The latest officially reported population of the Dominican Republic was 11,520,487 in 2025 vs 23,331,886 people in Taiwan in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Dominican Republic's population is 11,656,588 people compared to 23,229,461 in Taiwan.
Population statistics:
- Taiwan's population is 1.99 times bigger than the Dominican Republic's.
- The Dominican Republic is ranked the 85th most populous country in the world, while Taiwan is the 60th.
- The countries together account for 0.42% of the world: 0.14% for the Dominican Republic vs 0.28% for Taiwan.
- For the last 10 years, the Dominican Republic has had an average growth rate of +1.01% per year vs -0.03% in Taiwan.
- Since 2006, the population of the Dominican Republic has increased from 9.34M people to 11.7M (24.8% growth), while Taiwan has grown from 22.8M to 23.2M (1.78% growth).
Dominican Republic vs Taiwan: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Dominican Republic
|
Taiwan
|
|
| 2100 | 11,752,784 | 10,150,338 |
| 2099 | 11,815,252 | 10,273,881 |
| 2098 | 11,877,117 | 10,399,680 |
| 2097 | 11,937,719 | 10,527,804 |
| 2096 | 11,997,841 | 10,657,536 |
| 2095 | 12,057,342 | 10,789,978 |
| 2094 | 12,115,914 | 10,925,075 |
| 2093 | 12,173,845 | 11,062,491 |
| 2092 | 12,230,436 | 11,202,670 |
| 2091 | 12,286,064 | 11,346,131 |
| 2090 | 12,340,658 | 11,494,369 |
| 2089 | 12,394,314 | 11,644,743 |
| 2088 | 12,446,122 | 11,799,177 |
| 2087 | 12,497,009 | 11,956,109 |
| 2086 | 12,546,890 | 12,116,149 |
| 2085 | 12,595,176 | 12,281,248 |
| 2084 | 12,641,964 | 12,451,872 |
| 2083 | 12,686,626 | 12,625,681 |
| 2082 | 12,730,579 | 12,803,442 |
| 2081 | 12,772,531 | 12,986,931 |
| 2080 | 12,813,012 | 13,174,137 |
| 2079 | 12,851,452 | 13,366,920 |
| 2078 | 12,887,954 | 13,564,788 |
| 2077 | 12,923,053 | 13,765,770 |
| 2076 | 12,955,793 | 13,969,802 |
| 2075 | 12,986,456 | 14,178,904 |
| 2074 | 13,015,960 | 14,391,331 |
| 2073 | 13,043,173 | 14,606,033 |
| 2072 | 13,068,464 | 14,824,987 |
| 2071 | 13,091,361 | 15,045,310 |
| 2070 | 13,112,865 | 15,266,143 |
| 2069 | 13,131,909 | 15,488,280 |
| 2068 | 13,149,031 | 15,714,125 |
| 2067 | 13,163,707 | 15,940,945 |
| 2066 | 13,176,149 | 16,167,553 |
| 2065 | 13,187,108 | 16,396,032 |
| 2064 | 13,195,655 | 16,625,600 |
| 2063 | 13,201,391 | 16,854,355 |
| 2062 | 13,204,648 | 17,084,600 |
| 2061 | 13,205,517 | 17,314,450 |
| 2060 | 13,203,471 | 17,541,998 |
| 2059 | 13,199,071 | 17,767,014 |
| 2058 | 13,190,969 | 17,988,239 |
| 2057 | 13,180,617 | 18,208,151 |
| 2056 | 13,168,370 | 18,423,453 |
| 2055 | 13,153,175 | 18,639,554 |
| 2054 | 13,135,187 | 18,853,384 |
| 2053 | 13,114,225 | 19,063,428 |
| 2052 | 13,090,209 | 19,270,076 |
| 2051 | 13,063,047 | 19,474,323 |
| 2050 | 13,032,286 | 19,677,203 |
