The latest officially reported population of Kuwait was 4,897,263 in 2024 vs 51,751,065 people in South Korea in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Kuwait's population is 5,100,145 people compared to 51,649,918 in South Korea.
Population statistics:
- South Korea's population is 10.1 times bigger than Kuwait's.
- Kuwait is ranked the 127th most populous country in the world, while South Korea is the 31st.
- The countries together account for 0.68% of the world: 0.06% for Kuwait vs 0.62% for South Korea.
- For the last 10 years, Kuwait has had an average growth rate of +3.1% per year vs +0.24% in South Korea.
- Since 2006, the population of Kuwait has increased from 2.36M people to 5.1M (115.7% growth), while South Korea has grown from 48.4M to 51.6M (6.63% growth).
Kuwait vs South Korea: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 2100 | 9,589,440 | 22,012,503 |
| 2099 | 9,513,152 | 22,335,528 |
| 2098 | 9,437,521 | 22,668,719 |
| 2097 | 9,362,225 | 23,009,661 |
| 2096 | 9,287,200 | 23,360,151 |
| 2095 | 9,212,523 | 23,722,747 |
| 2094 | 9,138,210 | 24,093,391 |
| 2093 | 9,064,241 | 24,473,038 |
| 2092 | 8,990,676 | 24,860,975 |
| 2091 | 8,917,547 | 25,255,379 |
| 2090 | 8,844,888 | 25,655,577 |
| 2089 | 8,772,503 | 26,060,945 |
| 2088 | 8,700,563 | 26,470,073 |
| 2087 | 8,629,117 | 26,884,813 |
| 2086 | 8,558,199 | 27,301,913 |
| 2085 | 8,487,764 | 27,723,736 |
| 2084 | 8,417,828 | 28,147,480 |
| 2083 | 8,348,353 | 28,578,182 |
| 2082 | 8,279,354 | 29,012,953 |
| 2081 | 8,210,772 | 29,456,022 |
| 2080 | 8,142,636 | 29,901,880 |
| 2079 | 8,075,101 | 30,352,062 |
| 2078 | 8,008,036 | 30,809,176 |
| 2077 | 7,941,463 | 31,273,700 |
| 2076 | 7,875,406 | 31,744,480 |
| 2075 | 7,809,930 | 32,221,226 |
| 2074 | 7,745,028 | 32,706,020 |
| 2073 | 7,680,639 | 33,196,556 |
| 2072 | 7,616,806 | 33,696,490 |
| 2071 | 7,553,744 | 34,203,935 |
| 2070 | 7,491,390 | 34,719,324 |
| 2069 | 7,429,571 | 35,241,850 |
| 2068 | 7,368,423 | 35,762,799 |
| 2067 | 7,307,932 | 36,292,307 |
| 2066 | 7,248,116 | 36,826,655 |
| 2065 | 7,188,899 | 37,368,086 |
| 2064 | 7,130,298 | 37,916,439 |
| 2063 | 7,072,099 | 38,469,051 |
| 2062 | 7,014,494 | 39,028,473 |
| 2061 | 6,957,511 | 39,584,621 |
| 2060 | 6,901,153 | 40,149,830 |
| 2059 | 6,845,293 | 40,712,514 |
| 2058 | 6,789,909 | 41,277,134 |
| 2057 | 6,734,955 | 41,833,887 |
| 2056 | 6,680,523 | 42,377,427 |
| 2055 | 6,626,403 | 42,909,302 |
| 2054 | 6,572,580 | 43,427,254 |
| 2053 | 6,518,885 | 43,938,741 |
| 2052 | 6,465,284 | 44,441,106 |
| 2051 | 6,411,692 | 44,923,604 |
| 2050 | 6,358,029 | 45,385,311 |
