The latest officially reported population of the Solomon Islands was 819,198 in 2024 vs 9,005,582 people in Switzerland in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Solomon Islands' population is 863,951 people compared to 9,107,866 in Switzerland.
Population statistics:
- Switzerland's population is 10.5 times bigger than the Solomon Islands'.
- The Solomon Islands is ranked the 161st most populous country in the world, while Switzerland is the 100th.
- The countries together account for 0.12% of the world: 0.01% for the Solomon Islands vs 0.11% for Switzerland.
- For the last 10 years, the Solomon Islands has had an average growth rate of +2.95% per year vs +0.98% in Switzerland.
- Since 2006, the population of the Solomon Islands has increased from 492K people to 864K (75.7% growth), while Switzerland has grown from 7.48M to 9.11M (21.7% growth).
Solomon Islands vs Switzerland: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Solomon Islands
|
Switzerland
|
|
| 2100 | 1,869,358 | 9,234,296 |
| 2099 | 1,865,277 | 9,226,472 |
| 2098 | 1,861,047 | 9,220,109 |
| 2097 | 1,856,421 | 9,212,728 |
| 2096 | 1,851,585 | 9,208,997 |
| 2095 | 1,846,229 | 9,203,477 |
| 2094 | 1,840,799 | 9,199,095 |
| 2093 | 1,834,881 | 9,196,672 |
| 2092 | 1,828,545 | 9,194,082 |
| 2091 | 1,822,001 | 9,191,145 |
| 2090 | 1,815,153 | 9,189,122 |
| 2089 | 1,808,103 | 9,188,754 |
| 2088 | 1,800,741 | 9,190,102 |
| 2087 | 1,793,136 | 9,189,763 |
| 2086 | 1,785,209 | 9,191,494 |
| 2085 | 1,777,013 | 9,195,728 |
| 2084 | 1,768,444 | 9,199,983 |
| 2083 | 1,759,601 | 9,204,908 |
| 2082 | 1,750,433 | 9,210,695 |
| 2081 | 1,740,952 | 9,217,065 |
| 2080 | 1,731,110 | 9,223,475 |
| 2079 | 1,721,146 | 9,230,920 |
| 2078 | 1,710,785 | 9,237,649 |
| 2077 | 1,700,043 | 9,245,300 |
| 2076 | 1,688,876 | 9,250,248 |
| 2075 | 1,677,587 | 9,255,753 |
| 2074 | 1,666,185 | 9,266,455 |
| 2073 | 1,654,264 | 9,275,439 |
| 2072 | 1,642,044 | 9,283,185 |
| 2071 | 1,629,467 | 9,292,913 |
| 2070 | 1,616,736 | 9,303,843 |
| 2069 | 1,603,679 | 9,311,935 |
| 2068 | 1,590,304 | 9,320,335 |
| 2067 | 1,576,716 | 9,327,741 |
| 2066 | 1,563,005 | 9,339,455 |
| 2065 | 1,549,060 | 9,351,481 |
| 2064 | 1,534,862 | 9,362,413 |
| 2063 | 1,520,351 | 9,372,441 |
| 2062 | 1,505,792 | 9,383,258 |
| 2061 | 1,490,935 | 9,395,036 |
| 2060 | 1,476,028 | 9,403,920 |
| 2059 | 1,460,816 | 9,414,241 |
| 2058 | 1,445,385 | 9,422,560 |
| 2057 | 1,429,967 | 9,428,212 |
| 2056 | 1,414,320 | 9,435,441 |
| 2055 | 1,398,440 | 9,443,890 |
| 2054 | 1,382,426 | 9,451,268 |
| 2053 | 1,366,190 | 9,456,389 |
| 2052 | 1,349,703 | 9,456,418 |
| 2051 | 1,333,136 | 9,456,395 |
| 2050 | 1,316,322 | 9,454,544 |
| 2049 | 1,299,367 | 9,451,083 |
| 2048 | 1,282,258 | 9,444,091 |
| 2047 | 1,265,007 | 9,437,061 |
| 2046 | 1,247,608 | 9,430,954 |
| 2045 | 1,230,002 | 9,425,155 |
| 2044 | 1,212,277 | 9,418,152 |
| 2043 | 1,194,351 | 9,410,763 |
| 2042 | 1,176,271 | 9,400,808 |
| 2041 | 1,158,172 | 9,393,857 |