| 2049 | 12,999,890 | 19,878,438 |
| 2048 | 12,964,676 | 20,073,645 |
| 2047 | 12,927,592 | 20,267,326 |
| 2046 | 12,887,813 | 20,454,154 |
| 2045 | 12,845,519 | 20,640,565 |
| 2044 | 12,800,765 | 20,819,477 |
| 2043 | 12,754,444 | 20,995,111 |
| 2042 | 12,705,845 | 21,166,213 |
| 2041 | 12,655,390 | 21,331,710 |
| 2040 | 12,602,701 | 21,491,361 |
| 2039 | 12,548,652 | 21,645,911 |
| 2038 | 12,491,254 | 21,794,529 |
| 2037 | 12,431,970 | 21,939,617 |
| 2036 | 12,370,131 | 22,077,701 |
| 2035 | 12,305,889 | 22,211,115 |
| 2034 | 12,239,008 | 22,340,809 |
| 2033 | 12,170,158 | 22,463,465 |
| 2032 | 12,098,734 | 22,582,449 |
| 2031 | 12,024,555 | 22,698,460 |
| 2030 | 11,947,536 | 22,809,605 |
| 2029 | 11,867,856 | 22,916,803 |
| 2028 | 11,785,130 | 23,022,058 |
| 2027 | 11,699,216 | 23,127,410 |
| 2026 | 11,611,567 | 23,229,461 |
| 2025 | 11,520,487 | 23,331,886 |
| 2024 | 11,427,557 | 23,410,331 |
| 2023 | 11,331,265 | 23,342,541 |
| 2022 | 11,230,734 | 23,319,977 |
| 2021 | 11,123,476 | 23,468,275 |
| 2020 | 11,008,300 | 23,582,179 |
| 2019 | 10,894,043 | 23,596,027 |
| 2018 | 10,782,053 | 23,580,080 |
| 2017 | 10,666,843 | 23,555,522 |
| 2016 | 10,551,430 | 23,515,945 |
| 2015 | 10,434,829 | 23,462,914 |
| 2014 | 10,315,528 | 23,403,635 |
| 2013 | 10,193,833 | 23,344,670 |
| 2012 | 10,070,411 | 23,270,367 |
| 2011 | 9,945,621 | 23,193,518 |
| 2010 | 9,820,175 | 23,140,948 |
| 2009 | 9,695,265 | 23,078,402 |
| 2008 | 9,573,130 | 22,997,696 |
| 2007 | 9,455,658 | 22,917,444 |
| 2006 | 9,341,183 | 22,823,455 |
| 2005 | 9,225,034 | 22,729,753 |
| 2004 | 9,104,892 | 22,646,836 |
| 2003 | 8,980,620 | 22,562,663 |
| 2002 | 8,852,235 | 22,463,172 |
| 2001 | 8,720,283 | 22,341,120 |
| 2000 | 8,584,190 | 22,184,530 |
| 1999 | 8,446,208 | 22,010,489 |
| 1998 | 8,310,362 | 21,835,703 |
| 1997 | 8,174,078 | 21,634,124 |
| 1996 | 8,032,894 | 21,441,432 |
| 1995 | 7,888,115 | 21,267,653 |
| 1994 | 7,741,694 | 21,086,645 |
| 1993 | 7,594,572 | 20,899,019 |
| 1992 | 7,447,474 | 20,704,227 |
| 1991 | 7,299,853 | 20,503,568 |
| 1990 | 7,151,166 | 20,278,946 |
| 1989 | 7,002,295 | 20,055,492 |
| 1988 | 6,855,734 | 19,839,704 |
| 1987 | 6,712,515 | 19,617,046 |
| 1986 | 6,571,208 | 19,411,454 |
| 1985 | 6,430,404 | 19,191,510 |
| 1984 | 6,289,040 | 18,929,866 |
| 1983 | 6,147,248 | 18,653,146 |
| 1982 | 6,007,114 | 18,354,855 |
| 1981 | 5,868,453 | 18,029,982 |
| 1980 | 5,729,037 | 17,704,538 |
| 1979 | 5,589,690 | 17,372,779 |
| 1978 | 5,451,882 | 17,042,272 |
| 1977 | 5,315,443 | 16,730,895 |
| 1976 | 5,180,404 | 16,401,413 |
| 1975 | 5,046,776 | 16,075,128 |
| 1974 | 4,914,197 | 15,784,817 |
| 1973 | 4,782,227 | 15,505,121 |
| 1972 | 4,651,883 | 15,220,495 |
| 1971 | 4,524,234 | 14,913,564 |
| 1970 | 4,399,290 | 14,582,944 |
