992 | 943,416 | 123,546,848 |
| 1991 | 908,189 | 120,060,406 |
| 1990 | 872,428 | 116,155,576 |
| 1989 | 837,800 | 112,336,629 |
| 1988 | 799,798 | 108,724,739 |
| 1987 | 763,811 | 105,130,717 |
| 1986 | 734,732 | 101,606,764 |
| 1985 | 706,196 | 98,229,285 |
| 1984 | 680,783 | 95,164,936 |
| 1983 | 658,957 | 92,227,711 |
| 1982 | 637,652 | 89,089,246 |
| 1981 | 616,808 | 85,802,049 |
| 1980 | 596,644 | 82,291,010 |
| 1979 | 577,199 | 78,997,039 |
| 1978 | 558,446 | 76,307,379 |
| 1977 | 540,348 | 73,901,827 |
| 1976 | 523,330 | 71,620,254 |
| 1975 | 507,673 | 69,461,175 |
| 1974 | 492,988 | 67,415,487 |
| 1973 | 479,038 | 65,461,912 |
| 1972 | 465,788 | 63,583,194 |
| 1971 | 453,183 | 61,847,899 |
| 1970 | 441,216 | 60,166,719 |
| 1969 | 429,875 | 58,460,939 |
| 1968 | 419,147 | 56,810,507 |
| 1967 | 409,031 | 55,214,768 |
| 1966 | 398,766 | 53,678,667 |
| 1965 | 388,336 | 52,209,010 |
| 1964 | 378,656 | 50,799,999 |
| 1963 | 369,759 | 49,447,776 |
| 1962 | 361,365 | 48,156,128 |
| 1961 | 353,264 | 46,921,277 |
| 1960 | 345,337 | 45,709,310 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/eswatini/pakistan | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Eswatini increased by 65,071 people (a 6% growth), while Pakistan gained 40,456,179 people (a 22.5% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Eswatini gained 127,488 people (a 11.1% growth), while Pakistan's population increased by 41,283,128 people (a 18.8% growth).
Eswatini was ranked 152nd most populous country in 2006 and is 156th in 2026. Pakistan was ranked 6th in 2006 and ranked 5th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Eswatini's population will grow by 18.3% to 1,510,851 people with a rank change from 156th to 154th. The population of Pakistan will increase by 42.5% to 372,554,619 people and rank change from 5th to 4th.
Eswatini is projected to reach its peak in 2063 at 1.55M people compared to the peak of 515M people in 2100 for Pakistan.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Eswatini
|
Pakistan
|
|
| 2100 | -0.67% | 0.17% |
| 2099 | -0.61% | 0.18% |
| 2098 | -0.59% | 0.19% |
| 2097 | -0.59% | 0.22% |
| 2096 | -0.59% | 0.24% |
| 2095 | -0.58% | 0.26% |
| 2094 | -0.56% | 0.27% |
| 2093 | -0.54% | 0.28% |
| 2092 | -0.56% | 0.3% |
| 2091 | -0.52% | 0.31% |
| 2090 | -0.53% | 0.32% |
| 2089 | -0.49% | 0.35% |
| 2088 | -0.48% | 0.35% |
| 2087 | -0.48% | 0.38% |
| 2086 | -0.49% | 0.39% |
| 2085 | -0.48% | 0.41% |
| 2084 | -0.44% | 0.44% |
| 2083 | -0.42% | 0.46% |
| 2082 | -0.36% | 0.48% |
| 2081 | -0.36% | 0.5% |
| 2080 | -0.33% | 0.51% |
| 2079 | -0.3% | 0.53% |
| 2078 | -0.32% | 0.57% |
| 2077 | -0.32% | 0.6% |
| 2076 | -0.29% | 0.62% |
| 2075 | -0.29% | 0.64% |
| 2074 | -0.24% | 0.66% |
| 2073 | -0.21% | 0.69% |
| 2072 | -0.2% | 0.71% |
| 2071 | -0.15% | 0.73% |
| 2070 | -0.16% | 0.77% |
| 2069 | -0.13% | 0.79% |
