The latest officially reported population of Kuwait was 4,865,298 in 2025 vs 18,087,633 people in the Netherlands in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Kuwait's population is 4,981,316 people compared to 18,243,998 in the Netherlands.
Population statistics:
- The Netherlands' population is 3.66 times bigger than Kuwait's.
- Kuwait is ranked the 127th most populous country in the world, while the Netherlands is the 72nd.
- The countries together account for 0.28% of the world: 0.06% for Kuwait vs 0.22% for the Netherlands.
- For the last 10 years, Kuwait has had an average growth rate of +2.64% per year vs +0.64% in the Netherlands.
- Since 2006, the population of Kuwait has increased from 2.36M people to 4.98M (110.7% growth), while the Netherlands has grown from 16.3M to 18.2M (11.6% growth).
Kuwait vs Netherlands: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 2100 | 9,334,340 | 17,329,352 |
| 2099 | 9,260,081 | 17,362,626 |
| 2098 | 9,186,463 | 17,395,665 |
| 2097 | 9,113,170 | 17,429,925 |
| 2096 | 9,040,141 | 17,465,162 |
| 2095 | 8,967,450 | 17,502,567 |
| 2094 | 8,895,114 | 17,540,959 |
| 2093 | 8,823,113 | 17,580,632 |
| 2092 | 8,751,505 | 17,619,384 |
| 2091 | 8,680,321 | 17,658,238 |
| 2090 | 8,609,595 | 17,700,204 |
| 2089 | 8,539,136 | 17,739,947 |
| 2088 | 8,469,109 | 17,779,324 |
| 2087 | 8,399,564 | 17,815,257 |
| 2086 | 8,330,533 | 17,854,371 |
| 2085 | 8,261,971 | 17,890,610 |
| 2084 | 8,193,896 | 17,926,885 |
| 2083 | 8,126,269 | 17,963,416 |
| 2082 | 8,059,106 | 17,998,527 |
| 2081 | 7,992,347 | 18,032,297 |
| 2080 | 7,926,024 | 18,062,716 |
| 2079 | 7,860,286 | 18,093,254 |
| 2078 | 7,795,005 | 18,121,649 |
| 2077 | 7,730,203 | 18,150,234 |
| 2076 | 7,665,903 | 18,175,683 |
| 2075 | 7,602,169 | 18,196,574 |
| 2074 | 7,538,993 | 18,214,405 |
| 2073 | 7,476,318 | 18,232,486 |
| 2072 | 7,414,183 | 18,249,136 |
| 2071 | 7,352,798 | 18,264,367 |
| 2070 | 7,292,103 | 18,279,781 |
| 2069 | 7,231,928 | 18,295,123 |
| 2068 | 7,172,407 | 18,310,300 |
| 2067 | 7,113,525 | 18,325,333 |
| 2066 | 7,055,300 | 18,343,435 |
| 2065 | 6,997,659 | 18,364,513 |
| 2064 | 6,940,617 | 18,386,352 |
| 2063 | 6,883,966 | 18,409,851 |
| 2062 | 6,827,893 | 18,433,299 |
| 2061 | 6,772,426 | 18,460,766 |
| 2060 | 6,717,567 | 18,488,598 |
| 2059 | 6,663,194 | 18,517,020 |
| 2058 | 6,609,283 | 18,545,884 |
| 2057 | 6,555,790 | 18,576,502 |
| 2056 | 6,502,807 | 18,606,997 |
| 2055 | 6,450,126 | 18,634,546 |
| 2054 | 6,397,735 | 18,660,585 |
| 2053 | 6,345,468 | 18,686,212 |
| 2052 | 6,293,294 | 18,709,643 |
| 2051 | 6,241,127 | 18,736,166 |