| 1969 | 4,277,035 | 14,068,984 |
| 1968 | 4,157,189 | 13,548,537 |
| 1967 | 4,038,928 | 13,210,344 |
| 1966 | 3,921,847 | 12,874,153 |
| 1965 | 3,808,963 | 12,511,863 |
| 1964 | 3,698,559 | 12,137,143 |
| 1963 | 3,588,287 | 11,762,101 |
| 1962 | 3,479,936 | 11,392,513 |
| 1961 | 3,373,233 | 11,030,385 |
| 1960 | 3,268,336 | 10,667,705 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); National Statistics, Taiwan (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/dominican-republic/taiwan | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of the Dominican Republic increased by 1,210,247 people (a 13% growth), while Taiwan gained 692,490 people (a 3.03% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, the Dominican Republic gained 1,105,158 people (a 10.5% growth), while Taiwan's population decreased by 286,484 people (a 1.22% decline).
The Dominican Republic was ranked 85th most populous country in 2006 and is still 85th in 2026. Taiwan was ranked 49th in 2006 and ranked 60th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) the Dominican Republic's population will grow by 11.8% to 13,032,286 people with a rank change from 85th to 90th. The population of Taiwan will decrease by 15.3% to 19,677,203 people and rank change from 60th to 76th.
The Dominican Republic is projected to reach its peak in 2061 at 13.2M people, while Taiwan's population already peaked in 2019 at 23.6M people and is projected to decrease to 10.2M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Dominican Republic
|
Taiwan
|
|
| 2100 | -0.53% | -1.2% |
| 2099 | -0.52% | -1.21% |
| 2098 | -0.51% | -1.22% |
| 2097 | -0.5% | -1.22% |
| 2096 | -0.49% | -1.23% |
| 2095 | -0.48% | -1.24% |
| 2094 | -0.48% | -1.24% |
| 2093 | -0.46% | -1.25% |
| 2092 | -0.45% | -1.26% |
| 2091 | -0.44% | -1.29% |
| 2090 | -0.43% | -1.29% |
| 2089 | -0.42% | -1.31% |
| 2088 | -0.41% | -1.31% |
| 2087 | -0.4% | -1.32% |
| 2086 | -0.38% | -1.34% |
| 2085 | -0.37% | -1.37% |
| 2084 | -0.35% | -1.38% |
| 2083 | -0.35% | -1.39% |
| 2082 | -0.33% | -1.41% |
| 2081 | -0.32% | -1.42% |
| 2080 | -0.3% | -1.44% |
| 2079 | -0.28% | -1.46% |
| 2078 | -0.27% | -1.46% |
| 2077 | -0.25% | -1.46% |
| 2076 | -0.24% | -1.47% |
| 2075 | -0.23% | -1.48% |
| 2074 | -0.21% | -1.47% |
| 2073 | -0.19% | -1.48% |
| 2072 | -0.17% | -1.46% |
| 2071 | -0.16% | -1.45% |
| 2070 | -0.15% | -1.43% |
| 2069 | -0.13% | -1.44% |
| 2068 | -0.11% | -1.42% |
| 2067 | -0.09% | -1.4% |
| 2066 | -0.08% | -1.39% |
| 2065 | -0.06% | -1.38% |
| 2064 | -0.04% | -1.36% |
| 2063 | -0.02% | -1.35% |
| 2062 | -0.007% | -1.33% |
| 2061 | 0.02% | -1.3% |
| 2060 | 0.03% | -1.27% |
| 2059 | 0.06% | -1.23% |
| 2058 | 0.08% | -1.21% |
| 2057 | 0.09% | -1.17% |
| 2056 | 0.12% | -1.16% |
| 2055 | 0.14% | -1.13% |
