The latest officially reported population of Iran was 92,417,681 in 2025 vs 23,331,886 people in Taiwan in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Iran's population is 93,580,141 people compared to 23,229,461 in Taiwan.
Population statistics:
- Iran's population is 4.03 times bigger than Taiwan's.
- Iran is ranked the 17th most populous country in the world, while Taiwan is the 60th.
- The countries together account for 1.41% of the world: 1.13% for Iran vs 0.28% for Taiwan.
- For the last 10 years, Iran has had an average growth rate of +1.15% per year vs -0.03% in Taiwan.
- Since 2006, the population of Iran has increased from 73.4M people to 93.6M (27.5% growth), while Taiwan has grown from 22.8M to 23.2M (1.78% growth).
Iran vs Taiwan: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Iran
|
Taiwan
|
|
| 2100 | 80,660,972 | 10,150,338 |
| 2099 | 81,193,582 | 10,273,881 |
| 2098 | 81,717,474 | 10,399,680 |
| 2097 | 82,241,892 | 10,527,804 |
| 2096 | 82,764,411 | 10,657,536 |
| 2095 | 83,283,942 | 10,789,978 |
| 2094 | 83,799,806 | 10,925,075 |
| 2093 | 84,316,389 | 11,062,491 |
| 2092 | 84,833,108 | 11,202,670 |
| 2091 | 85,354,240 | 11,346,131 |
| 2090 | 85,878,473 | 11,494,369 |
| 2089 | 86,409,859 | 11,644,743 |
| 2088 | 86,947,263 | 11,799,177 |
| 2087 | 87,492,427 | 11,956,109 |
| 2086 | 88,047,949 | 12,116,149 |
| 2085 | 88,610,339 | 12,281,248 |
| 2084 | 89,181,346 | 12,451,872 |
| 2083 | 89,758,453 | 12,625,681 |
| 2082 | 90,343,413 | 12,803,442 |
| 2081 | 90,936,310 | 12,986,931 |
| 2080 | 91,535,218 | 13,174,137 |
| 2079 | 92,136,544 | 13,366,920 |
| 2078 | 92,740,467 | 13,564,788 |
| 2077 | 93,344,865 | 13,765,770 |
| 2076 | 93,946,187 | 13,969,802 |
| 2075 | 94,544,733 | 14,178,904 |
| 2074 | 95,135,317 | 14,391,331 |
| 2073 | 95,721,351 | 14,606,033 |
| 2072 | 96,292,835 | 14,824,987 |
| 2071 | 96,851,951 | 15,045,310 |
| 2070 | 97,397,073 | 15,266,143 |
| 2069 | 97,924,812 | 15,488,280 |
| 2068 | 98,432,509 | 15,714,125 |
| 2067 | 98,913,776 | 15,940,945 |
| 2066 | 99,374,357 | 16,167,553 |
| 2065 | 99,812,137 | 16,396,032 |
| 2064 | 100,223,387 | 16,625,600 |
| 2063 | 100,602,361 | 16,854,355 |
| 2062 | 100,951,282 | 17,084,600 |
| 2061 | 101,266,537 | 17,314,450 |
| 2060 | 101,545,806 | 17,541,998 |
| 2059 | 101,792,315 | 17,767,014 |
| 2058 | 101,994,395 | 17,988,239 |
| 2057 | 102,161,227 | 18,208,151 |
| 2056 | 102,291,323 | 18,423,453 |
| 2055 | 102,382,089 | 18,639,554 |
| 2054 | 102,431,558 | 18,853,384 |
| 2053 | 102,441,204 | 19,063,428 |
| 2052 | 102,413,350 | 19,270,076 |
| 2051 | 102,350,865 | 19,474,323 |
| 2050 | 102,251,999 | 19,677,203 |
| 2049 | 102,122,983 | 19,878,438 |
| 2048 | 101,957,508 | 20,073,645 |