| 2050 | 6,188,892 | 18,757,302 |
| 2049 | 6,136,684 | 18,777,673 |
| 2048 | 6,084,369 | 18,795,411 |
| 2047 | 6,032,063 | 18,812,362 |
| 2046 | 5,979,700 | 18,823,628 |
| 2045 | 5,927,211 | 18,834,974 |
| 2044 | 5,874,608 | 18,844,772 |
| 2043 | 5,822,127 | 18,850,396 |
| 2042 | 5,769,628 | 18,853,495 |
| 2041 | 5,717,337 | 18,852,912 |
| 2040 | 5,665,332 | 18,847,238 |
| 2039 | 5,613,613 | 18,837,931 |
| 2038 | 5,562,201 | 18,823,220 |
| 2037 | 5,511,310 | 18,804,912 |
| 2036 | 5,460,951 | 18,779,656 |
| 2035 | 5,411,185 | 18,751,144 |
| 2034 | 5,362,082 | 18,718,013 |
| 2033 | 5,313,716 | 18,676,061 |
| 2032 | 5,266,162 | 18,630,094 |
| 2031 | 5,219,420 | 18,577,582 |
| 2030 | 5,173,547 | 18,517,866 |
| 2029 | 5,125,419 | 18,449,618 |
| 2028 | 5,073,776 | 18,372,676 |
| 2027 | 5,015,009 | 18,289,268 |
| 2026 | 4,945,732 | 18,196,186 |
| 2025 | 4,865,298 | 18,087,633 |
| 2024 | 4,897,263 | 17,993,485 |
| 2023 | 4,853,420 | 17,877,117 |
| 2022 | 4,589,643 | 17,700,982 |
| 2021 | 4,360,865 | 17,533,044 |
| 2020 | 4,400,267 | 17,441,500 |
| 2019 | 4,442,316 | 17,344,874 |
| 2018 | 4,323,515 | 17,231,624 |
| 2017 | 4,154,812 | 17,131,296 |
| 2016 | 4,004,096 | 17,030,314 |
| 2015 | 3,834,574 | 16,939,923 |
| 2014 | 3,665,876 | 16,865,008 |
| 2013 | 3,507,844 | 16,804,432 |
| 2012 | 3,337,109 | 16,754,962 |
| 2011 | 3,132,814 | 16,693,074 |
| 2010 | 2,943,372 | 16,615,394 |
| 2009 | 2,795,484 | 16,530,388 |
| 2008 | 2,651,421 | 16,445,593 |
| 2007 | 2,507,887 | 16,381,696 |
| 2006 | 2,364,733 | 16,346,101 |
| 2005 | 2,236,788 | 16,319,868 |
| 2004 | 2,157,320 | 16,281,779 |
| 2003 | 2,109,881 | 16,225,302 |
| 2002 | 2,059,974 | 16,148,929 |
| 2001 | 2,008,121 | 16,046,180 |
| 2000 | 1,954,709 | 15,925,513 |
| 1999 | 1,900,030 | 15,812,088 |
| 1998 | 1,844,302 | 15,707,209 |
| 1997 | 1,787,683 | 15,610,650 |
| 1996 | 1,730,246 | 15,530,498 |
| 1995 | 1,681,513 | 15,459,006 |
| 1994 | 1,664,361 | 15,382,838 |
| 1993 | 1,672,151 | 15,290,368 |
| 1992 | 1,634,961 | 15,184,166 |
| 1991 | 1,351,399 | 15,069,798 |
| 1990 | 1,684,819 | 14,951,510 |
| 1989 | 2,217,468 | 14,848,907 |
| 1988 | 2,134,707 | 14,760,094 |
| 1987 | 2,052,994 | 14,665,037 |
| 1986 | 1,972,520 | 14,572,278 |
| 1985 | 1,894,242 | 14,491,632 |
| 1984 | 1,820,688 | 14,424,211 |
| 1983 | 1,744,295 | 14,367,070 |
| 1982 | 1,662,480 | 14,312,690 |
| 1981 | 1,583,426 | 14,247,208 |
| 1980 | 1,504,782 | 14,149,800 |
| 1979 | 1,423,514 | 14,038,270 |
| 1978 | 1,340,319 | 13,941,700 |
| 1977 | 1,258,023 | 13,856,185 |
| 1976 | 1,178,711 | 13,774,037 |
| 1975 | 1,104,863 | 13,666,335 |
