The latest officially reported population of the Solomon Islands was 838,645 in 2025 vs 21,913,874 people in Zambia in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Solomon Islands' population is 868,694 people compared to 22,844,606 in Zambia.
Population statistics:
- Zambia's population is 26.3 times bigger than the Solomon Islands'.
- The Solomon Islands is ranked the 161st most populous country in the world, while Zambia is the 62nd.
- The countries together account for 0.29% of the world: 0.01% for the Solomon Islands vs 0.27% for Zambia.
- For the last 10 years, the Solomon Islands has had an average growth rate of +2.83% per year vs +2.96% in Zambia.
- Since 2006, the population of the Solomon Islands has increased from 492K people to 869K (76.7% growth), while Zambia has grown from 12.1M to 22.8M (88.3% growth).
Solomon Islands vs Zambia: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Solomon Islands
|
Zambia
|
|
| 2100 | 1,869,132 | 65,204,593 |
| 2099 | 1,865,051 | 64,858,778 |
| 2098 | 1,860,822 | 64,503,193 |
| 2097 | 1,856,197 | 64,136,110 |
| 2096 | 1,851,361 | 63,764,760 |
| 2095 | 1,846,006 | 63,380,692 |
| 2094 | 1,840,576 | 62,980,254 |
| 2093 | 1,834,659 | 62,578,008 |
| 2092 | 1,828,323 | 62,163,693 |
| 2091 | 1,821,781 | 61,738,437 |
| 2090 | 1,814,933 | 61,309,330 |
| 2089 | 1,807,885 | 60,868,166 |
| 2088 | 1,800,523 | 60,422,781 |
| 2087 | 1,792,919 | 59,958,303 |
| 2086 | 1,784,993 | 59,487,524 |
| 2085 | 1,776,798 | 59,011,423 |
| 2084 | 1,768,230 | 58,524,337 |
| 2083 | 1,759,388 | 58,029,088 |
| 2082 | 1,750,221 | 57,527,347 |
| 2081 | 1,740,741 | 57,016,267 |
| 2080 | 1,730,900 | 56,495,299 |
| 2079 | 1,720,938 | 55,972,223 |
| 2078 | 1,710,578 | 55,438,864 |
| 2077 | 1,699,838 | 54,895,964 |
| 2076 | 1,688,671 | 54,350,375 |
| 2075 | 1,677,384 | 53,796,265 |
| 2074 | 1,665,984 | 53,236,297 |
| 2073 | 1,654,063 | 52,666,980 |
| 2072 | 1,641,845 | 52,090,884 |
| 2071 | 1,629,270 | 51,509,551 |
| 2070 | 1,616,540 | 50,921,590 |
| 2069 | 1,603,485 | 50,324,793 |
| 2068 | 1,590,112 | 49,727,689 |
| 2067 | 1,576,525 | 49,125,817 |
| 2066 | 1,562,815 | 48,520,891 |
| 2065 | 1,548,873 | 47,909,160 |
| 2064 | 1,534,676 | 47,290,430 |
| 2063 | 1,520,167 | 46,668,252 |
| 2062 | 1,505,610 | 46,039,755 |
| 2061 | 1,490,754 | 45,407,718 |
| 2060 | 1,475,849 | 44,768,534 |
| 2059 | 1,460,639 | 44,128,619 |
| 2058 | 1,445,210 | 43,485,891 |
| 2057 | 1,429,794 | 42,843,489 |
| 2056 | 1,414,149 | 42,198,591 |
| 2055 | 1,398,271 | 41,550,105 |
| 2054 | 1,382,259 | 40,898,440 |
| 2053 | 1,366,025 | 40,247,706 |
| 2052 | 1,349,539 | 39,596,094 |
| 2051 | 1,332,975 | 38,942,292 |
| 2050 | 1,316,163 | 38,287,070 |
| 2049 | 1,299,210 | 37,626,787 |
| 2048 | 1,282,103 | 36,964,032 |
| 2047 | 1,264,854 | 36,302,603 |
| 2046 | 1,247,457 | 35,638,852 |
| 2045 | 1,229,853 | 34,974,927 |
| 2044 | 1,212,131 | 34,310,227 |
| 2043 | 1,194,206 | 33,645,797 |
| 2042 | 1,176,128 | 32,984,164 |
| 2041 | 1,158,032 | 32,323,084 |
