The latest officially reported population of the DR Congo was 112,832,473 in 2025 vs 25,198,821 people in Mali in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current DR Congo's population is 118,386,491 people compared to 26,322,576 in Mali.
Population statistics:
- The DR Congo's population is 4.5 times bigger than Mali's.
- The DR Congo is ranked the 14th most populous country in the world, while Mali is the 58th.
- The countries together account for 1.74% of the world: 1.42% for the DR Congo vs 0.32% for Mali.
- For the last 10 years, the DR Congo has had an average growth rate of +3.36% per year vs +3.1% in Mali.
- Since 2006, the population of the DR Congo has increased from 60.6M people to 118M (95.3% growth), while Mali has grown from 14M to 26.3M (88.2% growth).
DR Congo vs Mali: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
DR Congo
|
Mali
|
|
| 2100 | 436,237,219 | 80,362,778 |
| 2099 | 433,289,774 | 80,043,103 |
| 2098 | 430,252,622 | 79,704,143 |
| 2097 | 427,149,320 | 79,354,569 |
| 2096 | 423,961,963 | 78,987,874 |
| 2095 | 420,678,721 | 78,602,449 |
| 2094 | 417,304,547 | 78,192,601 |
| 2093 | 413,867,290 | 77,771,649 |
| 2092 | 410,362,003 | 77,337,997 |
| 2091 | 406,763,717 | 76,884,320 |
| 2090 | 403,089,566 | 76,409,599 |
| 2089 | 399,334,389 | 75,916,129 |
| 2088 | 395,507,774 | 75,405,009 |
| 2087 | 391,613,249 | 74,874,565 |
| 2086 | 387,639,503 | 74,331,613 |
| 2085 | 383,604,733 | 73,769,979 |
| 2084 | 379,495,246 | 73,189,821 |
| 2083 | 375,330,369 | 72,588,675 |
| 2082 | 371,124,615 | 71,975,720 |
| 2081 | 366,878,238 | 71,340,622 |
| 2080 | 362,574,665 | 70,699,377 |
| 2079 | 358,227,097 | 70,036,857 |
| 2078 | 353,821,014 | 69,359,523 |
| 2077 | 349,368,182 | 68,668,133 |
| 2076 | 344,866,731 | 67,965,034 |
| 2075 | 340,338,504 | 67,249,105 |
| 2074 | 335,761,691 | 66,516,075 |
| 2073 | 331,157,281 | 65,768,739 |
| 2072 | 326,505,656 | 65,009,716 |
| 2071 | 321,830,769 | 64,232,600 |
| 2070 | 317,104,580 | 63,450,597 |
| 2069 | 312,349,776 | 62,657,123 |
| 2068 | 307,566,932 | 61,850,168 |
| 2067 | 302,762,490 | 61,035,806 |
| 2066 | 297,932,241 | 60,215,831 |
| 2065 | 293,081,284 | 59,394,005 |
| 2064 | 288,211,987 | 58,560,766 |
| 2063 | 283,315,009 | 57,720,905 |
| 2062 | 278,399,192 | 56,873,801 |
| 2061 | 273,464,914 | 56,020,633 |
| 2060 | 268,520,814 | 55,160,220 |
| 2059 | 263,570,338 | 54,298,509 |
| 2058 | 258,622,778 | 53,431,783 |
| 2057 | 253,685,085 | 52,559,686 |
| 2056 | 248,748,321 | 51,686,173 |
| 2055 | 243,814,854 | 50,807,502 |
| 2054 | 238,885,417 | 49,930,546 |
| 2053 | 233,971,468 | 49,048,457 |