| 1974 | 1,038,346 | 13,545,056 |
| 1973 | 977,654 | 13,439,322 |
| 1972 | 920,352 | 13,328,593 |
| 1971 | 865,076 | 13,194,497 |
| 1970 | 809,114 | 13,038,526 |
| 1969 | 749,452 | 12,877,984 |
| 1968 | 687,716 | 12,729,721 |
| 1967 | 628,089 | 12,598,201 |
| 1966 | 572,590 | 12,456,251 |
| 1965 | 521,174 | 12,294,732 |
| 1964 | 473,115 | 12,127,120 |
| 1963 | 427,694 | 11,965,966 |
| 1962 | 384,995 | 11,805,689 |
| 1961 | 345,945 | 11,638,712 |
| 1960 | 311,060 | 11,486,631 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/netherlands | CC BY
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Kuwait increased by 1,639,363 people (a 69.3% growth), while the Netherlands gained 684,213 people (a 4.19% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Kuwait gained 977,220 people (a 24.4% growth), while the Netherlands' population increased by 1,213,684 people (a 7.13% growth).
Kuwait was ranked 139th most populous country in 2006 and is 127th in 2026. The Netherlands was ranked 61st in 2006 and ranked 72nd now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Kuwait's population will grow by 24.2% to 6,188,892 people with a rank change from 127th to 119th. The population of the Netherlands will increase by 2.81% to 18,757,302 people and rank change from 72nd to 77th.
Kuwait is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 9.33M people compared to the peak of 18.9M people in 2042 for the Netherlands.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 2100 | 0.8% | -0.19% |
| 2099 | 0.8% | -0.19% |
| 2098 | 0.8% | -0.2% |
| 2097 | 0.81% | -0.2% |
| 2096 | 0.81% | -0.21% |
| 2095 | 0.81% | -0.22% |
| 2094 | 0.82% | -0.23% |
| 2093 | 0.82% | -0.22% |
| 2092 | 0.82% | -0.22% |
| 2091 | 0.82% | -0.24% |
| 2090 | 0.83% | -0.22% |
| 2089 | 0.83% | -0.22% |
| 2088 | 0.83% | -0.2% |
| 2087 | 0.83% | -0.22% |
| 2086 | 0.83% | -0.2% |
| 2085 | 0.83% | -0.2% |
| 2084 | 0.83% | -0.2% |
| 2083 | 0.83% | -0.2% |
| 2082 | 0.84% | -0.19% |
| 2081 | 0.84% | -0.17% |
| 2080 | 0.84% | -0.17% |
| 2079 | 0.84% | -0.16% |
| 2078 | 0.84% | -0.16% |
| 2077 | 0.84% | -0.14% |
| 2076 | 0.84% | -0.11% |
| 2075 | 0.84% | -0.1% |
| 2074 | 0.84% | -0.1% |
| 2073 | 0.84% | -0.09% |
| 2072 | 0.83% | -0.08% |
| 2071 | 0.83% | -0.08% |
| 2070 | 0.83% | -0.08% |
| 2069 | 0.83% | -0.08% |
| 2068 | 0.83% | -0.08% |
| 2067 | 0.83% | -0.1% |
| 2066 | 0.82% | -0.11% |
| 2065 | 0.82% | -0.12% |
| 2064 | 0.82% | -0.13% |
| 2063 | 0.82% | -0.13% |
| 2062 | 0.82% | -0.15% |
| 2061 | 0.82% | -0.15% |
| 2060 | 0.82% | -0.15% |
| 2059 | 0.82% | -0.16% |
| 2058 | 0.82% | -0.16% |
| 2057 | 0.81% | -0.16% |