| 2040 | 1,139,694 | 31,658,029 |
| 2039 | 1,120,879 | 30,995,204 |
| 2038 | 1,101,654 | 30,329,691 |
| 2037 | 1,082,017 | 29,662,721 |
| 2036 | 1,062,068 | 28,994,556 |
| 2035 | 1,041,799 | 28,327,922 |
| 2034 | 1,021,368 | 27,665,749 |
| 2033 | 1,000,876 | 27,006,658 |
| 2032 | 980,211 | 26,351,393 |
| 2031 | 959,672 | 25,697,754 |
| 2030 | 939,186 | 25,050,285 |
| 2029 | 918,810 | 24,409,600 |
| 2028 | 898,552 | 23,776,128 |
| 2027 | 878,392 | 23,146,922 |
| 2026 | 858,453 | 22,525,308 |
| 2025 | 838,645 | 21,913,874 |
| 2024 | 819,198 | 21,314,956 |
| 2023 | 800,005 | 20,723,965 |
| 2022 | 781,066 | 20,152,938 |
| 2021 | 762,591 | 19,603,607 |
| 2020 | 744,498 | 19,059,395 |
| 2019 | 728,147 | 18,513,839 |
| 2018 | 709,101 | 17,973,569 |
| 2017 | 685,672 | 17,441,320 |
| 2016 | 662,379 | 16,914,423 |
| 2015 | 639,415 | 16,399,089 |
| 2014 | 616,908 | 15,895,315 |
| 2013 | 594,945 | 15,398,997 |
| 2012 | 573,606 | 14,913,629 |
| 2011 | 552,945 | 14,437,796 |
| 2010 | 532,968 | 13,965,594 |
| 2009 | 518,141 | 13,490,389 |
| 2008 | 508,790 | 13,021,324 |
| 2007 | 500,156 | 12,565,085 |
| 2006 | 491,594 | 12,129,553 |
| 2005 | 483,080 | 11,718,819 |
| 2004 | 474,611 | 11,338,198 |
| 2003 | 466,154 | 10,983,595 |
| 2002 | 457,671 | 10,647,949 |
| 2001 | 449,125 | 10,325,185 |
| 2000 | 440,469 | 10,017,631 |
| 1999 | 430,500 | 9,740,005 |
| 1998 | 419,071 | 9,482,408 |
| 1997 | 407,474 | 9,237,063 |
| 1996 | 396,009 | 9,004,053 |
| 1995 | 384,733 | 8,785,763 |
| 1994 | 373,675 | 8,576,269 |
| 1993 | 362,839 | 8,373,921 |
| 1992 | 352,205 | 8,176,680 |
| 1991 | 341,738 | 7,981,650 |
| 1990 | 331,435 | 7,786,169 |
| 1989 | 321,282 | 7,589,216 |
| 1988 | 311,265 | 7,391,440 |
| 1987 | 301,414 | 7,191,282 |
| 1986 | 291,842 | 6,986,471 |
| 1985 | 282,455 | 6,780,953 |
| 1984 | 273,163 | 6,580,490 |
| 1983 | 264,068 | 6,381,038 |
| 1982 | 255,200 | 6,178,637 |
| 1981 | 246,555 | 5,983,289 |
| 1980 | 238,135 | 5,802,833 |
| 1979 | 229,953 | 5,631,728 |
| 1978 | 222,029 | 5,465,374 |
| 1977 | 214,418 | 5,302,480 |
| 1976 | 207,194 | 5,143,842 |
| 1975 | 200,744 | 4,990,086 |
| 1974 | 195,041 | 4,842,746 |
| 1973 | 189,774 | 4,702,693 |
| 1972 | 184,994 | 4,569,309 |
| 1971 | 180,637 | 4,442,525 |
| 1970 | 176,579 | 4,321,718 |
| 1969 | 172,476 | 4,197,116 |
| 1968 | 168,282 | 4,065,593 |
| 1967 | 164,245 | 3,936,343 |
| 1966 | 160,393 | 3,812,003 |
| 1965 | 156,686 | 3,692,086 |
| 1964 | 153,085 | 3,577,017 |
| 1963 | 149,589 | 3,465,907 |
| 1962 | 146,201 | 3,358,099 |
| 1961 | 142,912 | 3,254,086 |
| 1960 | 139,688 | 3,153,729 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/solomon-islands/zambia | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of the Solomon Islands increased by 170,785 people (a 34.7% growth), while Zambia gained 4,784,870 people (a 39.4% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, the Solomon Islands gained 206,315 people (a 31.1% growth), while Zambia's population increased by 5,930,183 people (a 35.1% growth).