| 2040 | 1,139,832 | 9,382,662 |
| 2039 | 1,121,014 | 9,373,984 |
| 2038 | 1,101,787 | 9,365,030 |
| 2037 | 1,082,148 | 9,354,254 |
| 2036 | 1,062,197 | 9,342,450 |
| 2035 | 1,041,925 | 9,328,907 |
| 2034 | 1,021,492 | 9,312,054 |
| 2033 | 1,000,997 | 9,294,881 |
| 2032 | 980,329 | 9,276,221 |
| 2031 | 959,788 | 9,253,034 |
| 2030 | 939,300 | 9,228,188 |
| 2029 | 918,921 | 9,201,743 |
| 2028 | 898,660 | 9,170,620 |
| 2027 | 878,499 | 9,135,740 |
| 2026 | 858,557 | 9,097,532 |
| 2025 | 838,746 | 9,053,983 |
| 2024 | 819,198 | 9,005,582 |
| 2023 | 800,005 | 8,888,822 |
| 2022 | 781,066 | 8,777,088 |
| 2021 | 762,591 | 8,704,546 |
| 2020 | 744,498 | 8,638,167 |
| 2019 | 728,147 | 8,575,280 |
| 2018 | 709,101 | 8,514,329 |
| 2017 | 685,672 | 8,451,840 |
| 2016 | 662,379 | 8,373,338 |
| 2015 | 639,415 | 8,282,396 |
| 2014 | 616,908 | 8,188,649 |
| 2013 | 594,945 | 8,089,346 |
| 2012 | 573,606 | 7,996,861 |
| 2011 | 552,945 | 7,912,398 |
| 2010 | 532,968 | 7,824,909 |
| 2009 | 518,141 | 7,743,831 |
| 2008 | 508,790 | 7,647,675 |
| 2007 | 500,156 | 7,551,117 |
| 2006 | 491,594 | 7,483,934 |
| 2005 | 483,080 | 7,437,115 |
| 2004 | 474,611 | 7,389,625 |
| 2003 | 466,154 | 7,339,001 |
| 2002 | 457,671 | 7,284,753 |
| 2001 | 449,125 | 7,229,854 |
| 2000 | 440,469 | 7,184,250 |
| 1999 | 430,500 | 7,143,991 |
| 1998 | 419,071 | 7,110,001 |
| 1997 | 407,474 | 7,088,906 |
| 1996 | 396,009 | 7,071,850 |
| 1995 | 384,733 | 7,040,687 |
| 1994 | 373,675 | 6,993,795 |
| 1993 | 362,839 | 6,938,265 |
| 1992 | 352,205 | 6,875,364 |
| 1991 | 341,738 | 6,799,978 |
| 1990 | 331,435 | 6,715,519 |
| 1989 | 321,282 | 6,646,912 |
| 1988 | 311,265 | 6,593,386 |
| 1987 | 301,414 | 6,545,106 |
| 1986 | 291,842 | 6,504,124 |
| 1985 | 282,455 | 6,470,365 |
| 1984 | 273,163 | 6,441,865 |
| 1983 | 264,068 | 6,418,773 |
| 1982 | 255,200 | 6,391,309 |
| 1981 | 246,555 | 6,354,074 |
| 1980 | 238,135 | 6,319,408 |
| 1979 | 229,953 | 6,294,365 |
| 1978 | 222,029 | 6,281,738 |
| 1977 | 214,418 | 6,281,174 |
| 1976 | 207,194 | 6,302,504 |
| 1975 | 200,744 | 6,338,632 |
| 1974 | 195,041 | 6,341,405 |
| 1973 | 189,774 | 6,307,347 |
| 1972 | 184,994 | 6,260,956 |
| 1971 | 180,637 | 6,213,399 |
| 1970 | 176,579 | 6,180,877 |
| 1969 | 172,476 | 6,136,387 |
| 1968 | 168,282 | 6,067,714 |
| 1967 | 164,245 | 5,991,785 |
| 1966 | 160,393 | 5,918,002 |
| 1965 | 156,686 | 5,856,472 |
| 1964 | 153,085 | 5,789,228 |
| 1963 | 149,589 | 5,694,247 |
| 1962 | 146,201 | 5,573,815 |
| 1961 | 142,912 | 5,434,294 |
| 1960 | 139,688 | 5,327,827 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/solomon-islands/switzerland | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of the Solomon Islands increased by 170,785 people (a 34.7% growth), while Switzerland gained 889,404 people (a 11.9% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, the Solomon Islands gained 201,572 people (a 30.4% growth), while Switzerland's population increased by 734,528 people (a 8.77% growth).
