The latest officially reported population of Eswatini was 1,242,822 in 2024 vs 1,824,359 people in North Macedonia in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Eswatini's population is 1,273,390 people compared to 1,805,954 in North Macedonia.
Population statistics:
- North Macedonia's population is 1.42 times bigger than Eswatini's.
- Eswatini is ranked the 156th most populous country in the world, while North Macedonia is the 150th.
- The countries together account for 0.04% of the world: 0.02% for Eswatini vs 0.02% for North Macedonia.
- For the last 10 years, Eswatini has had an average growth rate of +0.87% per year vs -0.48% in North Macedonia.
- Since 2006, the population of Eswatini has increased from 1.08M people to 1.27M (17.4% growth), while North Macedonia has declined from 1.99M to 1.81M (9.44% decline).
Eswatini vs North Macedonia: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Eswatini
|
North Macedonia
|
|
| 2100 | 1,352,404 | 866,884 |
| 2099 | 1,361,498 | 877,788 |
| 2098 | 1,369,861 | 888,715 |
| 2097 | 1,378,017 | 899,716 |
| 2096 | 1,386,191 | 910,709 |
| 2095 | 1,394,405 | 921,559 |
| 2094 | 1,402,538 | 932,633 |
| 2093 | 1,410,423 | 943,984 |
| 2092 | 1,418,137 | 955,335 |
| 2091 | 1,426,097 | 966,773 |
| 2090 | 1,433,623 | 978,130 |
| 2089 | 1,441,192 | 989,666 |
| 2088 | 1,448,332 | 1,001,224 |
| 2087 | 1,455,333 | 1,012,831 |
| 2086 | 1,462,398 | 1,024,787 |
| 2085 | 1,469,660 | 1,036,668 |
| 2084 | 1,476,745 | 1,048,876 |
| 2083 | 1,483,271 | 1,061,031 |
| 2082 | 1,489,551 | 1,073,408 |
| 2081 | 1,494,969 | 1,085,823 |
| 2080 | 1,500,315 | 1,098,127 |
| 2079 | 1,505,309 | 1,110,614 |
| 2078 | 1,509,779 | 1,123,398 |
| 2077 | 1,514,574 | 1,136,448 |
| 2076 | 1,519,452 | 1,149,787 |
| 2075 | 1,523,845 | 1,163,080 |
| 2074 | 1,528,267 | 1,176,671 |
| 2073 | 1,531,967 | 1,190,351 |
| 2072 | 1,535,206 | 1,204,015 |
| 2071 | 1,538,333 | 1,217,691 |
| 2070 | 1,540,715 | 1,231,978 |
| 2069 | 1,543,234 | 1,246,408 |
| 2068 | 1,545,288 | 1,260,869 |
| 2067 | 1,547,029 | 1,275,289 |
| 2066 | 1,547,862 | 1,289,439 |
| 2065 | 1,548,678 | 1,303,917 |
| 2064 | 1,549,121 | 1,318,161 |
| 2063 | 1,549,274 | 1,332,807 |
| 2062 | 1,548,873 | 1,347,540 |
| 2061 | 1,548,072 | 1,362,299 |
| 2060 | 1,547,285 | 1,376,807 |
| 2059 | 1,545,426 | 1,390,921 |
| 2058 | 1,542,799 | 1,404,982 |
| 2057 | 1,540,085 | 1,419,185 |
| 2056 | 1,537,270 | 1,433,595 |
| 2055 | 1,534,161 | 1,447,857 |
| 2054 | 1,530,631 | 1,462,210 |
| 2053 | 1,526,357 | 1,476,351 |
| 2052 | 1,521,506 | 1,489,905 |
| 2051 | 1,515,982 | 1,503,526 |
| 2050 | 1,510,547 | 1,516,629 |
