The latest officially reported population of the Netherlands was 17,993,485 in 2024 vs 27,032,412 people in Niger in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Netherlands' population is 18,252,623 people compared to 29,080,898 in Niger.
Population statistics:
- Niger's population is 1.59 times bigger than the Netherlands'.
- The Netherlands is ranked the 72nd most populous country in the world, while Niger is the 53rd.
- The countries together account for 0.57% of the world: 0.22% for the Netherlands vs 0.35% for Niger.
- For the last 10 years, the Netherlands has had an average growth rate of +0.62% per year vs +3.5% in Niger.
- Since 2006, the population of the Netherlands has increased from 16.3M people to 18.3M (11.7% growth), while Niger has grown from 14.3M to 29.1M (103.8% growth).
Netherlands vs Niger: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Netherlands
|
Niger
|
|
| 2100 | 17,359,081 | 92,149,803 |
| 2099 | 17,392,412 | 91,788,730 |
| 2098 | 17,425,508 | 91,409,848 |
| 2097 | 17,459,827 | 91,009,119 |
| 2096 | 17,495,124 | 90,589,670 |
| 2095 | 17,532,593 | 90,150,766 |
| 2094 | 17,571,051 | 89,694,201 |
| 2093 | 17,610,792 | 89,215,318 |
| 2092 | 17,649,611 | 88,716,114 |
| 2091 | 17,688,532 | 88,197,952 |
| 2090 | 17,730,570 | 87,660,657 |
| 2089 | 17,770,380 | 87,103,777 |
| 2088 | 17,809,825 | 86,525,686 |
| 2087 | 17,845,820 | 85,929,075 |
| 2086 | 17,885,001 | 85,313,560 |
| 2085 | 17,921,302 | 84,675,788 |
| 2084 | 17,957,639 | 84,017,371 |
| 2083 | 17,994,232 | 83,337,884 |
| 2082 | 18,029,404 | 82,638,198 |
| 2081 | 18,063,233 | 81,922,470 |
| 2080 | 18,093,703 | 81,186,181 |
| 2079 | 18,124,294 | 80,435,226 |
| 2078 | 18,152,738 | 79,665,207 |
| 2077 | 18,181,372 | 78,877,754 |
| 2076 | 18,206,864 | 78,071,174 |
| 2075 | 18,227,791 | 77,248,629 |
| 2074 | 18,245,652 | 76,412,785 |
| 2073 | 18,263,765 | 75,560,272 |
| 2072 | 18,280,443 | 74,691,713 |
| 2071 | 18,295,700 | 73,808,594 |
| 2070 | 18,311,141 | 72,912,178 |
| 2069 | 18,326,509 | 71,999,238 |
| 2068 | 18,341,711 | 71,073,720 |
| 2067 | 18,356,770 | 70,133,854 |
| 2066 | 18,374,904 | 69,181,625 |
| 2065 | 18,396,018 | 68,221,595 |
| 2064 | 18,417,894 | 67,248,034 |
| 2063 | 18,441,434 | 66,264,418 |
| 2062 | 18,464,922 | 65,270,595 |
| 2061 | 18,492,436 | 64,267,053 |
| 2060 | 18,520,315 | 63,257,169 |
| 2059 | 18,548,786 | 62,239,490 |
| 2058 | 18,577,700 | 61,213,177 |
| 2057 | 18,608,370 | 60,180,993 |
| 2056 | 18,638,918 | 59,145,841 |
| 2055 | 18,666,514 | 58,103,375 |
| 2054 | 18,692,598 | 57,056,756 |
| 2053 | 18,718,268 | 56,007,297 |
| 2052 | 18,741,740 | 54,958,567 |