The Solomon Islands was ranked 165th most populous country in 2006 and is 161st in 2026. Zambia was ranked 71st in 2006 and ranked 62nd now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) the Solomon Islands' population will grow by 51.5% to 1,316,163 people with a rank change from 161st to 156th. The population of Zambia will increase by 67.6% to 38,287,070 people and rank change from 62nd to 54th.
The Solomon Islands is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 1.87M people compared to the peak of 65.2M people in 2100 for Zambia.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Solomon Islands
|
Zambia
|
|
| 2100 | 0.22% | 0.53% |
| 2099 | 0.23% | 0.55% |
| 2098 | 0.25% | 0.57% |
| 2097 | 0.26% | 0.58% |
| 2096 | 0.29% | 0.61% |
| 2095 | 0.29% | 0.64% |
| 2094 | 0.32% | 0.64% |
| 2093 | 0.35% | 0.67% |
| 2092 | 0.36% | 0.69% |
| 2091 | 0.38% | 0.7% |
| 2090 | 0.39% | 0.72% |
| 2089 | 0.41% | 0.74% |
| 2088 | 0.42% | 0.77% |
| 2087 | 0.44% | 0.79% |
| 2086 | 0.46% | 0.81% |
| 2085 | 0.48% | 0.83% |
| 2084 | 0.5% | 0.85% |
| 2083 | 0.52% | 0.87% |
| 2082 | 0.54% | 0.9% |
| 2081 | 0.57% | 0.92% |
| 2080 | 0.58% | 0.93% |
| 2079 | 0.61% | 0.96% |
| 2078 | 0.63% | 0.99% |
| 2077 | 0.66% | 1% |
| 2076 | 0.67% | 1.03% |
| 2075 | 0.68% | 1.05% |
| 2074 | 0.72% | 1.08% |
| 2073 | 0.74% | 1.11% |
| 2072 | 0.77% | 1.13% |
| 2071 | 0.79% | 1.15% |
| 2070 | 0.81% | 1.19% |
| 2069 | 0.84% | 1.2% |
| 2068 | 0.86% | 1.23% |
| 2067 | 0.88% | 1.25% |
| 2066 | 0.9% | 1.28% |
| 2065 | 0.93% | 1.31% |
| 2064 | 0.95% | 1.33% |
| 2063 | 0.97% | 1.37% |
| 2062 | 1% | 1.39% |
| 2061 | 1.01% | 1.43% |
| 2060 | 1.04% | 1.45% |
| 2059 | 1.07% | 1.48% |
| 2058 | 1.08% | 1.5% |
| 2057 | 1.11% | 1.53% |
| 2056 | 1.14% | 1.56% |
| 2055 | 1.16% | 1.59% |
| 2054 | 1.19% | 1.62% |
| 2053 | 1.22% | 1.65% |
| 2052 | 1.24% | 1.68% |
| 2051 | 1.28% | 1.71% |
| 2050 | 1.3% | 1.75% |
| 2049 | 1.33% | 1.79% |
| 2048 | 1.36% | 1.82% |
| 2047 | 1.39% | 1.86% |
| 2046 | 1.43% | 1.9% |
| 2045 | 1.46% | 1.94% |
| 2044 | 1.5% | 1.97% |
| 2043 | 1.54% | 2.01% |
| 2042 | 1.56% | 2.05% |
| 2041 | 1.61% | 2.1% |
| 2040 | 1.68% | 2.14% |
