The latest officially reported population of Mali was 24,478,595 in 2024 vs 26,498,823 people in North Korea in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Mali's population is 26,143,152 people compared to 26,659,144 in North Korea.
Population statistics:
- North Korea's population is 1.02 times bigger than Mali's.
- Mali is ranked the 58th most populous country in the world, while North Korea is the 57th.
- The countries together account for 0.64% of the world: 0.32% for Mali vs 0.32% for North Korea.
- For the last 10 years, Mali has had an average growth rate of +3.12% per year vs +0.41% in North Korea.
- Since 2006, the population of Mali has increased from 14M people to 26.1M (86.9% growth), while North Korea has grown from 24.5M to 26.7M (8.7% growth).
Mali vs North Korea: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Mali
|
North Korea
|
|
| 2100 | 80,371,693 | 19,604,631 |
| 2099 | 80,051,982 | 19,733,548 |
| 2098 | 79,712,985 | 19,862,949 |
| 2097 | 79,363,373 | 19,993,288 |
| 2096 | 78,996,636 | 20,124,518 |
| 2095 | 78,611,169 | 20,256,401 |
| 2094 | 78,201,275 | 20,388,156 |
| 2093 | 77,780,277 | 20,520,253 |
| 2092 | 77,346,576 | 20,652,961 |
| 2091 | 76,892,849 | 20,785,785 |
| 2090 | 76,418,075 | 20,918,305 |
| 2089 | 75,924,551 | 21,050,580 |
| 2088 | 75,413,374 | 21,182,325 |
| 2087 | 74,882,872 | 21,314,047 |
| 2086 | 74,339,859 | 21,445,329 |
| 2085 | 73,778,163 | 21,575,835 |
| 2084 | 73,197,940 | 21,705,777 |
| 2083 | 72,596,727 | 21,835,029 |
| 2082 | 71,983,705 | 21,964,199 |
| 2081 | 71,348,537 | 22,092,862 |
| 2080 | 70,707,220 | 22,220,948 |
| 2079 | 70,044,626 | 22,348,577 |
| 2078 | 69,367,218 | 22,475,755 |
| 2077 | 68,675,750 | 22,602,817 |
| 2076 | 67,972,574 | 22,729,499 |
| 2075 | 67,256,565 | 22,856,369 |
| 2074 | 66,523,454 | 22,983,784 |
| 2073 | 65,776,035 | 23,111,441 |
| 2072 | 65,016,928 | 23,239,261 |
| 2071 | 64,239,726 | 23,367,583 |
| 2070 | 63,457,636 | 23,496,136 |
| 2069 | 62,664,074 | 23,625,538 |
| 2068 | 61,857,029 | 23,755,136 |
| 2067 | 61,042,577 | 23,884,879 |
| 2066 | 60,222,511 | 24,015,027 |
| 2065 | 59,400,594 | 24,144,985 |
| 2064 | 58,567,263 | 24,274,257 |
| 2063 | 57,727,308 | 24,402,439 |
| 2062 | 56,880,111 | 24,529,941 |
| 2061 | 56,026,848 | 24,656,350 |
| 2060 | 55,166,339 | 24,780,911 |
| 2059 | 54,304,533 | 24,903,037 |
| 2058 | 53,437,711 | 25,023,260 |
| 2057 | 52,565,517 | 25,140,523 |
| 2056 | 51,691,907 | 25,255,342 |
| 2055 | 50,813,138 | 25,366,397 |
| 2054 | 49,936,085 | 25,474,292 |
| 2053 | 49,053,898 | 25,578,870 |
| 2052 | 48,167,179 | 25,679,963 |
| 2051 | 47,280,403 | 25,777,639 |