| 2051 | 18,768,309 | 53,907,164 |
| 2050 | 18,789,481 | 52,858,275 |
| 2049 | 18,809,886 | 51,810,418 |
| 2048 | 18,827,655 | 50,763,456 |
| 2047 | 18,844,635 | 49,719,695 |
| 2046 | 18,855,920 | 48,677,799 |
| 2045 | 18,867,286 | 47,638,048 |
| 2044 | 18,877,101 | 46,602,104 |
| 2043 | 18,882,735 | 45,572,618 |
| 2042 | 18,885,839 | 44,546,381 |
| 2041 | 18,885,255 | 43,525,533 |
| 2040 | 18,879,571 | 42,508,212 |
| 2039 | 18,870,248 | 41,495,840 |
| 2038 | 18,855,512 | 40,485,407 |
| 2037 | 18,837,172 | 39,476,789 |
| 2036 | 18,811,873 | 38,472,178 |
| 2035 | 18,783,312 | 37,470,776 |
| 2034 | 18,750,125 | 36,477,557 |
| 2033 | 18,708,101 | 35,487,806 |
| 2032 | 18,662,054 | 34,508,717 |
| 2031 | 18,609,452 | 33,538,029 |
| 2030 | 18,549,634 | 32,574,145 |
| 2029 | 18,481,269 | 31,620,865 |
| 2028 | 18,404,195 | 30,680,257 |
| 2027 | 18,320,644 | 29,750,695 |
| 2026 | 18,227,403 | 28,832,547 |
| 2025 | 18,118,662 | 27,926,917 |
| 2024 | 17,993,485 | 27,032,412 |
| 2023 | 17,877,117 | 26,159,867 |
| 2022 | 17,700,982 | 25,311,973 |
| 2021 | 17,533,044 | 24,502,140 |
| 2020 | 17,441,500 | 23,717,613 |
| 2019 | 17,344,874 | 22,947,757 |
| 2018 | 17,231,624 | 22,188,069 |
| 2017 | 17,131,296 | 21,435,446 |
| 2016 | 17,030,314 | 20,685,753 |
| 2015 | 16,939,923 | 19,939,498 |
| 2014 | 16,865,008 | 19,215,909 |
| 2013 | 16,804,432 | 18,519,898 |
| 2012 | 16,754,962 | 17,836,769 |
| 2011 | 16,693,074 | 17,176,283 |
| 2010 | 16,615,394 | 16,548,835 |
| 2009 | 16,530,388 | 15,943,675 |
| 2008 | 16,445,593 | 15,361,915 |
| 2007 | 16,381,696 | 14,803,610 |
| 2006 | 16,346,101 | 14,268,581 |
| 2005 | 16,319,868 | 13,756,192 |
| 2004 | 16,281,779 | 13,265,836 |
| 2003 | 16,225,302 | 12,796,984 |
| 2002 | 16,148,929 | 12,349,144 |
| 2001 | 16,046,180 | 11,920,647 |
| 2000 | 15,925,513 | 11,509,630 |
| 1999 | 15,812,088 | 11,117,411 |
| 1998 | 15,707,209 | 10,741,413 |
| 1997 | 15,610,650 | 10,383,969 |
| 1996 | 15,530,498 | 10,044,852 |
| 1995 | 15,459,006 | 9,714,529 |
| 1994 | 15,382,838 | 9,398,258 |
| 1993 | 15,290,368 | 9,100,789 |
| 1992 | 15,184,166 | 8,817,633 |
| 1991 | 15,069,798 | 8,546,900 |
| 1990 | 14,951,510 | 8,286,059 |
| 1989 | 14,848,907 | 8,034,780 |
| 1988 | 14,760,094 | 7,793,748 |
| 1987 | 14,665,037 | 7,561,150 |
| 1986 | 14,572,278 | 7,335,811 |
| 1985 | 14,491,632 | 7,118,457 |
| 1984 | 14,424,211 | 6,909,971 |
| 1983 | 14,367,070 | 6,708,644 |
| 1982 | 14,312,690 | 6,512,732 |
| 1981 | 14,247,208 | 6,322,006 |
| 1980 | 14,149,800 | 6,135,971 |
| 1979 | 14,038,270 | 5,955,556 |
| 1978 | 13,941,700 | 5,782,932 |
| 1977 | 13,856,185 | 5,619,716 |
| 1976 | 13,774,037 | 5,464,962 |