| 2049 | 1,504,126 | 1,529,608 |
| 2048 | 1,497,656 | 1,542,390 |
| 2047 | 1,491,001 | 1,555,085 |
| 2046 | 1,483,817 | 1,568,151 |
| 2045 | 1,475,974 | 1,581,115 |
| 2044 | 1,468,200 | 1,593,878 |
| 2043 | 1,460,050 | 1,606,930 |
| 2042 | 1,451,433 | 1,619,941 |
| 2041 | 1,441,822 | 1,632,704 |
| 2040 | 1,432,811 | 1,645,446 |
| 2039 | 1,423,063 | 1,658,034 |
| 2038 | 1,412,806 | 1,670,347 |
| 2037 | 1,402,845 | 1,682,850 |
| 2036 | 1,392,117 | 1,695,204 |
| 2035 | 1,381,258 | 1,707,302 |
| 2034 | 1,369,883 | 1,719,193 |
| 2033 | 1,357,906 | 1,730,723 |
| 2032 | 1,346,063 | 1,742,288 |
| 2031 | 1,334,330 | 1,753,729 |
| 2030 | 1,321,430 | 1,765,162 |
| 2029 | 1,309,060 | 1,775,815 |
| 2028 | 1,296,535 | 1,786,051 |
| 2027 | 1,283,434 | 1,795,945 |
| 2026 | 1,269,667 | 1,805,954 |
| 2025 | 1,255,921 | 1,815,368 |
| 2024 | 1,242,822 | 1,824,359 |
| 2023 | 1,230,506 | 1,827,816 |
| 2022 | 1,218,917 | 1,831,712 |
| 2021 | 1,206,593 | 1,837,114 |
| 2020 | 1,192,729 | 1,856,124 |
| 2019 | 1,179,874 | 1,876,262 |
| 2018 | 1,168,929 | 1,889,051 |
| 2017 | 1,158,195 | 1,898,657 |
| 2016 | 1,149,507 | 1,906,313 |
| 2015 | 1,142,813 | 1,912,430 |
| 2014 | 1,136,299 | 1,917,557 |
| 2013 | 1,129,990 | 1,922,716 |
| 2012 | 1,123,863 | 1,929,821 |
| 2011 | 1,117,833 | 1,937,398 |
| 2010 | 1,111,650 | 1,946,298 |
| 2009 | 1,105,153 | 1,958,782 |
| 2008 | 1,098,091 | 1,971,493 |
| 2007 | 1,090,705 | 1,982,933 |
| 2006 | 1,084,436 | 1,994,287 |
| 2005 | 1,079,022 | 2,005,330 |
| 2004 | 1,073,159 | 2,016,186 |
| 2003 | 1,066,700 | 2,022,725 |
| 2002 | 1,059,441 | 2,020,157 |
| 2001 | 1,051,064 | 2,034,882 |
| 2000 | 1,041,414 | 2,026,350 |
| 1999 | 1,030,782 | 2,017,142 |
| 1998 | 1,019,653 | 2,007,523 |
| 1997 | 1,006,635 | 1,996,869 |
| 1996 | 989,841 | 2,012,553 |
| 1995 | 970,433 | 1,998,534 |
| 1994 | 971,212 | 1,992,666 |
| 1993 | 971,318 | 2,006,854 |
| 1992 | 943,416 | 2,032,523 |
| 1991 | 908,189 | 2,055,994 |
| 1990 | 872,428 | 2,063,689 |
| 1989 | 837,800 | 2,055,649 |
| 1988 | 799,798 | 2,045,737 |
| 1987 | 763,811 | 2,035,157 |
| 1986 | 734,732 | 2,024,732 |
| 1985 | 706,196 | 2,014,331 |
| 1984 | 680,783 | 2,003,399 |
| 1983 | 658,957 | 1,991,901 |
| 1982 | 637,652 | 1,978,956 |
| 1981 | 616,808 | 1,959,065 |
| 1980 | 596,644 | 1,933,038 |
| 1979 | 577,199 | 1,906,523 |
| 1978 | 558,446 | 1,879,847 |
| 1977 | 540,348 | 1,853,138 |
| 1976 | 523,330 | 1,825,830 |
| 1975 | 507,673 | 1,797,972 |
| 1974 | 492,988 | 1,770,545 |
| 1973 | 479,038 | 1,743,816 |
| 1972 | 465,788 | 1,717,395 |
| 1971 | 453,183 | 1,691,216 |
| 1970 | 441,216 | 1,664,208 |