| 2050 | 46,390,999 | 25,871,673 |
| 2049 | 45,505,968 | 25,962,167 |
| 2048 | 44,617,075 | 26,048,593 |
| 2047 | 43,730,396 | 26,131,429 |
| 2046 | 42,840,806 | 26,210,487 |
| 2045 | 41,951,176 | 26,286,208 |
| 2044 | 41,061,960 | 26,358,331 |
| 2043 | 40,172,937 | 26,427,062 |
| 2042 | 39,286,024 | 26,491,482 |
| 2041 | 38,406,403 | 26,552,564 |
| 2040 | 37,525,963 | 26,609,557 |
| 2039 | 36,652,557 | 26,661,815 |
| 2038 | 35,772,629 | 26,708,400 |
| 2037 | 34,902,845 | 26,749,134 |
| 2036 | 34,036,236 | 26,783,304 |
| 2035 | 33,178,665 | 26,810,026 |
| 2034 | 32,328,037 | 26,828,912 |
| 2033 | 31,486,276 | 26,839,229 |
| 2032 | 30,655,886 | 26,840,944 |
| 2031 | 29,833,522 | 26,832,957 |
| 2030 | 29,028,860 | 26,814,812 |
| 2029 | 28,235,559 | 26,787,117 |
| 2028 | 27,456,170 | 26,749,227 |
| 2027 | 26,690,187 | 26,701,444 |
| 2026 | 25,940,320 | 26,643,460 |
| 2025 | 25,201,616 | 26,575,953 |
| 2024 | 24,478,595 | 26,498,823 |
| 2023 | 23,769,127 | 26,418,204 |
| 2022 | 23,072,640 | 26,328,845 |
| 2021 | 22,388,630 | 26,232,534 |
| 2020 | 21,713,836 | 26,136,312 |
| 2019 | 21,068,405 | 26,037,632 |
| 2018 | 20,442,030 | 25,931,147 |
| 2017 | 19,813,011 | 25,817,709 |
| 2016 | 19,191,289 | 25,698,326 |
| 2015 | 18,593,022 | 25,575,350 |
| 2014 | 18,020,267 | 25,451,262 |
| 2013 | 17,459,615 | 25,329,451 |
| 2012 | 16,957,033 | 25,211,728 |
| 2011 | 16,469,049 | 25,097,874 |
| 2010 | 15,945,198 | 24,987,258 |
| 2009 | 15,435,539 | 24,878,332 |
| 2008 | 14,940,782 | 24,764,618 |
| 2007 | 14,457,775 | 24,646,383 |
| 2006 | 13,990,139 | 24,524,507 |
| 2005 | 13,538,647 | 24,396,433 |
| 2004 | 13,102,409 | 24,254,943 |
| 2003 | 12,684,955 | 24,090,380 |
| 2002 | 12,288,050 | 23,943,973 |
| 2001 | 11,912,158 | 23,815,358 |
| 2000 | 11,559,290 | 23,665,910 |
| 1999 | 11,227,415 | 23,497,599 |
| 1998 | 10,919,573 | 23,311,564 |
| 1997 | 10,646,495 | 23,110,830 |
| 1996 | 10,407,278 | 22,895,746 |
| 1995 | 10,185,365 | 22,669,304 |
| 1994 | 9,967,031 | 22,393,975 |
| 1993 | 9,754,786 | 22,073,352 |
| 1992 | 9,553,540 | 21,750,911 |
| 1991 | 9,362,888 | 21,428,638 |
| 1990 | 9,178,830 | 21,112,137 |
| 1989 | 8,999,938 | 20,804,367 |
| 1988 | 8,833,996 | 20,503,161 |
| 1987 | 8,681,164 | 20,205,483 |
| 1986 | 8,531,277 | 19,910,855 |
| 1985 | 8,374,663 | 19,620,388 |
| 1984 | 8,208,599 | 19,335,043 |
| 1983 | 8,034,400 | 19,054,034 |
| 1982 | 7,860,194 | 18,776,357 |
| 1981 | 7,692,766 | 18,501,295 |
| 1980 | 7,530,515 | 18,236,786 |
| 1979 | 7,375,266 | 17,983,470 |
| 1978 | 7,229,651 | 17,735,995 |
| 1977 | 7,090,979 | 17,492,798 |
| 1976 | 6,960,979 | 17,243,450 |
| 1975 | 6,837,261 | 16,971,055 |
