The latest officially reported population of Taiwan was 23,331,886 in 2025 vs 10,986,400 people in the United Arab Emirates in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Taiwan's population is 23,229,461 people compared to 11,686,438 in the United Arab Emirates.
Population statistics:
- Taiwan's population is 1.99 times bigger than the United Arab Emirates'.
- Taiwan is ranked the 60th most populous country in the world, while the United Arab Emirates is the 84th.
- The countries together account for 0.42% of the world: 0.28% for Taiwan vs 0.14% for the United Arab Emirates.
- For the last 10 years, Taiwan has had an average growth rate of -0.03% per year vs +3.31% in the United Arab Emirates.
- Since 2006, the population of Taiwan has increased from 22.8M people to 23.2M (1.78% growth), while the United Arab Emirates has grown from 5.01M to 11.7M (133.3% growth).
Taiwan vs United Arab Emirates: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Taiwan
|
UAE
|
|
| 2100 | 10,150,338 | 26,368,750 |
| 2099 | 10,273,881 | 26,130,374 |
| 2098 | 10,399,680 | 25,894,010 |
| 2097 | 10,527,804 | 25,660,062 |
| 2096 | 10,657,536 | 25,427,961 |
| 2095 | 10,789,978 | 25,197,670 |
| 2094 | 10,925,075 | 24,968,891 |
| 2093 | 11,062,491 | 24,741,434 |
| 2092 | 11,202,670 | 24,515,086 |
| 2091 | 11,346,131 | 24,289,496 |
| 2090 | 11,494,369 | 24,064,404 |
| 2089 | 11,644,743 | 23,839,033 |
| 2088 | 11,799,177 | 23,613,963 |
| 2087 | 11,956,109 | 23,388,786 |
| 2086 | 12,116,149 | 23,163,641 |
| 2085 | 12,281,248 | 22,938,169 |
| 2084 | 12,451,872 | 22,711,804 |
| 2083 | 12,625,681 | 22,484,154 |
| 2082 | 12,803,442 | 22,255,625 |
| 2081 | 12,986,931 | 22,026,183 |
| 2080 | 13,174,137 | 21,796,073 |
| 2079 | 13,366,920 | 21,565,118 |
| 2078 | 13,564,788 | 21,333,574 |
| 2077 | 13,765,770 | 21,101,274 |
| 2076 | 13,969,802 | 20,868,733 |
| 2075 | 14,178,904 | 20,636,203 |
| 2074 | 14,391,331 | 20,404,044 |
| 2073 | 14,606,033 | 20,171,659 |
| 2072 | 14,824,987 | 19,940,853 |
| 2071 | 15,045,310 | 19,710,934 |
| 2070 | 15,266,143 | 19,483,026 |
| 2069 | 15,488,280 | 19,256,572 |
| 2068 | 15,714,125 | 19,032,681 |
| 2067 | 15,940,945 | 18,811,331 |
| 2066 | 16,167,553 | 18,593,017 |
| 2065 | 16,396,032 | 18,377,364 |
| 2064 | 16,625,600 | 18,164,584 |
| 2063 | 16,854,355 | 17,955,352 |
| 2062 | 17,084,600 | 17,749,596 |
| 2061 | 17,314,450 | 17,547,827 |
| 2060 | 17,541,998 | 17,349,620 |
| 2059 | 17,767,014 | 17,153,273 |
| 2058 | 17,988,239 | 16,959,263 |
| 2057 | 18,208,151 | 16,767,893 |
| 2056 | 18,423,453 | 16,579,195 |
| 2055 | 18,639,554 | 16,392,558 |
| 2054 | 18,853,384 | 16,207,309 |
| 2053 | 19,063,428 | 16,024,789 |
| 2052 | 19,270,076 | 15,844,357 |
| 2051 | 19,474,323 | 15,665,362 |
