The latest officially reported population of Taiwan was 23,331,886 in 2025 vs 10,590,927 people in Tajikistan in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Taiwan's population is 23,229,461 people compared to 11,038,274 in Tajikistan.
Population statistics:
- Taiwan's population is 2.1 times bigger than Tajikistan's.
- Taiwan is ranked the 60th most populous country in the world, while Tajikistan is the 88th.
- The countries together account for 0.41% of the world: 0.28% for Taiwan vs 0.13% for Tajikistan.
- For the last 10 years, Taiwan has had an average growth rate of -0.03% per year vs +2.33% in Tajikistan.
- Since 2006, the population of Taiwan has increased from 22.8M people to 23.2M (1.78% growth), while Tajikistan has grown from 7.06M to 11M (56.4% growth).
Taiwan vs Tajikistan: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Taiwan
|
Tajikistan
|
|
| 2100 | 10,150,338 | 20,390,053 |
| 2099 | 10,273,881 | 20,381,074 |
| 2098 | 10,399,680 | 20,367,161 |
| 2097 | 10,527,804 | 20,348,897 |
| 2096 | 10,657,536 | 20,324,869 |
| 2095 | 10,789,978 | 20,297,885 |
| 2094 | 10,925,075 | 20,265,966 |
| 2093 | 11,062,491 | 20,234,160 |
| 2092 | 11,202,670 | 20,192,937 |
| 2091 | 11,346,131 | 20,148,873 |
| 2090 | 11,494,369 | 20,103,798 |
| 2089 | 11,644,743 | 20,056,079 |
| 2088 | 11,799,177 | 20,005,521 |
| 2087 | 11,956,109 | 19,950,317 |
| 2086 | 12,116,149 | 19,895,606 |
| 2085 | 12,281,248 | 19,836,988 |
| 2084 | 12,451,872 | 19,773,272 |
| 2083 | 12,625,681 | 19,706,082 |
| 2082 | 12,803,442 | 19,639,516 |
| 2081 | 12,986,931 | 19,572,596 |
| 2080 | 13,174,137 | 19,499,390 |
| 2079 | 13,366,920 | 19,425,502 |
| 2078 | 13,564,788 | 19,347,261 |
| 2077 | 13,765,770 | 19,265,447 |
| 2076 | 13,969,802 | 19,175,355 |
| 2075 | 14,178,904 | 19,083,859 |
| 2074 | 14,391,331 | 18,988,290 |
| 2073 | 14,606,033 | 18,889,470 |
| 2072 | 14,824,987 | 18,785,103 |
| 2071 | 15,045,310 | 18,674,697 |
| 2070 | 15,266,143 | 18,559,138 |
| 2069 | 15,488,280 | 18,437,873 |
| 2068 | 15,714,125 | 18,315,011 |
| 2067 | 15,940,945 | 18,187,508 |
| 2066 | 16,167,553 | 18,054,404 |
| 2065 | 16,396,032 | 17,921,674 |
| 2064 | 16,625,600 | 17,783,801 |
| 2063 | 16,854,355 | 17,641,066 |
| 2062 | 17,084,600 | 17,498,306 |
| 2061 | 17,314,450 | 17,356,130 |
| 2060 | 17,541,998 | 17,206,922 |
| 2059 | 17,767,014 | 17,056,085 |
| 2058 | 17,988,239 | 16,903,532 |
| 2057 | 18,208,151 | 16,749,284 |
| 2056 | 18,423,453 | 16,595,691 |
| 2055 | 18,639,554 | 16,441,650 |
| 2054 | 18,853,384 | 16,285,520 |
| 2053 | 19,063,428 | 16,130,235 |
| 2052 | 19,270,076 | 15,967,770 |
| 2051 | 19,474,323 | 15,805,253 |
| 2050 | 19,677,203 | 15,638,613 |
| 2049 | 19,878,438 | 15,468,883 |
| 2048 | 20,073,645 | 15,292,499 |
