The latest officially reported population of the Gambia was 2,759,988 in 2024 vs 51,751,065 people in South Korea in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Gambia's population is 2,902,554 people compared to 51,649,918 in South Korea.
Population statistics:
- South Korea's population is 17.8 times bigger than the Gambia's.
- The Gambia is ranked the 138th most populous country in the world, while South Korea is the 31st.
- The countries together account for 0.66% of the world: 0.04% for the Gambia vs 0.62% for South Korea.
- For the last 10 years, the Gambia has had an average growth rate of +2.5% per year vs +0.24% in South Korea.
- Since 2006, the population of the Gambia has increased from 1.72M people to 2.9M (69.2% growth), while South Korea has grown from 48.4M to 51.6M (6.63% growth).
Gambia vs South Korea: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Gambia
|
South Korea
|
|
| 2100 | 5,767,668 | 22,012,503 |
| 2099 | 5,765,660 | 22,335,528 |
| 2098 | 5,762,971 | 22,668,719 |
| 2097 | 5,759,632 | 23,009,661 |
| 2096 | 5,755,430 | 23,360,151 |
| 2095 | 5,750,385 | 23,722,747 |
| 2094 | 5,744,540 | 24,093,391 |
| 2093 | 5,737,026 | 24,473,038 |
| 2092 | 5,728,594 | 24,860,975 |
| 2091 | 5,719,408 | 25,255,379 |
| 2090 | 5,708,875 | 25,655,577 |
| 2089 | 5,697,140 | 26,060,945 |
| 2088 | 5,684,094 | 26,470,073 |
| 2087 | 5,669,958 | 26,884,813 |
| 2086 | 5,655,091 | 27,301,913 |
| 2085 | 5,638,646 | 27,723,736 |
| 2084 | 5,621,067 | 28,147,480 |
| 2083 | 5,602,456 | 28,578,182 |
| 2082 | 5,582,581 | 29,012,953 |
| 2081 | 5,561,294 | 29,456,022 |
| 2080 | 5,538,819 | 29,901,880 |
| 2079 | 5,515,086 | 30,352,062 |
| 2078 | 5,489,750 | 30,809,176 |
| 2077 | 5,463,305 | 31,273,700 |
| 2076 | 5,435,859 | 31,744,480 |
| 2075 | 5,406,946 | 32,221,226 |
| 2074 | 5,376,718 | 32,706,020 |
| 2073 | 5,345,328 | 33,196,556 |
| 2072 | 5,313,201 | 33,696,490 |
| 2071 | 5,279,975 | 34,203,935 |
| 2070 | 5,245,200 | 34,719,324 |
| 2069 | 5,209,379 | 35,241,850 |
| 2068 | 5,172,146 | 35,762,799 |
| 2067 | 5,134,037 | 36,292,307 |
| 2066 | 5,094,458 | 36,826,655 |
| 2065 | 5,053,246 | 37,368,086 |
| 2064 | 5,011,122 | 37,916,439 |
| 2063 | 4,968,038 | 38,469,051 |
| 2062 | 4,923,683 | 39,028,473 |
| 2061 | 4,877,966 | 39,584,621 |
| 2060 | 4,831,631 | 40,149,830 |
| 2059 | 4,784,535 | 40,712,514 |
| 2058 | 4,736,846 | 41,277,134 |
| 2057 | 4,688,039 | 41,833,887 |
| 2056 | 4,638,482 | 42,377,427 |
| 2055 | 4,588,184 | 42,909,302 |
| 2054 | 4,536,562 | 43,427,254 |
| 2053 | 4,484,692 | 43,938,741 |
| 2052 | 4,431,827 | 44,441,106 |
| 2051 | 4,378,133 | 44,923,604 |