| 2050 | 19,677,203 | 15,487,008 |
| 2049 | 19,878,438 | 15,309,031 |
| 2048 | 20,073,645 | 15,132,784 |
| 2047 | 20,267,326 | 14,958,209 |
| 2046 | 20,454,154 | 14,788,046 |
| 2045 | 20,640,565 | 14,620,902 |
| 2044 | 20,819,477 | 14,454,466 |
| 2043 | 20,995,111 | 14,289,021 |
| 2042 | 21,166,213 | 14,124,515 |
| 2041 | 21,331,710 | 13,961,010 |
| 2040 | 21,491,361 | 13,798,651 |
| 2039 | 21,645,911 | 13,637,499 |
| 2038 | 21,794,529 | 13,477,450 |
| 2037 | 21,939,617 | 13,319,346 |
| 2036 | 22,077,701 | 13,163,073 |
| 2035 | 22,211,115 | 13,009,160 |
| 2034 | 22,340,809 | 12,857,729 |
| 2033 | 22,463,465 | 12,709,520 |
| 2032 | 22,582,449 | 12,564,906 |
| 2031 | 22,698,460 | 12,424,286 |
| 2030 | 22,809,605 | 12,288,186 |
| 2029 | 22,916,803 | 12,148,661 |
| 2028 | 23,022,058 | 11,999,549 |
| 2027 | 23,127,410 | 11,831,082 |
| 2026 | 23,229,461 | 11,632,806 |
| 2025 | 23,331,886 | 11,367,504 |
| 2024 | 23,410,331 | 10,986,400 |
| 2023 | 23,342,541 | 10,483,751 |
| 2022 | 23,319,977 | 10,074,977 |
| 2021 | 23,468,275 | 9,575,152 |
| 2020 | 23,582,179 | 9,401,038 |
| 2019 | 23,596,027 | 9,445,785 |
| 2018 | 23,580,080 | 9,346,701 |
| 2017 | 23,555,522 | 9,223,225 |
| 2016 | 23,515,945 | 8,935,095 |
| 2015 | 23,462,914 | 8,505,237 |
| 2014 | 23,403,635 | 8,059,440 |
| 2013 | 23,344,670 | 7,693,031 |
| 2012 | 23,270,367 | 7,391,448 |
| 2011 | 23,193,518 | 7,104,538 |
| 2010 | 23,140,948 | 6,869,838 |
| 2009 | 23,078,402 | 6,707,058 |
| 2008 | 22,997,696 | 6,302,664 |
| 2007 | 22,917,444 | 5,624,635 |
| 2006 | 22,823,455 | 5,009,100 |
| 2005 | 22,729,753 | 4,664,790 |
| 2004 | 22,646,836 | 4,428,967 |
| 2003 | 22,562,663 | 4,192,457 |
| 2002 | 22,463,172 | 3,956,826 |
| 2001 | 22,341,120 | 3,723,590 |
| 2000 | 22,184,530 | 3,493,575 |
| 1999 | 22,010,489 | 3,266,009 |
| 1998 | 21,835,703 | 3,040,421 |
| 1997 | 21,634,124 | 2,817,410 |
| 1996 | 21,441,432 | 2,597,564 |
| 1995 | 21,267,653 | 2,434,662 |
| 1994 | 21,086,645 | 2,328,188 |
| 1993 | 20,899,019 | 2,222,093 |
| 1992 | 20,704,227 | 2,114,730 |
| 1991 | 20,503,568 | 2,006,626 |
| 1990 | 20,278,946 | 1,898,220 |
| 1989 | 20,055,492 | 1,789,851 |
| 1988 | 19,839,704 | 1,681,788 |
| 1987 | 19,617,046 | 1,574,244 |
| 1986 | 19,411,454 | 1,467,383 |
| 1985 | 19,191,510 | 1,377,911 |
| 1984 | 18,929,866 | 1,305,996 |
| 1983 | 18,653,146 | 1,235,305 |
| 1982 | 18,354,855 | 1,166,370 |
| 1981 | 18,029,982 | 1,099,855 |
| 1980 | 17,704,538 | 1,015,700 |
| 1979 | 17,372,779 | 912,010 |
| 1978 | 17,042,272 | 809,274 |
| 1977 | 16,730,895 | 710,209 |
| 1976 | 16,401,413 | 615,866 |
| 1975 | 16,075,128 | 542,856 |
| 1974 | 15,784,817 | 489,087 |
| 1973 | 15,505,121 | 436,399 |
| 1972 | 15,220,495 | 385,014 |
| 1971 | 14,913,564 | 335,027 |
| 1970 | 14,582,944 | 286,536 |