| 1969 | 429,875 | 1,636,345 |
| 1968 | 419,147 | 1,608,930 |
| 1967 | 409,031 | 1,582,492 |
| 1966 | 398,766 | 1,557,349 |
| 1965 | 388,336 | 1,533,466 |
| 1964 | 378,656 | 1,510,900 |
| 1963 | 369,759 | 1,488,737 |
| 1962 | 361,365 | 1,471,745 |
| 1961 | 353,264 | 1,455,171 |
| 1960 | 345,337 | 1,435,059 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/eswatini/north-macedonia | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Eswatini increased by 65,071 people (a 6% growth), while North Macedonia lost 87,974 people (a 4.41% decline).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Eswatini gained 123,883 people (a 10.8% growth), while North Macedonia's population decreased by 100,359 people (a 5.26% decline).
Eswatini was ranked 152nd most populous country in 2006 and is 156th in 2026. North Macedonia was ranked 142nd in 2006 and ranked 150th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Eswatini's population will grow by 18.6% to 1,510,547 people with a rank change from 156th to 154th. The population of North Macedonia will decrease by 16% to 1,516,629 people and rank change from 150th to 152nd.
Eswatini is projected to reach its peak in 2063 at 1.55M people, while North Macedonia's population already peaked in 1990 at 2.06M people and is projected to decrease to 867K people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Eswatini
|
North Macedonia
|
|
| 2100 | -0.67% | -1.24% |
| 2099 | -0.61% | -1.23% |
| 2098 | -0.59% | -1.22% |
| 2097 | -0.59% | -1.21% |
| 2096 | -0.59% | -1.18% |
| 2095 | -0.58% | -1.19% |
| 2094 | -0.56% | -1.2% |
| 2093 | -0.54% | -1.19% |
| 2092 | -0.56% | -1.18% |
| 2091 | -0.52% | -1.16% |
| 2090 | -0.53% | -1.17% |
| 2089 | -0.49% | -1.15% |
| 2088 | -0.48% | -1.15% |
| 2087 | -0.48% | -1.17% |
| 2086 | -0.49% | -1.15% |
| 2085 | -0.48% | -1.16% |
| 2084 | -0.44% | -1.15% |
| 2083 | -0.42% | -1.15% |
| 2082 | -0.36% | -1.14% |
| 2081 | -0.36% | -1.12% |
| 2080 | -0.33% | -1.12% |
| 2079 | -0.3% | -1.14% |
| 2078 | -0.32% | -1.15% |
| 2077 | -0.32% | -1.16% |
| 2076 | -0.29% | -1.14% |
| 2075 | -0.29% | -1.15% |
| 2074 | -0.24% | -1.15% |
| 2073 | -0.21% | -1.13% |
| 2072 | -0.2% | -1.12% |
| 2071 | -0.15% | -1.16% |
| 2070 | -0.16% | -1.16% |
| 2069 | -0.13% | -1.15% |
| 2068 | -0.11% | -1.13% |
| 2067 | -0.05% | -1.1% |
| 2066 | -0.05% | -1.11% |
| 2065 | -0.03% | -1.08% |
| 2064 | -0.01% | -1.1% |
| 2063 | 0.03% | -1.09% |
| 2062 | 0.05% | -1.08% |
| 2061 | 0.05% | -1.05% |
| 2060 | 0.12% | -1.01% |
| 2059 | 0.17% | -1% |
| 2058 | 0.18% | -1% |
| 2057 | 0.18% | -1.01% |
| 2056 | 0.2% | -0.99% |
| 2055 | 0.23% | -0.98% |