| 2050 | 4,323,657 | 45,385,311 |
| 2049 | 4,268,536 | 45,832,153 |
| 2048 | 4,212,677 | 46,258,529 |
| 2047 | 4,155,975 | 46,668,898 |
| 2046 | 4,098,930 | 47,056,404 |
| 2045 | 4,041,218 | 47,433,205 |
| 2044 | 3,982,976 | 47,797,411 |
| 2043 | 3,924,126 | 48,144,730 |
| 2042 | 3,864,662 | 48,478,991 |
| 2041 | 3,805,317 | 48,806,273 |
| 2040 | 3,745,312 | 49,115,658 |
| 2039 | 3,685,048 | 49,412,830 |
| 2038 | 3,624,271 | 49,694,340 |
| 2037 | 3,563,745 | 49,957,504 |
| 2036 | 3,502,991 | 50,200,702 |
| 2035 | 3,442,074 | 50,426,000 |
| 2034 | 3,381,008 | 50,632,962 |
| 2033 | 3,319,646 | 50,821,090 |
| 2032 | 3,258,080 | 50,987,020 |
| 2031 | 3,196,605 | 51,134,940 |
| 2030 | 3,134,968 | 51,267,908 |
| 2029 | 3,072,981 | 51,385,868 |
| 2028 | 3,010,624 | 51,486,791 |
| 2027 | 2,948,246 | 51,576,746 |
| 2026 | 2,885,613 | 51,649,918 |
| 2025 | 2,822,861 | 51,710,062 |
| 2024 | 2,759,988 | 51,751,065 |
| 2023 | 2,697,845 | 51,712,619 |
| 2022 | 2,636,470 | 51,672,569 |
| 2021 | 2,576,010 | 51,769,539 |
| 2020 | 2,515,733 | 51,836,239 |
| 2019 | 2,456,844 | 51,764,822 |
| 2018 | 2,399,632 | 51,585,058 |
| 2017 | 2,342,189 | 51,361,911 |
| 2016 | 2,283,769 | 51,217,803 |
| 2015 | 2,224,529 | 51,014,947 |
| 2014 | 2,164,528 | 50,746,659 |
| 2013 | 2,103,820 | 50,428,893 |
| 2012 | 2,043,094 | 50,199,853 |
| 2011 | 1,983,784 | 49,936,638 |
| 2010 | 1,926,630 | 49,554,112 |
| 2009 | 1,871,422 | 49,307,835 |
| 2008 | 1,817,852 | 49,054,708 |
| 2007 | 1,765,774 | 48,683,638 |
| 2006 | 1,715,275 | 48,438,292 |
| 2005 | 1,667,037 | 48,184,561 |
| 2004 | 1,621,312 | 48,082,519 |
| 2003 | 1,577,611 | 47,892,330 |
| 2002 | 1,535,691 | 47,644,736 |
| 2001 | 1,495,011 | 47,370,164 |
| 2000 | 1,455,084 | 47,008,111 |
| 1999 | 1,415,779 | 46,616,677 |
| 1998 | 1,376,987 | 46,286,503 |
| 1997 | 1,338,889 | 45,953,580 |
| 1996 | 1,301,410 | 45,524,681 |
| 1995 | 1,264,313 | 45,092,991 |
| 1994 | 1,227,226 | 44,641,540 |
| 1993 | 1,188,365 | 44,194,628 |
| 1992 | 1,145,582 | 43,747,962 |
| 1991 | 1,099,959 | 43,295,704 |
| 1990 | 1,054,696 | 42,869,283 |
| 1989 | 1,011,357 | 42,449,038 |
| 1988 | 970,160 | 42,031,247 |
| 1987 | 931,091 | 41,621,690 |
| 1986 | 894,019 | 41,213,674 |
| 1985 | 858,874 | 40,805,744 |
| 1984 | 825,631 | 40,405,956 |
| 1983 | 794,525 | 39,910,403 |
| 1982 | 765,753 | 39,326,352 |
| 1981 | 739,125 | 38,723,248 |
| 1980 | 713,913 | 38,123,775 |
| 1979 | 689,781 | 37,534,236 |
| 1978 | 667,103 | 36,969,185 |
| 1977 | 645,770 | 36,411,795 |
| 1976 | 625,667 | 35,848,523 |
| 1975 | 606,821 | 35,280,725 |
| 1974 | 589,085 | 34,692,266 |
| 1973 | 571,991 | 34,103,149 |
