The latest officially reported population of Finland was 5,646,436 in 2025 vs 26,571,036 people in North Korea in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Finland's population is 5,647,947 people compared to 26,668,308 in North Korea.
Population statistics:
- North Korea's population is 4.72 times bigger than Finland's.
- Finland is ranked the 120th most populous country in the world, while North Korea is the 57th.
- The countries together account for 0.39% of the world: 0.07% for Finland vs 0.32% for North Korea.
- For the last 10 years, Finland has had an average growth rate of +0.3% per year vs +0.39% in North Korea.
- Since 2006, the population of Finland has increased from 5.27M people to 5.65M (7.25% growth), while North Korea has grown from 24.5M to 26.7M (8.74% growth).
Finland vs North Korea: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Finland
|
North Korea
|
|
| 2100 | 4,629,053 | 19,601,003 |
| 2099 | 4,645,228 | 19,729,897 |
| 2098 | 4,661,258 | 19,859,274 |
| 2097 | 4,676,964 | 19,989,589 |
| 2096 | 4,692,260 | 20,120,795 |
| 2095 | 4,707,633 | 20,252,653 |
| 2094 | 4,722,751 | 20,384,384 |
| 2093 | 4,738,088 | 20,516,457 |
| 2092 | 4,753,259 | 20,649,140 |
| 2091 | 4,768,754 | 20,781,939 |
| 2090 | 4,784,445 | 20,914,434 |
| 2089 | 4,799,982 | 21,046,685 |
| 2088 | 4,815,528 | 21,178,406 |
| 2087 | 4,831,523 | 21,310,103 |
| 2086 | 4,847,503 | 21,441,361 |
| 2085 | 4,863,391 | 21,571,843 |
| 2084 | 4,878,695 | 21,701,761 |
| 2083 | 4,894,099 | 21,830,989 |
| 2082 | 4,909,902 | 21,960,135 |
| 2081 | 4,925,741 | 22,088,774 |
| 2080 | 4,941,601 | 22,216,836 |
| 2079 | 4,957,156 | 22,344,442 |
| 2078 | 4,972,238 | 22,471,597 |
| 2077 | 4,987,486 | 22,598,635 |
| 2076 | 5,002,755 | 22,725,293 |
| 2075 | 5,017,572 | 22,852,140 |
| 2074 | 5,032,306 | 22,979,532 |
| 2073 | 5,046,593 | 23,107,165 |
| 2072 | 5,060,464 | 23,234,961 |
| 2071 | 5,074,179 | 23,363,260 |
| 2070 | 5,087,802 | 23,491,789 |
| 2069 | 5,101,058 | 23,621,167 |
| 2068 | 5,114,493 | 23,750,741 |
| 2067 | 5,127,889 | 23,880,460 |
| 2066 | 5,141,202 | 24,010,584 |
| 2065 | 5,155,429 | 24,140,518 |
| 2064 | 5,169,525 | 24,269,765 |
| 2063 | 5,183,843 | 24,397,924 |
| 2062 | 5,198,043 | 24,525,403 |
| 2061 | 5,212,670 | 24,651,788 |
| 2060 | 5,227,697 | 24,776,326 |
| 2059 | 5,242,988 | 24,898,430 |
| 2058 | 5,257,844 | 25,018,630 |
| 2057 | 5,273,628 | 25,135,871 |
| 2056 | 5,289,765 | 25,250,670 |
| 2055 | 5,305,934 | 25,361,704 |
| 2054 | 5,321,736 | 25,469,578 |
| 2053 | 5,337,053 | 25,574,137 |
| 2052 | 5,352,244 | 25,675,211 |
| 2051 | 5,367,229 | 25,772,870 |
| 2050 | 5,381,479 | 25,866,886 |
