The latest officially reported population of the Solomon Islands was 838,645 in 2025 vs 12,348,573 people in Tunisia in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Solomon Islands' population is 868,694 people compared to 12,450,912 in Tunisia.
Population statistics:
- Tunisia's population is 14.3 times bigger than the Solomon Islands'.
- The Solomon Islands is ranked the 161st most populous country in the world, while Tunisia is the 81st.
- The countries together account for 0.16% of the world: 0.01% for the Solomon Islands vs 0.15% for Tunisia.
- For the last 10 years, the Solomon Islands has had an average growth rate of +2.83% per year vs +0.83% in Tunisia.
- Since 2006, the population of the Solomon Islands has increased from 492K people to 869K (76.7% growth), while Tunisia has grown from 10.3M to 12.5M (20.3% growth).
Solomon Islands vs Tunisia: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Solomon Islands
|
Tunisia
|
|
| 2100 | 1,869,132 | 10,720,705 |
| 2099 | 1,865,051 | 10,796,270 |
| 2098 | 1,860,822 | 10,870,365 |
| 2097 | 1,856,197 | 10,942,334 |
| 2096 | 1,851,361 | 11,015,071 |
| 2095 | 1,846,006 | 11,086,568 |
| 2094 | 1,840,576 | 11,157,542 |
| 2093 | 1,834,659 | 11,226,508 |
| 2092 | 1,828,323 | 11,294,195 |
| 2091 | 1,821,781 | 11,360,662 |
| 2090 | 1,814,933 | 11,425,878 |
| 2089 | 1,807,885 | 11,490,110 |
| 2088 | 1,800,523 | 11,552,154 |
| 2087 | 1,792,919 | 11,614,090 |
| 2086 | 1,784,993 | 11,675,384 |
| 2085 | 1,776,798 | 11,734,490 |
| 2084 | 1,768,230 | 11,792,840 |
| 2083 | 1,759,388 | 11,851,260 |
| 2082 | 1,750,221 | 11,908,828 |
| 2081 | 1,740,741 | 11,964,392 |
| 2080 | 1,730,900 | 12,021,096 |
| 2079 | 1,720,938 | 12,078,476 |
| 2078 | 1,710,578 | 12,136,099 |
| 2077 | 1,699,838 | 12,191,648 |
| 2076 | 1,688,671 | 12,245,010 |
| 2075 | 1,677,384 | 12,299,514 |
| 2074 | 1,665,984 | 12,353,013 |
| 2073 | 1,654,063 | 12,407,814 |
| 2072 | 1,641,845 | 12,461,090 |
| 2071 | 1,629,270 | 12,515,463 |
| 2070 | 1,616,540 | 12,569,058 |
| 2069 | 1,603,485 | 12,622,516 |
| 2068 | 1,590,112 | 12,674,867 |
| 2067 | 1,576,525 | 12,726,080 |
| 2066 | 1,562,815 | 12,775,620 |
| 2065 | 1,548,873 | 12,824,867 |
| 2064 | 1,534,676 | 12,870,728 |
| 2063 | 1,520,167 | 12,915,152 |
| 2062 | 1,505,610 | 12,957,498 |
| 2061 | 1,490,754 | 12,996,917 |
| 2060 | 1,475,849 | 13,034,579 |
| 2059 | 1,460,639 | 13,066,669 |
| 2058 | 1,445,210 | 13,095,856 |
| 2057 | 1,429,794 | 13,122,073 |
| 2056 | 1,414,149 | 13,144,442 |
| 2055 | 1,398,271 | 13,161,720 |
| 2054 | 1,382,259 | 13,174,836 |
| 2053 | 1,366,025 | 13,181,943 |