| 2056 | 0.82% | -0.15% |
| 2055 | 0.82% | -0.14% |
| 2054 | 0.82% | -0.14% |
| 2053 | 0.83% | -0.13% |
| 2052 | 0.84% | -0.14% |
| 2051 | 0.84% | -0.11% |
| 2050 | 0.85% | -0.11% |
| 2049 | 0.86% | -0.09% |
| 2048 | 0.87% | -0.09% |
| 2047 | 0.88% | -0.06% |
| 2046 | 0.89% | -0.06% |
| 2045 | 0.9% | -0.05% |
| 2044 | 0.9% | -0.03% |
| 2043 | 0.91% | -0.02% |
| 2042 | 0.91% | 0.003% |
| 2041 | 0.92% | 0.03% |
| 2040 | 0.92% | 0.05% |
| 2039 | 0.92% | 0.08% |
| 2038 | 0.92% | 0.1% |
| 2037 | 0.92% | 0.13% |
| 2036 | 0.92% | 0.15% |
| 2035 | 0.92% | 0.18% |
| 2034 | 0.91% | 0.22% |
| 2033 | 0.9% | 0.25% |
| 2032 | 0.9% | 0.28% |
| 2031 | 0.89% | 0.32% |
| 2030 | 0.94% | 0.37% |
| 2029 | 1.02% | 0.42% |
| 2028 | 1.17% | 0.46% |
| 2027 | 1.4% | 0.51% |
| 2026 | 1.65% | 0.6% |
| 2025 | -0.65% | 0.52% |
| 2024 | 0.9% | 0.65% |
| 2023 | 5.75% | 1% |
| 2022 | 5.25% | 0.96% |
| 2021 | -0.9% | 0.52% |
| 2020 | -0.95% | 0.56% |
| 2019 | 2.75% | 0.66% |
| 2018 | 4.06% | 0.59% |
| 2017 | 3.76% | 0.59% |
| 2016 | 4.42% | 0.53% |
| 2015 | 4.6% | 0.44% |
| 2014 | 4.51% | 0.36% |
| 2013 | 5.12% | 0.3% |
| 2012 | 6.52% | 0.37% |
| 2011 | 6.44% | 0.47% |
| 2010 | 5.29% | 0.51% |
| 2009 | 5.43% | 0.52% |
| 2008 | 5.72% | 0.39% |
| 2007 | 6.05% | 0.22% |
| 2006 | 5.72% | 0.16% |
| 2005 | 3.68% | 0.23% |
| 2004 | 2.25% | 0.35% |
| 2003 | 2.42% | 0.47% |
| 2002 | 2.58% | 0.64% |
| 2001 | 2.73% | 0.76% |
| 2000 | 2.88% | 0.72% |
| 1999 | 3.02% | 0.67% |
| 1998 | 3.17% | 0.62% |
| 1997 | 3.32% | 0.52% |
| 1996 | 2.9% | 0.46% |
| 1995 | 1.03% | 0.5% |
| 1994 | -0.47% | 0.6% |
| 1993 | 2.27% | 0.7% |
| 1992 | 21% | 0.76% |
| 1991 | -19.8% | 0.79% |
| 1990 | -24% | 0.69% |
| 1989 | 3.88% | 0.6% |
| 1988 | 3.98% | 0.65% |
| 1987 | 4.08% | 0.64% |
| 1986 | 4.13% | 0.56% |
| 1985 | 4.04% | 0.47% |
| 1984 | 4.38% | 0.4% |
| 1983 | 4.92% | 0.38% |
| 1982 | 4.99% | 0.46% |
| 1981 | 5.23% | 0.69% |
| 1980 | 5.71% | 0.79% |
| 1979 | 6.21% | 0.69% |
| 1978 | 6.54% | 0.62% |
| 1977 | 6.73% | 0.6% |
| 1976 | 6.68% | 0.79% |
| 1975 | 6.41% | 0.9% |
| 1974 | 6.21% | 0.79% |
| 1973 | 6.23% | 0.83% |
| 1972 | 6.39% | 1.02% |
| 1971 | 6.92% | 1.2% |
| 1970 | 7.96% | 1.25% |
| 1969 | 8.98% | 1.16% |
| 1968 | 9.49% | 1.04% |
| 1967 | 9.69% | 1.14% |
| 1966 | 9.87% | 1.31% |
| 1965 | 10.2% | 1.38% |
| 1964 | 10.6% | 1.35% |
| 1963 | 11.1% | 1.36% |
| 1962 | 11.3% | 1.43% |
| 1961 | 11.2% | 1.32% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/netherlands | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Kuwait declined by 0.65%, while the Netherlands' population grew by 0.52%.