| 2049 | 5,395,348 | 25,957,363 |
| 2048 | 5,408,876 | 26,043,774 |
| 2047 | 5,422,100 | 26,126,594 |
| 2046 | 5,434,914 | 26,205,638 |
| 2045 | 5,447,770 | 26,281,344 |
| 2044 | 5,460,322 | 26,353,455 |
| 2043 | 5,473,016 | 26,422,173 |
| 2042 | 5,485,319 | 26,486,580 |
| 2041 | 5,497,690 | 26,547,651 |
| 2040 | 5,509,866 | 26,604,634 |
| 2039 | 5,522,256 | 26,656,882 |
| 2038 | 5,534,448 | 26,703,458 |
| 2037 | 5,546,603 | 26,744,185 |
| 2036 | 5,558,413 | 26,778,348 |
| 2035 | 5,569,919 | 26,805,065 |
| 2034 | 5,580,966 | 26,823,948 |
| 2033 | 5,591,512 | 26,834,263 |
| 2032 | 5,601,550 | 26,835,978 |
| 2031 | 5,611,269 | 26,827,992 |
| 2030 | 5,620,291 | 26,809,850 |
| 2029 | 5,628,791 | 26,782,161 |
| 2028 | 5,636,422 | 26,744,278 |
| 2027 | 5,643,240 | 26,696,504 |
| 2026 | 5,647,947 | 26,638,530 |
| 2025 | 5,646,436 | 26,571,036 |
| 2024 | 5,619,911 | 26,498,823 |
| 2023 | 5,583,911 | 26,418,204 |
| 2022 | 5,556,106 | 26,328,845 |
| 2021 | 5,541,017 | 26,232,534 |
| 2020 | 5,529,543 | 26,136,312 |
| 2019 | 5,521,606 | 26,037,632 |
| 2018 | 5,515,525 | 25,931,147 |
| 2017 | 5,508,214 | 25,817,709 |
| 2016 | 5,495,303 | 25,698,326 |
| 2015 | 5,479,531 | 25,575,350 |
| 2014 | 5,461,512 | 25,451,262 |
| 2013 | 5,438,972 | 25,329,451 |
| 2012 | 5,413,971 | 25,211,728 |
| 2011 | 5,388,272 | 25,097,874 |
| 2010 | 5,363,352 | 24,987,258 |
| 2009 | 5,338,871 | 24,878,332 |
| 2008 | 5,313,399 | 24,764,618 |
| 2007 | 5,288,720 | 24,646,383 |
| 2006 | 5,266,268 | 24,524,507 |
| 2005 | 5,246,096 | 24,396,433 |
| 2004 | 5,228,172 | 24,254,943 |
| 2003 | 5,213,014 | 24,090,380 |
| 2002 | 5,200,598 | 23,943,973 |
| 2001 | 5,188,008 | 23,815,358 |
| 2000 | 5,176,209 | 23,665,910 |
| 1999 | 5,165,474 | 23,497,599 |
| 1998 | 5,153,498 | 23,311,564 |
| 1997 | 5,139,835 | 23,110,830 |
| 1996 | 5,124,573 | 22,895,746 |
| 1995 | 5,107,790 | 22,669,304 |
| 1994 | 5,088,333 | 22,393,975 |
| 1993 | 5,066,447 | 22,073,352 |
| 1992 | 5,041,992 | 21,750,911 |
| 1991 | 5,013,740 | 21,428,638 |
| 1990 | 4,986,431 | 21,112,137 |
| 1989 | 4,964,371 | 20,804,367 |
| 1988 | 4,946,481 | 20,503,161 |
| 1987 | 4,932,123 | 20,205,483 |
| 1986 | 4,918,154 | 19,910,855 |
| 1985 | 4,902,206 | 19,620,388 |
| 1984 | 4,881,803 | 19,335,043 |
| 1983 | 4,855,787 | 19,054,034 |
| 1982 | 4,826,933 | 18,776,357 |
| 1981 | 4,799,964 | 18,501,295 |
| 1980 | 4,779,535 | 18,236,786 |
| 1979 | 4,764,690 | 17,983,470 |
| 1978 | 4,752,528 | 17,735,995 |
| 1977 | 4,738,902 | 17,492,798 |
| 1976 | 4,725,664 | 17,243,450 |
| 1975 | 4,711,440 | 16,971,055 |
| 1974 | 4,690,574 | 16,673,121 |
| 1973 | 4,666,081 | 16,350,367 |