| 2052 | 1,349,539 | 13,185,429 |
| 2051 | 1,332,975 | 13,184,813 |
| 2050 | 1,316,163 | 13,179,371 |
| 2049 | 1,299,210 | 13,170,781 |
| 2048 | 1,282,103 | 13,158,351 |
| 2047 | 1,264,854 | 13,141,815 |
| 2046 | 1,247,457 | 13,123,298 |
| 2045 | 1,229,853 | 13,102,394 |
| 2044 | 1,212,131 | 13,079,200 |
| 2043 | 1,194,206 | 13,054,663 |
| 2042 | 1,176,128 | 13,028,925 |
| 2041 | 1,158,032 | 13,003,433 |
| 2040 | 1,139,694 | 12,977,122 |
| 2039 | 1,120,879 | 12,950,166 |
| 2038 | 1,101,654 | 12,922,736 |
| 2037 | 1,082,017 | 12,893,752 |
| 2036 | 1,062,068 | 12,863,431 |
| 2035 | 1,041,799 | 12,833,137 |
| 2034 | 1,021,368 | 12,800,738 |
| 2033 | 1,000,876 | 12,763,981 |
| 2032 | 980,211 | 12,725,768 |
| 2031 | 959,672 | 12,685,304 |
| 2030 | 939,186 | 12,641,975 |
| 2029 | 918,810 | 12,594,181 |
| 2028 | 898,552 | 12,540,258 |
| 2027 | 878,392 | 12,482,078 |
| 2026 | 858,453 | 12,417,997 |
| 2025 | 838,645 | 12,348,573 |
| 2024 | 819,198 | 12,277,109 |
| 2023 | 800,005 | 12,200,431 |
| 2022 | 781,066 | 12,119,334 |
| 2021 | 762,591 | 12,048,622 |
| 2020 | 744,498 | 11,974,057 |
| 2019 | 728,147 | 11,875,081 |
| 2018 | 709,101 | 11,765,514 |
| 2017 | 685,672 | 11,650,498 |
| 2016 | 662,379 | 11,528,674 |
| 2015 | 639,415 | 11,402,264 |
| 2014 | 616,908 | 11,274,288 |
| 2013 | 594,945 | 11,141,361 |
| 2012 | 573,606 | 11,009,647 |
| 2011 | 552,945 | 10,886,035 |
| 2010 | 532,968 | 10,765,980 |
| 2009 | 518,141 | 10,650,681 |
| 2008 | 508,790 | 10,542,635 |
| 2007 | 500,156 | 10,441,702 |
| 2006 | 491,594 | 10,346,410 |
| 2005 | 483,080 | 10,255,472 |
| 2004 | 474,611 | 10,166,163 |
| 2003 | 466,154 | 10,071,632 |
| 2002 | 457,671 | 9,971,515 |
| 2001 | 449,125 | 9,869,677 |
| 2000 | 440,469 | 9,764,935 |
| 1999 | 430,500 | 9,655,963 |
| 1998 | 419,071 | 9,541,667 |
| 1997 | 407,474 | 9,421,270 |
| 1996 | 396,009 | 9,294,432 |
| 1995 | 384,733 | 9,161,258 |
| 1994 | 373,675 | 9,018,448 |
| 1993 | 362,839 | 8,857,910 |
| 1992 | 352,205 | 8,682,512 |
| 1991 | 341,738 | 8,501,827 |
| 1990 | 331,435 | 8,324,509 |
| 1989 | 321,282 | 8,151,660 |
| 1988 | 311,265 | 7,974,440 |
| 1987 | 301,414 | 7,789,987 |
| 1986 | 291,842 | 7,600,301 |
| 1985 | 282,455 | 7,409,903 |
| 1984 | 273,163 | 7,220,044 |
| 1983 | 264,068 | 7,053,800 |
| 1982 | 255,200 | 6,908,642 |
| 1981 | 246,555 | 6,758,284 |
| 1980 | 238,135 | 6,606,195 |
| 1979 | 229,953 | 6,456,419 |
| 1978 | 222,029 | 6,309,390 |
| 1977 | 214,418 | 6,155,931 |
| 1976 | 207,194 | 5,996,994 |
| 1975 | 200,744 | 5,839,262 |
| 1974 | 195,041 | 5,684,674 |
| 1973 | 189,774 | 5,537,242 |