The Solomon Islands was ranked 165th most populous country in 2006 and is 161st in 2026. Switzerland was ranked 96th in 2006 and ranked 100th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) the Solomon Islands' population will grow by 52.4% to 1,316,322 people with a rank change from 161st to 156th. The population of Switzerland will increase by 3.81% to 9,454,544 people and rank change from 100th to 103rd.
The Solomon Islands is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 1.87M people compared to the peak of 9.46M people in 2052 for Switzerland.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Solomon Islands
|
Switzerland
|
|
| 2100 | 0.22% | 0.08% |
| 2099 | 0.23% | 0.07% |
| 2098 | 0.25% | 0.08% |
| 2097 | 0.26% | 0.04% |
| 2096 | 0.29% | 0.06% |
| 2095 | 0.29% | 0.05% |
| 2094 | 0.32% | 0.03% |
| 2093 | 0.35% | 0.03% |
| 2092 | 0.36% | 0.03% |
| 2091 | 0.38% | 0.02% |
| 2090 | 0.39% | 0.004% |
| 2089 | 0.41% | -0.01% |
| 2088 | 0.42% | 0.004% |
| 2087 | 0.44% | -0.02% |
| 2086 | 0.46% | -0.05% |
| 2085 | 0.48% | -0.05% |
| 2084 | 0.5% | -0.05% |
| 2083 | 0.52% | -0.06% |
| 2082 | 0.54% | -0.07% |
| 2081 | 0.57% | -0.07% |
| 2080 | 0.58% | -0.08% |
| 2079 | 0.61% | -0.07% |
| 2078 | 0.63% | -0.08% |
| 2077 | 0.66% | -0.05% |
| 2076 | 0.67% | -0.06% |
| 2075 | 0.68% | -0.12% |
| 2074 | 0.72% | -0.1% |
| 2073 | 0.74% | -0.08% |
| 2072 | 0.77% | -0.1% |
| 2071 | 0.79% | -0.12% |
| 2070 | 0.81% | -0.09% |
| 2069 | 0.84% | -0.09% |
| 2068 | 0.86% | -0.08% |
| 2067 | 0.88% | -0.13% |
| 2066 | 0.9% | -0.13% |
| 2065 | 0.93% | -0.12% |
| 2064 | 0.95% | -0.11% |
| 2063 | 0.97% | -0.12% |
| 2062 | 1% | -0.13% |
| 2061 | 1.01% | -0.09% |
| 2060 | 1.04% | -0.11% |
| 2059 | 1.07% | -0.09% |
| 2058 | 1.08% | -0.06% |
| 2057 | 1.11% | -0.08% |
| 2056 | 1.14% | -0.09% |
| 2055 | 1.16% | -0.08% |
| 2054 | 1.19% | -0.05% |
| 2053 | 1.22% | -0% |
| 2052 | 1.24% | 0% |
| 2051 | 1.28% | 0.02% |
| 2050 | 1.3% | 0.04% |
| 2049 | 1.33% | 0.07% |
| 2048 | 1.36% | 0.07% |
| 2047 | 1.39% | 0.06% |
| 2046 | 1.43% | 0.06% |
| 2045 | 1.46% | 0.07% |
| 2044 | 1.5% | 0.08% |
| 2043 | 1.54% | 0.11% |
| 2042 | 1.56% | 0.07% |
| 2041 | 1.61% | 0.12% |