| 1974 | 6,715,436 | 16,673,121 |
| 1973 | 6,597,106 | 16,350,367 |
| 1972 | 6,483,726 | 15,975,069 |
| 1971 | 6,377,944 | 15,572,457 |
| 1970 | 6,276,472 | 15,172,775 |
| 1969 | 6,177,704 | 14,767,615 |
| 1968 | 6,082,979 | 14,365,596 |
| 1967 | 5,990,906 | 13,958,350 |
| 1966 | 5,902,204 | 13,569,094 |
| 1965 | 5,815,487 | 13,219,369 |
| 1964 | 5,730,125 | 12,889,770 |
| 1963 | 5,646,605 | 12,567,057 |
| 1962 | 5,563,917 | 12,262,882 |
| 1961 | 5,482,283 | 11,990,713 |
| 1960 | 5,402,550 | 11,722,953 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/mali/north-korea | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Mali increased by 5,201,150 people (a 37.2% growth), while North Korea gained 1,173,819 people (a 4.79% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Mali gained 6,951,863 people (a 36.2% growth), while North Korea's population increased by 960,818 people (a 3.74% growth).
Mali was ranked 66th most populous country in 2006 and is 58th in 2026. North Korea was ranked 46th in 2006 and ranked 57th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Mali's population will grow by 77.4% to 46,390,999 people with a rank change from 58th to 46th. The population of North Korea will decrease by 2.95% to 25,871,673 people and rank change from 57th to 66th.
Mali is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 80.4M people compared to the peak of 26.8M people in 2032 for North Korea.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Mali
|
North Korea
|
|
| 2100 | 0.4% | -0.65% |
| 2099 | 0.43% | -0.65% |
| 2098 | 0.44% | -0.65% |
| 2097 | 0.46% | -0.65% |
| 2096 | 0.49% | -0.65% |
| 2095 | 0.52% | -0.65% |
| 2094 | 0.54% | -0.64% |
| 2093 | 0.56% | -0.64% |
| 2092 | 0.59% | -0.64% |
| 2091 | 0.62% | -0.63% |
| 2090 | 0.65% | -0.63% |
| 2089 | 0.68% | -0.62% |
| 2088 | 0.71% | -0.62% |
| 2087 | 0.73% | -0.61% |
| 2086 | 0.76% | -0.6% |
| 2085 | 0.79% | -0.6% |
| 2084 | 0.83% | -0.59% |
| 2083 | 0.85% | -0.59% |
| 2082 | 0.89% | -0.58% |
| 2081 | 0.91% | -0.58% |
| 2080 | 0.95% | -0.57% |
| 2079 | 0.98% | -0.57% |
| 2078 | 1.01% | -0.56% |
| 2077 | 1.03% | -0.56% |
| 2076 | 1.06% | -0.56% |
| 2075 | 1.1% | -0.55% |
| 2074 | 1.14% | -0.55% |
| 2073 | 1.17% | -0.55% |
| 2072 | 1.21% | -0.55% |
| 2071 | 1.23% | -0.55% |
| 2070 | 1.27% | -0.55% |
| 2069 | 1.3% | -0.55% |
| 2068 | 1.33% | -0.54% |
| 2067 | 1.36% | -0.54% |
| 2066 | 1.38% | -0.54% |
| 2065 | 1.42% | -0.53% |
| 2064 | 1.46% | -0.53% |
| 2063 | 1.49% | -0.52% |
| 2062 | 1.52% | -0.51% |
| 2061 | 1.56% | -0.5% |
| 2060 | 1.59% | -0.49% |
| 2059 | 1.62% | -0.48% |
| 2058 | 1.66% | -0.47% |