| 2068 | -0.11% | 0.81% |
| 2067 | -0.05% | 0.83% |
| 2066 | -0.05% | 0.85% |
| 2065 | -0.03% | 0.88% |
| 2064 | -0.01% | 0.89% |
| 2063 | 0.03% | 0.93% |
| 2062 | 0.05% | 0.94% |
| 2061 | 0.05% | 0.97% |
| 2060 | 0.12% | 0.99% |
| 2059 | 0.17% | 1.02% |
| 2058 | 0.18% | 1.04% |
| 2057 | 0.18% | 1.07% |
| 2056 | 0.2% | 1.09% |
| 2055 | 0.23% | 1.11% |
| 2054 | 0.28% | 1.14% |
| 2053 | 0.32% | 1.16% |
| 2052 | 0.36% | 1.19% |
| 2051 | 0.36% | 1.22% |
| 2050 | 0.43% | 1.24% |
| 2049 | 0.43% | 1.27% |
| 2048 | 0.45% | 1.3% |
| 2047 | 0.48% | 1.34% |
| 2046 | 0.53% | 1.37% |
| 2045 | 0.53% | 1.39% |
| 2044 | 0.56% | 1.42% |
| 2043 | 0.59% | 1.44% |
| 2042 | 0.67% | 1.47% |
| 2041 | 0.63% | 1.49% |
| 2040 | 0.68% | 1.53% |
| 2039 | 0.73% | 1.56% |
| 2038 | 0.71% | 1.58% |
| 2037 | 0.77% | 1.61% |
| 2036 | 0.79% | 1.62% |
| 2035 | 0.83% | 1.64% |
| 2034 | 0.88% | 1.66% |
| 2033 | 0.88% | 1.67% |
| 2032 | 0.88% | 1.68% |
| 2031 | 0.98% | 1.68% |
| 2030 | 0.94% | 1.66% |
| 2029 | 0.97% | 1.67% |
| 2028 | 1.02% | 1.65% |
| 2027 | 1.08% | 1.6% |
| 2026 | 1.09% | 1.59% |
| 2025 | 1.07% | 1.57% |
| 2024 | 1% | 1.52% |
| 2023 | 0.95% | 1.56% |
| 2022 | 1.02% | 1.76% |
| 2021 | 1.16% | 1.9% |
| 2020 | 1.09% | 1.82% |
| 2019 | 0.94% | 1.71% |
| 2018 | 0.93% | 1.64% |
| 2017 | 0.76% | 1.42% |
| 2016 | 0.59% | 1.31% |
| 2015 | 0.57% | 1.41% |
| 2014 | 0.56% | 1.51% |
| 2013 | 0.55% | 1.64% |
| 2012 | 0.54% | 1.92% |
| 2011 | 0.56% | 2.26% |
| 2010 | 0.59% | 2.5% |
| 2009 | 0.64% | 2.57% |
| 2008 | 0.68% | 2.71% |
| 2007 | 0.58% | 2.68% |
| 2006 | 0.5% | 2.41% |
| 2005 | 0.55% | 2.43% |
| 2004 | 0.61% | 2.5% |
| 2003 | 0.69% | 2.38% |
| 2002 | 0.8% | 2.48% |
| 2001 | 0.93% | 2.84% |
| 2000 | 1.03% | 2.87% |
| 1999 | 1.09% | 2.76% |
| 1998 | 1.29% | 2.8% |
| 1997 | 1.7% | 2.87% |
| 1996 | 2% | 2.95% |
| 1995 | -0.08% | 2.93% |
| 1994 | -0.01% | 2.93% |
| 1993 | 2.96% | 2.81% |
| 1992 | 3.88% | 2.9% |
| 1991 | 4.1% | 3.36% |
| 1990 | 4.13% | 3.4% |
| 1989 | 4.75% | 3.32% |
| 1988 | 4.71% | 3.42% |
| 1987 | 3.96% | 3.47% |
| 1986 | 4.04% | 3.44% |
| 1985 | 3.73% | 3.22% |
| 1984 | 3.31% | 3.18% |
| 1983 | 3.34% | 3.52% |
| 1982 | 3.38% | 3.83% |
| 1981 | 3.38% | 4.27% |
| 1980 | 3.37% | 4.17% |
| 1979 | 3.36% | 3.52% |
| 1978 | 3.35% | 3.26% |
| 1977 | 3.25% | 3.19% |
| 1976 | 3.08% | 3.11% |
| 1975 | 2.98% | 3.03% |
| 1974 | 2.91% | 2.98% |
| 1973 | 2.84% | 2.95% |
| 1972 | 2.78% | 2.81% |
| 1971 | 2.71% | 2.79% |
| 1970 | 2.64% | 2.92% |
| 1969 | 2.56% | 2.91% |
| 1968 | 2.47% | 2.89% |
| 1967 | 2.57% | 2.86% |
| 1966 | 2.69% | 2.81% |
| 1965 | 2.56% | 2.77% |
| 1964 | 2.41% | 2.73% |
| 1963 | 2.32% | 2.68% |
| 1962 | 2.29% | 2.63% |
| 1961 | 2.3% | 2.65% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/eswatini/pakistan | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Eswatini grew by 1.07%, while Pakistan's population grew by 1.57%.