| 1975 | 13,666,335 | 5,317,019 |
| 1974 | 13,545,056 | 5,174,953 |
| 1973 | 13,439,322 | 5,037,865 |
| 1972 | 13,328,593 | 4,904,845 |
| 1971 | 13,194,497 | 4,776,225 |
| 1970 | 13,038,526 | 4,650,275 |
| 1969 | 12,877,984 | 4,525,725 |
| 1968 | 12,729,721 | 4,403,637 |
| 1967 | 12,598,201 | 4,283,590 |
| 1966 | 12,456,251 | 4,165,544 |
| 1965 | 12,294,732 | 4,049,695 |
| 1964 | 12,127,120 | 3,935,814 |
| 1963 | 11,965,966 | 3,823,873 |
| 1962 | 11,805,689 | 3,714,520 |
| 1961 | 11,638,712 | 3,608,162 |
| 1960 | 11,486,631 | 3,505,050 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/netherlands/niger | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of the Netherlands increased by 684,213 people (a 4.19% growth), while Niger gained 6,417,172 people (a 45% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, the Netherlands gained 1,222,309 people (a 7.18% growth), while Niger's population increased by 8,395,145 people (a 40.6% growth).
The Netherlands was ranked 61st most populous country in 2006 and is 72nd in 2026. Niger was ranked 64th in 2006 and ranked 53rd now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) the Netherlands' population will grow by 2.94% to 18,789,481 people with a rank change from 72nd to 77th. The population of Niger will increase by 81.8% to 52,858,275 people and rank change from 53rd to 38th.
The Netherlands is projected to reach its peak in 2042 at 18.9M people compared to the peak of 92.1M people in 2100 for Niger.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Netherlands
|
Niger
|
|
| 2100 | -0.19% | 0.39% |
| 2099 | -0.19% | 0.41% |
| 2098 | -0.2% | 0.44% |
| 2097 | -0.2% | 0.46% |
| 2096 | -0.21% | 0.49% |
| 2095 | -0.22% | 0.51% |
| 2094 | -0.23% | 0.54% |
| 2093 | -0.22% | 0.56% |
| 2092 | -0.22% | 0.59% |
| 2091 | -0.24% | 0.61% |
| 2090 | -0.22% | 0.64% |
| 2089 | -0.22% | 0.67% |
| 2088 | -0.2% | 0.69% |
| 2087 | -0.22% | 0.72% |
| 2086 | -0.2% | 0.75% |
| 2085 | -0.2% | 0.78% |
| 2084 | -0.2% | 0.82% |
| 2083 | -0.2% | 0.85% |
| 2082 | -0.19% | 0.87% |
| 2081 | -0.17% | 0.91% |
| 2080 | -0.17% | 0.93% |
| 2079 | -0.16% | 0.97% |
| 2078 | -0.16% | 1% |
| 2077 | -0.14% | 1.03% |
| 2076 | -0.11% | 1.06% |
| 2075 | -0.1% | 1.09% |
| 2074 | -0.1% | 1.13% |
| 2073 | -0.09% | 1.16% |
| 2072 | -0.08% | 1.2% |
| 2071 | -0.08% | 1.23% |
| 2070 | -0.08% | 1.27% |
| 2069 | -0.08% | 1.3% |
| 2068 | -0.08% | 1.34% |
| 2067 | -0.1% | 1.38% |
| 2066 | -0.11% | 1.41% |
| 2065 | -0.12% | 1.45% |
| 2064 | -0.13% | 1.48% |
| 2063 | -0.13% | 1.52% |
| 2062 | -0.15% | 1.56% |
| 2061 | -0.15% | 1.6% |
| 2060 | -0.15% | 1.64% |