| 2054 | 0.28% | -0.96% |
| 2053 | 0.32% | -0.91% |
| 2052 | 0.36% | -0.91% |
| 2051 | 0.36% | -0.86% |
| 2050 | 0.43% | -0.85% |
| 2049 | 0.43% | -0.83% |
| 2048 | 0.45% | -0.82% |
| 2047 | 0.48% | -0.83% |
| 2046 | 0.53% | -0.82% |
| 2045 | 0.53% | -0.8% |
| 2044 | 0.56% | -0.81% |
| 2043 | 0.59% | -0.8% |
| 2042 | 0.67% | -0.78% |
| 2041 | 0.63% | -0.77% |
| 2040 | 0.68% | -0.76% |
| 2039 | 0.73% | -0.74% |
| 2038 | 0.71% | -0.74% |
| 2037 | 0.77% | -0.73% |
| 2036 | 0.79% | -0.71% |
| 2035 | 0.83% | -0.69% |
| 2034 | 0.88% | -0.67% |
| 2033 | 0.88% | -0.66% |
| 2032 | 0.88% | -0.65% |
| 2031 | 0.98% | -0.65% |
| 2030 | 0.94% | -0.6% |
| 2029 | 0.97% | -0.57% |
| 2028 | 1.02% | -0.55% |
| 2027 | 1.08% | -0.55% |
| 2026 | 1.09% | -0.52% |
| 2025 | 1.05% | -0.49% |
| 2024 | 1% | -0.19% |
| 2023 | 0.95% | -0.21% |
| 2022 | 1.02% | -0.29% |
| 2021 | 1.16% | -1.02% |
| 2020 | 1.09% | -1.07% |
| 2019 | 0.94% | -0.68% |
| 2018 | 0.93% | -0.51% |
| 2017 | 0.76% | -0.4% |
| 2016 | 0.59% | -0.32% |
| 2015 | 0.57% | -0.27% |
| 2014 | 0.56% | -0.27% |
| 2013 | 0.55% | -0.37% |
| 2012 | 0.54% | -0.39% |
| 2011 | 0.56% | -0.46% |
| 2010 | 0.59% | -0.64% |
| 2009 | 0.64% | -0.64% |
| 2008 | 0.68% | -0.58% |
| 2007 | 0.58% | -0.57% |
| 2006 | 0.5% | -0.55% |
| 2005 | 0.55% | -0.54% |
| 2004 | 0.61% | -0.32% |
| 2003 | 0.69% | 0.13% |
| 2002 | 0.8% | -0.72% |
| 2001 | 0.93% | 0.42% |
| 2000 | 1.03% | 0.46% |
| 1999 | 1.09% | 0.48% |
| 1998 | 1.29% | 0.53% |
| 1997 | 1.7% | -0.78% |
| 1996 | 2% | 0.7% |
| 1995 | -0.08% | 0.29% |
| 1994 | -0.01% | -0.71% |
| 1993 | 2.96% | -1.26% |
| 1992 | 3.88% | -1.14% |
| 1991 | 4.1% | -0.37% |
| 1990 | 4.13% | 0.39% |
| 1989 | 4.75% | 0.48% |
| 1988 | 4.71% | 0.52% |
| 1987 | 3.96% | 0.51% |
| 1986 | 4.04% | 0.52% |
| 1985 | 3.73% | 0.55% |
| 1984 | 3.31% | 0.58% |
| 1983 | 3.34% | 0.65% |
| 1982 | 3.38% | 1.02% |
| 1981 | 3.38% | 1.35% |
| 1980 | 3.37% | 1.39% |
| 1979 | 3.36% | 1.42% |
| 1978 | 3.35% | 1.44% |
| 1977 | 3.25% | 1.5% |
| 1976 | 3.08% | 1.55% |
| 1975 | 2.98% | 1.55% |
| 1974 | 2.91% | 1.53% |
| 1973 | 2.84% | 1.54% |
| 1972 | 2.78% | 1.55% |
| 1971 | 2.71% | 1.62% |
| 1970 | 2.64% | 1.7% |
| 1969 | 2.56% | 1.7% |
| 1968 | 2.47% | 1.67% |
| 1967 | 2.57% | 1.61% |
| 1966 | 2.69% | 1.56% |
| 1965 | 2.56% | 1.49% |
| 1964 | 2.41% | 1.49% |
| 1963 | 2.32% | 1.15% |
| 1962 | 2.29% | 1.14% |
| 1961 | 2.3% | 1.4% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/eswatini/north-macedonia | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Eswatini grew by 1%, while North Macedonia's population declined by 0.19%.