Live population counters
|
Eswatini
|
Pakistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
1276995
|
261421997
|
| Population rank | 156/197 | 5/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.02% | 3.15% |
| One net population change |
39.5 minutes
|
8.01 seconds
|
| One birth every |
17.9 minutes
|
4.58 seconds
|
| One death every |
54.7 minutes
|
19.5 seconds
|
| Daily growth/decline | +37 | +10,823 |
| Annual growth/decline | +13,352 | +3,950,390 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +1.07% | +1.57% |
| Population growth rate rank | 95/197 | 66/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.52 hours
|
25.6 seconds
|
| Annual migration change | -5,775 | -1,235,336 |
| Net migration rank | 121/196 | 196/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 33,268 | 4,175,958 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 161/195 | 16/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 2.7% | 1.7% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 121/195 | 141/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Eswatini
|
Pakistan
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -5,775 | - | -1,235,336 |
| 2024 | 19,782 | -6,754 | 5,268,361 | -1,401,173 |
| 2023 | 20,147 | -8,549 | 5,281,745 | -1,619,557 |
| 2022 | 20,125 | -8,549 | 5,268,077 | -1,322,625 |
| 2021 | 17,314 | -4,242 | 5,065,913 | -565,673 |
| 2020 | 18,899 | -4,242 | 5,011,177 | -559,291 |
| 2019 | 19,488 | -8,439 | 5,127,011 | -1,177,220 |
| 2018 | 19,392 | -8,546 | 5,103,858 | -1,309,611 |
| 2017 | 19,278 | -8,658 | 5,090,200 | -1,574,585 |
| 2016 | 19,233 | -12,481 | 5,044,922 | -2,290,411 |
| 2015 | 19,223 | -12,582 | 5,113,507 | -2,172,162 |
| 2014 | 19,107 | -12,724 | 5,148,994 | -2,037,920 |
| 2013 | 18,903 | -12,664 | 5,176,590 | -1,906,319 |
| 2012 | 18,308 | -12,294 | 5,191,263 | -1,647,989 |
| 2011 | 17,645 | -11,596 | 5,189,412 | -890,633 |
| 2010 | 17,652 | -11,334 | 5,147,142 | -431,902 |
| 2009 | 17,656 | -10,989 | 5,028,132 | -18,298 |
| 2008 | 17,275 | -9,822 | 4,885,855 | -140,746 |
| 2007 | 16,595 | -9,271 | 4,690,187 | 576,349 |
| 2006 | 16,133 | -10,923 | 4,538,426 | -183,933 |
| 2005 | 15,945 | -10,330 | 4,294,393 | -189,899 |
| 2004 | 15,979 | -9,863 | 4,294,654 | -64,669 |
| 2003 | 16,396 | -9,595 | 4,340,688 | -219,118 |
| 2002 | 16,924 | -9,209 | 4,307,607 | -653,758 |
| 2001 | 17,824 | -8,788 | 4,304,297 | -54,727 |
| 2000 | 18,830 | -8,563 | 4,281,169 | 252,869 |
| 1999 | 19,420 | -8,421 | 4,228,026 | -134,510 |
| 1998 | 19,762 | -8,505 | 4,104,824 | -112,191 |
| 1997 | 20,686 | -5,911 | 4,043,912 | -55,539 |
| 1996 | 21,858 | -3,049 | 4,021,758 | -60,855 |
| 1995 | 23,029 | -3,023 | 3,977,175 | 11,534 |
| 1994 | 26,703 | -48,259 | 3,956,699 | -277,100 |
| 1993 | 28,046 | -6,692 | 3,915,776 | -139,493 |