| 1972 | 184,994 | 5,396,557 |
| 1971 | 180,637 | 5,261,658 |
| 1970 | 176,579 | 5,131,396 |
| 1969 | 172,476 | 5,004,697 |
| 1968 | 168,282 | 4,879,899 |
| 1967 | 164,245 | 4,760,970 |
| 1966 | 160,393 | 4,652,287 |
| 1965 | 156,686 | 4,561,385 |
| 1964 | 153,085 | 4,489,869 |
| 1963 | 149,589 | 4,427,131 |
| 1962 | 146,201 | 4,369,136 |
| 1961 | 142,912 | 4,316,278 |
| 1960 | 139,688 | 4,267,288 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/solomon-islands/tunisia | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of the Solomon Islands increased by 170,785 people (a 34.7% growth), while Tunisia gained 1,182,264 people (a 11.4% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, the Solomon Islands gained 206,315 people (a 31.1% growth), while Tunisia's population increased by 922,238 people (a 8% growth).
The Solomon Islands was ranked 165th most populous country in 2006 and is 161st in 2026. Tunisia was ranked 79th in 2006 and ranked 81st now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) the Solomon Islands' population will grow by 51.5% to 1,316,163 people with a rank change from 161st to 156th. The population of Tunisia will increase by 5.85% to 13,179,371 people and rank change from 81st to 89th.
The Solomon Islands is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 1.87M people compared to the peak of 13.2M people in 2052 for Tunisia.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Solomon Islands
|
Tunisia
|
|
| 2100 | 0.22% | -0.7% |
| 2099 | 0.23% | -0.68% |
| 2098 | 0.25% | -0.66% |
| 2097 | 0.26% | -0.66% |
| 2096 | 0.29% | -0.64% |
| 2095 | 0.29% | -0.64% |
| 2094 | 0.32% | -0.61% |
| 2093 | 0.35% | -0.6% |
| 2092 | 0.36% | -0.59% |
| 2091 | 0.38% | -0.57% |
| 2090 | 0.39% | -0.56% |
| 2089 | 0.41% | -0.54% |
| 2088 | 0.42% | -0.53% |
| 2087 | 0.44% | -0.52% |
| 2086 | 0.46% | -0.5% |
| 2085 | 0.48% | -0.49% |
| 2084 | 0.5% | -0.49% |
| 2083 | 0.52% | -0.48% |
| 2082 | 0.54% | -0.46% |
| 2081 | 0.57% | -0.47% |
| 2080 | 0.58% | -0.48% |
| 2079 | 0.61% | -0.47% |
| 2078 | 0.63% | -0.46% |
| 2077 | 0.66% | -0.44% |
| 2076 | 0.67% | -0.44% |
| 2075 | 0.68% | -0.43% |
| 2074 | 0.72% | -0.44% |
| 2073 | 0.74% | -0.43% |
| 2072 | 0.77% | -0.43% |
| 2071 | 0.79% | -0.43% |
| 2070 | 0.81% | -0.42% |
| 2069 | 0.84% | -0.41% |
| 2068 | 0.86% | -0.4% |
| 2067 | 0.88% | -0.39% |
| 2066 | 0.9% | -0.38% |
| 2065 | 0.93% | -0.36% |
| 2064 | 0.95% | -0.34% |
| 2063 | 0.97% | -0.33% |
| 2062 | 1% | -0.3% |
| 2061 | 1.01% | -0.29% |
| 2060 | 1.04% | -0.25% |
| 2059 | 1.07% | -0.22% |
| 2058 | 1.08% | -0.2% |