| 2052 | 229,073,420 | 48,161,836 |
| 2051 | 224,197,775 | 47,275,159 |
| 2050 | 219,354,949 | 46,385,854 |
| 2049 | 214,547,398 | 45,500,920 |
| 2048 | 209,774,448 | 44,612,126 |
| 2047 | 205,040,532 | 43,725,546 |
| 2046 | 200,341,405 | 42,836,054 |
| 2045 | 195,693,533 | 41,946,522 |
| 2044 | 191,087,342 | 41,057,406 |
| 2043 | 186,534,055 | 40,168,481 |
| 2042 | 182,033,706 | 39,281,666 |
| 2041 | 177,583,290 | 38,402,142 |
| 2040 | 173,191,594 | 37,521,801 |
| 2039 | 168,846,440 | 36,648,491 |
| 2038 | 164,551,895 | 35,768,661 |
| 2037 | 160,316,591 | 34,898,973 |
| 2036 | 156,099,100 | 34,032,460 |
| 2035 | 151,924,296 | 33,174,985 |
| 2034 | 147,782,785 | 32,324,451 |
| 2033 | 143,684,929 | 31,482,783 |
| 2032 | 139,642,368 | 30,652,485 |
| 2031 | 135,634,548 | 29,830,213 |
| 2030 | 131,685,113 | 29,025,640 |
| 2029 | 127,793,612 | 28,232,427 |
| 2028 | 123,956,913 | 27,453,124 |
| 2027 | 120,188,952 | 26,687,226 |
| 2026 | 116,482,769 | 25,937,442 |
| 2025 | 112,832,473 | 25,198,821 |
| 2024 | 109,276,265 | 24,478,595 |
| 2023 | 105,789,731 | 23,769,127 |
| 2022 | 102,396,968 | 23,072,640 |
| 2021 | 99,148,932 | 22,388,630 |
| 2020 | 95,989,998 | 21,713,836 |
| 2019 | 92,947,442 | 21,068,405 |
| 2018 | 90,047,644 | 20,442,030 |
| 2017 | 87,083,398 | 19,813,011 |
| 2016 | 83,956,415 | 19,191,289 |
| 2015 | 81,035,531 | 18,593,022 |
| 2014 | 78,403,242 | 18,020,267 |
| 2013 | 75,789,395 | 17,459,615 |
| 2012 | 73,254,618 | 16,957,033 |
| 2011 | 70,849,311 | 16,469,049 |
| 2010 | 68,563,038 | 15,945,198 |
| 2009 | 66,412,044 | 15,435,539 |
| 2008 | 64,390,664 | 14,940,782 |
| 2007 | 62,477,752 | 14,457,775 |
| 2006 | 60,615,908 | 13,990,139 |
| 2005 | 58,775,724 | 13,538,647 |
| 2004 | 56,997,741 | 13,102,409 |
| 2003 | 55,343,867 | 12,684,955 |
| 2002 | 53,750,524 | 12,288,050 |
| 2001 | 52,132,646 | 11,912,158 |
| 2000 | 50,507,442 | 11,559,290 |
| 1999 | 48,912,971 | 11,227,415 |
| 1998 | 47,297,600 | 10,919,573 |
| 1997 | 46,029,902 | 10,646,495 |
| 1996 | 45,296,124 | 10,407,278 |
| 1995 | 44,433,704 | 10,185,365 |
| 1994 | 42,626,876 | 9,967,031 |
| 1993 | 40,656,336 | 9,754,786 |
| 1992 | 39,228,910 | 9,553,540 |
| 1991 | 37,925,817 | 9,362,888 |
| 1990 | 36,684,063 | 9,178,830 |
| 1989 | 35,486,866 | 8,999,938 |
| 1988 | 34,382,752 | 8,833,996 |
| 1987 | 33,298,904 | 8,681,164 |
| 1986 | 32,265,196 | 8,531,277 |
| 1985 | 31,264,816 | 8,374,663 |
| 1984 | 30,245,081 | 8,208,599 |
| 1983 | 29,250,963 | 8,034,400 |
| 1982 | 28,338,190 | 7,860,194 |
| 1981 | 27,500,515 | 7,692,766 |
| 1980 | 26,711,099 | 7,530,515 |
| 1979 | 25,886,782 | 7,375,266 |
| 1978 | 24,992,689 | 7,229,651 |