| 2057 | 1.69% | -0.45% |
| 2056 | 1.73% | -0.44% |
| 2055 | 1.76% | -0.42% |
| 2054 | 1.8% | -0.41% |
| 2053 | 1.84% | -0.39% |
| 2052 | 1.88% | -0.38% |
| 2051 | 1.92% | -0.36% |
| 2050 | 1.94% | -0.35% |
| 2049 | 1.99% | -0.33% |
| 2048 | 2.03% | -0.32% |
| 2047 | 2.08% | -0.3% |
| 2046 | 2.12% | -0.29% |
| 2045 | 2.17% | -0.27% |
| 2044 | 2.21% | -0.26% |
| 2043 | 2.26% | -0.24% |
| 2042 | 2.29% | -0.23% |
| 2041 | 2.35% | -0.21% |
| 2040 | 2.38% | -0.2% |
| 2039 | 2.46% | -0.17% |
| 2038 | 2.49% | -0.15% |
| 2037 | 2.55% | -0.13% |
| 2036 | 2.58% | -0.1% |
| 2035 | 2.63% | -0.07% |
| 2034 | 2.67% | -0.04% |
| 2033 | 2.71% | -0.006% |
| 2032 | 2.76% | 0.03% |
| 2031 | 2.77% | 0.07% |
| 2030 | 2.81% | 0.1% |
| 2029 | 2.84% | 0.14% |
| 2028 | 2.87% | 0.18% |
| 2027 | 2.89% | 0.22% |
| 2026 | 2.93% | 0.25% |
| 2025 | 2.95% | 0.29% |
| 2024 | 2.98% | 0.31% |
| 2023 | 3.02% | 0.34% |
| 2022 | 3.06% | 0.37% |
| 2021 | 3.11% | 0.37% |
| 2020 | 3.06% | 0.38% |
| 2019 | 3.06% | 0.41% |
| 2018 | 3.17% | 0.44% |
| 2017 | 3.24% | 0.46% |
| 2016 | 3.22% | 0.48% |
| 2015 | 3.18% | 0.49% |
| 2014 | 3.21% | 0.48% |
| 2013 | 2.96% | 0.47% |
| 2012 | 2.96% | 0.45% |
| 2011 | 3.29% | 0.44% |
| 2010 | 3.3% | 0.44% |
| 2009 | 3.31% | 0.46% |
| 2008 | 3.34% | 0.48% |
| 2007 | 3.34% | 0.5% |
| 2006 | 3.33% | 0.52% |
| 2005 | 3.33% | 0.58% |
| 2004 | 3.29% | 0.68% |
| 2003 | 3.23% | 0.61% |
| 2002 | 3.16% | 0.54% |
| 2001 | 3.05% | 0.63% |
| 2000 | 2.96% | 0.72% |
| 1999 | 2.82% | 0.8% |
| 1998 | 2.56% | 0.87% |
| 1997 | 2.3% | 0.94% |
| 1996 | 2.18% | 1% |
| 1995 | 2.19% | 1.23% |
| 1994 | 2.18% | 1.45% |
| 1993 | 2.11% | 1.48% |
| 1992 | 2.04% | 1.5% |
| 1991 | 2.01% | 1.5% |
| 1990 | 1.99% | 1.48% |
| 1989 | 1.88% | 1.47% |
| 1988 | 1.76% | 1.47% |
| 1987 | 1.76% | 1.48% |
| 1986 | 1.87% | 1.48% |
| 1985 | 2.02% | 1.48% |
| 1984 | 2.17% | 1.47% |
| 1983 | 2.22% | 1.48% |
| 1982 | 2.18% | 1.49% |
| 1981 | 2.15% | 1.45% |
| 1980 | 2.1% | 1.41% |
| 1979 | 2.01% | 1.4% |
| 1978 | 1.96% | 1.39% |
| 1977 | 1.87% | 1.45% |
| 1976 | 1.81% | 1.61% |
| 1975 | 1.81% | 1.79% |
| 1974 | 1.79% | 1.97% |
| 1973 | 1.75% | 2.35% |
| 1972 | 1.66% | 2.59% |
| 1971 | 1.62% | 2.63% |
| 1970 | 1.6% | 2.74% |
| 1969 | 1.56% | 2.8% |
| 1968 | 1.54% | 2.92% |
| 1967 | 1.5% | 2.87% |
| 1966 | 1.49% | 2.65% |
| 1965 | 1.49% | 2.56% |
| 1964 | 1.48% | 2.57% |
| 1963 | 1.49% | 2.48% |
| 1962 | 1.49% | 2.27% |
| 1961 | 1.48% | 2.28% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/mali/north-korea | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Mali grew by 2.98%, while North Korea's population grew by 0.31%.