Live population counters
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
4981316
|
18243998
|
| Population rank | 127/197 | 72/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.06% | 0.22% |
| One net population change |
16.5 minutes
|
5.6 minutes
|
| One birth every |
10.7 minutes
|
3.18 minutes
|
| One death every |
1.18 hours
|
3.04 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | -88 | +258 |
| Annual growth/decline | -31,965 | +94,148 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | -0.65% | +0.52% |
| Population growth rate rank | 188/197 | 127/197 |
| One migration net change every |
12.3 minutes
|
5.03 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +42,775 | +104,681 |
| Net migration rank | 24/196 | 16/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 3,323,191 | 2,956,518 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 20/195 | 23/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 67.3% | 16.2% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 5/195 | 40/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 42,775 | - | 104,681 |
| 2024 | 41,627 | 61,624 | -7,197 | 121,628 |
| 2023 | 42,568 | 50,008 | -5,363 | 144,558 |
| 2022 | 41,752 | 368,560 | -1,770 | 224,472 |
| 2021 | 42,057 | 19,678 | 7,014 | 106,416 |
| 2020 | 41,083 | -168,379 | 0 | 67,598 |
| 2019 | 46,268 | 181 | 17,345 | 109,003 |
| 2018 | 47,222 | 145,973 | 15,508 | 87,197 |
| 2017 | 51,498 | 92,717 | 18,844 | 86,332 |
| 2016 | 51,397 | 105,818 | 23,843 | 88,743 |
| 2015 | 52,127 | 129,695 | 23,716 | 55,585 |
| 2014 | 54,673 | 100,891 | 35,417 | 36,591 |
| 2013 | 52,666 | 107,821 | 30,248 | 19,973 |
| 2012 | 53,181 | 127,777 | 35,186 | 14,861 |
| 2011 | 50,733 | 176,732 | 45,072 | 31,224 |
| 2010 | 49,838 | 101,566 | 48,184 | 33,703 |
| 2009 | 48,879 | 95,483 | 51,244 | 39,832 |
| 2008 | 47,505 | 96,268 | 49,337 | 32,406 |
| 2007 | 46,539 | 96,765 | 49,145 | -304 |
| 2006 | 45,911 | 97,087 | 49,038 | -25,401 |
| 2005 | 45,243 | 67,638 | 50,592 | -22,496 |
| 2004 | 44,341 | 1,713 | 56,987 | -9,230 |
| 2003 | 42,934 | 5,895 | 58,411 | 7,937 |
| 2002 | 41,651 | 9,335 | 59,751 | 28,824 |
| 2001 | 40,662 | 12,055 | 62,580 | 56,096 |
| 2000 | 39,811 | 14,296 | 66,887 | 59,308 |
| 1999 | 39,342 | 15,912 | 60,086 | 47,179 |
| 1998 | 39,324 | 16,878 | 61,258 | 52,058 |
| 1997 | 39,581 | 17,457 | 56,198 | 31,302 |
| 1996 | 39,920 | 17,914 | 51,251 | 21,792 |
| 1995 | 39,198 | 438 | 54,106 | 15,056 |
| 1994 | 36,533 | -41,862 | 61,532 | 20,193 |
| 1993 | 33,239 | -43,501 | 58,103 | 44,514 |
| 1992 | 32,016 | 52,620 | 66,811 | 50,148 |
| 1991 | 21,867 | 460,628 | 69,321 | 51,670 |
| 1990 | 46,720 | -1,196,050 | 68,777 | 53,564 |
| 1989 | 49,390 | 34,643 | 59,396 | 31,165 |
| 1988 | 50,037 | 31,455 | 61,993 | 31,026 |