| 1977 | 24,229,061 | 7,090,979 |
| 1976 | 23,624,031 | 6,960,979 |
| 1975 | 23,021,101 | 6,837,261 |
| 1974 | 22,418,878 | 6,715,436 |
| 1973 | 21,827,665 | 6,597,106 |
| 1972 | 21,251,160 | 6,483,726 |
| 1971 | 20,695,569 | 6,377,944 |
| 1970 | 20,137,436 | 6,276,472 |
| 1969 | 19,570,445 | 6,177,704 |
| 1968 | 19,012,189 | 6,082,979 |
| 1967 | 18,462,782 | 5,990,906 |
| 1966 | 17,931,929 | 5,902,204 |
| 1965 | 17,427,802 | 5,815,487 |
| 1964 | 16,955,327 | 5,730,125 |
| 1963 | 16,507,599 | 5,646,605 |
| 1962 | 16,075,724 | 5,563,917 |
| 1961 | 15,662,374 | 5,482,283 |
| 1960 | 15,264,846 | 5,402,550 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/dr-congo/mali | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of the DR Congo increased by 23,340,507 people (a 38.5% growth), while Mali gained 5,201,150 people (a 37.2% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, the DR Congo gained 34,430,076 people (a 41% growth), while Mali's population increased by 7,131,287 people (a 37.2% growth).
The DR Congo was ranked 22nd most populous country in 2006 and is 14th in 2026. Mali was ranked 66th in 2006 and ranked 58th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) the DR Congo's population will grow by 85.3% to 219,354,949 people with a rank change from 14th to 8th. The population of Mali will increase by 76.2% to 46,385,854 people and rank change from 58th to 47th.
The DR Congo is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 436M people compared to the peak of 80.4M people in 2100 for Mali.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
DR Congo
|
Mali
|
|
| 2100 | 0.68% | 0.4% |
| 2099 | 0.71% | 0.43% |
| 2098 | 0.73% | 0.44% |
| 2097 | 0.75% | 0.46% |
| 2096 | 0.78% | 0.49% |
| 2095 | 0.81% | 0.52% |
| 2094 | 0.83% | 0.54% |
| 2093 | 0.85% | 0.56% |
| 2092 | 0.88% | 0.59% |
| 2091 | 0.91% | 0.62% |
| 2090 | 0.94% | 0.65% |
| 2089 | 0.97% | 0.68% |
| 2088 | 0.99% | 0.71% |
| 2087 | 1.03% | 0.73% |
| 2086 | 1.05% | 0.76% |
| 2085 | 1.08% | 0.79% |
| 2084 | 1.11% | 0.83% |
| 2083 | 1.13% | 0.85% |
| 2082 | 1.16% | 0.89% |
| 2081 | 1.19% | 0.91% |
| 2080 | 1.21% | 0.95% |
| 2079 | 1.25% | 0.98% |
| 2078 | 1.27% | 1.01% |
| 2077 | 1.31% | 1.03% |
| 2076 | 1.33% | 1.06% |
| 2075 | 1.36% | 1.1% |
| 2074 | 1.39% | 1.14% |
| 2073 | 1.42% | 1.17% |
| 2072 | 1.45% | 1.21% |
| 2071 | 1.49% | 1.23% |
| 2070 | 1.52% | 1.27% |
| 2069 | 1.56% | 1.3% |
| 2068 | 1.59% | 1.33% |
| 2067 | 1.62% | 1.36% |
| 2066 | 1.66% | 1.38% |
| 2065 | 1.69% | 1.42% |
| 2064 | 1.73% | 1.46% |
| 2063 | 1.77% | 1.49% |
| 2062 | 1.8% | 1.52% |
| 2061 | 1.84% | 1.56% |
| 2060 | 1.88% | 1.59% |