| 2047 | 20,267,326 | 15,112,083 |
| 2046 | 20,454,154 | 14,928,123 |
| 2045 | 20,640,565 | 14,739,540 |
| 2044 | 20,819,477 | 14,544,544 |
| 2043 | 20,995,111 | 14,349,357 |
| 2042 | 21,166,213 | 14,147,892 |
| 2041 | 21,331,710 | 13,945,694 |
| 2040 | 21,491,361 | 13,741,587 |
| 2039 | 21,645,911 | 13,536,704 |
| 2038 | 21,794,529 | 13,331,490 |
| 2037 | 21,939,617 | 13,125,051 |
| 2036 | 22,077,701 | 12,917,110 |
| 2035 | 22,211,115 | 12,714,184 |
| 2034 | 22,340,809 | 12,515,962 |
| 2033 | 22,463,465 | 12,321,294 |
| 2032 | 22,582,449 | 12,128,060 |
| 2031 | 22,698,460 | 11,938,351 |
| 2030 | 22,809,605 | 11,749,706 |
| 2029 | 22,916,803 | 11,559,235 |
| 2028 | 23,022,058 | 11,369,414 |
| 2027 | 23,127,410 | 11,178,605 |
| 2026 | 23,229,461 | 10,986,242 |
| 2025 | 23,331,886 | 10,791,246 |
| 2024 | 23,410,331 | 10,590,927 |
| 2023 | 23,342,541 | 10,389,799 |
| 2022 | 23,319,977 | 10,182,222 |
| 2021 | 23,468,275 | 9,966,908 |
| 2020 | 23,582,179 | 9,749,310 |
| 2019 | 23,596,027 | 9,529,966 |
| 2018 | 23,580,080 | 9,307,333 |
| 2017 | 23,555,522 | 9,085,946 |
| 2016 | 23,515,945 | 8,865,631 |
| 2015 | 23,462,914 | 8,643,840 |
| 2014 | 23,403,635 | 8,425,552 |
| 2013 | 23,344,670 | 8,216,724 |
| 2012 | 23,270,367 | 8,014,084 |
| 2011 | 23,193,518 | 7,824,785 |
| 2010 | 23,140,948 | 7,652,141 |
| 2009 | 23,078,402 | 7,490,230 |
| 2008 | 22,997,696 | 7,338,403 |
| 2007 | 22,917,444 | 7,194,477 |
| 2006 | 22,823,455 | 7,057,566 |
| 2005 | 22,729,753 | 6,924,720 |
| 2004 | 22,646,836 | 6,790,547 |
| 2003 | 22,562,663 | 6,658,575 |
| 2002 | 22,463,172 | 6,531,669 |
| 2001 | 22,341,120 | 6,407,377 |
| 2000 | 22,184,530 | 6,284,735 |
| 1999 | 22,010,489 | 6,208,370 |
| 1998 | 21,835,703 | 6,176,397 |
| 1997 | 21,634,124 | 6,139,829 |
| 1996 | 21,441,432 | 6,066,523 |
| 1995 | 21,267,653 | 5,948,584 |
| 1994 | 21,086,645 | 5,825,368 |
| 1993 | 20,899,019 | 5,724,993 |
| 1992 | 20,704,227 | 5,649,400 |
| 1991 | 20,503,568 | 5,541,205 |
| 1990 | 20,278,946 | 5,398,768 |
| 1989 | 20,055,492 | 5,267,249 |
| 1988 | 19,839,704 | 5,114,989 |
| 1987 | 19,617,046 | 4,939,059 |
| 1986 | 19,411,454 | 4,772,139 |
| 1985 | 19,191,510 | 4,619,003 |
| 1984 | 18,929,866 | 4,480,026 |
| 1983 | 18,653,146 | 4,350,874 |
| 1982 | 18,354,855 | 4,227,171 |
| 1981 | 18,029,982 | 4,109,022 |
| 1980 | 17,704,538 | 3,995,256 |
| 1979 | 17,372,779 | 3,882,691 |
| 1978 | 17,042,272 | 3,768,508 |
| 1977 | 16,730,895 | 3,653,265 |
| 1976 | 16,401,413 | 3,540,076 |
| 1975 | 16,075,128 | 3,430,425 |
| 1974 | 15,784,817 | 3,324,499 |
| 1973 | 15,505,121 | 3,222,290 |
| 1972 | 15,220,495 | 3,123,691 |
| 1971 | 14,913,564 | 3,028,837 |
| 1970 | 14,582,944 | 2,936,779 |
| 1969 | 14,068,984 | 2,845,273 |
| 1968 | 13,548,537 | 2,753,848 |