| 2057 | 1.11% | -0.17% |
| 2056 | 1.14% | -0.13% |
| 2055 | 1.16% | -0.1% |
| 2054 | 1.19% | -0.05% |
| 2053 | 1.22% | -0.03% |
| 2052 | 1.24% | 0.005% |
| 2051 | 1.28% | 0.04% |
| 2050 | 1.3% | 0.07% |
| 2049 | 1.33% | 0.09% |
| 2048 | 1.36% | 0.13% |
| 2047 | 1.39% | 0.14% |
| 2046 | 1.43% | 0.16% |
| 2045 | 1.46% | 0.18% |
| 2044 | 1.5% | 0.19% |
| 2043 | 1.54% | 0.2% |
| 2042 | 1.56% | 0.2% |
| 2041 | 1.61% | 0.2% |
| 2040 | 1.68% | 0.21% |
| 2039 | 1.75% | 0.21% |
| 2038 | 1.81% | 0.22% |
| 2037 | 1.88% | 0.24% |
| 2036 | 1.95% | 0.24% |
| 2035 | 2% | 0.25% |
| 2034 | 2.05% | 0.29% |
| 2033 | 2.11% | 0.3% |
| 2032 | 2.14% | 0.32% |
| 2031 | 2.18% | 0.34% |
| 2030 | 2.22% | 0.38% |
| 2029 | 2.25% | 0.43% |
| 2028 | 2.3% | 0.47% |
| 2027 | 2.32% | 0.52% |
| 2026 | 2.36% | 0.56% |
| 2025 | 2.37% | 0.58% |
| 2024 | 2.4% | 0.63% |
| 2023 | 2.42% | 0.67% |
| 2022 | 2.42% | 0.59% |
| 2021 | 2.43% | 0.62% |
| 2020 | 2.25% | 0.83% |
| 2019 | 2.69% | 0.93% |
| 2018 | 3.42% | 0.99% |
| 2017 | 3.52% | 1.06% |
| 2016 | 3.59% | 1.11% |
| 2015 | 3.65% | 1.14% |
| 2014 | 3.69% | 1.19% |
| 2013 | 3.72% | 1.2% |
| 2012 | 3.74% | 1.14% |
| 2011 | 3.75% | 1.12% |
| 2010 | 2.86% | 1.08% |
| 2009 | 1.84% | 1.02% |
| 2008 | 1.73% | 0.97% |
| 2007 | 1.74% | 0.92% |
| 2006 | 1.76% | 0.89% |
| 2005 | 1.78% | 0.88% |
| 2004 | 1.81% | 0.94% |
| 2003 | 1.85% | 1% |
| 2002 | 1.9% | 1.03% |
| 2001 | 1.97% | 1.07% |
| 2000 | 2.32% | 1.13% |
| 1999 | 2.73% | 1.2% |
| 1998 | 2.85% | 1.28% |
| 1997 | 2.9% | 1.36% |
| 1996 | 2.93% | 1.45% |
| 1995 | 2.96% | 1.58% |
| 1994 | 2.99% | 1.81% |
| 1993 | 3.02% | 2.02% |
| 1992 | 3.06% | 2.13% |
| 1991 | 3.11% | 2.13% |
| 1990 | 3.16% | 2.12% |
| 1989 | 3.22% | 2.22% |
| 1988 | 3.27% | 2.37% |
| 1987 | 3.28% | 2.5% |
| 1986 | 3.32% | 2.57% |
| 1985 | 3.4% | 2.63% |
| 1984 | 3.44% | 2.36% |
| 1983 | 3.47% | 2.1% |
| 1982 | 3.51% | 2.22% |
| 1981 | 3.54% | 2.3% |
| 1980 | 3.56% | 2.32% |
| 1979 | 3.57% | 2.33% |
| 1978 | 3.55% | 2.49% |
| 1977 | 3.49% | 2.65% |
| 1976 | 3.21% | 2.7% |
| 1975 | 2.92% | 2.72% |
| 1974 | 2.78% | 2.66% |
| 1973 | 2.58% | 2.61% |
| 1972 | 2.41% | 2.56% |
| 1971 | 2.3% | 2.54% |
| 1970 | 2.38% | 2.53% |
| 1969 | 2.49% | 2.56% |
| 1968 | 2.46% | 2.5% |
| 1967 | 2.4% | 2.34% |
| 1966 | 2.37% | 1.99% |
| 1965 | 2.35% | 1.59% |
| 1964 | 2.34% | 1.42% |
| 1963 | 2.32% | 1.33% |
| 1962 | 2.3% | 1.22% |
| 1961 | 2.31% | 1.15% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/solomon-islands/tunisia | CC BY
In 2025, the population of the Solomon Islands grew by 2.37%, while Tunisia's population grew by 0.58%.