| 2054 | 0.16% | -1.1% |
| 2053 | 0.18% | -1.07% |
| 2052 | 0.21% | -1.05% |
| 2051 | 0.24% | -1.03% |
| 2050 | 0.25% | -1.01% |
| 2049 | 0.27% | -0.97% |
| 2048 | 0.29% | -0.96% |
| 2047 | 0.31% | -0.91% |
| 2046 | 0.33% | -0.9% |
| 2045 | 0.35% | -0.86% |
| 2044 | 0.36% | -0.84% |
| 2043 | 0.38% | -0.81% |
| 2042 | 0.4% | -0.78% |
| 2041 | 0.42% | -0.74% |
| 2040 | 0.43% | -0.71% |
| 2039 | 0.46% | -0.68% |
| 2038 | 0.48% | -0.66% |
| 2037 | 0.5% | -0.63% |
| 2036 | 0.52% | -0.6% |
| 2035 | 0.55% | -0.58% |
| 2034 | 0.57% | -0.55% |
| 2033 | 0.59% | -0.53% |
| 2032 | 0.62% | -0.51% |
| 2031 | 0.64% | -0.49% |
| 2030 | 0.67% | -0.47% |
| 2029 | 0.7% | -0.46% |
| 2028 | 0.73% | -0.46% |
| 2027 | 0.75% | -0.44% |
| 2026 | 0.79% | -0.44% |
| 2025 | 0.81% | -0.34% |
| 2024 | 0.85% | 0.29% |
| 2023 | 0.9% | 0.1% |
| 2022 | 0.96% | -0.63% |
| 2021 | 1.05% | -0.48% |
| 2020 | 1.05% | -0.06% |
| 2019 | 1.04% | 0.07% |
| 2018 | 1.08% | 0.1% |
| 2017 | 1.09% | 0.17% |
| 2016 | 1.12% | 0.23% |
| 2015 | 1.16% | 0.25% |
| 2014 | 1.19% | 0.25% |
| 2013 | 1.23% | 0.32% |
| 2012 | 1.25% | 0.33% |
| 2011 | 1.28% | 0.23% |
| 2010 | 1.29% | 0.27% |
| 2009 | 1.28% | 0.35% |
| 2008 | 1.24% | 0.35% |
| 2007 | 1.23% | 0.41% |
| 2006 | 1.26% | 0.41% |
| 2005 | 1.32% | 0.37% |
| 2004 | 1.38% | 0.37% |
| 2003 | 1.45% | 0.44% |
| 2002 | 1.51% | 0.55% |
| 2001 | 1.59% | 0.71% |
| 2000 | 1.63% | 0.79% |
| 1999 | 1.63% | 0.8% |
| 1998 | 1.67% | 0.93% |
| 1997 | 1.76% | 0.9% |
| 1996 | 1.84% | 0.82% |
| 1995 | 1.89% | 0.86% |
| 1994 | 1.94% | 0.9% |
| 1993 | 1.98% | 0.94% |
| 1992 | 2.02% | 0.98% |
| 1991 | 2.08% | 1.11% |
| 1990 | 2.13% | 1.11% |
| 1989 | 2.14% | 1.09% |
| 1988 | 2.13% | 1.14% |
| 1987 | 2.15% | 1.06% |
| 1986 | 2.19% | 1.15% |
| 1985 | 2.25% | 1.38% |
| 1984 | 2.31% | 1.48% |
| 1983 | 2.33% | 1.63% |
| 1982 | 2.36% | 1.8% |
| 1981 | 2.43% | 1.84% |
| 1980 | 2.49% | 1.91% |
| 1979 | 2.53% | 1.94% |
| 1978 | 2.57% | 1.86% |
| 1977 | 2.61% | 2.01% |
| 1976 | 2.65% | 2.03% |
| 1975 | 2.7% | 1.84% |
| 1974 | 2.76% | 1.8% |
| 1973 | 2.8% | 1.87% |
| 1972 | 2.82% | 2.06% |
| 1971 | 2.84% | 2.27% |
| 1970 | 2.86% | 3.65% |
| 1969 | 2.88% | 3.84% |
| 1968 | 2.93% | 2.56% |
| 1967 | 2.99% | 2.61% |
| 1966 | 2.96% | 2.9% |
| 1965 | 2.99% | 3.09% |
| 1964 | 3.07% | 3.19% |
| 1963 | 3.11% | 3.24% |
| 1962 | 3.16% | 3.28% |
| 1961 | 3.21% | 3.4% |
| 1960 | - | 3.69% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); National Statistics, Taiwan (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/dominican-republic/taiwan | CC BY
In 2025, the population of the Dominican Republic grew by 0.81%, while Taiwan's population declined by 0.34%.
Live population counters
|
Dominican Republic
|
Taiwan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
11656588