| 2047 | 101,765,614 | 20,267,326 |
| 2046 | 101,547,098 | 20,454,154 |
| 2045 | 101,305,486 | 20,640,565 |
| 2044 | 101,038,874 | 20,819,477 |
| 2043 | 100,752,109 | 20,995,111 |
| 2042 | 100,446,296 | 21,166,213 |
| 2041 | 100,122,690 | 21,331,710 |
| 2040 | 99,784,572 | 21,491,361 |
| 2039 | 99,436,793 | 21,645,911 |
| 2038 | 99,072,548 | 21,794,529 |
| 2037 | 98,694,577 | 21,939,617 |
| 2036 | 98,302,279 | 22,077,701 |
| 2035 | 97,899,013 | 22,211,115 |
| 2034 | 97,482,352 | 22,340,809 |
| 2033 | 97,054,589 | 22,463,465 |
| 2032 | 96,608,216 | 22,582,449 |
| 2031 | 96,141,200 | 22,698,460 |
| 2030 | 95,656,003 | 22,809,605 |
| 2029 | 95,133,736 | 22,916,803 |
| 2028 | 94,561,150 | 23,022,058 |
| 2027 | 93,925,792 | 23,127,410 |
| 2026 | 93,215,072 | 23,229,461 |
| 2025 | 92,417,681 | 23,331,886 |
| 2024 | 91,567,738 | 23,410,331 |
| 2023 | 90,608,707 | 23,342,541 |
| 2022 | 89,524,246 | 23,319,977 |
| 2021 | 88,455,488 | 23,468,275 |
| 2020 | 87,723,443 | 23,582,179 |
| 2019 | 87,051,648 | 23,596,027 |
| 2018 | 86,117,998 | 23,580,080 |
| 2017 | 85,026,754 | 23,555,522 |
| 2016 | 83,812,228 | 23,515,945 |
| 2015 | 82,619,362 | 23,462,914 |
| 2014 | 81,502,045 | 23,403,635 |
| 2013 | 80,414,686 | 23,344,670 |
| 2012 | 79,370,580 | 23,270,367 |
| 2011 | 78,383,598 | 23,193,518 |
| 2010 | 77,420,842 | 23,140,948 |
| 2009 | 76,457,825 | 23,078,402 |
| 2008 | 75,514,204 | 22,997,696 |
| 2007 | 74,602,648 | 22,917,444 |
| 2006 | 73,392,747 | 22,823,455 |
| 2005 | 71,828,455 | 22,729,753 |
| 2004 | 70,256,316 | 22,646,836 |
| 2003 | 68,769,340 | 22,562,663 |
| 2002 | 68,011,317 | 22,463,172 |
| 2001 | 67,452,005 | 22,341,120 |
| 2000 | 66,418,659 | 22,184,530 |
| 1999 | 65,445,391 | 22,010,489 |
| 1998 | 64,519,859 | 21,835,703 |
| 1997 | 63,639,638 | 21,634,124 |
| 1996 | 62,881,300 | 21,441,432 |
| 1995 | 62,205,567 | 21,267,653 |
| 1994 | 61,520,598 | 21,086,645 |
| 1993 | 61,403,543 | 20,899,019 |
| 1992 | 61,184,983 | 20,704,227 |
| 1991 | 59,986,931 | 20,503,568 |
| 1990 | 58,380,092 | 20,278,946 |
| 1989 | 56,704,914 | 20,055,492 |
| 1988 | 55,072,694 | 19,839,704 |
| 1987 | 53,323,493 | 19,617,046 |
| 1986 | 51,446,045 | 19,411,454 |
| 1985 | 49,582,289 | 19,191,510 |
| 1984 | 47,793,998 | 18,929,866 |
| 1983 | 46,029,535 | 18,653,146 |
| 1982 | 44,272,141 | 18,354,855 |
| 1981 | 41,989,312 | 18,029,982 |
| 1980 | 39,842,324 | 17,704,538 |
| 1979 | 38,424,952 | 17,372,779 |
| 1978 | 37,126,535 | 17,042,272 |
| 1977 | 35,933,181 | 16,730,895 |
| 1976 | 34,837,271 | 16,401,413 |
| 1975 | 33,802,973 | 16,075,128 |
| 1974 | 32,796,463 | 15,784,817 |
| 1973 | 31,839,838 | 15,505,121 |
| 1972 | 30,921,179 | 15,220,495 |