| 1987 | 50,690 | 31,243 | 64,526 | 39,559 |
| 1986 | 51,824 | 27,187 | 59,746 | 30,380 |
| 1985 | 51,772 | 25,777 | 55,069 | 27,356 |
| 1984 | 52,539 | 17,020 | 54,812 | 12,902 |
| 1983 | 51,460 | 31,758 | 51,722 | 11,007 |
| 1982 | 49,981 | 30,437 | 54,388 | 7,644 |
| 1981 | 48,098 | 29,600 | 62,688 | 17,643 |
| 1980 | 47,096 | 32,483 | 66,504 | 54,010 |
| 1979 | 45,569 | 37,383 | 63,172 | 42,772 |
| 1978 | 44,277 | 39,159 | 61,344 | 26,639 |
| 1977 | 42,922 | 38,225 | 63,739 | 19,809 |
| 1976 | 41,439 | 36,050 | 63,361 | 18,774 |
| 1975 | 39,295 | 30,909 | 64,232 | 68,569 |
| 1974 | 37,425 | 25,398 | 75,853 | 31,645 |
| 1973 | 35,741 | 22,830 | 84,668 | 18,705 |
| 1972 | 34,045 | 21,984 | 101,297 | 17,470 |
| 1971 | 32,339 | 22,182 | 116,112 | 32,756 |
| 1970 | 30,789 | 26,614 | 129,082 | 32,438 |
| 1969 | 28,774 | 33,143 | 139,082 | 21,850 |
| 1968 | 26,161 | 35,399 | 132,389 | 7,243 |
| 1967 | 23,520 | 34,177 | 138,580 | -10,673 |
| 1966 | 20,914 | 32,383 | 138,265 | 20,740 |
| 1965 | 18,952 | 30,580 | 146,308 | 19,444 |
| 1964 | 17,064 | 29,537 | 157,653 | 15,014 |
| 1963 | 15,357 | 28,889 | 154,361 | -21 |
| 1962 | 13,730 | 27,417 | 153,474 | 18,024 |
| 1961 | 12,327 | 24,618 | 159,450 | 8,258 |
| 1960 | 11,054 | 21,769 | 151,623 | -13,235 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/netherlands | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 36.2% of the population change in Kuwait is from natural causes (a gain of 457,599 people) and 63.8% is from migration (a gain of 805,875 people). In the Netherlands 7.77% is from natural causes (a gain of 91,940 people) and 92.2% is from migration (a gain of 1,091,532 people).
As of 2024, 3,323,191 residents or 67.3% of the population were not native-born in Kuwait, compared to 2,956,518 people or 16.2% in the Netherlands.
Biggest cities by population
|
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Kuwait | 2.99M |
| Al Wafrah | 10K |
|
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Amsterdam | 921K |
| Rotterdam | 664K |
| The Hague | 548K |
| Utrecht | 359K |
| Eindhoven | 244K |
| Groningen | 238K |
| Tilburg | 228K |
| Almere | 215K |
| Breda | 188K |
| Nijmegen | 177K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Kuwait and the Netherlands
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 81 years | 82.6 years |
| Average age | 34.2 years | 42.7 years |
| Median age | 35.8 years | 42.5 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 61.1:38.9 | 49.7:50.3 |
| Fertility rate | 1.56 births per woman | 1.43 births per woman |
| Population density | 719 ppl/mi² | 1,400 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/netherlands | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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