|
23229461
|
| Population rank | 85/197 | 60/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.14% | 0.28% |
| One net population change |
5.67 minutes
|
6.72 minutes
|
| One birth every |
2.61 minutes
|
3.9 minutes
|
| One death every |
7.36 minutes
|
2.6 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +255 | -215 |
| Annual growth/decline | +92,930 | -78,445 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.81% | -0.34% |
| Population growth rate rank | 111/197 | 178/197 |
| One migration net change every |
14.9 minutes
|
11.2 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -35,306 | +47,029 |
| Net migration rank | 170/196 | 23/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 738,667 | n/a |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 69/195 | |
| Foreign-born share of population | 6.5% | n/a |
| Foreign-born share rank | 81/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Dominican Republic
|
Taiwan
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -35,306 | - | - |
| 2024 | 129,943 | -34,806 | -67,188 | 47,029 |
| 2023 | 132,360 | -34,915 | -69,794 | 225,599 |
| 2022 | 138,767 | -35,153 | -68,327 | -42,430 |
| 2021 | 128,866 | -17,957 | -30,039 | -156,010 |
| 2020 | 137,417 | -17,957 | -7,782 | -33,978 |
| 2019 | 144,869 | -35,797 | 1,416 | 12,718 |
| 2018 | 150,852 | -35,934 | 8,725 | 8,888 |
| 2017 | 151,565 | -36,069 | 22,613 | 8,809 |
| 2016 | 151,550 | -36,219 | 35,980 | 11,707 |
| 2015 | 154,258 | -36,375 | 49,741 | 8,581 |
| 2014 | 157,260 | -36,543 | - | - |
| 2013 | 159,330 | -36,673 | - | - |
| 2012 | 160,915 | -36,737 | - | - |
| 2011 | 162,094 | -36,687 | 43,836 | 19,077 |
| 2010 | 162,072 | -36,587 | - | - |
| 2009 | 160,893 | -36,561 | - | - |
| 2008 | 156,664 | -36,723 | - | - |
| 2007 | 152,066 | -37,076 | - | - |
| 2006 | 151,122 | -37,170 | - | - |
| 2005 | 155,405 | -37,063 | - | - |
| 2004 | 158,789 | -36,851 | - | - |
| 2003 | 163,267 | -36,657 | - | - |
| 2002 | 166,740 | -36,575 | - | - |
| 2001 | 170,193 | -36,441 | 132,707 | -3,811 |
| 2000 | 171,684 | -33,256 | - | - |
| 1999 | 167,742 | -30,228 | - | - |
| 1998 | 164,287 | -30,108 | - | - |
| 1997 | 168,419 | -30,034 | - | - |
| 1996 | 174,008 | -30,018 | - | - |
| 1995 | 175,439 | -29,873 | - | - |
| 1994 | 176,882 | -29,610 | - | - |
| 1993 | 177,691 | -30,719 | - | - |
| 1992 | 177,481 | -30,262 | - | - |
| 1991 | 177,371 | -29,351 | 215,698 | -12,128 |
| 1990 | 176,748 | -27,397 | - | - |
| 1989 | 175,365 | -26,984 | - | - |
| 1988 | 171,291 | -26,552 | - | - |
| 1987 | 167,552 | -25,850 | - | - |
| 1986 | 165,674 | -24,772 | - | - |
| 1985 | 164,091 | -23,388 | - | - |
| 1984 | 164,263 | -22,239 | - | - |
| 1983 | 163,136 | -21,582 | - | - |
| 1982 | 159,597 | -20,886 | - | - |