| 2049 | 6,304,394 | 45,832,153 |
| 2048 | 6,250,650 | 46,258,529 |
| 2047 | 6,196,914 | 46,668,898 |
| 2046 | 6,143,120 | 47,056,404 |
| 2045 | 6,089,197 | 47,433,205 |
| 2044 | 6,035,156 | 47,797,411 |
| 2043 | 5,981,241 | 48,144,730 |
| 2042 | 5,927,307 | 48,478,991 |
| 2041 | 5,873,587 | 48,806,273 |
| 2040 | 5,820,161 | 49,115,658 |
| 2039 | 5,767,029 | 49,412,830 |
| 2038 | 5,714,211 | 49,694,340 |
| 2037 | 5,661,929 | 49,957,504 |
| 2036 | 5,610,194 | 50,200,702 |
| 2035 | 5,559,069 | 50,426,000 |
| 2034 | 5,508,623 | 50,632,962 |
| 2033 | 5,458,935 | 50,821,090 |
| 2032 | 5,410,081 | 50,987,020 |
| 2031 | 5,362,063 | 51,134,940 |
| 2030 | 5,314,935 | 51,267,908 |
| 2029 | 5,265,492 | 51,385,868 |
| 2028 | 5,212,438 | 51,486,791 |
| 2027 | 5,152,065 | 51,576,746 |
| 2026 | 5,080,894 | 51,649,918 |
| 2025 | 4,998,262 | 51,710,062 |
| 2024 | 4,897,263 | 51,751,065 |
| 2023 | 4,853,420 | 51,712,619 |
| 2022 | 4,589,643 | 51,672,569 |
| 2021 | 4,360,865 | 51,769,539 |
| 2020 | 4,400,267 | 51,836,239 |
| 2019 | 4,442,316 | 51,764,822 |
| 2018 | 4,323,515 | 51,585,058 |
| 2017 | 4,154,812 | 51,361,911 |
| 2016 | 4,004,096 | 51,217,803 |
| 2015 | 3,834,574 | 51,014,947 |
| 2014 | 3,665,876 | 50,746,659 |
| 2013 | 3,507,844 | 50,428,893 |
| 2012 | 3,337,109 | 50,199,853 |
| 2011 | 3,132,814 | 49,936,638 |
| 2010 | 2,943,372 | 49,554,112 |
| 2009 | 2,795,484 | 49,307,835 |
| 2008 | 2,651,421 | 49,054,708 |
| 2007 | 2,507,887 | 48,683,638 |
| 2006 | 2,364,733 | 48,438,292 |
| 2005 | 2,236,788 | 48,184,561 |
| 2004 | 2,157,320 | 48,082,519 |
| 2003 | 2,109,881 | 47,892,330 |
| 2002 | 2,059,974 | 47,644,736 |
| 2001 | 2,008,121 | 47,370,164 |
| 2000 | 1,954,709 | 47,008,111 |
| 1999 | 1,900,030 | 46,616,677 |
| 1998 | 1,844,302 | 46,286,503 |
| 1997 | 1,787,683 | 45,953,580 |
| 1996 | 1,730,246 | 45,524,681 |
| 1995 | 1,681,513 | 45,092,991 |
| 1994 | 1,664,361 | 44,641,540 |
| 1993 | 1,672,151 | 44,194,628 |
| 1992 | 1,634,961 | 43,747,962 |
| 1991 | 1,351,399 | 43,295,704 |
| 1990 | 1,684,819 | 42,869,283 |
| 1989 | 2,217,468 | 42,449,038 |
| 1988 | 2,134,707 | 42,031,247 |
| 1987 | 2,052,994 | 41,621,690 |
| 1986 | 1,972,520 | 41,213,674 |
| 1985 | 1,894,242 | 40,805,744 |
| 1984 | 1,820,688 | 40,405,956 |
| 1983 | 1,744,295 | 39,910,403 |
| 1982 | 1,662,480 | 39,326,352 |
| 1981 | 1,583,426 | 38,723,248 |
| 1980 | 1,504,782 | 38,123,775 |
| 1979 | 1,423,514 | 37,534,236 |
| 1978 | 1,340,319 | 36,969,185 |
| 1977 | 1,258,023 | 36,411,795 |
| 1976 | 1,178,711 | 35,848,523 |
| 1975 | 1,104,863 | 35,280,725 |
| 1974 | 1,038,346 | 34,692,266 |
| 1973 | 977,654 | 34,103,149 |