| 1971 | 30,029,071 | 14,913,564 |
| 1970 | 29,145,100 | 14,582,944 |
| 1969 | 28,273,482 | 14,068,984 |
| 1968 | 27,437,391 | 13,548,537 |
| 1967 | 26,628,432 | 13,210,344 |
| 1966 | 25,829,270 | 12,874,153 |
| 1965 | 25,036,978 | 12,511,863 |
| 1964 | 24,262,859 | 12,137,143 |
| 1963 | 23,519,005 | 11,762,101 |
| 1962 | 22,807,907 | 11,392,513 |
| 1961 | 22,125,726 | 11,030,385 |
| 1960 | 21,470,434 | 10,667,705 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); National Statistics, Taiwan (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/iran/taiwan | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Iran increased by 10,419,481 people (a 14.2% growth), while Taiwan gained 692,490 people (a 3.03% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Iran gained 9,767,913 people (a 11.7% growth), while Taiwan's population decreased by 286,484 people (a 1.22% decline).
Iran was ranked 17th most populous country in 2006 and is still 17th in 2026. Taiwan was ranked 49th in 2006 and ranked 60th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Iran's population will grow by 9.27% to 102,251,999 people with a rank change from 17th to 18th. The population of Taiwan will decrease by 15.3% to 19,677,203 people and rank change from 60th to 76th.
Iran is projected to reach its peak in 2053 at 102M people, while Taiwan's population already peaked in 2019 at 23.6M people and is projected to decrease to 10.2M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Iran
|
Taiwan
|
|
| 2100 | -0.66% | -1.2% |
| 2099 | -0.64% | -1.21% |
| 2098 | -0.64% | -1.22% |
| 2097 | -0.63% | -1.22% |
| 2096 | -0.62% | -1.23% |
| 2095 | -0.62% | -1.24% |
| 2094 | -0.61% | -1.24% |
| 2093 | -0.61% | -1.25% |
| 2092 | -0.61% | -1.26% |
| 2091 | -0.61% | -1.29% |
| 2090 | -0.61% | -1.29% |
| 2089 | -0.62% | -1.31% |
| 2088 | -0.62% | -1.31% |
| 2087 | -0.63% | -1.32% |
| 2086 | -0.63% | -1.34% |
| 2085 | -0.64% | -1.37% |
| 2084 | -0.64% | -1.38% |
| 2083 | -0.65% | -1.39% |
| 2082 | -0.65% | -1.41% |
| 2081 | -0.65% | -1.42% |
| 2080 | -0.65% | -1.44% |
| 2079 | -0.65% | -1.46% |
| 2078 | -0.65% | -1.46% |
| 2077 | -0.64% | -1.46% |
| 2076 | -0.63% | -1.47% |
| 2075 | -0.62% | -1.48% |
| 2074 | -0.61% | -1.47% |
| 2073 | -0.59% | -1.48% |
| 2072 | -0.58% | -1.46% |
| 2071 | -0.56% | -1.45% |
| 2070 | -0.54% | -1.43% |
| 2069 | -0.52% | -1.44% |
| 2068 | -0.49% | -1.42% |
| 2067 | -0.46% | -1.4% |
| 2066 | -0.44% | -1.39% |
| 2065 | -0.41% | -1.38% |
| 2064 | -0.38% | -1.36% |
| 2063 | -0.35% | -1.35% |
| 2062 | -0.31% | -1.33% |
| 2061 | -0.28% | -1.3% |
| 2060 | -0.24% | -1.27% |
| 2059 | -0.2% | -1.23% |
| 2058 | -0.16% | -1.21% |
| 2057 | -0.13% | -1.17% |
| 2056 | -0.09% | -1.16% |