| 1981 | 158,419 | -19,809 | 326,883 | 4,508 |
| 1980 | 157,697 | -17,485 | - | - |
| 1979 | 154,779 | -16,296 | - | - |
| 1978 | 154,043 | -16,909 | - | - |
| 1977 | 152,825 | -17,077 | - | - |
| 1976 | 151,201 | -16,866 | - | - |
| 1975 | 149,339 | -16,425 | - | - |
| 1974 | 147,652 | -15,402 | - | - |
| 1973 | 146,283 | -14,594 | - | - |
| 1972 | 143,255 | -14,262 | - | - |
| 1971 | 140,473 | -14,156 | - | - |
| 1970 | 137,835 | -14,255 | - | - |
| 1969 | 135,445 | -14,531 | - | - |
| 1968 | 133,666 | -14,901 | - | - |
| 1967 | 133,091 | -15,324 | - | - |
| 1966 | 132,096 | -15,701 | 346,958 | 18,774 |
| 1965 | 125,345 | -15,978 | - | - |
| 1964 | 127,504 | -16,059 | - | - |
| 1963 | 124,994 | -15,889 | - | - |
| 1962 | 122,977 | -15,389 | - | - |
| 1961 | 120,316 | -14,511 | - | - |
| 1960 | 117,346 | -13,344 | - | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); National Statistics, Taiwan (1966–2024, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/dominican-republic/taiwan | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 81.6% of the population change in the Dominican Republic is from natural causes (a gain of 1,420,447 people) and 18.4% is from migration (a loss of 321,182 people). In Taiwan 57.8% is from natural causes (a loss of 124,655 people) and 42.2% is from migration (a gain of 90,913 people).
Biggest cities by population
|
Dominican Republic
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Santo Domingo | 2.2M |
| Santiago de los Caballeros | 1.34M |
| Puerto Plata | 338K |
| La Vega | 282K |
| Higuey | 251K |
| San Cristobal | 233K |
| San Pedro de Macoris | 217K |
| San Francisco de Macoris | 188K |
| San Juan de la Maguana | 169K |
| Bonao | 158K |
|
Taiwan
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| New Taipei | 4.04M |
| Taichung | 2.87M |
| Kaohsiung | 2.71M |
| Taipei | 2.43M |
| Taoyuan | 2.36M |
| Tainan | 1.85M |
| Hsinchu | 456K |
| Keelung | 359K |
| Chiayi | 262K |
| Zhubei | 221K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between the Dominican Republic and Taiwan
|
Dominican Republic
|
Taiwan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 74.1 years | 81.1 years |
| Average age | 32 years | 44.6 years |
| Median age | 29.3 years | 45.7 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.7:50.3 | 49.2:50.8 |
| Fertility rate | 2.22 births per woman | 0.89 births per woman |
| Population density | 624 ppl/mi² | 1,662 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); National Statistics, Taiwan (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/dominican-republic/taiwan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- National Statistics, Taiwan (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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