| 2059 | -0.16% | 1.68% |
| 2058 | -0.16% | 1.72% |
| 2057 | -0.16% | 1.75% |
| 2056 | -0.15% | 1.79% |
| 2055 | -0.14% | 1.83% |
| 2054 | -0.14% | 1.87% |
| 2053 | -0.13% | 1.91% |
| 2052 | -0.14% | 1.95% |
| 2051 | -0.11% | 1.98% |
| 2050 | -0.11% | 2.02% |
| 2049 | -0.09% | 2.06% |
| 2048 | -0.09% | 2.1% |
| 2047 | -0.06% | 2.14% |
| 2046 | -0.06% | 2.18% |
| 2045 | -0.05% | 2.22% |
| 2044 | -0.03% | 2.26% |
| 2043 | -0.02% | 2.3% |
| 2042 | 0.003% | 2.35% |
| 2041 | 0.03% | 2.39% |
| 2040 | 0.05% | 2.44% |
| 2039 | 0.08% | 2.5% |
| 2038 | 0.1% | 2.55% |
| 2037 | 0.13% | 2.61% |
| 2036 | 0.15% | 2.67% |
| 2035 | 0.18% | 2.72% |
| 2034 | 0.22% | 2.79% |
| 2033 | 0.25% | 2.84% |
| 2032 | 0.28% | 2.89% |
| 2031 | 0.32% | 2.96% |
| 2030 | 0.37% | 3.01% |
| 2029 | 0.42% | 3.07% |
| 2028 | 0.46% | 3.12% |
| 2027 | 0.51% | 3.18% |
| 2026 | 0.6% | 3.24% |
| 2025 | 0.7% | 3.31% |
| 2024 | 0.65% | 3.34% |
| 2023 | 1% | 3.35% |
| 2022 | 0.96% | 3.31% |
| 2021 | 0.52% | 3.31% |
| 2020 | 0.56% | 3.35% |
| 2019 | 0.66% | 3.42% |
| 2018 | 0.59% | 3.51% |
| 2017 | 0.59% | 3.62% |
| 2016 | 0.53% | 3.74% |
| 2015 | 0.44% | 3.77% |
| 2014 | 0.36% | 3.76% |
| 2013 | 0.3% | 3.83% |
| 2012 | 0.37% | 3.85% |
| 2011 | 0.47% | 3.79% |
| 2010 | 0.51% | 3.8% |
| 2009 | 0.52% | 3.79% |
| 2008 | 0.39% | 3.77% |
| 2007 | 0.22% | 3.75% |
| 2006 | 0.16% | 3.72% |
| 2005 | 0.23% | 3.7% |
| 2004 | 0.35% | 3.66% |
| 2003 | 0.47% | 3.63% |
| 2002 | 0.64% | 3.59% |
| 2001 | 0.76% | 3.57% |
| 2000 | 0.72% | 3.53% |
| 1999 | 0.67% | 3.5% |
| 1998 | 0.62% | 3.44% |
| 1997 | 0.52% | 3.38% |
| 1996 | 0.46% | 3.4% |
| 1995 | 0.5% | 3.37% |
| 1994 | 0.6% | 3.27% |
| 1993 | 0.7% | 3.21% |
| 1992 | 0.76% | 3.17% |
| 1991 | 0.79% | 3.15% |
| 1990 | 0.69% | 3.13% |
| 1989 | 0.6% | 3.09% |
| 1988 | 0.65% | 3.08% |
| 1987 | 0.64% | 3.07% |
| 1986 | 0.56% | 3.05% |
| 1985 | 0.47% | 3.02% |
| 1984 | 0.4% | 3% |
| 1983 | 0.38% | 3.01% |
| 1982 | 0.46% | 3.02% |
| 1981 | 0.69% | 3.03% |
| 1980 | 0.79% | 3.03% |
| 1979 | 0.69% | 2.99% |
| 1978 | 0.62% | 2.9% |
| 1977 | 0.6% | 2.83% |
| 1976 | 0.79% | 2.78% |
| 1975 | 0.9% | 2.75% |
| 1974 | 0.79% | 2.72% |
| 1973 | 0.83% | 2.71% |
| 1972 | 1.02% | 2.69% |
| 1971 | 1.2% | 2.71% |
| 1970 | 1.25% | 2.75% |
| 1969 | 1.16% | 2.77% |
| 1968 | 1.04% | 2.8% |
| 1967 | 1.14% | 2.83% |
| 1966 | 1.31% | 2.86% |
| 1965 | 1.38% | 2.89% |
| 1964 | 1.35% | 2.93% |
| 1963 | 1.36% | 2.94% |
| 1962 | 1.43% | 2.95% |
| 1961 | 1.32% | 2.94% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/netherlands/niger | CC BY
In 2024, the population of the Netherlands grew by 0.65%, while Niger's population grew by 3.34%.