| 2055 | -0.05% | -1.13% |
| 2054 | -0.009% | -1.1% |
| 2053 | 0.03% | -1.07% |
| 2052 | 0.06% | -1.05% |
| 2051 | 0.1% | -1.03% |
| 2050 | 0.13% | -1.01% |
| 2049 | 0.16% | -0.97% |
| 2048 | 0.19% | -0.96% |
| 2047 | 0.22% | -0.91% |
| 2046 | 0.24% | -0.9% |
| 2045 | 0.26% | -0.86% |
| 2044 | 0.28% | -0.84% |
| 2043 | 0.3% | -0.81% |
| 2042 | 0.32% | -0.78% |
| 2041 | 0.34% | -0.74% |
| 2040 | 0.35% | -0.71% |
| 2039 | 0.37% | -0.68% |
| 2038 | 0.38% | -0.66% |
| 2037 | 0.4% | -0.63% |
| 2036 | 0.41% | -0.6% |
| 2035 | 0.43% | -0.58% |
| 2034 | 0.44% | -0.55% |
| 2033 | 0.46% | -0.53% |
| 2032 | 0.49% | -0.51% |
| 2031 | 0.51% | -0.49% |
| 2030 | 0.55% | -0.47% |
| 2029 | 0.61% | -0.46% |
| 2028 | 0.68% | -0.46% |
| 2027 | 0.76% | -0.44% |
| 2026 | 0.86% | -0.44% |
| 2025 | 0.93% | -0.34% |
| 2024 | 1.06% | 0.29% |
| 2023 | 1.21% | 0.1% |
| 2022 | 1.21% | -0.63% |
| 2021 | 0.83% | -0.48% |
| 2020 | 0.77% | -0.06% |
| 2019 | 1.08% | 0.07% |
| 2018 | 1.28% | 0.1% |
| 2017 | 1.45% | 0.17% |
| 2016 | 1.44% | 0.23% |
| 2015 | 1.37% | 0.25% |
| 2014 | 1.35% | 0.25% |
| 2013 | 1.32% | 0.32% |
| 2012 | 1.26% | 0.33% |
| 2011 | 1.24% | 0.23% |
| 2010 | 1.26% | 0.27% |
| 2009 | 1.25% | 0.35% |
| 2008 | 1.22% | 0.35% |
| 2007 | 1.65% | 0.41% |
| 2006 | 2.18% | 0.41% |
| 2005 | 2.24% | 0.37% |
| 2004 | 2.16% | 0.37% |
| 2003 | 1.11% | 0.44% |
| 2002 | 0.83% | 0.55% |
| 2001 | 1.56% | 0.71% |
| 2000 | 1.49% | 0.79% |
| 1999 | 1.43% | 0.8% |
| 1998 | 1.38% | 0.93% |
| 1997 | 1.21% | 0.9% |
| 1996 | 1.09% | 0.82% |
| 1995 | 1.11% | 0.86% |
| 1994 | 0.19% | 0.9% |
| 1993 | 0.36% | 0.94% |
| 1992 | 2% | 0.98% |
| 1991 | 2.75% | 1.11% |
| 1990 | 2.95% | 1.11% |
| 1989 | 2.96% | 1.09% |
| 1988 | 3.28% | 1.14% |
| 1987 | 3.65% | 1.06% |
| 1986 | 3.76% | 1.15% |
| 1985 | 3.74% | 1.38% |
| 1984 | 3.83% | 1.48% |
| 1983 | 3.97% | 1.63% |
| 1982 | 5.44% | 1.8% |
| 1981 | 5.39% | 1.84% |
| 1980 | 3.69% | 1.91% |
| 1979 | 3.5% | 1.94% |
| 1978 | 3.32% | 1.86% |
| 1977 | 3.15% | 2.01% |
| 1976 | 3.06% | 2.03% |
| 1975 | 3.07% | 1.84% |
| 1974 | 3% | 1.8% |
| 1973 | 2.97% | 1.87% |
| 1972 | 2.97% | 2.06% |
| 1971 | 3.03% | 2.27% |
| 1970 | 3.08% | 3.65% |
| 1969 | 3.05% | 3.84% |
| 1968 | 3.04% | 2.56% |
| 1967 | 3.09% | 2.61% |
| 1966 | 3.16% | 2.9% |
| 1965 | 3.19% | 3.09% |
| 1964 | 3.16% | 3.19% |
| 1963 | 3.12% | 3.24% |
| 1962 | 3.08% | 3.28% |
| 1961 | 3.05% | 3.4% |
| 1960 | - | 3.69% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); National Statistics, Taiwan (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/iran/taiwan | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Iran grew by 0.93%, while Taiwan's population declined by 0.34%.