| 1992 | 28,446 | 6,011 | 3,888,637 | -718,387 |
| 1991 | 28,497 | 7,496 | 3,822,363 | -19,668 |
| 1990 | 28,349 | 7,169 | 3,731,730 | 275,242 |
| 1989 | 28,257 | 5,477 | 3,648,132 | -17,164 |
| 1988 | 27,396 | 14,879 | 3,554,755 | 38,139 |
| 1987 | 27,285 | 2,417 | 3,448,813 | 146,364 |
| 1986 | 27,096 | 1,353 | 3,341,643 | 111,045 |
| 1985 | 26,835 | 1,792 | 3,233,315 | 68,860 |
| 1984 | 26,149 | -3,949 | 3,145,772 | -319,242 |
| 1983 | 24,883 | -3,429 | 3,052,738 | -4,753 |
| 1982 | 24,742 | -3,574 | 2,934,689 | 294,252 |
| 1981 | 23,973 | -3,464 | 2,790,454 | 555,032 |
| 1980 | 23,153 | -3,350 | 2,598,421 | 1,078,229 |
| 1979 | 22,299 | -3,210 | 2,461,311 | 450,003 |
| 1978 | 21,466 | -3,040 | 2,356,601 | 111,386 |
| 1977 | 20,609 | -2,838 | 2,257,849 | 85,250 |
| 1976 | 19,734 | -3,469 | 2,171,812 | 48,238 |
| 1975 | 18,849 | -3,794 | 2,099,811 | -1,710 |
| 1974 | 17,971 | -3,665 | 2,028,061 | -34,785 |
| 1973 | 17,145 | -3,555 | 1,971,909 | -58,012 |
| 1972 | 16,353 | -3,435 | 1,912,774 | -69,209 |
| 1971 | 15,615 | -3,325 | 1,695,374 | -68,357 |
| 1970 | 14,873 | -3,230 | 1,793,570 | -58,281 |
| 1969 | 14,164 | -3,127 | 1,733,601 | -57,406 |
| 1968 | 13,449 | -3,029 | 1,683,296 | -58,721 |
| 1967 | 12,773 | -2,964 | 1,626,737 | -59,932 |
| 1966 | 12,282 | -1,557 | 1,566,343 | -61,025 |
| 1965 | 11,719 | -1,578 | 1,496,050 | -62,070 |
| 1964 | 11,266 | -2,049 | 1,447,394 | -63,298 |
| 1963 | 10,929 | -2,358 | 1,384,934 | -64,552 |
| 1962 | 10,601 | -2,390 | 1,328,675 | -65,780 |
| 1961 | 10,262 | -2,270 | 1,273,772 | -66,991 |
| 1960 | 9,947 | -2,082 | 1,217,147 | 0 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/eswatini/pakistan | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 69.9% of the population change in Eswatini is from natural causes (a gain of 192,881 people) and 30.1% is from migration (a loss of 83,042 people). In Pakistan 78.6% is from natural causes (a gain of 51,374,771 people) and 21.4% is from migration (a loss of 13,992,308 people).
As of 2024, 33,268 residents or 2.7% of the population were not native-born in Eswatini, compared to 4,175,958 people or 1.7% in Pakistan.
Biggest cities by population
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Population differences between Eswatini and Pakistan
|
Eswatini
|
Pakistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 64.5 years | 68.1 years |
| Average age | 26.7 years | 25.8 years |
| Median age | 23.5 years | 21.6 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.1:50.9 | 50.7:49.3 |
| Fertility rate | 2.72 births per woman | 3.55 births per woman |
| Population density | 191.2 ppl/mi² | 871 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/eswatini/pakistan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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