| 1972 | 555,370 | 33,505,406 |
| 1971 | 539,388 | 32,882,704 |
| 1970 | 524,105 | 32,240,827 |
| 1969 | 509,440 | 31,544,266 |
| 1968 | 495,269 | 30,838,302 |
| 1967 | 481,588 | 30,130,983 |
| 1966 | 468,516 | 29,435,571 |
| 1965 | 455,952 | 28,704,674 |
| 1964 | 443,687 | 27,984,155 |
| 1963 | 431,757 | 27,261,747 |
| 1962 | 420,163 | 26,513,030 |
| 1961 | 408,930 | 25,765,673 |
| 1960 | 398,060 | 25,012,374 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/gambia/south-korea | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of the Gambia increased by 568,494 people (a 33.1% growth), while South Korea gained 2,779,511 people (a 5.74% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, the Gambia gained 618,785 people (a 27.1% growth), while South Korea's population increased by 432,115 people (a 0.84% growth).
The Gambia was ranked 146th most populous country in 2006 and is 138th in 2026. South Korea was ranked 25th in 2006 and ranked 31st now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) the Gambia's population will grow by 49% to 4,323,657 people with a rank change from 138th to 132nd. The population of South Korea will decrease by 12.1% to 45,385,311 people and rank change from 31st to 48th.
The Gambia is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 5.77M people, while South Korea's population already peaked in 2020 at 51.8M people and is projected to decrease to 22M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Gambia
|
South Korea
|
|
| 2100 | 0.03% | -1.45% |
| 2099 | 0.05% | -1.47% |
| 2098 | 0.06% | -1.48% |
| 2097 | 0.07% | -1.5% |
| 2096 | 0.09% | -1.53% |
| 2095 | 0.1% | -1.54% |
| 2094 | 0.13% | -1.55% |
| 2093 | 0.15% | -1.56% |
| 2092 | 0.16% | -1.56% |
| 2091 | 0.18% | -1.56% |
| 2090 | 0.21% | -1.56% |
| 2089 | 0.23% | -1.55% |
| 2088 | 0.25% | -1.54% |
| 2087 | 0.26% | -1.53% |
| 2086 | 0.29% | -1.52% |
| 2085 | 0.31% | -1.51% |
| 2084 | 0.33% | -1.51% |
| 2083 | 0.36% | -1.5% |
| 2082 | 0.38% | -1.5% |
| 2081 | 0.41% | -1.49% |
| 2080 | 0.43% | -1.48% |
| 2079 | 0.46% | -1.48% |
| 2078 | 0.48% | -1.49% |
| 2077 | 0.5% | -1.48% |
| 2076 | 0.53% | -1.48% |
| 2075 | 0.56% | -1.48% |
| 2074 | 0.59% | -1.48% |
| 2073 | 0.6% | -1.48% |
| 2072 | 0.63% | -1.48% |
| 2071 | 0.66% | -1.48% |
| 2070 | 0.69% | -1.48% |
| 2069 | 0.72% | -1.46% |
| 2068 | 0.74% | -1.46% |
| 2067 | 0.78% | -1.45% |
| 2066 | 0.82% | -1.45% |
| 2065 | 0.84% | -1.45% |
| 2064 | 0.87% | -1.44% |
| 2063 | 0.9% | -1.43% |
| 2062 | 0.94% | -1.4% |
| 2061 | 0.96% | -1.41% |
| 2060 | 0.98% | -1.38% |
| 2059 | 1.01% | -1.37% |
| 2058 | 1.04% | -1.33% |