| 1972 | 4,639,657 | 15,975,069 |
| 1971 | 4,612,124 | 15,572,457 |
| 1970 | 4,606,307 | 15,172,775 |
| 1969 | 4,623,785 | 14,767,615 |
| 1968 | 4,626,469 | 14,365,596 |
| 1967 | 4,605,744 | 13,958,350 |
| 1966 | 4,580,869 | 13,569,094 |
| 1965 | 4,563,732 | 13,219,369 |
| 1964 | 4,548,543 | 12,889,770 |
| 1963 | 4,523,309 | 12,567,057 |
| 1962 | 4,491,443 | 12,262,882 |
| 1961 | 4,461,005 | 11,990,713 |
| 1960 | 4,429,634 | 11,722,953 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/finland/north-korea | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Finland increased by 229,035 people (a 4.35% growth), while North Korea gained 1,173,819 people (a 4.79% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Finland gained 152,644 people (a 2.78% growth), while North Korea's population increased by 969,982 people (a 3.77% growth).
Finland was ranked 111th most populous country in 2006 and is 120th in 2026. North Korea was ranked 46th in 2006 and ranked 57th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Finland's population will shrink by 4.72% to 5,381,479 people with a rank change from 120th to 126th. The population of North Korea will decrease by 3.01% to 25,866,886 people and rank change from 57th to 66th.
Finland is projected to reach its peak in 2026 at 5.65M people compared to the peak of 26.8M people in 2032 for North Korea.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Finland
|
North Korea
|
|
| 2100 | -0.35% | -0.65% |
| 2099 | -0.34% | -0.65% |
| 2098 | -0.34% | -0.65% |
| 2097 | -0.33% | -0.65% |
| 2096 | -0.33% | -0.65% |
| 2095 | -0.32% | -0.65% |
| 2094 | -0.32% | -0.64% |
| 2093 | -0.32% | -0.64% |
| 2092 | -0.32% | -0.64% |
| 2091 | -0.33% | -0.63% |
| 2090 | -0.32% | -0.63% |
| 2089 | -0.32% | -0.62% |
| 2088 | -0.33% | -0.62% |
| 2087 | -0.33% | -0.61% |
| 2086 | -0.33% | -0.6% |
| 2085 | -0.31% | -0.6% |
| 2084 | -0.31% | -0.59% |
| 2083 | -0.32% | -0.59% |
| 2082 | -0.32% | -0.58% |
| 2081 | -0.32% | -0.58% |
| 2080 | -0.31% | -0.57% |
| 2079 | -0.3% | -0.57% |
| 2078 | -0.31% | -0.56% |
| 2077 | -0.31% | -0.56% |
| 2076 | -0.3% | -0.56% |
| 2075 | -0.29% | -0.55% |
| 2074 | -0.28% | -0.55% |
| 2073 | -0.27% | -0.55% |
| 2072 | -0.27% | -0.55% |
| 2071 | -0.27% | -0.55% |
| 2070 | -0.26% | -0.55% |
| 2069 | -0.26% | -0.55% |
| 2068 | -0.26% | -0.54% |
| 2067 | -0.26% | -0.54% |
| 2066 | -0.28% | -0.54% |
| 2065 | -0.27% | -0.53% |
| 2064 | -0.28% | -0.53% |
| 2063 | -0.27% | -0.52% |
| 2062 | -0.28% | -0.51% |
| 2061 | -0.29% | -0.5% |
| 2060 | -0.29% | -0.49% |
| 2059 | -0.28% | -0.48% |
| 2058 | -0.3% | -0.47% |
| 2057 | -0.31% | -0.45% |