| 1967 | 13,210,344 | 2,664,130 |
| 1966 | 12,874,153 | 2,577,184 |
| 1965 | 12,511,863 | 2,492,998 |
| 1964 | 12,137,143 | 2,411,260 |
| 1963 | 11,762,101 | 2,331,736 |
| 1962 | 11,392,513 | 2,255,026 |
| 1961 | 11,030,385 | 2,181,805 |
| 1960 | 10,667,705 | 2,112,131 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); National Statistics, Taiwan (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-09); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/taiwan/tajikistan | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Taiwan increased by 692,490 people (a 3.03% growth), while Tajikistan gained 1,808,065 people (a 25.6% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Taiwan lost 286,484 people (a 1.22% decline), while Tajikistan's population increased by 2,172,643 people (a 24.5% growth).
Taiwan was ranked 49th most populous country in 2006 and is 60th in 2026. Tajikistan was ranked 98th in 2006 and ranked 88th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Taiwan's population will shrink by 15.3% to 19,677,203 people with a rank change from 60th to 76th. The population of Tajikistan will increase by 41.7% to 15,638,613 people and rank change from 88th to 82nd.
Tajikistan is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 20.4M people, while Taiwan's population already peaked in 2019 at 23.6M people and is projected to decrease to 10.2M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Taiwan
|
Tajikistan
|
|
| 2100 | -1.2% | 0.04% |
| 2099 | -1.21% | 0.07% |
| 2098 | -1.22% | 0.09% |
| 2097 | -1.22% | 0.12% |
| 2096 | -1.23% | 0.13% |
| 2095 | -1.24% | 0.16% |
| 2094 | -1.24% | 0.16% |
| 2093 | -1.25% | 0.2% |
| 2092 | -1.26% | 0.22% |
| 2091 | -1.29% | 0.22% |
| 2090 | -1.29% | 0.24% |
| 2089 | -1.31% | 0.25% |
| 2088 | -1.31% | 0.28% |
| 2087 | -1.32% | 0.27% |
| 2086 | -1.34% | 0.3% |
| 2085 | -1.37% | 0.32% |
| 2084 | -1.38% | 0.34% |
| 2083 | -1.39% | 0.34% |
| 2082 | -1.41% | 0.34% |
| 2081 | -1.42% | 0.38% |
| 2080 | -1.44% | 0.38% |
| 2079 | -1.46% | 0.4% |
| 2078 | -1.46% | 0.42% |
| 2077 | -1.46% | 0.47% |
| 2076 | -1.47% | 0.48% |
| 2075 | -1.48% | 0.5% |
| 2074 | -1.47% | 0.52% |
| 2073 | -1.48% | 0.56% |
| 2072 | -1.46% | 0.59% |
| 2071 | -1.45% | 0.62% |
| 2070 | -1.43% | 0.66% |
| 2069 | -1.44% | 0.67% |
| 2068 | -1.42% | 0.7% |
| 2067 | -1.4% | 0.74% |
| 2066 | -1.39% | 0.74% |
| 2065 | -1.38% | 0.78% |
| 2064 | -1.36% | 0.81% |
| 2063 | -1.35% | 0.82% |
| 2062 | -1.33% | 0.82% |
| 2061 | -1.3% | 0.87% |
| 2060 | -1.27% | 0.88% |
| 2059 | -1.23% | 0.9% |
| 2058 | -1.21% | 0.92% |
| 2057 | -1.17% | 0.93% |
| 2056 | -1.16% | 0.94% |
| 2055 | -1.13% | 0.96% |
| 2054 | -1.1% | 0.96% |
| 2053 | -1.07% | 1.02% |
| 2052 | -1.05% | 1.03% |