| 1969 | 14,068,984 | 239,660 |
| 1968 | 13,548,537 | 199,416 |
| 1967 | 13,210,344 | 179,700 |
| 1966 | 12,874,153 | 173,976 |
| 1965 | 12,511,863 | 167,103 |
| 1964 | 12,137,143 | 159,692 |
| 1963 | 11,762,101 | 152,211 |
| 1962 | 11,392,513 | 144,946 |
| 1961 | 11,030,385 | 137,989 |
| 1960 | 10,667,705 | 131,334 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); National Statistics, Taiwan (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-09); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/taiwan/united-arab-emirates | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Taiwan increased by 692,490 people (a 3.03% growth), while the United Arab Emirates gained 3,925,995 people (a 78.4% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Taiwan lost 286,484 people (a 1.22% decline), while the United Arab Emirates' population increased by 2,751,343 people (a 30.8% growth).
Taiwan was ranked 49th most populous country in 2006 and is 60th in 2026. The United Arab Emirates was ranked 114th in 2006 and ranked 84th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Taiwan's population will shrink by 15.3% to 19,677,203 people with a rank change from 60th to 76th. The population of the United Arab Emirates will increase by 32.5% to 15,487,008 people and will still be ranked 84th.
The United Arab Emirates is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 26.4M people, while Taiwan's population already peaked in 2019 at 23.6M people and is projected to decrease to 10.2M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Taiwan
|
UAE
|
|
| 2100 | -1.2% | 0.91% |
| 2099 | -1.21% | 0.91% |
| 2098 | -1.22% | 0.91% |
| 2097 | -1.22% | 0.91% |
| 2096 | -1.23% | 0.91% |
| 2095 | -1.24% | 0.92% |
| 2094 | -1.24% | 0.92% |
| 2093 | -1.25% | 0.92% |
| 2092 | -1.26% | 0.93% |
| 2091 | -1.29% | 0.94% |
| 2090 | -1.29% | 0.95% |
| 2089 | -1.31% | 0.95% |
| 2088 | -1.31% | 0.96% |
| 2087 | -1.32% | 0.97% |
| 2086 | -1.34% | 0.98% |
| 2085 | -1.37% | 1% |
| 2084 | -1.38% | 1.01% |
| 2083 | -1.39% | 1.03% |
| 2082 | -1.41% | 1.04% |
| 2081 | -1.42% | 1.06% |
| 2080 | -1.44% | 1.07% |
| 2079 | -1.46% | 1.09% |
| 2078 | -1.46% | 1.1% |
| 2077 | -1.46% | 1.11% |
| 2076 | -1.47% | 1.13% |
| 2075 | -1.48% | 1.14% |
| 2074 | -1.47% | 1.15% |
| 2073 | -1.48% | 1.16% |
| 2072 | -1.46% | 1.17% |
| 2071 | -1.45% | 1.17% |
| 2070 | -1.43% | 1.18% |
| 2069 | -1.44% | 1.18% |
| 2068 | -1.42% | 1.18% |
| 2067 | -1.4% | 1.17% |
| 2066 | -1.39% | 1.17% |
| 2065 | -1.38% | 1.17% |
| 2064 | -1.36% | 1.17% |
| 2063 | -1.35% | 1.16% |
| 2062 | -1.33% | 1.15% |
| 2061 | -1.3% | 1.14% |
| 2060 | -1.27% | 1.14% |
| 2059 | -1.23% | 1.14% |
| 2058 | -1.21% | 1.14% |
| 2057 | -1.17% | 1.14% |
| 2056 | -1.16% | 1.14% |
