The latest officially reported population of North Macedonia was 1,824,359 in 2024 vs 5,281,538 people in Oman in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current North Macedonia's population is 1,805,954 people compared to 5,761,708 in Oman.
Population statistics:
- Oman's population is 3.19 times bigger than North Macedonia's.
- North Macedonia is ranked the 150th most populous country in the world, while Oman is the 117th.
- The countries together account for 0.09% of the world: 0.02% for North Macedonia vs 0.07% for Oman.
- For the last 10 years, North Macedonia has had an average growth rate of -0.48% per year vs +2.99% in Oman.
- Since 2006, the population of North Macedonia has decreased from 1.99M people to 1.81M (9.44% decline), while Oman has grown from 2.51M to 5.76M (129.1% growth).
North Macedonia vs Oman: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
North Macedonia
|
Oman
|
|
| 2100 | 866,884 | 12,326,703 |
| 2099 | 877,788 | 12,244,321 |
| 2098 | 888,715 | 12,161,347 |
| 2097 | 899,716 | 12,077,858 |
| 2096 | 910,709 | 11,994,015 |
| 2095 | 921,559 | 11,909,754 |
| 2094 | 932,633 | 11,825,095 |
| 2093 | 943,984 | 11,740,085 |
| 2092 | 955,335 | 11,654,790 |
| 2091 | 966,773 | 11,569,356 |
| 2090 | 978,130 | 11,483,782 |
| 2089 | 989,666 | 11,398,109 |
| 2088 | 1,001,224 | 11,312,508 |
| 2087 | 1,012,831 | 11,227,223 |
| 2086 | 1,024,787 | 11,141,991 |
| 2085 | 1,036,668 | 11,056,984 |
| 2084 | 1,048,876 | 10,972,191 |
| 2083 | 1,061,031 | 10,887,525 |
| 2082 | 1,073,408 | 10,802,994 |
| 2081 | 1,085,823 | 10,718,800 |
| 2080 | 1,098,127 | 10,634,723 |
| 2079 | 1,110,614 | 10,550,794 |
| 2078 | 1,123,398 | 10,466,970 |
| 2077 | 1,136,448 | 10,383,169 |
| 2076 | 1,149,787 | 10,299,342 |
| 2075 | 1,163,080 | 10,215,493 |
| 2074 | 1,176,671 | 10,131,547 |
| 2073 | 1,190,351 | 10,047,318 |
| 2072 | 1,204,015 | 9,962,612 |
| 2071 | 1,217,691 | 9,877,378 |
| 2070 | 1,231,978 | 9,791,853 |
| 2069 | 1,246,408 | 9,705,815 |
| 2068 | 1,260,869 | 9,619,166 |
| 2067 | 1,275,289 | 9,531,936 |
| 2066 | 1,289,439 | 9,443,967 |
| 2065 | 1,303,917 | 9,355,538 |
| 2064 | 1,318,161 | 9,266,470 |
| 2063 | 1,332,807 | 9,176,798 |
| 2062 | 1,347,540 | 9,086,390 |
| 2061 | 1,362,299 | 8,995,287 |
| 2060 | 1,376,807 | 8,903,536 |
| 2059 | 1,390,921 | 8,810,958 |
| 2058 | 1,404,982 | 8,717,538 |
| 2057 | 1,419,185 | 8,623,514 |
| 2056 | 1,433,595 | 8,528,891 |
| 2055 | 1,447,857 | 8,433,708 |
| 2054 | 1,462,210 | 8,338,102 |
| 2053 | 1,476,351 | 8,242,274 |
| 2052 | 1,489,905 | 8,146,407 |
| 2051 | 1,503,526 | 8,050,917 |
| 2050 | 1,516,629 | 7,955,842 |