Live population counters
|
Netherlands
|
Niger
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
18252623
|
29080898
|
| Population rank | 72/197 | 53/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.22% | 0.35% |
| One net population change |
4.52 minutes
|
36.1 seconds
|
| One birth every |
3.2 minutes
|
28.8 seconds
|
| One death every |
3.09 minutes
|
2.27 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +319 | +2,391 |
| Annual growth/decline | +116,368 | +872,545 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.65% | +3.34% |
| Population growth rate rank | 121/197 | 10/197 |
| One migration net change every |
5.03 minutes
|
1.14 hours
|
| Annual migration change | +104,681 | -7,704 |
| Net migration rank | 16/196 | 126/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 2,956,518 | 449,236 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 23/195 | 85/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 16.2% | 1.7% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 40/195 | 140/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Netherlands
|
Niger
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 104,681 | - | -7,704 |
| 2024 | - | 121,628 | - | -4,041 |
| 2023 | -5,363 | 144,558 | 864,139 | 995 |
| 2022 | -1,770 | 224,472 | 829,651 | 995 |
| 2021 | 7,014 | 106,416 | 793,428 | -4,405 |
| 2020 | 0 | 67,598 | 784,437 | -4,402 |
| 2019 | 17,345 | 109,003 | 775,474 | -15,778 |
| 2018 | 15,508 | 87,197 | 763,536 | -3,830 |
| 2017 | 18,844 | 86,332 | 752,384 | -6,830 |
| 2016 | 23,843 | 88,743 | 738,999 | 14,833 |
| 2015 | 23,716 | 55,585 | 721,630 | 17,051 |
| 2014 | 35,417 | 36,591 | 704,609 | 3,891 |
| 2013 | 30,248 | 19,973 | 686,070 | -2,543 |
| 2012 | 35,186 | 14,861 | 664,009 | 18,714 |
| 2011 | 45,072 | 31,224 | 645,175 | -6,941 |
| 2010 | 48,184 | 33,703 | 624,685 | -8,033 |
| 2009 | 51,244 | 39,832 | 602,671 | -9,014 |
| 2008 | 49,337 | 32,406 | 579,727 | -9,847 |
| 2007 | 49,145 | -304 | 556,808 | -10,069 |
| 2006 | 49,038 | -25,401 | 533,374 | -10,054 |
| 2005 | 50,592 | -22,496 | 511,167 | -9,700 |
| 2004 | 56,987 | -9,230 | 488,328 | -9,070 |
| 2003 | 58,411 | 7,937 | 467,295 | -8,841 |
| 2002 | 59,751 | 28,824 | 446,767 | -9,550 |
| 2001 | 62,580 | 56,096 | 428,417 | -8,654 |
| 2000 | 66,887 | 59,308 | 410,779 | -8,522 |
| 1999 | 60,086 | 47,179 | 394,212 | -12,037 |
| 1998 | 61,258 | 52,058 | 377,120 | -7,298 |
| 1997 | 56,198 | 31,302 | 358,745 | -13,680 |
| 1996 | 51,251 | 21,792 | 341,223 | -8,057 |
| 1995 | 54,106 | 15,056 | 323,630 | 3,843 |
| 1994 | 61,532 | 20,193 | 306,026 | -959 |
| 1993 | 58,103 | 44,514 | 292,135 | -2,269 |
| 1992 | 66,811 | 50,148 | 278,690 | -2,258 |
| 1991 | 69,321 | 51,670 | 266,527 | -1,500 |
| 1990 | 68,777 | 53,564 | 256,594 | 73 |
| 1989 | 59,396 | 31,165 | 245,278 | 613 |
| 1988 | 61,993 | 31,026 | 237,296 | -1,139 |