| 2056 | -0.3% | -0.44% |
| 2055 | -0.3% | -0.42% |
| 2054 | -0.29% | -0.41% |
| 2053 | -0.28% | -0.39% |
| 2052 | -0.28% | -0.38% |
| 2051 | -0.26% | -0.36% |
| 2050 | -0.26% | -0.35% |
| 2049 | -0.25% | -0.33% |
| 2048 | -0.24% | -0.32% |
| 2047 | -0.24% | -0.3% |
| 2046 | -0.24% | -0.29% |
| 2045 | -0.23% | -0.27% |
| 2044 | -0.23% | -0.26% |
| 2043 | -0.22% | -0.24% |
| 2042 | -0.23% | -0.23% |
| 2041 | -0.22% | -0.21% |
| 2040 | -0.22% | -0.2% |
| 2039 | -0.22% | -0.17% |
| 2038 | -0.22% | -0.15% |
| 2037 | -0.21% | -0.13% |
| 2036 | -0.21% | -0.1% |
| 2035 | -0.2% | -0.07% |
| 2034 | -0.19% | -0.04% |
| 2033 | -0.18% | -0.006% |
| 2032 | -0.17% | 0.03% |
| 2031 | -0.16% | 0.07% |
| 2030 | -0.15% | 0.1% |
| 2029 | -0.14% | 0.14% |
| 2028 | -0.12% | 0.18% |
| 2027 | -0.08% | 0.22% |
| 2026 | 0.03% | 0.25% |
| 2025 | 0.47% | 0.27% |
| 2024 | 0.64% | 0.31% |
| 2023 | 0.5% | 0.34% |
| 2022 | 0.27% | 0.37% |
| 2021 | 0.21% | 0.37% |
| 2020 | 0.14% | 0.38% |
| 2019 | 0.11% | 0.41% |
| 2018 | 0.13% | 0.44% |
| 2017 | 0.23% | 0.46% |
| 2016 | 0.29% | 0.48% |
| 2015 | 0.33% | 0.49% |
| 2014 | 0.41% | 0.48% |
| 2013 | 0.46% | 0.47% |
| 2012 | 0.48% | 0.45% |
| 2011 | 0.46% | 0.44% |
| 2010 | 0.46% | 0.44% |
| 2009 | 0.48% | 0.46% |
| 2008 | 0.47% | 0.48% |
| 2007 | 0.43% | 0.5% |
| 2006 | 0.38% | 0.52% |
| 2005 | 0.34% | 0.58% |
| 2004 | 0.29% | 0.68% |
| 2003 | 0.24% | 0.61% |
| 2002 | 0.24% | 0.54% |
| 2001 | 0.23% | 0.63% |
| 2000 | 0.21% | 0.72% |
| 1999 | 0.23% | 0.8% |
| 1998 | 0.27% | 0.87% |
| 1997 | 0.3% | 0.94% |
| 1996 | 0.33% | 1% |
| 1995 | 0.38% | 1.23% |
| 1994 | 0.43% | 1.45% |
| 1993 | 0.49% | 1.48% |
| 1992 | 0.56% | 1.5% |
| 1991 | 0.55% | 1.5% |
| 1990 | 0.44% | 1.48% |
| 1989 | 0.36% | 1.47% |
| 1988 | 0.29% | 1.47% |
| 1987 | 0.28% | 1.48% |
| 1986 | 0.33% | 1.48% |
| 1985 | 0.42% | 1.48% |
| 1984 | 0.54% | 1.47% |
| 1983 | 0.6% | 1.48% |
| 1982 | 0.56% | 1.49% |
| 1981 | 0.43% | 1.45% |
| 1980 | 0.31% | 1.41% |
| 1979 | 0.26% | 1.4% |
| 1978 | 0.29% | 1.39% |
| 1977 | 0.28% | 1.45% |
| 1976 | 0.3% | 1.61% |
| 1975 | 0.44% | 1.79% |
| 1974 | 0.52% | 1.97% |
| 1973 | 0.57% | 2.35% |
| 1972 | 0.6% | 2.59% |
| 1971 | 0.13% | 2.63% |
| 1970 | -0.38% | 2.74% |
| 1969 | -0.06% | 2.8% |
| 1968 | 0.45% | 2.92% |
| 1967 | 0.54% | 2.87% |
| 1966 | 0.38% | 2.65% |
| 1965 | 0.33% | 2.56% |
| 1964 | 0.56% | 2.57% |
| 1963 | 0.71% | 2.48% |
| 1962 | 0.68% | 2.27% |
| 1961 | 0.71% | 2.28% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/finland/north-korea | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Finland grew by 0.47%, while North Korea's population grew by 0.27%.