| 2057 | 1.07% | -1.28% |
| 2056 | 1.1% | -1.24% |
| 2055 | 1.14% | -1.19% |
| 2054 | 1.16% | -1.16% |
| 2053 | 1.19% | -1.13% |
| 2052 | 1.23% | -1.07% |
| 2051 | 1.26% | -1.02% |
| 2050 | 1.29% | -0.97% |
| 2049 | 1.33% | -0.92% |
| 2048 | 1.36% | -0.88% |
| 2047 | 1.39% | -0.82% |
| 2046 | 1.43% | -0.79% |
| 2045 | 1.46% | -0.76% |
| 2044 | 1.5% | -0.72% |
| 2043 | 1.54% | -0.69% |
| 2042 | 1.56% | -0.67% |
| 2041 | 1.6% | -0.63% |
| 2040 | 1.64% | -0.6% |
| 2039 | 1.68% | -0.57% |
| 2038 | 1.7% | -0.53% |
| 2037 | 1.73% | -0.48% |
| 2036 | 1.77% | -0.45% |
| 2035 | 1.81% | -0.41% |
| 2034 | 1.85% | -0.37% |
| 2033 | 1.89% | -0.33% |
| 2032 | 1.92% | -0.29% |
| 2031 | 1.97% | -0.26% |
| 2030 | 2.02% | -0.23% |
| 2029 | 2.07% | -0.2% |
| 2028 | 2.12% | -0.17% |
| 2027 | 2.17% | -0.14% |
| 2026 | 2.22% | -0.12% |
| 2025 | 2.28% | -0.08% |
| 2024 | 2.3% | 0.07% |
| 2023 | 2.33% | 0.08% |
| 2022 | 2.35% | -0.19% |
| 2021 | 2.4% | -0.13% |
| 2020 | 2.4% | 0.14% |
| 2019 | 2.38% | 0.35% |
| 2018 | 2.45% | 0.43% |
| 2017 | 2.56% | 0.28% |
| 2016 | 2.66% | 0.4% |
| 2015 | 2.77% | 0.53% |
| 2014 | 2.89% | 0.63% |
| 2013 | 2.97% | 0.46% |
| 2012 | 2.99% | 0.53% |
| 2011 | 2.97% | 0.77% |
| 2010 | 2.95% | 0.5% |
| 2009 | 2.95% | 0.52% |
| 2008 | 2.95% | 0.76% |
| 2007 | 2.94% | 0.51% |
| 2006 | 2.89% | 0.53% |
| 2005 | 2.82% | 0.21% |
| 2004 | 2.77% | 0.4% |
| 2003 | 2.73% | 0.52% |
| 2002 | 2.72% | 0.58% |
| 2001 | 2.74% | 0.77% |
| 2000 | 2.78% | 0.84% |
| 1999 | 2.82% | 0.71% |
| 1998 | 2.85% | 0.72% |
| 1997 | 2.88% | 0.94% |
| 1996 | 2.93% | 0.96% |
| 1995 | 3.02% | 1.01% |
| 1994 | 3.27% | 1.01% |
| 1993 | 3.73% | 1.02% |
| 1992 | 4.15% | 1.04% |
| 1991 | 4.29% | 0.99% |
| 1990 | 4.29% | 0.99% |
| 1989 | 4.25% | 0.99% |
| 1988 | 4.2% | 0.98% |
| 1987 | 4.15% | 0.99% |
| 1986 | 4.09% | 1% |
| 1985 | 4.03% | 0.99% |
| 1984 | 3.92% | 1.24% |
| 1983 | 3.76% | 1.49% |
| 1982 | 3.6% | 1.56% |
| 1981 | 3.53% | 1.57% |
| 1980 | 3.5% | 1.57% |
| 1979 | 3.4% | 1.53% |
| 1978 | 3.3% | 1.53% |
| 1977 | 3.21% | 1.57% |
| 1976 | 3.11% | 1.61% |
| 1975 | 3.01% | 1.7% |
| 1974 | 2.99% | 1.73% |
| 1973 | 2.99% | 1.78% |
| 1972 | 2.96% | 1.89% |
| 1971 | 2.92% | 1.99% |
| 1970 | 2.88% | 2.21% |
| 1969 | 2.86% | 2.29% |
| 1968 | 2.84% | 2.35% |
| 1967 | 2.79% | 2.36% |
| 1966 | 2.76% | 2.55% |
| 1965 | 2.76% | 2.57% |
| 1964 | 2.76% | 2.65% |
| 1963 | 2.76% | 2.82% |
| 1962 | 2.75% | 2.9% |
| 1961 | 2.73% | 3.01% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/gambia/south-korea | CC BY
In 2024, the population of the Gambia grew by 2.3%, while South Korea's population grew by 0.07%.