| 2039 | 1.75% | 2.19% |
| 2038 | 1.81% | 2.25% |
| 2037 | 1.88% | 2.3% |
| 2036 | 1.95% | 2.35% |
| 2035 | 2% | 2.39% |
| 2034 | 2.05% | 2.44% |
| 2033 | 2.11% | 2.49% |
| 2032 | 2.14% | 2.54% |
| 2031 | 2.18% | 2.58% |
| 2030 | 2.22% | 2.62% |
| 2029 | 2.25% | 2.66% |
| 2028 | 2.3% | 2.72% |
| 2027 | 2.32% | 2.76% |
| 2026 | 2.36% | 2.79% |
| 2025 | 2.37% | 2.81% |
| 2024 | 2.4% | 2.85% |
| 2023 | 2.42% | 2.83% |
| 2022 | 2.42% | 2.8% |
| 2021 | 2.43% | 2.86% |
| 2020 | 2.25% | 2.95% |
| 2019 | 2.69% | 3.01% |
| 2018 | 3.42% | 3.05% |
| 2017 | 3.52% | 3.12% |
| 2016 | 3.59% | 3.14% |
| 2015 | 3.65% | 3.17% |
| 2014 | 3.69% | 3.22% |
| 2013 | 3.72% | 3.25% |
| 2012 | 3.74% | 3.3% |
| 2011 | 3.75% | 3.38% |
| 2010 | 2.86% | 3.52% |
| 2009 | 1.84% | 3.6% |
| 2008 | 1.73% | 3.63% |
| 2007 | 1.74% | 3.59% |
| 2006 | 1.76% | 3.5% |
| 2005 | 1.78% | 3.36% |
| 2004 | 1.81% | 3.23% |
| 2003 | 1.85% | 3.15% |
| 2002 | 1.9% | 3.13% |
| 2001 | 1.97% | 3.07% |
| 2000 | 2.32% | 2.85% |
| 1999 | 2.73% | 2.72% |
| 1998 | 2.85% | 2.66% |
| 1997 | 2.9% | 2.59% |
| 1996 | 2.93% | 2.48% |
| 1995 | 2.96% | 2.44% |
| 1994 | 2.99% | 2.42% |
| 1993 | 3.02% | 2.41% |
| 1992 | 3.06% | 2.44% |
| 1991 | 3.11% | 2.51% |
| 1990 | 3.16% | 2.6% |
| 1989 | 3.22% | 2.68% |
| 1988 | 3.27% | 2.78% |
| 1987 | 3.28% | 2.93% |
| 1986 | 3.32% | 3.03% |
| 1985 | 3.4% | 3.05% |
| 1984 | 3.44% | 3.13% |
| 1983 | 3.47% | 3.28% |
| 1982 | 3.51% | 3.26% |
| 1981 | 3.54% | 3.11% |
| 1980 | 3.56% | 3.04% |
| 1979 | 3.57% | 3.04% |
| 1978 | 3.55% | 3.07% |
| 1977 | 3.49% | 3.08% |
| 1976 | 3.21% | 3.08% |
| 1975 | 2.92% | 3.04% |
| 1974 | 2.78% | 2.98% |
| 1973 | 2.58% | 2.92% |
| 1972 | 2.41% | 2.85% |
| 1971 | 2.3% | 2.8% |
| 1970 | 2.38% | 2.97% |
| 1969 | 2.49% | 3.24% |
| 1968 | 2.46% | 3.28% |
| 1967 | 2.4% | 3.26% |
| 1966 | 2.37% | 3.25% |
| 1965 | 2.35% | 3.22% |
| 1964 | 2.34% | 3.21% |
| 1963 | 2.32% | 3.21% |
| 1962 | 2.3% | 3.2% |
| 1961 | 2.31% | 3.18% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/solomon-islands/zambia | CC BY
In 2025, the population of the Solomon Islands grew by 2.37%, while Zambia's population grew by 2.81%.