Live population counters
|
Solomon Islands
|
Tunisia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
868694
|
12450912
|
| Population rank | 161/197 | 81/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.01% | 0.15% |
| One net population change |
27.1 minutes
|
7.37 minutes
|
| One birth every |
24 minutes
|
3.2 minutes
|
| One death every |
2.1 hours
|
6.99 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +53 | +196 |
| Annual growth/decline | +19,447 | +71,464 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.37% | +0.58% |
| Population growth rate rank | 32/197 | 125/197 |
| One migration net change every |
5.39 hours
|
36.3 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +1,631 | -14,523 |
| Net migration rank | 59/196 | 142/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 2,469 | 63,201 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 192/195 | 145/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.3% | 0.5% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 184/195 | 177/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Solomon Islands
|
Tunisia
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 1,631 | - | -14,523 |
| 2024 | 17,715 | 1,610 | 88,910 | -15,221 |
| 2023 | 17,436 | 1,636 | 93,663 | -14,001 |
| 2022 | 17,253 | 1,567 | 96,531 | -14,001 |
| 2021 | 16,626 | 1,499 | 68,087 | -9,190 |
| 2020 | 16,488 | 1,556 | 109,431 | -19,188 |
| 2019 | 16,649 | -1,990 | 127,312 | -19,612 |
| 2018 | 16,790 | 6,653 | 132,445 | -21,012 |
| 2017 | 16,897 | 6,513 | 140,971 | -22,365 |
| 2016 | 17,027 | 6,146 | 148,870 | -23,827 |
| 2015 | 16,909 | 5,853 | 153,007 | -25,229 |
| 2014 | 16,652 | 5,598 | 154,762 | -26,586 |
| 2013 | 16,038 | 5,631 | 154,687 | -17,020 |
| 2012 | 15,585 | 5,420 | 151,812 | -26,059 |
| 2011 | 15,095 | 5,219 | 143,401 | -21,935 |
| 2010 | 14,604 | 5,040 | 132,809 | -14,168 |
| 2009 | 14,381 | -4,360 | 125,465 | -13,512 |
| 2008 | 14,225 | -5,538 | 121,873 | -17,742 |
| 2007 | 13,963 | -5,383 | 118,920 | -21,190 |
| 2006 | 13,799 | -5,262 | 116,945 | -24,098 |
| 2005 | 13,568 | -5,082 | 115,374 | -26,361 |
| 2004 | 13,444 | -4,985 | 113,322 | -23,735 |
| 2003 | 13,344 | -4,881 | 111,926 | -12,459 |
| 2002 | 13,195 | -4,691 | 109,099 | -8,334 |
| 2001 | 13,061 | -4,474 | 110,146 | -7,235 |
| 2000 | 12,938 | -4,219 | 112,501 | -5,937 |
| 1999 | 12,809 | -1,588 | 114,829 | -3,452 |
| 1998 | 12,658 | -1,019 | 121,332 | -4,111 |
| 1997 | 12,478 | -931 | 128,327 | -4,756 |
| 1996 | 12,328 | -947 | 135,615 | -5,506 |
| 1995 | 12,124 | -952 | 144,345 | -8,095 |
| 1994 | 11,771 | -828 | 153,647 | -4,271 |
| 1993 | 11,396 | -665 | 160,922 | 10,771 |
| 1992 | 11,029 | -482 | 163,978 | 15,124 |
| 1991 | 10,789 | -410 | 166,245 | 16,021 |
| 1990 | 10,561 | -335 | 168,180 | 4,183 |
| 1989 | 10,354 | -270 | 169,221 | 4,100 |
| 1988 | 10,142 | -197 | 177,176 | 3,934 |