Live population counters
|
Mali
|
North Korea
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
26143152
|
26659144
|
| Population rank | 58/197 | 57/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.32% | 0.32% |
| One net population change |
44.5 seconds
|
6.52 minutes
|
| One birth every |
33.1 seconds
|
1.54 minutes
|
| One death every |
2.56 minutes
|
2.05 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +1,944 | +221 |
| Annual growth/decline | +709,468 | +80,619 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.98% | +0.31% |
| Population growth rate rank | 15/197 | 150/197 |
| One migration net change every |
11 minutes
|
3.15 hours
|
| Annual migration change | -48,019 | -2,787 |
| Net migration rank | 173/196 | 104/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 545,323 | 50,439 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 76/195 | 150/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 2.2% | 0.2% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 131/195 | 189/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mali
|
North Korea
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -48,019 | - | -2,787 |
| 2024 | - | -46,880 | - | -2,473 |
| 2023 | 746,398 | -39,953 | 86,203 | -1,997 |
| 2022 | 726,465 | -39,951 | 96,495 | -1,997 |
| 2021 | 703,674 | -22,210 | 99,710 | -1,585 |
| 2020 | 683,053 | -14,962 | 95,920 | -1,585 |
| 2019 | 667,110 | -44,373 | 106,208 | -3,142 |
| 2018 | 670,723 | -40,710 | 113,164 | -3,225 |
| 2017 | 661,973 | -33,942 | 120,181 | -3,224 |
| 2016 | 645,652 | -30,251 | 125,048 | -3,222 |
| 2015 | 630,006 | -48,872 | 127,365 | -3,208 |
| 2014 | 614,419 | -50,068 | 127,078 | -3,042 |
| 2013 | 597,887 | -40,951 | 122,519 | -2,933 |
| 2012 | 588,748 | -140,507 | 118,773 | -2,919 |
| 2011 | 570,899 | -43,160 | 114,798 | -2,957 |
| 2010 | 554,447 | -34,483 | 112,443 | -3,053 |
| 2009 | 533,730 | -34,383 | 111,530 | -3,058 |
| 2008 | 514,665 | -24,509 | 122,015 | -3,051 |
| 2007 | 495,800 | -19,945 | 120,521 | -3,021 |
| 2006 | 477,665 | -18,247 | 129,171 | -2,948 |
| 2005 | 460,964 | -17,413 | 132,765 | -2,861 |
| 2004 | 439,717 | -10,796 | 155,838 | -2,758 |
| 2003 | 417,766 | -11,768 | 178,775 | -2,717 |
| 2002 | 396,732 | -8,914 | 119,504 | -2,763 |
| 2001 | 376,472 | -12,507 | 143,321 | -2,884 |
| 2000 | 359,159 | -17,395 | 161,591 | -3,142 |
| 1999 | 343,705 | -21,702 | 181,613 | -3,443 |
| 1998 | 323,940 | -30,255 | 197,589 | -3,706 |
| 1997 | 308,429 | -55,978 | 211,325 | -3,745 |
| 1996 | 293,953 | -67,974 | 226,095 | -3,512 |
| 1995 | 285,598 | -67,763 | 233,381 | -3,094 |
| 1994 | 282,356 | -63,533 | 320,861 | -517 |
| 1993 | 274,480 | -68,816 | 320,880 | 0 |
| 1992 | 267,605 | -70,789 | 324,002 | 0 |
| 1991 | 261,656 | -77,172 | 320,551 | 0 |
| 1990 | 252,308 | -68,668 | 312,460 | 0 |
| 1989 | 249,929 | -75,771 | 303,078 | 0 |