Live population counters
|
Finland
|
North Korea
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
5647947
|
26668308
|
| Population rank | 120/197 | 57/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.07% | 0.32% |
| One net population change |
19.9 minutes
|
7.3 minutes
|
| One birth every |
12 minutes
|
1.54 minutes
|
| One death every |
8.99 minutes
|
2.01 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +73 | +198 |
| Annual growth/decline | +26,525 | +72,213 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.47% | +0.27% |
| Population growth rate rank | 130/197 | 146/197 |
| One migration net change every |
28.9 minutes
|
3.15 hours
|
| Annual migration change | +18,246 | -2,787 |
| Net migration rank | 33/196 | 104/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 514,432 | 50,439 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 79/195 | 150/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 9.2% | 0.2% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 69/195 | 189/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Finland
|
North Korea
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 18,246 | - | -2,787 |
| 2024 | -14,612 | 26,894 | 79,496 | -2,473 |
| 2023 | -17,869 | 38,156 | 86,203 | -1,997 |
| 2022 | -18,335 | 60,353 | 96,495 | -1,997 |
| 2021 | -7,757 | 22,484 | 99,710 | -1,585 |
| 2020 | -8,847 | 17,504 | 95,920 | -1,585 |
| 2019 | -8,282 | 15,671 | 106,208 | -3,142 |
| 2018 | -7,170 | 11,822 | 113,164 | -3,225 |
| 2017 | -3,856 | 13,356 | 120,181 | -3,224 |
| 2016 | -1,099 | 17,321 | 125,048 | -3,222 |
| 2015 | 2,740 | 12,655 | 127,365 | -3,208 |
| 2014 | 4,915 | 15,915 | 127,078 | -3,042 |
| 2013 | 6,527 | 18,164 | 122,519 | -2,933 |
| 2012 | 7,579 | 17,894 | 118,773 | -2,919 |
| 2011 | 9,160 | 16,798 | 114,798 | -2,957 |
| 2010 | 10,191 | 14,080 | 112,443 | -3,053 |
| 2009 | 10,678 | 14,877 | 111,530 | -3,058 |
| 2008 | 10,627 | 15,626 | 122,015 | -3,051 |
| 2007 | 9,519 | 14,027 | 120,521 | -3,021 |
| 2006 | 11,059 | 10,820 | 129,171 | -2,948 |
| 2005 | 9,968 | 9,251 | 132,765 | -2,861 |
| 2004 | 9,933 | 6,956 | 155,838 | -2,758 |
| 2003 | 7,819 | 5,929 | 178,775 | -2,717 |
| 2002 | 6,241 | 5,255 | 119,504 | -2,763 |
| 2001 | 7,263 | 6,241 | 143,321 | -2,884 |
| 2000 | 7,765 | 2,497 | 161,591 | -3,142 |
| 1999 | 7,748 | 3,604 | 181,613 | -3,443 |
| 1998 | 7,730 | 4,417 | 197,589 | -3,706 |
| 1997 | 9,766 | 4,925 | 211,325 | -3,745 |
| 1996 | 11,274 | 3,757 | 226,095 | -3,512 |
| 1995 | 13,791 | 4,325 | 233,381 | -3,094 |
| 1994 | 17,300 | 3,834 | 320,861 | -517 |
| 1993 | 13,679 | 9,036 | 320,880 | 0 |
| 1992 | 16,639 | 9,356 | 324,002 | 0 |
| 1991 | 16,044 | 14,515 | 320,551 | 0 |
| 1990 | 15,458 | 8,920 | 312,460 | 0 |
| 1989 | 14,396 | 5,775 | 303,078 | 0 |
| 1988 | 14,344 | 1,765 | 299,305 | 0 |