| 1972 | 920,352 | 33,505,406 |
| 1971 | 865,076 | 32,882,704 |
| 1970 | 809,114 | 32,240,827 |
| 1969 | 749,452 | 31,544,266 |
| 1968 | 687,716 | 30,838,302 |
| 1967 | 628,089 | 30,130,983 |
| 1966 | 572,590 | 29,435,571 |
| 1965 | 521,174 | 28,704,674 |
| 1964 | 473,115 | 27,984,155 |
| 1963 | 427,694 | 27,261,747 |
| 1962 | 384,995 | 26,513,030 |
| 1961 | 345,945 | 25,765,673 |
| 1960 | 311,060 | 25,012,374 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/south-korea | CC BY
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Kuwait increased by 1,639,363 people (a 69.3% growth), while South Korea gained 2,779,511 people (a 5.74% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Kuwait gained 1,096,049 people (a 27.4% growth), while South Korea's population increased by 432,115 people (a 0.84% growth).
Kuwait was ranked 139th most populous country in 2006 and is 127th in 2026. South Korea was ranked 25th in 2006 and ranked 31st now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Kuwait's population will grow by 24.7% to 6,358,029 people with a rank change from 127th to 117th. The population of South Korea will decrease by 12.1% to 45,385,311 people and rank change from 31st to 48th.
Kuwait is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 9.59M people, while South Korea's population already peaked in 2020 at 51.8M people and is projected to decrease to 22M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 2100 | 0.8% | -1.45% |
| 2099 | 0.8% | -1.47% |
| 2098 | 0.8% | -1.48% |
| 2097 | 0.81% | -1.5% |
| 2096 | 0.81% | -1.53% |
| 2095 | 0.81% | -1.54% |
| 2094 | 0.82% | -1.55% |
| 2093 | 0.82% | -1.56% |
| 2092 | 0.82% | -1.56% |
| 2091 | 0.82% | -1.56% |
| 2090 | 0.83% | -1.56% |
| 2089 | 0.83% | -1.55% |
| 2088 | 0.83% | -1.54% |
| 2087 | 0.83% | -1.53% |
| 2086 | 0.83% | -1.52% |
| 2085 | 0.83% | -1.51% |
| 2084 | 0.83% | -1.51% |
| 2083 | 0.83% | -1.5% |
| 2082 | 0.84% | -1.5% |
| 2081 | 0.84% | -1.49% |
| 2080 | 0.84% | -1.48% |
| 2079 | 0.84% | -1.48% |
| 2078 | 0.84% | -1.49% |
| 2077 | 0.84% | -1.48% |
| 2076 | 0.84% | -1.48% |
| 2075 | 0.84% | -1.48% |
| 2074 | 0.84% | -1.48% |
| 2073 | 0.84% | -1.48% |
| 2072 | 0.83% | -1.48% |
| 2071 | 0.83% | -1.48% |
| 2070 | 0.83% | -1.48% |
| 2069 | 0.83% | -1.46% |
| 2068 | 0.83% | -1.46% |
| 2067 | 0.83% | -1.45% |
| 2066 | 0.82% | -1.45% |
| 2065 | 0.82% | -1.45% |
| 2064 | 0.82% | -1.44% |
| 2063 | 0.82% | -1.43% |
| 2062 | 0.82% | -1.4% |
| 2061 | 0.82% | -1.41% |
| 2060 | 0.82% | -1.38% |
| 2059 | 0.82% | -1.37% |
| 2058 | 0.82% | -1.33% |
| 2057 | 0.81% | -1.28% |