| 1987 | 64,526 | 39,559 | 231,371 | -2,338 |
| 1986 | 59,746 | 30,380 | 224,365 | -2,728 |
| 1985 | 55,069 | 27,356 | 219,206 | -6,126 |
| 1984 | 54,812 | 12,902 | 213,111 | -9,208 |
| 1983 | 51,722 | 11,007 | 207,962 | -9,209 |
| 1982 | 54,388 | 7,644 | 202,012 | -8,935 |
| 1981 | 62,688 | 17,643 | 195,938 | -7,559 |
| 1980 | 66,504 | 54,010 | 189,251 | -5,564 |
| 1979 | 63,172 | 42,772 | 180,632 | -3,495 |
| 1978 | 61,344 | 26,639 | 171,614 | -3,494 |
| 1977 | 63,739 | 19,809 | 161,792 | -3,476 |
| 1976 | 63,361 | 18,774 | 154,489 | -3,308 |
| 1975 | 64,232 | 68,569 | 147,962 | -3,254 |
| 1974 | 75,853 | 31,645 | 142,606 | -3,179 |
| 1973 | 84,668 | 18,705 | 137,695 | -2,942 |
| 1972 | 101,297 | 17,470 | 133,813 | -2,525 |
| 1971 | 116,112 | 32,756 | 128,223 | -2,277 |
| 1970 | 129,082 | 32,438 | 128,184 | -2,225 |
| 1969 | 139,082 | 21,850 | 125,389 | -2,245 |
| 1968 | 132,389 | 7,243 | 123,301 | -2,277 |
| 1967 | 138,580 | -10,673 | 121,358 | -2,289 |
| 1966 | 138,265 | 20,740 | 119,314 | -2,289 |
| 1965 | 146,308 | 19,444 | 116,963 | -2,289 |
| 1964 | 157,653 | 15,014 | 115,386 | -2,289 |
| 1963 | 154,361 | -21 | 113,072 | -2,289 |
| 1962 | 153,474 | 18,024 | 110,280 | -2,369 |
| 1961 | 159,450 | 8,258 | 107,693 | -2,893 |
| 1960 | 151,623 | -13,235 | 105,081 | -3,641 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/netherlands/niger | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 11.8% of the population change in the Netherlands is from natural causes (a gain of 134,554 people) and 88.2% is from migration (a gain of 1,006,495 people). In Niger 100% is from natural causes (a gain of 7,728,287 people) and 0.03% is from migration (a gain of 2,520 people).
As of 2024, 2,956,518 residents or 16.2% of the population were not native-born in the Netherlands, compared to 449,236 people or 1.7% in Niger.
Biggest cities by population
|
Netherlands
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Amsterdam | 921K |
| Rotterdam | 664K |
| The Hague | 548K |
| Utrecht | 359K |
| Eindhoven | 244K |
| Groningen | 238K |
| Tilburg | 228K |
| Almere | 215K |
| Breda | 188K |
| Nijmegen | 177K |
|
Niger
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Niamey | 1.5M |
| Maradi | 267K |
| Zinder | 236K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between the Netherlands and Niger
|
Netherlands
|
Niger
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 82.6 years | 61.9 years |
| Average age | 42.5 years | 21.2 years |
| Median age | 42.4 years | 16.5 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.7:50.3 | 50.8:49.2 |
| Fertility rate | 1.43 births per woman | 6.06 births per woman |
| Population density | 1,402 ppl/mi² | 59 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/netherlands/niger | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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