| 2051 | -1.03% | 1.07% |
| 2050 | -1.01% | 1.1% |
| 2049 | -0.97% | 1.15% |
| 2048 | -0.96% | 1.19% |
| 2047 | -0.91% | 1.23% |
| 2046 | -0.9% | 1.28% |
| 2045 | -0.86% | 1.34% |
| 2044 | -0.84% | 1.36% |
| 2043 | -0.81% | 1.42% |
| 2042 | -0.78% | 1.45% |
| 2041 | -0.74% | 1.49% |
| 2040 | -0.71% | 1.51% |
| 2039 | -0.68% | 1.54% |
| 2038 | -0.66% | 1.57% |
| 2037 | -0.63% | 1.61% |
| 2036 | -0.6% | 1.6% |
| 2035 | -0.58% | 1.58% |
| 2034 | -0.55% | 1.58% |
| 2033 | -0.53% | 1.59% |
| 2032 | -0.51% | 1.59% |
| 2031 | -0.49% | 1.61% |
| 2030 | -0.47% | 1.65% |
| 2029 | -0.46% | 1.67% |
| 2028 | -0.46% | 1.71% |
| 2027 | -0.44% | 1.75% |
| 2026 | -0.44% | 1.81% |
| 2025 | -0.34% | 1.89% |
| 2024 | 0.29% | 1.94% |
| 2023 | 0.1% | 2.04% |
| 2022 | -0.63% | 2.16% |
| 2021 | -0.48% | 2.23% |
| 2020 | -0.06% | 2.3% |
| 2019 | 0.07% | 2.39% |
| 2018 | 0.1% | 2.44% |
| 2017 | 0.17% | 2.49% |
| 2016 | 0.23% | 2.57% |
| 2015 | 0.25% | 2.59% |
| 2014 | 0.25% | 2.54% |
| 2013 | 0.32% | 2.53% |
| 2012 | 0.33% | 2.42% |
| 2011 | 0.23% | 2.26% |
| 2010 | 0.27% | 2.16% |
| 2009 | 0.35% | 2.07% |
| 2008 | 0.35% | 2% |
| 2007 | 0.41% | 1.94% |
| 2006 | 0.41% | 1.92% |
| 2005 | 0.37% | 1.98% |
| 2004 | 0.37% | 1.98% |
| 2003 | 0.44% | 1.94% |
| 2002 | 0.55% | 1.94% |
| 2001 | 0.71% | 1.95% |
| 2000 | 0.79% | 1.23% |
| 1999 | 0.8% | 0.52% |
| 1998 | 0.93% | 0.6% |
| 1997 | 0.9% | 1.21% |
| 1996 | 0.82% | 1.98% |
| 1995 | 0.86% | 2.12% |
| 1994 | 0.9% | 1.75% |
| 1993 | 0.94% | 1.34% |
| 1992 | 0.98% | 1.95% |
| 1991 | 1.11% | 2.64% |
| 1990 | 1.11% | 2.5% |
| 1989 | 1.09% | 2.98% |
| 1988 | 1.14% | 3.56% |
| 1987 | 1.06% | 3.5% |
| 1986 | 1.15% | 3.32% |
| 1985 | 1.38% | 3.1% |
| 1984 | 1.48% | 2.97% |
| 1983 | 1.63% | 2.93% |
| 1982 | 1.8% | 2.88% |
| 1981 | 1.84% | 2.85% |
| 1980 | 1.91% | 2.9% |
| 1979 | 1.94% | 3.03% |
| 1978 | 1.86% | 3.15% |
| 1977 | 2.01% | 3.2% |
| 1976 | 2.03% | 3.2% |
| 1975 | 1.84% | 3.19% |
| 1974 | 1.8% | 3.17% |
| 1973 | 1.87% | 3.16% |
| 1972 | 2.06% | 3.13% |
| 1971 | 2.27% | 3.13% |
| 1970 | 3.65% | 3.22% |
| 1969 | 3.84% | 3.32% |
| 1968 | 2.56% | 3.37% |
| 1967 | 2.61% | 3.37% |
| 1966 | 2.9% | 3.38% |
| 1965 | 3.09% | 3.39% |
| 1964 | 3.19% | 3.41% |
| 1963 | 3.24% | 3.4% |
| 1962 | 3.28% | 3.36% |
| 1961 | 3.4% | 3.3% |
| 1960 | 3.69% | - |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); National Statistics, Taiwan (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-09); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/taiwan/tajikistan | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Taiwan declined by 0.34%, while Tajikistan's population grew by 1.94%.
Live population counters
|
Taiwan
|
Tajikistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
23229461