| 2056 | 0.82% | -1.24% |
| 2055 | 0.82% | -1.19% |
| 2054 | 0.82% | -1.16% |
| 2053 | 0.83% | -1.13% |
| 2052 | 0.84% | -1.07% |
| 2051 | 0.84% | -1.02% |
| 2050 | 0.85% | -0.97% |
| 2049 | 0.86% | -0.92% |
| 2048 | 0.87% | -0.88% |
| 2047 | 0.88% | -0.82% |
| 2046 | 0.89% | -0.79% |
| 2045 | 0.9% | -0.76% |
| 2044 | 0.9% | -0.72% |
| 2043 | 0.91% | -0.69% |
| 2042 | 0.91% | -0.67% |
| 2041 | 0.92% | -0.63% |
| 2040 | 0.92% | -0.6% |
| 2039 | 0.92% | -0.57% |
| 2038 | 0.92% | -0.53% |
| 2037 | 0.92% | -0.48% |
| 2036 | 0.92% | -0.45% |
| 2035 | 0.92% | -0.41% |
| 2034 | 0.91% | -0.37% |
| 2033 | 0.9% | -0.33% |
| 2032 | 0.9% | -0.29% |
| 2031 | 0.89% | -0.26% |
| 2030 | 0.94% | -0.23% |
| 2029 | 1.02% | -0.2% |
| 2028 | 1.17% | -0.17% |
| 2027 | 1.4% | -0.14% |
| 2026 | 1.65% | -0.12% |
| 2025 | 2.06% | -0.08% |
| 2024 | 0.9% | 0.07% |
| 2023 | 5.75% | 0.08% |
| 2022 | 5.25% | -0.19% |
| 2021 | -0.9% | -0.13% |
| 2020 | -0.95% | 0.14% |
| 2019 | 2.75% | 0.35% |
| 2018 | 4.06% | 0.43% |
| 2017 | 3.76% | 0.28% |
| 2016 | 4.42% | 0.4% |
| 2015 | 4.6% | 0.53% |
| 2014 | 4.51% | 0.63% |
| 2013 | 5.12% | 0.46% |
| 2012 | 6.52% | 0.53% |
| 2011 | 6.44% | 0.77% |
| 2010 | 5.29% | 0.5% |
| 2009 | 5.43% | 0.52% |
| 2008 | 5.72% | 0.76% |
| 2007 | 6.05% | 0.51% |
| 2006 | 5.72% | 0.53% |
| 2005 | 3.68% | 0.21% |
| 2004 | 2.25% | 0.4% |
| 2003 | 2.42% | 0.52% |
| 2002 | 2.58% | 0.58% |
| 2001 | 2.73% | 0.77% |
| 2000 | 2.88% | 0.84% |
| 1999 | 3.02% | 0.71% |
| 1998 | 3.17% | 0.72% |
| 1997 | 3.32% | 0.94% |
| 1996 | 2.9% | 0.96% |
| 1995 | 1.03% | 1.01% |
| 1994 | -0.47% | 1.01% |
| 1993 | 2.27% | 1.02% |
| 1992 | 21% | 1.04% |
| 1991 | -19.8% | 0.99% |
| 1990 | -24% | 0.99% |
| 1989 | 3.88% | 0.99% |
| 1988 | 3.98% | 0.98% |
| 1987 | 4.08% | 0.99% |
| 1986 | 4.13% | 1% |
| 1985 | 4.04% | 0.99% |
| 1984 | 4.38% | 1.24% |
| 1983 | 4.92% | 1.49% |
| 1982 | 4.99% | 1.56% |
| 1981 | 5.23% | 1.57% |
| 1980 | 5.71% | 1.57% |
| 1979 | 6.21% | 1.53% |
| 1978 | 6.54% | 1.53% |
| 1977 | 6.73% | 1.57% |
| 1976 | 6.68% | 1.61% |
| 1975 | 6.41% | 1.7% |
| 1974 | 6.21% | 1.73% |
| 1973 | 6.23% | 1.78% |
| 1972 | 6.39% | 1.89% |
| 1971 | 6.92% | 1.99% |
| 1970 | 7.96% | 2.21% |
| 1969 | 8.98% | 2.29% |
| 1968 | 9.49% | 2.35% |
| 1967 | 9.69% | 2.36% |
| 1966 | 9.87% | 2.55% |
| 1965 | 10.2% | 2.57% |
| 1964 | 10.6% | 2.65% |
| 1963 | 11.1% | 2.82% |
| 1962 | 11.3% | 2.9% |
| 1961 | 11.2% | 3.01% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/south-korea | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Kuwait grew by 0.9%, while South Korea's population grew by 0.07%.