| 2049 | 1,529,608 | 7,861,436 |
| 2048 | 1,542,390 | 7,767,655 |
| 2047 | 1,555,085 | 7,674,619 |
| 2046 | 1,568,151 | 7,582,158 |
| 2045 | 1,581,115 | 7,490,461 |
| 2044 | 1,593,878 | 7,399,381 |
| 2043 | 1,606,930 | 7,309,208 |
| 2042 | 1,619,941 | 7,219,941 |
| 2041 | 1,632,704 | 7,131,715 |
| 2040 | 1,645,446 | 7,044,649 |
| 2039 | 1,658,034 | 6,958,711 |
| 2038 | 1,670,347 | 6,873,682 |
| 2037 | 1,682,850 | 6,789,514 |
| 2036 | 1,695,204 | 6,706,116 |
| 2035 | 1,707,302 | 6,623,241 |
| 2034 | 1,719,193 | 6,540,718 |
| 2033 | 1,730,723 | 6,458,252 |
| 2032 | 1,742,288 | 6,375,523 |
| 2031 | 1,753,729 | 6,292,383 |
| 2030 | 1,765,162 | 6,208,520 |
| 2029 | 1,775,815 | 6,115,428 |
| 2028 | 1,786,051 | 6,010,434 |
| 2027 | 1,795,945 | 5,881,073 |
| 2026 | 1,805,954 | 5,717,450 |
| 2025 | 1,815,368 | 5,519,571 |
| 2024 | 1,824,359 | 5,281,538 |
| 2023 | 1,827,816 | 5,049,269 |
| 2022 | 1,831,712 | 4,730,226 |
| 2021 | 1,837,114 | 4,500,424 |
| 2020 | 1,856,124 | 4,522,497 |
| 2019 | 1,876,262 | 4,591,241 |
| 2018 | 1,889,051 | 4,597,877 |
| 2017 | 1,898,657 | 4,537,396 |
| 2016 | 1,906,313 | 4,390,877 |
| 2015 | 1,912,430 | 4,184,895 |
| 2014 | 1,917,557 | 4,002,439 |
| 2013 | 1,922,716 | 3,833,913 |
| 2012 | 1,929,821 | 3,547,106 |
| 2011 | 1,937,398 | 3,076,763 |
| 2010 | 1,946,298 | 2,757,446 |
| 2009 | 1,958,782 | 2,684,659 |
| 2008 | 1,971,493 | 2,626,529 |
| 2007 | 1,982,933 | 2,570,174 |
| 2006 | 1,994,287 | 2,514,795 |
| 2005 | 2,005,330 | 2,459,802 |
| 2004 | 2,016,186 | 2,404,821 |
| 2003 | 2,022,725 | 2,363,796 |
| 2002 | 2,020,157 | 2,337,140 |
| 2001 | 2,034,882 | 2,310,217 |
| 2000 | 2,026,350 | 2,282,131 |
| 1999 | 2,017,142 | 2,252,909 |
| 1998 | 2,007,523 | 2,222,489 |
| 1997 | 1,996,869 | 2,190,720 |
| 1996 | 2,012,553 | 2,156,926 |
| 1995 | 1,998,534 | 2,120,528 |
| 1994 | 1,992,666 | 2,081,834 |
| 1993 | 2,006,854 | 2,021,675 |
| 1992 | 2,032,523 | 1,938,238 |
| 1991 | 2,055,994 | 1,851,473 |
| 1990 | 2,063,689 | 1,763,954 |
| 1989 | 2,055,649 | 1,676,228 |
| 1988 | 2,045,737 | 1,588,568 |
| 1987 | 2,035,157 | 1,500,996 |
| 1986 | 2,024,732 | 1,413,419 |
| 1985 | 2,014,331 | 1,325,480 |
| 1984 | 2,003,399 | 1,247,716 |
| 1983 | 1,991,901 | 1,181,459 |
| 1982 | 1,978,956 | 1,117,678 |
| 1981 | 1,959,065 | 1,057,320 |
| 1980 | 1,933,038 | 1,001,248 |
| 1979 | 1,906,523 | 949,116 |
| 1978 | 1,879,847 | 900,304 |
| 1977 | 1,853,138 | 855,314 |
| 1976 | 1,825,830 | 814,701 |
| 1975 | 1,797,972 | 778,864 |
| 1974 | 1,770,545 | 746,988 |
| 1973 | 1,743,816 | 721,179 |
| 1972 | 1,717,395 | 700,593 |
| 1971 | 1,691,216 | 681,119 |