| 2055 | -1.13% | 1.14% |
| 2054 | -1.1% | 1.14% |
| 2053 | -1.07% | 1.14% |
| 2052 | -1.05% | 1.14% |
| 2051 | -1.03% | 1.15% |
| 2050 | -1.01% | 1.16% |
| 2049 | -0.97% | 1.16% |
| 2048 | -0.96% | 1.17% |
| 2047 | -0.91% | 1.15% |
| 2046 | -0.9% | 1.14% |
| 2045 | -0.86% | 1.15% |
| 2044 | -0.84% | 1.16% |
| 2043 | -0.81% | 1.16% |
| 2042 | -0.78% | 1.17% |
| 2041 | -0.74% | 1.18% |
| 2040 | -0.71% | 1.18% |
| 2039 | -0.68% | 1.19% |
| 2038 | -0.66% | 1.19% |
| 2037 | -0.63% | 1.19% |
| 2036 | -0.6% | 1.18% |
| 2035 | -0.58% | 1.18% |
| 2034 | -0.55% | 1.17% |
| 2033 | -0.53% | 1.15% |
| 2032 | -0.51% | 1.13% |
| 2031 | -0.49% | 1.11% |
| 2030 | -0.47% | 1.15% |
| 2029 | -0.46% | 1.24% |
| 2028 | -0.46% | 1.42% |
| 2027 | -0.44% | 1.7% |
| 2026 | -0.44% | 2.33% |
| 2025 | -0.34% | 3.47% |
| 2024 | 0.29% | 4.79% |
| 2023 | 0.1% | 4.06% |
| 2022 | -0.63% | 5.22% |
| 2021 | -0.48% | 1.85% |
| 2020 | -0.06% | -0.47% |
| 2019 | 0.07% | 1.06% |
| 2018 | 0.1% | 1.34% |
| 2017 | 0.17% | 3.22% |
| 2016 | 0.23% | 5.05% |
| 2015 | 0.25% | 5.53% |
| 2014 | 0.25% | 4.76% |
| 2013 | 0.32% | 4.08% |
| 2012 | 0.33% | 4.04% |
| 2011 | 0.23% | 3.42% |
| 2010 | 0.27% | 2.43% |
| 2009 | 0.35% | 6.42% |
| 2008 | 0.35% | 12.1% |
| 2007 | 0.41% | 12.3% |
| 2006 | 0.41% | 7.38% |
| 2005 | 0.37% | 5.32% |
| 2004 | 0.37% | 5.64% |
| 2003 | 0.44% | 5.96% |
| 2002 | 0.55% | 6.26% |
| 2001 | 0.71% | 6.58% |
| 2000 | 0.79% | 6.97% |
| 1999 | 0.8% | 7.42% |
| 1998 | 0.93% | 7.92% |
| 1997 | 0.9% | 8.46% |
| 1996 | 0.82% | 6.69% |
| 1995 | 0.86% | 4.57% |
| 1994 | 0.9% | 4.77% |
| 1993 | 0.94% | 5.08% |
| 1992 | 0.98% | 5.39% |
| 1991 | 1.11% | 5.71% |
| 1990 | 1.11% | 6.05% |
| 1989 | 1.09% | 6.43% |
| 1988 | 1.14% | 6.83% |
| 1987 | 1.06% | 7.28% |
| 1986 | 1.15% | 6.49% |
| 1985 | 1.38% | 5.51% |
| 1984 | 1.48% | 5.72% |
| 1983 | 1.63% | 5.91% |
| 1982 | 1.8% | 6.05% |
| 1981 | 1.84% | 8.29% |
| 1980 | 1.91% | 11.4% |
| 1979 | 1.94% | 12.7% |
| 1978 | 1.86% | 13.9% |
| 1977 | 2.01% | 15.3% |
| 1976 | 2.03% | 13.4% |
| 1975 | 1.84% | 11% |
| 1974 | 1.8% | 12.1% |
| 1973 | 1.87% | 13.3% |
| 1972 | 2.06% | 14.9% |
| 1971 | 2.27% | 16.9% |
| 1970 | 3.65% | 19.6% |
| 1969 | 3.84% | 20.2% |
| 1968 | 2.56% | 11% |
| 1967 | 2.61% | 3.29% |
| 1966 | 2.9% | 4.11% |
| 1965 | 3.09% | 4.64% |
| 1964 | 3.19% | 4.91% |
| 1963 | 3.24% | 5.01% |
| 1962 | 3.28% | 5.04% |
| 1961 | 3.4% | 5.07% |
| 1960 | 3.69% | - |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); National Statistics, Taiwan (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-09); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/taiwan/united-arab-emirates | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Taiwan declined by 0.34%, while the United Arab Emirates' population grew by 4.79%.