| 1988 | 245,682 | -87,952 | 299,305 | 0 |
| 1987 | 238,871 | -90,940 | 296,030 | 0 |
| 1986 | 233,799 | -81,970 | 293,227 | 0 |
| 1985 | 224,734 | -63,347 | 287,714 | 0 |
| 1984 | 218,078 | -47,331 | 282,987 | 0 |
| 1983 | 211,795 | -34,132 | 279,046 | 0 |
| 1982 | 204,892 | -34,140 | 276,332 | 0 |
| 1981 | 198,227 | -34,130 | 273,800 | 0 |
| 1980 | 190,560 | -30,156 | 255,206 | 0 |
| 1979 | 182,449 | -32,353 | 251,409 | 0 |
| 1978 | 172,652 | -31,520 | 243,533 | 0 |
| 1977 | 165,071 | -28,853 | 242,870 | 0 |
| 1976 | 157,778 | -33,999 | 255,841 | 0 |
| 1975 | 150,222 | -26,572 | 288,966 | 0 |
| 1974 | 142,448 | -22,449 | 306,902 | 0 |
| 1973 | 135,801 | -19,137 | 338,600 | 0 |
| 1972 | 129,687 | -19,594 | 411,997 | 0 |
| 1971 | 123,591 | -22,127 | 393,220 | 0 |
| 1970 | 118,952 | -17,479 | 406,129 | 0 |
| 1969 | 114,361 | -18,302 | 404,189 | 0 |
| 1968 | 111,403 | -18,015 | 399,837 | 0 |
| 1967 | 107,650 | -16,900 | 414,632 | 0 |
| 1966 | 103,684 | -17,032 | 363,882 | 0 |
| 1965 | 100,451 | -13,662 | 335,587 | 0 |
| 1964 | 97,166 | -13,226 | 323,623 | 0 |
| 1963 | 95,055 | -11,951 | 321,805 | 0 |
| 1962 | 93,101 | -10,821 | 286,534 | 0 |
| 1961 | 91,115 | -10,139 | 257,788 | 0 |
| 1960 | 88,802 | -10,314 | 277,717 | 0 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/mali/north-korea | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 94.9% of the population change in Mali is from natural causes (a gain of 6,749,473 people) and 5.13% is from migration (a loss of 365,292 people). In North Korea 97.7% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,097,372 people) and 2.33% is from migration (a loss of 26,227 people).
As of 2024, 545,323 residents or 2.2% of the population were not native-born in Mali, compared to 50,439 people or 0.2% in North Korea.
Biggest cities by population
|
Mali
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Bamako | 4.23M |
| Sikasso | 214K |
| Segou | 134K |
| Bougouni | 59.7K |
| Markala | 46K |
| Koulikoro | 43.2K |
| Banamba | 30.6K |
|
North Korea
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Pyongyang | 2.86M |
| Hamhung | 769K |
| Chongjin | 668K |
| Sunchon | 437K |
| Nampo | 367K |
| Wonsan | 363K |
| Sinuiju | 359K |
| Tanchon | 346K |
| Kaechon | 320K |
| Kaesong | 308K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Mali and North Korea
|
Mali
|
North Korea
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 61.1 years | 74 years |
| Average age | 21.3 years | 38 years |
| Median age | 16.7 years | 37.3 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.5:49.5 | 49.5:50.5 |
| Fertility rate | 5.61 births per woman | 1.78 births per woman |
| Population density | 55.1 ppl/mi² | 573 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/mali/north-korea | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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