| 2040 | 1.68% | 0.09% |
| 2039 | 1.75% | 0.1% |
| 2038 | 1.81% | 0.12% |
| 2037 | 1.88% | 0.13% |
| 2036 | 1.95% | 0.15% |
| 2035 | 2% | 0.18% |
| 2034 | 2.05% | 0.18% |
| 2033 | 2.11% | 0.2% |
| 2032 | 2.14% | 0.25% |
| 2031 | 2.18% | 0.27% |
| 2030 | 2.22% | 0.29% |
| 2029 | 2.25% | 0.34% |
| 2028 | 2.3% | 0.38% |
| 2027 | 2.32% | 0.42% |
| 2026 | 2.36% | 0.48% |
| 2025 | 2.39% | 0.54% |
| 2024 | 2.4% | 1.31% |
| 2023 | 2.42% | 1.27% |
| 2022 | 2.42% | 0.83% |
| 2021 | 2.43% | 0.77% |
| 2020 | 2.25% | 0.73% |
| 2019 | 2.69% | 0.72% |
| 2018 | 3.42% | 0.74% |
| 2017 | 3.52% | 0.94% |
| 2016 | 3.59% | 1.1% |
| 2015 | 3.65% | 1.14% |
| 2014 | 3.69% | 1.23% |
| 2013 | 3.72% | 1.16% |
| 2012 | 3.74% | 1.07% |
| 2011 | 3.75% | 1.12% |
| 2010 | 2.86% | 1.05% |
| 2009 | 1.84% | 1.26% |
| 2008 | 1.73% | 1.28% |
| 2007 | 1.74% | 0.9% |
| 2006 | 1.76% | 0.63% |
| 2005 | 1.78% | 0.64% |
| 2004 | 1.81% | 0.69% |
| 2003 | 1.85% | 0.74% |
| 2002 | 1.9% | 0.76% |
| 2001 | 1.97% | 0.63% |
| 2000 | 2.32% | 0.56% |
| 1999 | 2.73% | 0.48% |
| 1998 | 2.85% | 0.3% |
| 1997 | 2.9% | 0.24% |
| 1996 | 2.93% | 0.44% |
| 1995 | 2.96% | 0.67% |
| 1994 | 2.99% | 0.8% |
| 1993 | 3.02% | 0.91% |
| 1992 | 3.06% | 1.11% |
| 1991 | 3.11% | 1.26% |
| 1990 | 3.16% | 1.03% |
| 1989 | 3.22% | 0.81% |
| 1988 | 3.27% | 0.74% |
| 1987 | 3.28% | 0.63% |
| 1986 | 3.32% | 0.52% |
| 1985 | 3.4% | 0.44% |
| 1984 | 3.44% | 0.36% |
| 1983 | 3.47% | 0.43% |
| 1982 | 3.51% | 0.59% |
| 1981 | 3.54% | 0.55% |
| 1980 | 3.56% | 0.4% |
| 1979 | 3.57% | 0.2% |
| 1978 | 3.55% | 0.009% |
| 1977 | 3.49% | -0.34% |
| 1976 | 3.21% | -0.57% |
| 1975 | 2.92% | -0.04% |
| 1974 | 2.78% | 0.54% |
| 1973 | 2.58% | 0.74% |
| 1972 | 2.41% | 0.77% |
| 1971 | 2.3% | 0.53% |
| 1970 | 2.38% | 0.73% |
| 1969 | 2.49% | 1.13% |
| 1968 | 2.46% | 1.27% |
| 1967 | 2.4% | 1.25% |
| 1966 | 2.37% | 1.05% |
| 1965 | 2.35% | 1.16% |
| 1964 | 2.34% | 1.67% |
| 1963 | 2.32% | 2.16% |
| 1962 | 2.3% | 2.57% |
| 1961 | 2.31% | 2% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/solomon-islands/switzerland | CC BY
In 2024, the population of the Solomon Islands grew by 2.4%, while Switzerland's population grew by 1.31%.