| 1970 | 1,664,208 | 662,680 |
| 1969 | 1,636,345 | 645,255 |
| 1968 | 1,608,930 | 628,798 |
| 1967 | 1,582,492 | 613,318 |
| 1966 | 1,557,349 | 598,804 |
| 1965 | 1,533,466 | 585,236 |
| 1964 | 1,510,900 | 572,577 |
| 1963 | 1,488,737 | 560,827 |
| 1962 | 1,471,745 | 549,941 |
| 1961 | 1,455,171 | 539,854 |
| 1960 | 1,435,059 | 530,485 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/north-macedonia/oman | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of North Macedonia decreased by 87,974 people (a 4.41% decline), while Oman gained 1,876,082 people (a 74.6% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, North Macedonia lost 100,359 people (a 5.26% decline), while Oman's population increased by 1,370,831 people (a 31.2% growth).
North Macedonia was ranked 142nd most populous country in 2006 and is 150th in 2026. Oman was ranked 138th in 2006 and ranked 117th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) North Macedonia's population will shrink by 16% to 1,516,629 people with a rank change from 150th to 152nd. The population of Oman will increase by 38.1% to 7,955,842 people and rank change from 117th to 113th.
Oman is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 12.3M people, while North Macedonia's population already peaked in 1990 at 2.06M people and is projected to decrease to 867K people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
North Macedonia
|
Oman
|
|
| 2100 | -1.24% | 0.67% |
| 2099 | -1.23% | 0.68% |
| 2098 | -1.22% | 0.69% |
| 2097 | -1.21% | 0.7% |
| 2096 | -1.18% | 0.71% |
| 2095 | -1.19% | 0.72% |
| 2094 | -1.2% | 0.72% |
| 2093 | -1.19% | 0.73% |
| 2092 | -1.18% | 0.74% |
| 2091 | -1.16% | 0.75% |
| 2090 | -1.17% | 0.75% |
| 2089 | -1.15% | 0.76% |
| 2088 | -1.15% | 0.76% |
| 2087 | -1.17% | 0.76% |
| 2086 | -1.15% | 0.77% |
| 2085 | -1.16% | 0.77% |
| 2084 | -1.15% | 0.78% |
| 2083 | -1.15% | 0.78% |
| 2082 | -1.14% | 0.79% |
| 2081 | -1.12% | 0.79% |
| 2080 | -1.12% | 0.8% |
| 2079 | -1.14% | 0.8% |
| 2078 | -1.15% | 0.81% |
| 2077 | -1.16% | 0.81% |
| 2076 | -1.14% | 0.82% |
| 2075 | -1.15% | 0.83% |
| 2074 | -1.15% | 0.84% |
| 2073 | -1.13% | 0.85% |
| 2072 | -1.12% | 0.86% |
| 2071 | -1.16% | 0.87% |
| 2070 | -1.16% | 0.89% |
| 2069 | -1.15% | 0.9% |
| 2068 | -1.13% | 0.92% |
| 2067 | -1.1% | 0.93% |
| 2066 | -1.11% | 0.95% |
| 2065 | -1.08% | 0.96% |
| 2064 | -1.1% | 0.98% |
| 2063 | -1.09% | 0.99% |
| 2062 | -1.08% | 1.01% |
| 2061 | -1.05% | 1.03% |
| 2060 | -1.01% | 1.05% |
| 2059 | -1% | 1.07% |
| 2058 | -1% | 1.09% |
| 2057 | -1.01% | 1.11% |
| 2056 | -0.99% | 1.13% |