|
11038274
|
| Population rank | 60/197 | 88/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.28% | 0.13% |
| One net population change |
6.72 minutes
|
2.61 minutes
|
| One birth every |
3.9 minutes
|
1.94 minutes
|
| One death every |
2.6 minutes
|
11 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | -215 | +551 |
| Annual growth/decline | -78,445 | +201,128 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | -0.34% | +1.94% |
| Population growth rate rank | 180/197 | 55/197 |
| One migration net change every |
11.2 minutes
|
24.4 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +47,029 | -21,606 |
| Net migration rank | 23/196 | 152/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | n/a | 276,777 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 101/195 | |
| Foreign-born share of population | n/a | 2.6% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 124/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Taiwan
|
Tajikistan
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | - | - | -21,606 |
| 2024 | -67,188 | 47,029 | - | -21,236 |
| 2023 | -69,794 | 225,599 | 223,828 | -19,999 |
| 2022 | -68,327 | -42,430 | 228,336 | -17,001 |
| 2021 | -30,039 | -156,010 | 222,850 | -3,564 |
| 2020 | -7,782 | -33,978 | 219,467 | -3,564 |
| 2019 | 1,416 | 12,718 | 231,817 | -9,041 |
| 2018 | 8,725 | 8,888 | 228,597 | -6,111 |
| 2017 | 22,613 | 8,809 | 224,396 | -4,093 |
| 2016 | 35,980 | 11,707 | 228,547 | -8,210 |
| 2015 | 49,741 | 8,581 | 230,903 | -7,660 |
| 2014 | - | - | 227,304 | -13,962 |
| 2013 | - | - | 220,693 | -16,362 |
| 2012 | - | - | 213,078 | -12,132 |
| 2011 | 43,836 | 19,077 | 208,429 | -30,783 |
| 2010 | - | - | 201,389 | -33,733 |
| 2009 | - | - | 192,851 | -36,677 |
| 2008 | - | - | 182,337 | -34,855 |
| 2007 | - | - | 173,200 | -32,831 |
| 2006 | - | - | 164,046 | -30,591 |
| 2005 | - | - | 160,189 | -27,954 |
| 2004 | - | - | 161,201 | -25,082 |
| 2003 | - | - | 150,391 | -22,562 |
| 2002 | - | - | 146,492 | -20,526 |
| 2001 | 132,707 | -3,811 | 142,276 | -19,657 |
| 2000 | - | - | 136,549 | -13,871 |
| 1999 | - | - | 147,622 | -117,571 |
| 1998 | - | - | 153,508 | -119,621 |
| 1997 | - | - | 149,825 | -110,572 |
| 1996 | - | - | 138,287 | -30,922 |
| 1995 | - | - | 168,934 | -40,418 |
| 1994 | - | - | 167,590 | -49,668 |
| 1993 | - | - | 157,975 | -75,147 |
| 1992 | - | - | 163,652 | -95,280 |
| 1991 | 215,698 | -12,128 | 177,585 | -29,553 |
| 1990 | - | - | 178,429 | -41,596 |
| 1989 | - | - | 179,212 | -53,020 |
| 1988 | - | - | 172,805 | 5,523 |
| 1987 | - | - | 163,611 | 9,923 |
| 1986 | - | - | 155,987 | 4,321 |
| 1985 | - | - | 145,720 | 247 |
| 1984 | - | - | 139,145 | -7,152 |
| 1983 | - | - | 133,280 | -6,972 |
| 1982 | - | - | 127,838 | -6,730 |