Live population counters
|
Iran
|
Taiwan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
93580141
|
23229461
|
| Population rank | 17/197 | 60/197 |
| Percent of world population | 1.13% | 0.28% |
| One net population change |
37.2 seconds
|
6.72 minutes
|
| One birth every |
27.4 seconds
|
3.9 minutes
|
| One death every |
1.21 minutes
|
2.6 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +2,329 | -215 |
| Annual growth/decline | +849,943 | -78,445 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.93% | -0.34% |
| Population growth rate rank | 103/197 | 178/197 |
| One migration net change every |
4.51 minutes
|
11.2 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +116,786 | +47,029 |
| Net migration rank | 14/196 | 23/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 3,840,654 | n/a |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 17/195 | |
| Foreign-born share of population | 4.2% | n/a |
| Foreign-born share rank | 103/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Iran
|
Taiwan
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 116,786 | - | - |
| 2024 | 715,785 | 190,156 | -67,188 | 47,029 |
| 2023 | 750,150 | 262,044 | -69,794 | 225,599 |
| 2022 | 753,525 | 403,190 | -68,327 | -42,430 |
| 2021 | 645,725 | 334,967 | -30,039 | -156,010 |
| 2020 | 663,978 | -180,680 | -7,782 | -33,978 |
| 2019 | 893,063 | -32,794 | 1,416 | 12,718 |
| 2018 | 1,035,052 | -27,946 | 8,725 | 8,888 |
| 2017 | 1,140,549 | 34,849 | 22,613 | 8,809 |
| 2016 | 1,186,949 | 66,630 | 35,980 | 11,707 |
| 2015 | 1,178,317 | -46,239 | 49,741 | 8,581 |
| 2014 | 1,158,552 | -56,042 | - | - |
| 2013 | 1,119,533 | -47,322 | - | - |
| 2012 | 1,073,804 | -57,823 | - | - |
| 2011 | 1,023,925 | -65,924 | 43,836 | 19,077 |
| 2010 | 980,380 | -12,849 | - | - |
| 2009 | 958,322 | 211 | - | - |
| 2008 | 940,983 | -12,184 | - | - |
| 2007 | 919,254 | -24,950 | - | - |
| 2006 | 884,529 | 640,932 | - | - |
| 2005 | 837,305 | 765,873 | - | - |
| 2004 | 801,203 | 739,996 | - | - |
| 2003 | 732,600 | 700,222 | - | - |
| 2002 | 752,205 | -668,962 | - | - |
| 2001 | 743,658 | 291,692 | 132,707 | -3,811 |
| 2000 | 731,203 | 300,133 | - | - |
| 1999 | 723,237 | 191,988 | - | - |
| 1998 | 717,655 | 218,171 | - | - |
| 1997 | 726,574 | 98,009 | - | - |
| 1996 | 784,508 | -92,435 | - | - |
| 1995 | 879,648 | -220,258 | - | - |
| 1994 | 1,008,076 | -297,487 | - | - |
| 1993 | 1,219,658 | -1,696,091 | - | - |
| 1992 | 1,365,466 | -451,945 | - | - |
| 1991 | 1,495,594 | -13,059 | 215,698 | -12,128 |
| 1990 | 1,530,434 | 200,711 | - | - |
| 1989 | 1,609,739 | 9,460 | - | - |
| 1988 | 1,614,512 | 30,688 | - | - |
| 1987 | 1,639,644 | 213,524 | - | - |
| 1986 | 1,659,289 | 242,411 | - | - |
| 1985 | 1,661,750 | 163,999 | - | - |