Live population counters
|
Taiwan
|
UAE
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
23229461
|
11686438
|
| Population rank | 60/197 | 84/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.28% | 0.14% |
| One net population change |
6.72 minutes
|
1.05 minutes
|
| One birth every |
3.9 minutes
|
5.13 minutes
|
| One death every |
2.6 minutes
|
53.8 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | -215 | +1,377 |
| Annual growth/decline | -78,445 | +502,649 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | -0.34% | +4.79% |
| Population growth rate rank | 180/197 | 3/197 |
| One migration net change every |
11.2 minutes
|
3.32 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +47,029 | +158,634 |
| Net migration rank | 23/196 | 8/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | n/a | 8,157,000 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 8/195 | |
| Foreign-born share of population | n/a | 74% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 2/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Taiwan
|
UAE
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | - | - | 158,634 |
| 2024 | -67,188 | 47,029 | - | 278,439 |
| 2023 | -69,794 | 225,599 | 92,698 | 300,004 |
| 2022 | -68,327 | -42,430 | 81,758 | 322,773 |
| 2021 | -30,039 | -156,010 | 76,802 | 421,663 |
| 2020 | -7,782 | -33,978 | 87,871 | 92,541 |
| 2019 | 1,416 | 12,718 | 86,296 | -125,186 |
| 2018 | 8,725 | 8,888 | 86,840 | 14,611 |
| 2017 | 22,613 | 8,809 | 89,382 | 34,155 |
| 2016 | 35,980 | 11,707 | 87,028 | 195,317 |
| 2015 | 49,741 | 8,581 | 85,044 | 342,468 |
| 2014 | - | - | 84,277 | 360,174 |
| 2013 | - | - | 82,977 | 279,269 |
| 2012 | - | - | 78,682 | 225,921 |
| 2011 | 43,836 | 19,077 | 73,496 | 215,183 |
| 2010 | - | - | 69,907 | 161,842 |
| 2009 | - | - | 66,521 | 163,643 |
| 2008 | - | - | 55,426 | 523,207 |
| 2007 | - | - | 55,048 | 722,380 |
| 2006 | - | - | 54,338 | 399,306 |
| 2005 | - | - | 60,046 | 174,926 |
| 2004 | - | - | 60,344 | 176,319 |
| 2003 | - | - | 59,118 | 177,237 |
| 2002 | - | - | 55,922 | 178,988 |
| 2001 | 132,707 | -3,811 | 52,789 | 178,779 |
| 2000 | - | - | 49,993 | 178,469 |
| 1999 | - | - | 46,198 | 180,469 |
| 1998 | - | - | 41,176 | 183,329 |
| 1997 | - | - | 38,207 | 183,310 |
| 1996 | - | - | 37,886 | 180,296 |
| 1995 | - | - | 38,685 | 68,938 |
| 1994 | - | - | 42,976 | 62,352 |
| 1993 | - | - | 41,324 | 65,545 |
| 1992 | - | - | 42,119 | 65,739 |
| 1991 | 215,698 | -12,128 | 41,409 | 66,943 |
| 1990 | - | - | 41,339 | 67,118 |
| 1989 | - | - | 40,148 | 68,132 |
| 1988 | - | - | 38,861 | 68,991 |
| 1987 | - | - | 37,741 | 69,493 |
| 1986 | - | - | 36,829 | 69,655 |
| 1985 | - | - | 34,855 | 37,605 |
| 1984 | - | - | 33,250 | 38,124 |