| 2055 | -0.98% | 1.15% |
| 2054 | -0.96% | 1.16% |
| 2053 | -0.91% | 1.18% |
| 2052 | -0.91% | 1.19% |
| 2051 | -0.86% | 1.2% |
| 2050 | -0.85% | 1.2% |
| 2049 | -0.83% | 1.21% |
| 2048 | -0.82% | 1.21% |
| 2047 | -0.83% | 1.22% |
| 2046 | -0.82% | 1.22% |
| 2045 | -0.8% | 1.23% |
| 2044 | -0.81% | 1.23% |
| 2043 | -0.8% | 1.24% |
| 2042 | -0.78% | 1.24% |
| 2041 | -0.77% | 1.24% |
| 2040 | -0.76% | 1.23% |
| 2039 | -0.74% | 1.24% |
| 2038 | -0.74% | 1.24% |
| 2037 | -0.73% | 1.24% |
| 2036 | -0.71% | 1.25% |
| 2035 | -0.69% | 1.26% |
| 2034 | -0.67% | 1.28% |
| 2033 | -0.66% | 1.3% |
| 2032 | -0.65% | 1.32% |
| 2031 | -0.65% | 1.35% |
| 2030 | -0.6% | 1.52% |
| 2029 | -0.57% | 1.75% |
| 2028 | -0.55% | 2.2% |
| 2027 | -0.55% | 2.86% |
| 2026 | -0.52% | 3.59% |
| 2025 | -0.49% | 4.51% |
| 2024 | -0.19% | 4.6% |
| 2023 | -0.21% | 6.74% |
| 2022 | -0.29% | 5.11% |
| 2021 | -1.02% | -0.49% |
| 2020 | -1.07% | -1.5% |
| 2019 | -0.68% | -0.14% |
| 2018 | -0.51% | 1.33% |
| 2017 | -0.4% | 3.34% |
| 2016 | -0.32% | 4.92% |
| 2015 | -0.27% | 4.56% |
| 2014 | -0.27% | 4.4% |
| 2013 | -0.37% | 8.09% |
| 2012 | -0.39% | 15.3% |
| 2011 | -0.46% | 11.6% |
| 2010 | -0.64% | 2.71% |
| 2009 | -0.64% | 2.21% |
| 2008 | -0.58% | 2.19% |
| 2007 | -0.57% | 2.2% |
| 2006 | -0.55% | 2.24% |
| 2005 | -0.54% | 2.29% |
| 2004 | -0.32% | 1.74% |
| 2003 | 0.13% | 1.14% |
| 2002 | -0.72% | 1.17% |
| 2001 | 0.42% | 1.23% |
| 2000 | 0.46% | 1.3% |
| 1999 | 0.48% | 1.37% |
| 1998 | 0.53% | 1.45% |
| 1997 | -0.78% | 1.57% |
| 1996 | 0.7% | 1.72% |
| 1995 | 0.29% | 1.86% |
| 1994 | -0.71% | 2.98% |
| 1993 | -1.26% | 4.3% |
| 1992 | -1.14% | 4.69% |
| 1991 | -0.37% | 4.96% |
| 1990 | 0.39% | 5.23% |
| 1989 | 0.48% | 5.52% |
| 1988 | 0.52% | 5.83% |
| 1987 | 0.51% | 6.2% |
| 1986 | 0.52% | 6.63% |
| 1985 | 0.55% | 6.23% |
| 1984 | 0.58% | 5.61% |
| 1983 | 0.65% | 5.71% |
| 1982 | 1.02% | 5.71% |
| 1981 | 1.35% | 5.6% |
| 1980 | 1.39% | 5.49% |
| 1979 | 1.42% | 5.42% |
| 1978 | 1.44% | 5.26% |
| 1977 | 1.5% | 4.99% |
| 1976 | 1.55% | 4.6% |
| 1975 | 1.55% | 4.27% |
| 1974 | 1.53% | 3.58% |
| 1973 | 1.54% | 2.94% |
| 1972 | 1.55% | 2.86% |
| 1971 | 1.62% | 2.78% |
| 1970 | 1.7% | 2.7% |
| 1969 | 1.7% | 2.62% |
| 1968 | 1.67% | 2.52% |
| 1967 | 1.61% | 2.42% |
| 1966 | 1.56% | 2.32% |
| 1965 | 1.49% | 2.21% |
| 1964 | 1.49% | 2.1% |
| 1963 | 1.15% | 1.98% |
| 1962 | 1.14% | 1.87% |
| 1961 | 1.4% | 1.77% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/north-macedonia/oman | CC BY
In 2024, the population of North Macedonia declined by 0.19%, while Oman's population grew by 4.6%.