| 2059 | 1.91% | 1.62% |
| 2058 | 1.95% | 1.66% |
| 2057 | 1.98% | 1.69% |
| 2056 | 2.02% | 1.73% |
| 2055 | 2.06% | 1.76% |
| 2054 | 2.1% | 1.8% |
| 2053 | 2.14% | 1.84% |
| 2052 | 2.17% | 1.88% |
| 2051 | 2.21% | 1.92% |
| 2050 | 2.24% | 1.94% |
| 2049 | 2.28% | 1.99% |
| 2048 | 2.31% | 2.03% |
| 2047 | 2.35% | 2.08% |
| 2046 | 2.38% | 2.12% |
| 2045 | 2.41% | 2.17% |
| 2044 | 2.44% | 2.21% |
| 2043 | 2.47% | 2.26% |
| 2042 | 2.51% | 2.29% |
| 2041 | 2.54% | 2.35% |
| 2040 | 2.57% | 2.38% |
| 2039 | 2.61% | 2.46% |
| 2038 | 2.64% | 2.49% |
| 2037 | 2.7% | 2.55% |
| 2036 | 2.75% | 2.58% |
| 2035 | 2.8% | 2.63% |
| 2034 | 2.85% | 2.67% |
| 2033 | 2.89% | 2.71% |
| 2032 | 2.95% | 2.76% |
| 2031 | 3% | 2.77% |
| 2030 | 3.05% | 2.81% |
| 2029 | 3.1% | 2.84% |
| 2028 | 3.14% | 2.87% |
| 2027 | 3.18% | 2.89% |
| 2026 | 3.24% | 2.93% |
| 2025 | 3.25% | 2.94% |
| 2024 | 3.3% | 2.98% |
| 2023 | 3.31% | 3.02% |
| 2022 | 3.28% | 3.06% |
| 2021 | 3.29% | 3.11% |
| 2020 | 3.27% | 3.06% |
| 2019 | 3.22% | 3.06% |
| 2018 | 3.4% | 3.17% |
| 2017 | 3.72% | 3.24% |
| 2016 | 3.6% | 3.22% |
| 2015 | 3.36% | 3.18% |
| 2014 | 3.45% | 3.21% |
| 2013 | 3.46% | 2.96% |
| 2012 | 3.39% | 2.96% |
| 2011 | 3.33% | 3.29% |
| 2010 | 3.24% | 3.3% |
| 2009 | 3.14% | 3.31% |
| 2008 | 3.06% | 3.34% |
| 2007 | 3.07% | 3.34% |
| 2006 | 3.13% | 3.33% |
| 2005 | 3.12% | 3.33% |
| 2004 | 2.99% | 3.29% |
| 2003 | 2.96% | 3.23% |
| 2002 | 3.1% | 3.16% |
| 2001 | 3.22% | 3.05% |
| 2000 | 3.26% | 2.96% |
| 1999 | 3.42% | 2.82% |
| 1998 | 2.75% | 2.56% |
| 1997 | 1.62% | 2.3% |
| 1996 | 1.94% | 2.18% |
| 1995 | 4.24% | 2.19% |
| 1994 | 4.85% | 2.18% |
| 1993 | 3.64% | 2.11% |
| 1992 | 3.44% | 2.04% |
| 1991 | 3.38% | 2.01% |
| 1990 | 3.37% | 1.99% |
| 1989 | 3.21% | 1.88% |
| 1988 | 3.25% | 1.76% |
| 1987 | 3.2% | 1.76% |
| 1986 | 3.2% | 1.87% |
| 1985 | 3.37% | 2.02% |
| 1984 | 3.4% | 2.17% |
| 1983 | 3.22% | 2.22% |
| 1982 | 3.05% | 2.18% |
| 1981 | 2.96% | 2.15% |
| 1980 | 3.18% | 2.1% |
| 1979 | 3.58% | 2.01% |
| 1978 | 3.15% | 1.96% |
| 1977 | 2.56% | 1.87% |
| 1976 | 2.62% | 1.81% |
| 1975 | 2.69% | 1.81% |
| 1974 | 2.71% | 1.79% |
| 1973 | 2.71% | 1.75% |
| 1972 | 2.68% | 1.66% |
| 1971 | 2.77% | 1.62% |
| 1970 | 2.9% | 1.6% |
| 1969 | 2.94% | 1.56% |
| 1968 | 2.98% | 1.54% |
| 1967 | 2.96% | 1.5% |
| 1966 | 2.89% | 1.49% |
| 1965 | 2.79% | 1.49% |
| 1964 | 2.71% | 1.48% |
| 1963 | 2.69% | 1.49% |
| 1962 | 2.64% | 1.49% |
| 1961 | 2.6% | 1.48% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/dr-congo/mali | CC BY
In 2025, the population of the DR Congo grew by 3.25%, while Mali's population grew by 2.94%.