Live population counters
|
Solomon Islands
|
Zambia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
868694
|
22844606
|
| Population rank | 161/197 | 62/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.01% | 0.27% |
| One net population change |
27.1 minutes
|
52.8 seconds
|
| One birth every |
24 minutes
|
45.2 seconds
|
| One death every |
2.1 hours
|
4.77 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +53 | +1,641 |
| Annual growth/decline | +19,447 | +598,918 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.37% | +2.81% |
| Population growth rate rank | 32/197 | 19/197 |
| One migration net change every |
5.39 hours
|
1.34 hours
|
| Annual migration change | +1,631 | +6,562 |
| Net migration rank | 59/196 | 47/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 2,469 | 249,205 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 192/195 | 105/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.3% | 1.2% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 184/195 | 150/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Solomon Islands
|
Zambia
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 1,631 | - | 6,562 |
| 2024 | 17,715 | 1,610 | 587,419 | 7,381 |
| 2023 | 17,436 | 1,636 | 577,660 | 9,521 |
| 2022 | 17,253 | 1,567 | 563,456 | -8,566 |
| 2021 | 16,626 | 1,499 | 535,629 | 8,143 |
| 2020 | 16,488 | 1,556 | 536,484 | 8,156 |
| 2019 | 16,649 | -1,990 | 528,089 | 18,385 |
| 2018 | 16,790 | 6,653 | 515,644 | 18,431 |
| 2017 | 16,897 | 6,513 | 504,630 | 25,789 |
| 2016 | 17,027 | 6,146 | 497,521 | 25,860 |
| 2015 | 16,909 | 5,853 | 491,021 | 16,261 |
| 2014 | 16,652 | 5,598 | 483,663 | 16,574 |
| 2013 | 16,038 | 5,631 | 476,846 | 15,542 |
| 2012 | 15,585 | 5,420 | 469,406 | 8,958 |
| 2011 | 15,095 | 5,219 | 459,743 | 13,569 |
| 2010 | 14,604 | 5,040 | 448,337 | 22,761 |
| 2009 | 14,381 | -4,360 | 434,458 | 44,867 |
| 2008 | 14,225 | -5,538 | 419,560 | 39,249 |
| 2007 | 13,963 | -5,383 | 403,729 | 49,945 |
| 2006 | 13,799 | -5,262 | 387,891 | 29,517 |
| 2005 | 13,568 | -5,082 | 368,756 | 35,316 |
| 2004 | 13,444 | -4,985 | 349,352 | 7,819 |
| 2003 | 13,344 | -4,881 | 331,189 | 20,845 |
| 2002 | 13,195 | -4,691 | 316,041 | 3,206 |
| 2001 | 13,061 | -4,474 | 302,682 | 23,582 |
| 2000 | 12,938 | -4,219 | 293,186 | -4,338 |
| 1999 | 12,809 | -1,588 | 283,297 | -16,888 |
| 1998 | 12,658 | -1,019 | 275,568 | -26,796 |
| 1997 | 12,478 | -931 | 268,198 | -26,276 |
| 1996 | 12,328 | -947 | 262,468 | -38,358 |
| 1995 | 12,124 | -952 | 257,897 | -45,423 |
| 1994 | 11,771 | -828 | 252,023 | -45,504 |
| 1993 | 11,396 | -665 | 245,917 | -47,739 |
| 1992 | 11,029 | -482 | 239,953 | -43,656 |
| 1991 | 10,789 | -410 | 237,957 | -44,203 |
| 1990 | 10,561 | -335 | 235,835 | -38,619 |
| 1989 | 10,354 | -270 | 233,429 | -36,736 |
| 1988 | 10,142 | -197 | 230,118 | -31,270 |