Live population counters
|
Eswatini
|
North Macedonia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
1273390
|
1805954
|
| Population rank | 156/197 | 150/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.02% | 0.02% |
| One net population change |
42.7 minutes
|
2.53 hours
|
| One birth every |
17.7 minutes
|
31.3 minutes
|
| One death every |
55.5 minutes
|
26.1 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +34 | -9 |
| Annual growth/decline | +12,316 | -3,457 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +1% | -0.19% |
| Population growth rate rank | 101/197 | 176/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.52 hours
|
1.56 hours
|
| Annual migration change | -5,775 | -5,645 |
| Net migration rank | 121/196 | 119/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 33,268 | 150,902 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 161/195 | 122/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 2.7% | 8.3% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 121/195 | 73/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Eswatini
|
North Macedonia
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -5,775 | - | -5,645 |
| 2024 | - | -6,754 | - | -5,728 |
| 2023 | 20,147 | -8,549 | -3,290 | -5,597 |
| 2022 | 20,125 | -8,549 | -4,397 | -5,296 |
| 2021 | 17,314 | -4,242 | -9,737 | -5,483 |
| 2020 | 18,899 | -4,242 | -5,939 | -23,458 |
| 2019 | 19,488 | -8,439 | -375 | -24,204 |
| 2018 | 19,392 | -8,546 | 1,512 | -24,878 |
| 2017 | 19,278 | -8,658 | 1,329 | -24,227 |
| 2016 | 19,233 | -12,481 | 2,374 | -24,144 |
| 2015 | 19,223 | -12,582 | 2,294 | -23,010 |
| 2014 | 19,107 | -12,724 | 3,644 | -22,132 |
| 2013 | 18,903 | -12,664 | 3,653 | -20,297 |
| 2012 | 18,308 | -12,294 | 3,087 | -19,083 |
| 2011 | 17,645 | -11,596 | 3,100 | -17,871 |
| 2010 | 17,652 | -11,334 | 4,866 | -16,668 |
| 2009 | 17,656 | -10,989 | 4,309 | -15,455 |
| 2008 | 17,275 | -9,822 | 3,746 | -17,645 |
| 2007 | 16,595 | -9,271 | 2,974 | -15,705 |
| 2006 | 16,133 | -10,923 | 3,988 | -9,632 |
| 2005 | 15,945 | -10,330 | 4,011 | -2,244 |
| 2004 | 15,979 | -9,863 | 5,444 | -2,640 |
| 2003 | 16,396 | -9,595 | 8,900 | -2,880 |
| 2002 | 16,924 | -9,209 | 9,697 | -2,858 |
| 2001 | 17,824 | -8,788 | 10,174 | -922 |
| 2000 | 18,830 | -8,563 | 12,159 | -2,824 |
| 1999 | 19,420 | -8,421 | 10,489 | -1,261 |
| 1998 | 19,762 | -8,505 | 12,446 | -589 |
| 1997 | 20,686 | -5,911 | 12,979 | -477 |
| 1996 | 21,858 | -3,049 | 14,806 | -397 |
| 1995 | 23,029 | -3,023 | 17,239 | -3,603 |
| 1994 | 26,703 | -48,259 | 19,103 | -21,006 |
| 1993 | 28,046 | -6,692 | 20,797 | -47,273 |
| 1992 | 28,446 | 6,011 | 21,659 | -46,509 |
| 1991 | 28,497 | 7,496 | 23,387 | -45,484 |
| 1990 | 28,349 | 7,169 | 22,868 | -16,174 |
| 1989 | 28,257 | 5,477 | 22,912 | -13,528 |