Live population counters
|
DR Congo
|
Mali
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
118386491
|
26322576
|
| Population rank | 14/197 | 58/197 |
| Percent of world population | 1.42% | 0.32% |
| One net population change |
8.89 seconds
|
43.9 seconds
|
| One birth every |
7.06 seconds
|
32.6 seconds
|
| One death every |
34.3 seconds
|
2.52 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +9,743 | +1,973 |
| Annual growth/decline | +3,556,208 | +720,226 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +3.25% | +2.94% |
| Population growth rate rank | 10/197 | 14/197 |
| One migration net change every |
19.3 minutes
|
11 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -27,309 | -48,019 |
| Net migration rank | 159/196 | 173/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 1,085,090 | 545,323 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 57/195 | 76/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 1% | 2.2% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 152/195 | 131/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
DR Congo
|
Mali
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -27,309 | - | -48,019 |
| 2024 | 3,547,217 | -26,968 | 759,375 | -46,880 |
| 2023 | 3,467,787 | -14,992 | 746,398 | -39,953 |
| 2022 | 3,347,664 | -14,991 | 726,465 | -39,951 |
| 2021 | 3,227,992 | -64,639 | 703,674 | -22,210 |
| 2020 | 3,156,152 | -1,633 | 683,053 | -14,962 |
| 2019 | 3,075,538 | -144,920 | 667,110 | -44,373 |
| 2018 | 2,993,184 | -124,246 | 670,723 | -40,710 |
| 2017 | 2,883,245 | 176,290 | 661,973 | -33,942 |
| 2016 | 2,753,687 | 440,748 | 645,652 | -30,251 |
| 2015 | 2,665,016 | -17,711 | 630,006 | -48,872 |
| 2014 | 2,580,251 | 36,966 | 614,419 | -50,068 |
| 2013 | 2,489,378 | 121,097 | 597,887 | -40,951 |
| 2012 | 2,405,462 | 53,668 | 588,748 | -140,507 |
| 2011 | 2,310,679 | 40,891 | 570,899 | -43,160 |
| 2010 | 2,212,255 | 8,823 | 554,447 | -34,483 |
| 2009 | 2,126,912 | -46,009 | 533,730 | -34,383 |
| 2008 | 2,044,210 | -82,339 | 514,665 | -24,509 |
| 2007 | 1,963,738 | -99,742 | 495,800 | -19,945 |
| 2006 | 1,889,398 | -29,715 | 477,665 | -18,247 |
| 2005 | 1,800,300 | 20,384 | 460,964 | -17,413 |
| 2004 | 1,731,022 | 4,260 | 439,717 | -10,796 |
| 2003 | 1,679,188 | -106,731 | 417,766 | -11,768 |
| 2002 | 1,631,597 | -17,358 | 396,732 | -8,914 |
| 2001 | 1,594,999 | 26,523 | 376,472 | -12,507 |
| 2000 | 1,549,518 | 79,340 | 359,159 | -17,395 |
| 1999 | 1,450,318 | 109,761 | 343,705 | -21,702 |
| 1998 | 1,375,130 | 295,560 | 323,940 | -30,255 |
| 1997 | 1,392,037 | -527,356 | 308,429 | -55,978 |
| 1996 | 1,380,490 | -777,833 | 293,953 | -67,974 |
| 1995 | 1,395,440 | -273,434 | 285,598 | -67,763 |
| 1994 | 1,259,539 | 1,232,105 | 282,356 | -63,533 |
| 1993 | 1,209,242 | 240,176 | 274,480 | -68,816 |