| 1987 | 9,943 | -179 | 227,813 | -26,338 |
| 1986 | 9,656 | -269 | 224,768 | -16,610 |
| 1985 | 9,534 | -150 | 221,351 | -18,474 |
| 1984 | 9,299 | -102 | 216,695 | -18,652 |
| 1983 | 9,011 | -30 | 212,712 | -11,849 |
| 1982 | 8,720 | 40 | 207,621 | -3,676 |
| 1981 | 8,436 | 99 | 202,822 | -16,072 |
| 1980 | 8,156 | 151 | 198,817 | -24,664 |
| 1979 | 7,874 | 188 | 197,578 | -29,515 |
| 1978 | 7,598 | 174 | 194,933 | -30,284 |
| 1977 | 7,290 | 159 | 191,557 | -30,423 |
| 1976 | 7,058 | -48 | 186,762 | -30,612 |
| 1975 | 6,635 | -760 | 182,258 | -30,886 |
| 1974 | 6,612 | -1,084 | 174,484 | -31,178 |
| 1973 | 6,343 | -1,329 | 168,258 | -31,472 |
| 1972 | 6,074 | -1,520 | 161,648 | -31,672 |
| 1971 | 5,814 | -1,646 | 155,249 | -31,651 |
| 1970 | 5,575 | -1,632 | 149,380 | -31,370 |
| 1969 | 5,444 | -1,187 | 142,660 | -11,469 |
| 1968 | 5,285 | -1,154 | 137,315 | -5,447 |
| 1967 | 5,151 | -1,213 | 131,938 | -5,298 |
| 1966 | 5,028 | -1,256 | 127,164 | -5,129 |
| 1965 | 4,885 | -1,237 | 122,814 | -5,023 |
| 1964 | 4,747 | -1,200 | 117,197 | -4,851 |
| 1963 | 4,571 | -1,129 | 114,555 | -4,676 |
| 1962 | 4,408 | -1,073 | 110,173 | -4,428 |
| 1961 | 4,257 | -1,016 | 106,318 | -4,043 |
| 1960 | 4,119 | -917 | 102,335 | -3,898 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/solomon-islands/zambia | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 84.5% of the population change in the Solomon Islands is from natural causes (a gain of 169,790 people) and 15.5% is from migration (a gain of 31,043 people). In Zambia 97.6% is from natural causes (a gain of 5,337,553 people) and 2.37% is from migration (a gain of 129,361 people).
As of 2024, 2,469 residents or 0.3% of the population were not native-born in the Solomon Islands, compared to 249,205 people or 1.2% in Zambia.
Biggest cities by population
|
Solomon Islands
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Honiara | 84.5K |
| Auki | 6.81K |
|
Zambia
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Lusaka | 2.47M |
| Kitwe | 625K |
| Ndola | 528K |
| Chingola | 255K |
| Mufulira | 182K |
| Livingstone | 177K |
| Kasama | 158K |
| Kapiri Mposhi | 65.2K |
| Choma | 51.8K |
| Mansa | 45.4K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between the Solomon Islands and Zambia
|
Solomon Islands
|
Zambia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 71 years | 66.9 years |
| Average age | 25.7 years | 22.8 years |
| Median age | 21.8 years | 19 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 51.1:48.9 | 49.5:50.5 |
| Fertility rate | 3.51 births per woman | 4.04 births per woman |
| Population density | 79.4 ppl/mi² | 78.5 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/solomon-islands/zambia | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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