| 1987 | 9,943 | -179 | 184,101 | 3,711 |
| 1986 | 9,656 | -269 | 188,107 | 3,464 |
| 1985 | 9,534 | -150 | 186,344 | 2,887 |
| 1984 | 9,299 | -102 | 182,386 | 8,109 |
| 1983 | 9,011 | -30 | 179,878 | -37,895 |
| 1982 | 8,720 | 40 | 177,898 | -29,559 |
| 1981 | 8,436 | 99 | 176,628 | -24,242 |
| 1980 | 8,156 | 151 | 171,094 | -19,321 |
| 1979 | 7,874 | 188 | 171,463 | -23,688 |
| 1978 | 7,598 | 174 | 173,255 | -26,968 |
| 1977 | 7,290 | 159 | 174,539 | -13,910 |
| 1976 | 7,058 | -48 | 172,744 | -15,499 |
| 1975 | 6,635 | -760 | 166,991 | -8,765 |
| 1974 | 6,612 | -1,084 | 160,200 | -9,254 |
| 1973 | 6,343 | -1,329 | 153,525 | -9,606 |
| 1972 | 6,074 | -1,520 | 147,239 | -9,790 |
| 1971 | 5,814 | -1,646 | 142,296 | -9,949 |
| 1970 | 5,575 | -1,632 | 138,235 | -10,054 |
| 1969 | 5,444 | -1,187 | 135,257 | -10,049 |
| 1968 | 5,285 | -1,154 | 134,246 | -9,848 |
| 1967 | 5,151 | -1,213 | 132,626 | -19,155 |
| 1966 | 5,028 | -1,256 | 131,274 | -27,393 |
| 1965 | 4,885 | -1,237 | 127,673 | -49,751 |
| 1964 | 4,747 | -1,200 | 124,711 | -59,602 |
| 1963 | 4,571 | -1,129 | 120,865 | -60,505 |
| 1962 | 4,408 | -1,073 | 116,887 | -61,260 |
| 1961 | 4,257 | -1,016 | 111,459 | -61,369 |
| 1960 | 4,119 | -917 | 109,234 | -61,334 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/solomon-islands/tunisia | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 84.5% of the population change in the Solomon Islands is from natural causes (a gain of 169,790 people) and 15.5% is from migration (a gain of 31,043 people). In Tunisia 86.3% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,159,227 people) and 13.7% is from migration (a loss of 183,646 people).
As of 2024, 2,469 residents or 0.3% of the population were not native-born in the Solomon Islands, compared to 63,201 people or 0.5% in Tunisia.
Biggest cities by population
|
Solomon Islands
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Honiara | 84.5K |
| Auki | 6.81K |
|
Tunisia
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Tunis | 603K |
| Sfax | 273K |
| Sousse | 222K |
| Kairouan | 187K |
| Bizerte | 143K |
| Aryanah | 123K |
| Gafsa | 121K |
| Gabes | 116K |
| La Marsa | 93K |
| Nabeul | 84.3K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between the Solomon Islands and Tunisia
|
Solomon Islands
|
Tunisia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 71 years | 77.1 years |
| Average age | 25.7 years | 34.8 years |
| Median age | 21.8 years | 33.9 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 51.1:48.9 | 49.4:50.6 |
| Fertility rate | 3.51 births per woman | 1.82 births per woman |
| Population density | 79.4 ppl/mi² | 207 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/solomon-islands/tunisia | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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