Live population counters
|
North Macedonia
|
Oman
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
1805954
|
5761708
|
| Population rank | 150/197 | 117/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.02% | 0.07% |
| One net population change |
2.53 hours
|
2.26 minutes
|
| One birth every |
31.3 minutes
|
6.18 minutes
|
| One death every |
26.1 minutes
|
54.8 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | -9 | +636 |
| Annual growth/decline | -3,457 | +232,269 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | -0.19% | +4.6% |
| Population growth rate rank | 176/197 | 5/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.56 hours
|
4.63 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -5,645 | +113,734 |
| Net migration rank | 119/196 | 15/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 150,902 | 2,283,366 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 122/195 | 33/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 8.3% | 43.2% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 73/195 | 11/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
North Macedonia
|
Oman
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -5,645 | - | 113,734 |
| 2024 | - | -5,728 | - | 154,219 |
| 2023 | -3,290 | -5,597 | 75,467 | 156,285 |
| 2022 | -4,397 | -5,296 | 67,278 | 339,063 |
| 2021 | -9,737 | -5,483 | 69,991 | -16,726 |
| 2020 | -5,939 | -23,458 | 74,224 | -171,635 |
| 2019 | -375 | -24,204 | 77,394 | -117,480 |
| 2018 | 1,512 | -24,878 | 79,438 | -52,630 |
| 2017 | 1,329 | -24,227 | 82,408 | 11,751 |
| 2016 | 2,374 | -24,144 | 81,350 | 117,538 |
| 2015 | 2,294 | -23,010 | 79,241 | 133,842 |
| 2014 | 3,644 | -22,132 | 76,258 | 75,557 |
| 2013 | 3,653 | -20,297 | 71,905 | 113,335 |
| 2012 | 3,087 | -19,083 | 65,572 | 322,812 |
| 2011 | 3,100 | -17,871 | 59,689 | 492,609 |
| 2010 | 4,866 | -16,668 | 57,619 | 28,717 |
| 2009 | 4,309 | -15,455 | 52,007 | 7,226 |
| 2008 | 3,746 | -17,645 | 47,146 | 9,877 |
| 2007 | 2,974 | -15,705 | 44,207 | 11,478 |
| 2006 | 3,988 | -9,632 | 43,969 | 11,103 |
| 2005 | 4,011 | -2,244 | 44,688 | 10,231 |
| 2004 | 5,444 | -2,640 | 45,651 | 9,394 |
| 2003 | 8,900 | -2,880 | 46,273 | -19,265 |
| 2002 | 9,697 | -2,858 | 46,397 | -20,098 |
| 2001 | 10,174 | -922 | 46,651 | -19,103 |
| 2000 | 12,159 | -2,824 | 47,208 | -18,588 |
| 1999 | 10,489 | -1,261 | 48,053 | -18,235 |
| 1998 | 12,446 | -589 | 48,654 | -17,626 |
| 1997 | 12,979 | -477 | 49,510 | -16,998 |
| 1996 | 14,806 | -397 | 50,362 | -15,286 |
| 1995 | 17,239 | -3,603 | 51,139 | -13,418 |
| 1994 | 19,103 | -21,006 | 52,337 | -12,665 |
| 1993 | 20,797 | -47,273 | 53,439 | 27,204 |
| 1992 | 21,659 | -46,509 | 54,471 | 31,756 |
| 1991 | 23,387 | -45,484 | 55,382 | 31,927 |
| 1990 | 22,868 | -16,174 | 56,000 | 31,722 |
| 1989 | 22,912 | -13,528 | 56,202 | 31,528 |
| 1988 | 24,064 | -13,621 | 56,142 | 31,456 |