| 1987 | 11,837 | 831 | 296,030 | 0 |
| 1986 | 13,279 | 1,491 | 293,227 | 0 |
| 1985 | 14,707 | 2,416 | 287,714 | 0 |
| 1984 | 20,015 | 3,972 | 282,987 | 0 |
| 1983 | 21,851 | 6,925 | 279,046 | 0 |
| 1982 | 22,686 | 7,109 | 276,332 | 0 |
| 1981 | 18,720 | 5,287 | 273,800 | 0 |
| 1980 | 18,640 | -2,212 | 255,206 | 0 |
| 1979 | 19,535 | -6,612 | 251,409 | 0 |
| 1978 | 20,436 | -9,348 | 243,533 | 0 |
| 1977 | 21,799 | -5,697 | 242,870 | 0 |
| 1976 | 21,738 | -11,843 | 255,841 | 0 |
| 1975 | 21,673 | -3,807 | 288,966 | 0 |
| 1974 | 17,824 | 5,891 | 306,902 | 0 |
| 1973 | 13,532 | 11,558 | 338,600 | 0 |
| 1972 | 14,847 | 12,613 | 411,997 | 0 |
| 1971 | 15,220 | 12,286 | 393,220 | 0 |
| 1970 | 20,268 | -36,579 | 406,129 | 0 |
| 1969 | 21,732 | -42,207 | 404,189 | 0 |
| 1968 | 28,684 | -15,561 | 399,837 | 0 |
| 1967 | 33,622 | -5,353 | 414,632 | 0 |
| 1966 | 34,356 | -12,059 | 363,882 | 0 |
| 1965 | 33,771 | -21,731 | 335,587 | 0 |
| 1964 | 38,208 | -20,414 | 323,623 | 0 |
| 1963 | 40,258 | -7,624 | 321,805 | 0 |
| 1962 | 38,627 | -6,852 | 286,534 | 0 |
| 1961 | 41,487 | -11,828 | 257,788 | 0 |
| 1960 | 42,082 | -9,489 | 277,717 | 0 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/finland/north-korea | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 26.5% of the population change in Finland is from natural causes (a loss of 85,087 people) and 73.5% is from migration (a gain of 236,216 people). In North Korea 97.6% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,049,790 people) and 2.39% is from migration (a loss of 25,658 people).
As of 2024, 514,432 residents or 9.2% of the population were not native-born in Finland, compared to 50,439 people or 0.2% in North Korea.
Biggest cities by population
|
Finland
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Helsinki | 694K |
| Espoo | 326K |
| Tampere | 255K |
| Vantaa | 248K |
| Oulu | 217K |
| Turku | 210K |
| Jyvaskyla | 150K |
| Kuopio | 127K |
| Lahti | 122K |
| Pori | 83K |
|
North Korea
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Pyongyang | 2.86M |
| Hamhung | 769K |
| Chongjin | 668K |
| Sunchon | 437K |
| Nampo | 367K |
| Wonsan | 363K |
| Sinuiju | 359K |
| Tanchon | 346K |
| Kaechon | 320K |
| Kaesong | 308K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Finland and North Korea
|
Finland
|
North Korea
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 82.4 years | 74 years |
| Average age | 44.1 years | 38.2 years |
| Median age | 44.2 years | 37.6 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.4:50.6 | 49.5:50.5 |
| Fertility rate | 1.25 births per woman | 1.78 births per woman |
| Population density | 48.1 ppl/mi² | 573 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/finland/north-korea | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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