Live population counters
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
5100145
|
51649918
|
| Population rank | 127/197 | 31/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.06% | 0.62% |
| One net population change |
12 minutes
|
13.7 minutes
|
| One birth every |
10.5 minutes
|
2.26 minutes
|
| One death every |
1.18 hours
|
1.69 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +120 | +105 |
| Annual growth/decline | +43,843 | +38,446 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.9% | +0.07% |
| Population growth rate rank | 106/197 | 160/197 |
| One migration net change every |
12.3 minutes
|
8.02 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +42,775 | +65,731 |
| Net migration rank | 24/196 | 20/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 3,323,191 | 1,811,507 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 20/195 | 40/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 67.3% | 3.5% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 5/195 | 111/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 42,775 | - | 65,731 |
| 2024 | - | 61,624 | - | 75,963 |
| 2023 | 42,568 | 50,008 | -77,569 | 87,800 |
| 2022 | 41,752 | 368,560 | -124,014 | 87,800 |
| 2021 | 42,057 | 19,678 | -56,947 | -16,778 |
| 2020 | 41,083 | -168,379 | -31,101 | 112,631 |
| 2019 | 46,268 | 181 | 10,353 | 128,622 |
| 2018 | 47,222 | 145,973 | 30,951 | 118,220 |
| 2017 | 51,498 | 92,717 | 71,907 | 104,029 |
| 2016 | 51,397 | 105,818 | 122,923 | 91,568 |
| 2015 | 52,127 | 129,695 | 163,248 | 276,427 |
| 2014 | 54,673 | 100,891 | 167,464 | 308,037 |
| 2013 | 52,666 | 107,821 | 166,415 | 301,926 |
| 2012 | 53,181 | 127,777 | 215,859 | 281,866 |
| 2011 | 50,733 | 176,732 | 214,728 | 269,958 |
| 2010 | 49,838 | 101,566 | 213,083 | 52,042 |
| 2009 | 48,879 | 95,483 | 197,231 | 5,308 |
| 2008 | 47,505 | 96,268 | 215,841 | -19,630 |
| 2007 | 46,539 | 96,765 | 248,286 | -42,293 |
| 2006 | 45,911 | 97,087 | 203,441 | -28,434 |
| 2005 | 45,243 | 67,638 | 187,920 | -47,821 |
| 2004 | 44,341 | 1,713 | 225,988 | -42,549 |
| 2003 | 42,934 | 5,895 | 244,251 | -31,994 |
| 2002 | 41,651 | 9,335 | 247,752 | -18,105 |
| 2001 | 40,662 | 12,055 | 312,643 | -28,006 |
| 2000 | 39,811 | 14,296 | 390,167 | -84,960 |
| 1999 | 39,342 | 15,912 | 368,272 | -107,448 |
| 1998 | 39,324 | 16,878 | 393,436 | -98,044 |
| 1997 | 39,581 | 17,457 | 422,773 | -109,130 |
| 1996 | 39,920 | 17,914 | 446,142 | -115,705 |
| 1995 | 39,198 | 438 | 468,967 | -208,491 |
| 1994 | 36,533 | -41,862 | 473,200 | -208,309 |
| 1993 | 33,239 | -43,501 | 477,302 | -222,802 |
| 1992 | 32,016 | 52,620 | 494,352 | -265,849 |
| 1991 | 21,867 | 460,628 | 467,594 | -270,754 |
| 1990 | 46,720 | -1,196,050 | 411,546 | 79,294 |
| 1989 | 49,390 | 34,643 | 403,266 | 186,120 |
| 1988 | 50,037 | 31,455 | 399,297 | 192,534 |