Live population counters
|
Gambia
|
South Korea
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
2902554
|
51649918
|
| Population rank | 138/197 | 31/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.04% | 0.62% |
| One net population change |
8.46 minutes
|
13.7 minutes
|
| One birth every |
6.4 minutes
|
2.26 minutes
|
| One death every |
31 minutes
|
1.69 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +170 | +105 |
| Annual growth/decline | +62,143 | +38,446 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.3% | +0.07% |
| Population growth rate rank | 37/197 | 160/197 |
| One migration net change every |
2.94 hours
|
8.02 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -2,984 | +65,731 |
| Net migration rank | 107/196 | 20/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 236,137 | 1,811,507 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 107/195 | 40/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 8.6% | 3.5% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 72/195 | 111/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gambia
|
South Korea
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -2,984 | - | 65,731 |
| 2024 | - | -2,989 | - | 75,963 |
| 2023 | 65,118 | -3,000 | -77,569 | 87,800 |
| 2022 | 63,634 | -3,000 | -124,014 | 87,800 |
| 2021 | 62,239 | -1,949 | -56,947 | -16,778 |
| 2020 | 62,209 | -1,949 | -31,101 | 112,631 |
| 2019 | 61,701 | -4,186 | 10,353 | 128,622 |
| 2018 | 60,854 | -3,944 | 30,951 | 118,220 |
| 2017 | 61,665 | -3,696 | 71,907 | 104,029 |
| 2016 | 62,358 | -3,486 | 122,923 | 91,568 |
| 2015 | 62,832 | -3,224 | 163,248 | 276,427 |
| 2014 | 63,185 | -2,793 | 167,464 | 308,037 |
| 2013 | 63,510 | -2,476 | 166,415 | 301,926 |
| 2012 | 62,745 | -2,332 | 215,859 | 281,866 |
| 2011 | 60,571 | -2,360 | 214,728 | 269,958 |
| 2010 | 58,554 | -2,456 | 213,083 | 52,042 |
| 2009 | 56,575 | -2,259 | 197,231 | 5,308 |
| 2008 | 55,032 | -2,204 | 215,841 | -19,630 |
| 2007 | 53,653 | -2,320 | 248,286 | -42,293 |
| 2006 | 52,335 | -2,666 | 203,441 | -28,434 |
| 2005 | 50,010 | -3,209 | 187,920 | -47,821 |
| 2004 | 48,276 | -3,636 | 225,988 | -42,549 |
| 2003 | 46,473 | -3,713 | 244,251 | -31,994 |
| 2002 | 45,156 | -4,067 | 247,752 | -18,105 |
| 2001 | 44,154 | -3,882 | 312,643 | -28,006 |
| 2000 | 43,249 | -3,670 | 390,167 | -84,960 |
| 1999 | 42,533 | -3,493 | 368,272 | -107,448 |
| 1998 | 41,842 | -3,291 | 393,436 | -98,044 |
| 1997 | 40,742 | -3,098 | 422,773 | -109,130 |
| 1996 | 40,253 | -2,948 | 446,142 | -115,705 |
| 1995 | 39,681 | -2,797 | 468,967 | -208,491 |
| 1994 | 38,880 | -1,586 | 473,200 | -208,309 |
| 1993 | 37,302 | 3,131 | 477,302 | -222,802 |
| 1992 | 35,951 | 9,182 | 494,352 | -265,849 |
| 1991 | 34,584 | 11,530 | 467,594 | -270,754 |
| 1990 | 33,163 | 11,242 | 411,546 | 79,294 |
| 1989 | 31,504 | 10,765 | 403,266 | 186,120 |