| 1984 | 1,653,051 | 97,748 | - | - |
| 1983 | 1,573,612 | 204,544 | - | - |
| 1982 | 1,514,240 | 222,390 | - | - |
| 1981 | 1,376,830 | 1,452,169 | 326,883 | 4,508 |
| 1980 | 1,361,293 | 103,674 | - | - |
| 1979 | 1,294,306 | 75,451 | - | - |
| 1978 | 1,156,974 | 70,088 | - | - |
| 1977 | 1,091,542 | 68,093 | - | - |
| 1976 | 1,013,347 | 18,825 | - | - |
| 1975 | 929,481 | 106,921 | - | - |
| 1974 | 873,369 | 103,252 | - | - |
| 1973 | 831,880 | 104,779 | - | - |
| 1972 | 804,043 | 96,614 | - | - |
| 1971 | 805,830 | 77,717 | - | - |
| 1970 | 794,612 | 89,757 | - | - |
| 1969 | 780,660 | 78,196 | - | - |
| 1968 | 743,992 | 69,342 | - | - |
| 1967 | 727,276 | 77,313 | - | - |
| 1966 | 695,040 | 98,709 | 346,958 | 18,774 |
| 1965 | 663,029 | 127,808 | - | - |
| 1964 | 635,589 | 121,817 | - | - |
| 1963 | 620,126 | 110,190 | - | - |
| 1962 | 595,538 | 96,332 | - | - |
| 1961 | 594,674 | 77,811 | - | - |
| 1960 | 584,060 | 54,041 | - | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); National Statistics, Taiwan (1966–2024, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/iran/taiwan | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 89.9% of the population change in Iran is from natural causes (a gain of 8,963,093 people) and 10.1% is from migration (a gain of 1,004,177 people). In Taiwan 57.8% is from natural causes (a loss of 124,655 people) and 42.2% is from migration (a gain of 90,913 people).
Biggest cities by population
|
Iran
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Tehran | 8.69M |
| Mashhad | 3M |
| Isfahan | 1.96M |
| Karaj | 1.59M |
| Shiraz | 1.57M |
| Tabriz | 1.56M |
| Qom | 1.2M |
| Ahvaz | 1.18M |
| Kermanshah | 947K |
| Urmia | 736K |
|
Taiwan
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| New Taipei | 4.04M |
| Taichung | 2.87M |
| Kaohsiung | 2.71M |
| Taipei | 2.43M |
| Taoyuan | 2.36M |
| Tainan | 1.85M |
| Hsinchu | 456K |
| Keelung | 359K |
| Chiayi | 262K |
| Zhubei | 221K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Iran and Taiwan
|
Iran
|
Taiwan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 78.2 years | 81.1 years |
| Average age | 34.7 years | 44.6 years |
| Median age | 35 years | 45.7 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.8:49.2 | 49.2:50.8 |
| Fertility rate | 1.68 births per woman | 0.89 births per woman |
| Population density | 148.8 ppl/mi² | 1,662 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); National Statistics, Taiwan (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/iran/taiwan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- National Statistics, Taiwan (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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