| 1983 | - | - | 31,480 | 38,536 |
| 1982 | - | - | 29,585 | 38,276 |
| 1981 | 326,883 | 4,508 | 27,560 | 37,600 |
| 1980 | - | - | 25,005 | 78,148 |
| 1979 | - | - | 21,987 | 82,238 |
| 1978 | - | - | 18,879 | 82,359 |
| 1977 | - | - | 15,787 | 81,111 |
| 1976 | - | - | 12,876 | 78,903 |
| 1975 | - | - | 11,859 | 42,380 |
| 1974 | - | - | 10,835 | 42,474 |
| 1973 | - | - | 9,822 | 42,243 |
| 1972 | - | - | 8,818 | 41,888 |
| 1971 | - | - | 7,839 | 41,425 |
| 1970 | - | - | 6,922 | 40,792 |
| 1969 | - | - | 6,138 | 39,902 |
| 1968 | - | - | 5,588 | 28,866 |
| 1967 | - | - | 5,264 | -283 |
| 1966 | 346,958 | 18,774 | 4,955 | 1,516 |
| 1965 | - | - | 4,675 | 2,598 |
| 1964 | - | - | 4,410 | 3,126 |
| 1963 | - | - | 4,157 | 3,264 |
| 1962 | - | - | 3,901 | 3,212 |
| 1961 | - | - | 3,657 | 3,141 |
| 1960 | - | - | 3,418 | 3,102 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06); National Statistics, Taiwan (1966–2024, retrieved 2026-02-09).
GeoRank.org/population/taiwan/united-arab-emirates | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 56.7% of the population change in Taiwan is from natural causes (a loss of 57,467 people) and 43.3% is from migration (a gain of 43,884 people). In the United Arab Emirates 30.5% is from natural causes (a gain of 857,996 people) and 69.5% is from migration (a gain of 1,958,520 people).
Biggest cities by population
|
Taiwan
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| New Taipei | 4.05M |
| Taichung | 2.87M |
| Kaohsiung | 2.72M |
| Taipei | 2.44M |
| Taoyuan | 2.35M |
| Tainan | 1.85M |
| Hsinchu | 455K |
| Keelung | 360K |
| Chiayi | 261K |
| Changhua | 221K |
|
UAE
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Dubai | 3.94M |
| Abu Dhabi | 1.57M |
| Sharjah | 1.25M |
| Al Ain | 767K |
| Ajman | 490K |
| Ras al-Khaimah | 116K |
| Fujairah | 93.7K |
| Umm al-Quwain | 44.4K |
| Madinat Zayed | 29.1K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Taiwan and the United Arab Emirates
|
Taiwan
|
UAE
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 81.1 years | 83.4 years |
| Average age | 44.1 years | 32.1 years |
| Median age | 45.1 years | 32.6 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.3:50.7 | 63.9:36.1 |
| Fertility rate | 0.89 births per woman | 1.2 births per woman |
| Population density | 1,662 ppl/mi² | 424 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); National Statistics, Taiwan (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-09); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/taiwan/united-arab-emirates | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- National Statistics, Taiwan (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-02-09)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.