| 1992 | 1,152,781 | 252,666 | 267,605 | -70,789 |
| 1991 | 1,114,033 | 86,721 | 261,656 | -77,172 |
| 1990 | 1,063,508 | 219,270 | 252,308 | -68,668 |
| 1989 | 1,027,238 | 84,415 | 249,929 | -75,771 |
| 1988 | 995,278 | 101,314 | 245,682 | -87,952 |
| 1987 | 959,875 | 111,220 | 238,871 | -90,940 |
| 1986 | 925,334 | 70,988 | 233,799 | -81,970 |
| 1985 | 885,670 | 118,791 | 224,734 | -63,347 |
| 1984 | 844,956 | 190,045 | 218,078 | -47,331 |
| 1983 | 807,122 | 146,095 | 211,795 | -34,132 |
| 1982 | 774,823 | 97,495 | 204,892 | -34,140 |
| 1981 | 748,371 | 54,656 | 198,227 | -34,130 |
| 1980 | 724,111 | 51,685 | 190,560 | -30,156 |
| 1979 | 691,773 | 181,028 | 182,449 | -32,353 |
| 1978 | 646,411 | 268,974 | 172,652 | -31,520 |
| 1977 | 638,242 | -26,355 | 165,071 | -28,853 |
| 1976 | 624,147 | -25,965 | 157,778 | -33,999 |
| 1975 | 608,655 | -972 | 150,222 | -26,572 |
| 1974 | 593,539 | 3,216 | 142,448 | -22,449 |
| 1973 | 578,280 | 7,414 | 135,801 | -19,137 |
| 1972 | 564,495 | 2,840 | 129,687 | -19,594 |
| 1971 | 549,343 | -5,497 | 123,591 | -22,127 |
| 1970 | 533,300 | 39,116 | 118,952 | -17,479 |
| 1969 | 514,800 | 46,778 | 114,361 | -18,302 |
| 1968 | 497,682 | 57,274 | 111,403 | -18,015 |
| 1967 | 479,552 | 64,307 | 107,650 | -16,900 |
| 1966 | 463,397 | 54,443 | 103,684 | -17,032 |
| 1965 | 429,002 | 61,397 | 100,451 | -13,662 |
| 1964 | 406,334 | 48,207 | 97,166 | -13,226 |
| 1963 | 398,972 | 41,960 | 95,055 | -11,951 |
| 1962 | 383,406 | 39,431 | 93,101 | -10,821 |
| 1961 | 368,207 | 35,654 | 91,115 | -10,139 |
| 1960 | 363,517 | 27,673 | 88,802 | -10,314 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/dr-congo/mali | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 99.3% of the population change in the DR Congo is from natural causes (a gain of 31,117,482 people) and 0.66% is from migration (a gain of 206,938 people). In Mali 95% is from natural causes (a gain of 6,894,429 people) and 4.99% is from migration (a loss of 362,104 people).
As of 2024, 1,085,090 residents or 1% of the population were not native-born in the DR Congo, compared to 545,323 people or 2.2% in Mali.
Biggest cities by population
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between the DR Congo and Mali
|
DR Congo
|
Mali
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 62.4 years | 61.1 years |
| Average age | 21.9 years | 21.4 years |
| Median age | 16.9 years | 16.8 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.6:50.4 | 50.4:49.6 |
| Fertility rate | 5.98 births per woman | 5.51 births per woman |
| Population density | 133.1 ppl/mi² | 55.1 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/dr-congo/mali | CC BY
Help us show the world through your eyes
Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.
Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.