| 1987 | 24,359 | -13,635 | 55,933 | 31,608 |
| 1986 | 23,720 | -13,589 | 55,324 | 32,289 |
| 1985 | 24,167 | -13,492 | 54,609 | 33,666 |
| 1984 | 24,436 | -13,251 | 52,253 | 14,993 |
| 1983 | 24,690 | -12,884 | 49,646 | 15,617 |
| 1982 | 25,810 | -11,716 | 46,939 | 15,359 |
| 1981 | 25,689 | 0 | 44,176 | 14,239 |
| 1980 | 26,547 | -189 | 41,109 | 12,626 |
| 1979 | 27,096 | -426 | 38,022 | 12,511 |
| 1978 | 27,150 | -462 | 35,141 | 11,946 |
| 1977 | 27,410 | -683 | 32,342 | 10,554 |
| 1976 | 28,799 | -911 | 30,032 | 8,299 |
| 1975 | 28,983 | -1,147 | 27,699 | 5,632 |
| 1974 | 28,400 | -1,376 | 25,543 | 4,880 |
| 1973 | 28,032 | -1,600 | 24,195 | -2,996 |
| 1972 | 28,236 | -1,834 | 22,968 | -2,996 |
| 1971 | 28,010 | -2,064 | 21,973 | -2,996 |
| 1970 | 28,022 | 60 | 20,893 | -2,996 |
| 1969 | 27,464 | 181 | 19,949 | -2,996 |
| 1968 | 28,378 | -1,201 | 18,962 | -2,996 |
| 1967 | 28,401 | -2,696 | 17,990 | -2,996 |
| 1966 | 28,766 | -4,176 | 17,030 | -2,996 |
| 1965 | 28,564 | -5,385 | 16,103 | -2,996 |
| 1964 | 27,889 | -5,938 | 15,205 | -2,996 |
| 1963 | 28,124 | -5,759 | 14,283 | -2,996 |
| 1962 | 25,317 | -13,702 | 13,485 | -2,996 |
| 1961 | 27,846 | -6,309 | 12,690 | -2,996 |
| 1960 | 28,816 | -10,126 | 12,034 | -2,996 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/north-macedonia/oman | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 6.45% of the population change in North Macedonia is from natural causes (a loss of 12,585 people) and 93.5% is from migration (a loss of 182,429 people). In Oman 61.6% is from natural causes (a gain of 763,049 people) and 38.4% is from migration (a gain of 475,565 people).
As of 2024, 150,902 residents or 8.3% of the population were not native-born in North Macedonia, compared to 2,283,366 people or 43.2% in Oman.
Biggest cities by population
|
North Macedonia
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Skopje | 423K |
| Kumanovo | 70.8K |
| Bitola | 69.3K |
| Prilep | 63.3K |
| Tetovo | 63.2K |
| Stip | 42K |
| Veles | 40.7K |
| Ohrid | 38.8K |
| Strumica | 33.8K |
| Kavadarci | 32K |
|
Oman
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Muscat | 1.42M |
| Seeb | 471K |
| Salalah | 332K |
| Nizwa | 83.5K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between North Macedonia and Oman
|
North Macedonia
|
Oman
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 77.8 years | 80.7 years |
| Average age | 41.2 years | 29.6 years |
| Median age | 41.6 years | 30.5 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 48.6:51.4 | 62.2:37.8 |
| Fertility rate | 1.5 births per woman | 2.53 births per woman |
| Population density | 185.5 ppl/mi² | 47.8 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/north-macedonia/oman | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
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