| 1988 | 27,396 | 14,879 | 24,064 | -13,621 |
| 1987 | 27,285 | 2,417 | 24,359 | -13,635 |
| 1986 | 27,096 | 1,353 | 23,720 | -13,589 |
| 1985 | 26,835 | 1,792 | 24,167 | -13,492 |
| 1984 | 26,149 | -3,949 | 24,436 | -13,251 |
| 1983 | 24,883 | -3,429 | 24,690 | -12,884 |
| 1982 | 24,742 | -3,574 | 25,810 | -11,716 |
| 1981 | 23,973 | -3,464 | 25,689 | 0 |
| 1980 | 23,153 | -3,350 | 26,547 | -189 |
| 1979 | 22,299 | -3,210 | 27,096 | -426 |
| 1978 | 21,466 | -3,040 | 27,150 | -462 |
| 1977 | 20,609 | -2,838 | 27,410 | -683 |
| 1976 | 19,734 | -3,469 | 28,799 | -911 |
| 1975 | 18,849 | -3,794 | 28,983 | -1,147 |
| 1974 | 17,971 | -3,665 | 28,400 | -1,376 |
| 1973 | 17,145 | -3,555 | 28,032 | -1,600 |
| 1972 | 16,353 | -3,435 | 28,236 | -1,834 |
| 1971 | 15,615 | -3,325 | 28,010 | -2,064 |
| 1970 | 14,873 | -3,230 | 28,022 | 60 |
| 1969 | 14,164 | -3,127 | 27,464 | 181 |
| 1968 | 13,449 | -3,029 | 28,378 | -1,201 |
| 1967 | 12,773 | -2,964 | 28,401 | -2,696 |
| 1966 | 12,282 | -1,557 | 28,766 | -4,176 |
| 1965 | 11,719 | -1,578 | 28,564 | -5,385 |
| 1964 | 11,266 | -2,049 | 27,889 | -5,938 |
| 1963 | 10,929 | -2,358 | 28,124 | -5,759 |
| 1962 | 10,601 | -2,390 | 25,317 | -13,702 |
| 1961 | 10,262 | -2,270 | 27,846 | -6,309 |
| 1960 | 9,947 | -2,082 | 28,816 | -10,126 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/eswatini/north-macedonia | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 68.3% of the population change in Eswatini is from natural causes (a gain of 192,206 people) and 31.7% is from migration (a loss of 89,012 people). In North Macedonia 6.45% is from natural causes (a loss of 12,585 people) and 93.5% is from migration (a loss of 182,429 people).
As of 2024, 33,268 residents or 2.7% of the population were not native-born in Eswatini, compared to 150,902 people or 8.3% in North Macedonia.
Biggest cities by population
|
Eswatini
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Manzini | 111K |
| Mbabane | 76.2K |
|
North Macedonia
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Skopje | 423K |
| Kumanovo | 70.8K |
| Bitola | 69.3K |
| Prilep | 63.3K |
| Tetovo | 63.2K |
| Stip | 42K |
| Veles | 40.7K |
| Ohrid | 38.8K |
| Strumica | 33.8K |
| Kavadarci | 32K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Eswatini and North Macedonia
|
Eswatini
|
North Macedonia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 64.5 years | 77.8 years |
| Average age | 26.5 years | 41.2 years |
| Median age | 23.2 years | 41.6 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.1:50.9 | 48.6:51.4 |
| Fertility rate | 2.75 births per woman | 1.5 births per woman |
| Population density | 191.2 ppl/mi² | 185.5 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/eswatini/north-macedonia | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.