| 1988 | 29,938 | 10,187 | 399,297 | 192,534 |
| 1987 | 28,452 | 9,563 | 378,758 | 198,057 |
| 1986 | 27,195 | 8,934 | 395,651 | 189,782 |
| 1985 | 25,795 | 8,373 | 416,219 | 97,949 |
| 1984 | 24,586 | 7,733 | 436,384 | 101,394 |
| 1983 | 23,175 | 6,713 | 514,844 | 102,167 |
| 1982 | 21,894 | 5,757 | 605,626 | 48,638 |
| 1981 | 20,156 | 5,438 | 631,189 | 18,442 |
| 1980 | 19,566 | 5,268 | 583,294 | -148,341 |
| 1979 | 18,543 | 4,898 | 623,068 | -139,566 |
| 1978 | 17,424 | 4,493 | 499,084 | -85,721 |
| 1977 | 16,773 | 3,969 | 578,947 | -90,737 |
| 1976 | 16,032 | 3,436 | 530,558 | -92,314 |
| 1975 | 15,256 | 2,979 | 603,300 | -52,332 |
| 1974 | 14,628 | 2,610 | 673,030 | 27,005 |
| 1973 | 14,046 | 2,907 | 699,115 | 35,779 |
| 1972 | 13,432 | 2,861 | 740,469 | 25,382 |
| 1971 | 12,842 | 2,817 | 789,185 | -6,326 |
| 1970 | 12,128 | 2,777 | 747,987 | -27,999 |
| 1969 | 11,670 | 2,757 | 694,227 | -21,175 |
| 1968 | 11,215 | 2,705 | 684,487 | -16,868 |
| 1967 | 10,823 | 2,617 | 692,169 | -16,484 |
| 1966 | 10,422 | 2,272 | 623,534 | -16,688 |
| 1965 | 10,162 | 2,272 | 641,090 | -146,386 |
| 1964 | 9,825 | 2,272 | 655,501 | -102,284 |
| 1963 | 9,493 | 2,272 | 685,824 | -80,226 |
| 1962 | 9,150 | 2,272 | 712,590 | -94,606 |
| 1961 | 8,778 | 2,272 | 730,173 | -93,179 |
| 1960 | 8,420 | 2,272 | 728,010 | 47,245 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/gambia/south-korea | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 95.2% of the population change in the Gambia is from natural causes (a gain of 625,795 people) and 4.75% is from migration (a loss of 31,227 people). In South Korea 17.6% is from natural causes (a gain of 277,215 people) and 82.4% is from migration (a gain of 1,298,356 people).
As of 2024, 236,137 residents or 8.6% of the population were not native-born in the Gambia, compared to 1,811,507 people or 3.5% in South Korea.
Biggest cities by population
|
Gambia
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Brikama | 81K |
| Banjul | 31.4K |
| Lamin | 31.1K |
|
South Korea
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Seoul | 9.67M |
| Busan | 3.45M |
| Incheon | 3.05M |
| Daegu | 2.38M |
| Daejeon | 1.48M |
| Gwangju | 1.41M |
| Suwon | 1.23M |
| Ulsan | 1.13M |
| Yongin | 1.08M |
| Goyang | 1.06M |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between the Gambia and South Korea
|
Gambia
|
South Korea
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 66.5 years | 84.6 years |
| Average age | 23.7 years | 44.8 years |
| Median age | 19.4 years | 46.1 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.8:50.2 | 49.9:50.1 |
| Fertility rate | 4.01 births per woman | 0.72 births per woman |
| Population density | 739 ppl/mi² | 1,371 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/gambia/south-korea | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
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