Live population counters
|
Solomon Islands
|
Switzerland
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
863951
|
9107866
|
| Population rank | 161/197 | 100/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.01% | 0.11% |
| One net population change |
27.4 minutes
|
4.5 minutes
|
| One birth every |
24.4 minutes
|
6.57 minutes
|
| One death every |
2.13 hours
|
7.3 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +53 | +320 |
| Annual growth/decline | +19,193 | +116,760 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.4% | +1.31% |
| Population growth rate rank | 33/197 | 81/197 |
| One migration net change every |
5.39 hours
|
14.1 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +1,631 | +37,253 |
| Net migration rank | 59/196 | 25/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 2,469 | 2,773,840 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 192/195 | 27/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.3% | 31.1% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 184/195 | 17/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Solomon Islands
|
Switzerland
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 1,631 | - | 37,253 |
| 2024 | - | 1,610 | - | 40,099 |
| 2023 | 17,436 | 1,636 | 8,000 | 45,098 |
| 2022 | 17,253 | 1,567 | 7,899 | 96,424 |
| 2021 | 16,626 | 1,499 | 18,279 | 50,665 |
| 2020 | 16,488 | 1,556 | 9,502 | 55,523 |
| 2019 | 16,649 | -1,990 | 18,008 | 44,517 |
| 2018 | 16,790 | 6,653 | 20,434 | 41,253 |
| 2017 | 16,897 | 6,513 | 20,284 | 45,658 |
| 2016 | 17,027 | 6,146 | 22,608 | 71,009 |
| 2015 | 16,909 | 5,853 | 19,050 | 71,876 |
| 2014 | 16,652 | 5,598 | 21,290 | 78,122 |
| 2013 | 16,038 | 5,631 | 17,797 | 83,823 |
| 2012 | 15,585 | 5,420 | 18,393 | 67,840 |
| 2011 | 15,095 | 5,219 | 18,990 | 67,194 |
| 2010 | 14,604 | 5,040 | 17,997 | 76,388 |
| 2009 | 14,381 | -4,360 | 15,487 | 69,324 |
| 2008 | 14,225 | -5,538 | 15,295 | 94,430 |
| 2007 | 13,963 | -5,383 | 13,592 | 72,475 |
| 2006 | 13,799 | -5,262 | 12,723 | 37,308 |
| 2005 | 13,568 | -5,082 | 11,899 | 33,203 |
| 2004 | 13,444 | -4,985 | 13,302 | 39,484 |
| 2003 | 13,344 | -4,881 | 8,807 | 42,567 |
| 2002 | 13,195 | -4,691 | 10,199 | 49,650 |
| 2001 | 13,061 | -4,474 | 10,845 | 35,420 |
| 2000 | 12,938 | -4,219 | 15,806 | 24,463 |
| 1999 | 12,809 | -1,588 | 16,431 | 25,599 |
| 1998 | 12,658 | -1,019 | 16,353 | 11,325 |
| 1997 | 12,478 | -931 | 17,722 | -1,939 |
| 1996 | 12,328 | -947 | 19,801 | -131 |
| 1995 | 12,124 | -952 | 19,010 | 25,343 |
| 1994 | 11,771 | -828 | 20,982 | 30,274 |
| 1993 | 11,396 | -665 | 21,509 | 40,267 |
| 1992 | 11,029 | -482 | 24,064 | 42,014 |
| 1991 | 10,789 | -410 | 23,800 | 69,738 |
| 1990 | 10,561 | -335 | 20,146 | 58,428 |
| 1989 | 10,354 | -270 | 19,941 | 34,432 |
| 1988 | 10,142 | -197 | 21,099 | 34,602 |