| 1981 | 326,883 | 4,508 | 121,418 | -6,221 |
| 1980 | - | - | 117,888 | -5,557 |
| 1979 | - | - | 114,496 | -1,703 |
| 1978 | - | - | 110,564 | 5,006 |
| 1977 | - | - | 106,920 | 7,999 |
| 1976 | - | - | 103,777 | 7,679 |
| 1975 | - | - | 100,604 | 7,237 |
| 1974 | - | - | 97,481 | 6,531 |
| 1973 | - | - | 94,523 | 5,876 |
| 1972 | - | - | 91,677 | 5,123 |
| 1971 | - | - | 88,618 | 4,293 |
| 1970 | - | - | 85,645 | 5,559 |
| 1969 | - | - | 82,931 | 8,886 |
| 1968 | - | - | 80,698 | 10,323 |
| 1967 | - | - | 78,733 | 9,670 |
| 1966 | 346,958 | 18,774 | 76,702 | 8,796 |
| 1965 | - | - | 75,139 | 7,744 |
| 1964 | - | - | 74,030 | 6,568 |
| 1963 | - | - | 73,065 | 5,379 |
| 1962 | - | - | 70,700 | 4,270 |
| 1961 | - | - | 68,182 | 3,291 |
| 1960 | - | - | 65,415 | 2,457 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06); National Statistics, Taiwan (1966–2024, retrieved 2026-02-09).
GeoRank.org/population/taiwan/tajikistan | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 56.7% of the population change in Taiwan is from natural causes (a loss of 57,467 people) and 43.3% is from migration (a gain of 43,884 people). In Tajikistan 96% is from natural causes (a gain of 2,266,045 people) and 3.95% is from migration (a loss of 93,205 people).
Biggest cities by population
|
Taiwan
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| New Taipei | 4.05M |
| Taichung | 2.87M |
| Kaohsiung | 2.72M |
| Taipei | 2.44M |
| Taoyuan | 2.35M |
| Tainan | 1.85M |
| Hsinchu | 455K |
| Keelung | 360K |
| Chiayi | 261K |
| Changhua | 221K |
|
Tajikistan
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Dushanbe | 948K |
| Khujand | 199K |
| Qurghonteppa | 127K |
| Istaravshan | 64.3K |
| Konibodom | 54.4K |
| Tursunzoda | 46.7K |
| Panjakent | 33K |
| Buston | 29.8K |
| Ghafurov | 18.4K |
| Istiklol | 14.2K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Taiwan and Tajikistan
|
Taiwan
|
Tajikistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 81.1 years | 72.2 years |
| Average age | 44.1 years | 26.3 years |
| Median age | 45.1 years | 23 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.3:50.7 | 49.1:50.9 |
| Fertility rate | 0.89 births per woman | 3.07 births per woman |
| Population density | 1,662 ppl/mi² | 205 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); National Statistics, Taiwan (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-09); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/taiwan/tajikistan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- National Statistics, Taiwan (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-02-09)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
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