| 1987 | 50,690 | 31,243 | 378,758 | 198,057 |
| 1986 | 51,824 | 27,187 | 395,651 | 189,782 |
| 1985 | 51,772 | 25,777 | 416,219 | 97,949 |
| 1984 | 52,539 | 17,020 | 436,384 | 101,394 |
| 1983 | 51,460 | 31,758 | 514,844 | 102,167 |
| 1982 | 49,981 | 30,437 | 605,626 | 48,638 |
| 1981 | 48,098 | 29,600 | 631,189 | 18,442 |
| 1980 | 47,096 | 32,483 | 583,294 | -148,341 |
| 1979 | 45,569 | 37,383 | 623,068 | -139,566 |
| 1978 | 44,277 | 39,159 | 499,084 | -85,721 |
| 1977 | 42,922 | 38,225 | 578,947 | -90,737 |
| 1976 | 41,439 | 36,050 | 530,558 | -92,314 |
| 1975 | 39,295 | 30,909 | 603,300 | -52,332 |
| 1974 | 37,425 | 25,398 | 673,030 | 27,005 |
| 1973 | 35,741 | 22,830 | 699,115 | 35,779 |
| 1972 | 34,045 | 21,984 | 740,469 | 25,382 |
| 1971 | 32,339 | 22,182 | 789,185 | -6,326 |
| 1970 | 30,789 | 26,614 | 747,987 | -27,999 |
| 1969 | 28,774 | 33,143 | 694,227 | -21,175 |
| 1968 | 26,161 | 35,399 | 684,487 | -16,868 |
| 1967 | 23,520 | 34,177 | 692,169 | -16,484 |
| 1966 | 20,914 | 32,383 | 623,534 | -16,688 |
| 1965 | 18,952 | 30,580 | 641,090 | -146,386 |
| 1964 | 17,064 | 29,537 | 655,501 | -102,284 |
| 1963 | 15,357 | 28,889 | 685,824 | -80,226 |
| 1962 | 13,730 | 27,417 | 712,590 | -94,606 |
| 1961 | 12,327 | 24,618 | 730,173 | -93,179 |
| 1960 | 11,054 | 21,769 | 728,010 | 47,245 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/south-korea | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 35.8% of the population change in Kuwait is from natural causes (a gain of 470,645 people) and 64.2% is from migration (a gain of 845,142 people). In South Korea 17.6% is from natural causes (a gain of 277,215 people) and 82.4% is from migration (a gain of 1,298,356 people).
As of 2024, 3,323,191 residents or 67.3% of the population were not native-born in Kuwait, compared to 1,811,507 people or 3.5% in South Korea.
Biggest cities by population
|
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Kuwait | 2.99M |
| Al Wafrah | 10K |
|
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Seoul | 9.67M |
| Busan | 3.45M |
| Incheon | 3.05M |
| Daegu | 2.38M |
| Daejeon | 1.48M |
| Gwangju | 1.41M |
| Suwon | 1.23M |
| Ulsan | 1.13M |
| Yongin | 1.08M |
| Goyang | 1.06M |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Kuwait and South Korea
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 81 years | 84.6 years |
| Average age | 34.1 years | 44.8 years |
| Median age | 35.8 years | 46.1 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 61.1:38.9 | 49.9:50.1 |
| Fertility rate | 1.52 births per woman | 0.72 births per woman |
| Population density | 738 ppl/mi² | 1,371 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/south-korea | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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