| 1987 | 9,943 | -179 | 15,708 | 27,081 |
| 1986 | 9,656 | -269 | 16,261 | 23,242 |
| 1985 | 9,534 | -150 | 14,882 | 14,402 |
| 1984 | 9,299 | -102 | 16,105 | 12,532 |
| 1983 | 9,011 | -30 | 12,837 | 5,663 |
| 1982 | 8,720 | 40 | 15,339 | 21,929 |
| 1981 | 8,436 | 99 | 13,979 | 24,229 |
| 1980 | 8,156 | 151 | 14,535 | 17,841 |
| 1979 | 7,874 | 188 | 14,477 | 4,262 |
| 1978 | 7,598 | 174 | 13,820 | -6,552 |
| 1977 | 7,290 | 159 | 16,959 | -22,516 |
| 1976 | 7,058 | -48 | 17,017 | -54,255 |
| 1975 | 6,635 | -760 | 22,820 | -58,187 |
| 1974 | 6,612 | -1,084 | 27,902 | 2,008 |
| 1973 | 6,343 | -1,329 | 30,906 | 8,158 |
| 1972 | 6,074 | -1,520 | 35,061 | 19,991 |
| 1971 | 5,814 | -1,646 | 38,523 | 2,636 |
| 1970 | 5,575 | -1,632 | 42,648 | -18,326 |
| 1969 | 5,444 | -1,187 | 44,182 | 20,754 |
| 1968 | 5,285 | -1,154 | 47,328 | 25,828 |
| 1967 | 5,151 | -1,213 | 52,128 | 27,697 |
| 1966 | 5,028 | -1,256 | 53,854 | 14,979 |
| 1965 | 4,885 | -1,237 | 56,222 | -1,351 |
| 1964 | 4,747 | -1,200 | 59,050 | 21,455 |
| 1963 | 4,571 | -1,129 | 52,956 | 58,415 |
| 1962 | 4,408 | -1,073 | 49,050 | 82,798 |
| 1961 | 4,257 | -1,016 | 48,365 | 101,278 |
| 1960 | 4,119 | -917 | 42,090 | 22,313 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/solomon-islands/switzerland | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 82.8% of the population change in the Solomon Islands is from natural causes (a gain of 168,727 people) and 17.2% is from migration (a gain of 35,031 people). In Switzerland 21.6% is from natural causes (a gain of 165,354 people) and 78.4% is from migration (a gain of 600,145 people).
As of 2024, 2,469 residents or 0.3% of the population were not native-born in the Solomon Islands, compared to 2,773,840 people or 31.1% in Switzerland.
Biggest cities by population
|
Solomon Islands
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Honiara | 84.5K |
| Auki | 6.81K |
|
Switzerland
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Zurich | 449K |
| Geneva | 209K |
| Basel | 176K |
| Bern | 146K |
| Lausanne | 145K |
| Winterthur | 110K |
| Lucerne | 86.2K |
| St. Gallen | 78.9K |
| Lugano | 63.5K |
| Biel/Bienne | 55.9K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between the Solomon Islands and Switzerland
|
Solomon Islands
|
Switzerland
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 71 years | 84.4 years |
| Average age | 25.5 years | 43.2 years |
| Median age | 21.5 years | 43.7 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 51.1:48.9 | 49.7:50.3 |
| Fertility rate | 3.56 births per woman | 1.33 births per woman |
| Population density | 79.4 ppl/mi² | 596 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/solomon-islands/switzerland | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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