The latest officially reported population of Botswana was 2,562,122 in 2025 vs 1,938,431 people in Equatorial Guinea in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Botswana's population is 2,624,853 people compared to 2,008,950 in Equatorial Guinea.
Population statistics:
- Botswana's population is 1.31 times bigger than Equatorial Guinea's.
- Botswana is ranked the 142nd most populous country in the world, while Equatorial Guinea is the 148th.
- The countries together account for 0.06% of the world: 0.03% for Botswana vs 0.02% for Equatorial Guinea.
- For the last 10 years, Botswana has had an average growth rate of +1.51% per year vs +3.01% in Equatorial Guinea.
- Since 2006, the population of Botswana has increased from 1.87M people to 2.62M (40% growth), while Equatorial Guinea has grown from 990K to 2.01M (102.9% growth).
Botswana vs Equatorial Guinea: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Botswana
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
|
| 2100 | 3,870,704 | 5,052,131 |
| 2099 | 3,875,823 | 5,029,652 |
| 2098 | 3,881,867 | 5,006,084 |
| 2097 | 3,887,181 | 4,982,012 |
| 2096 | 3,892,081 | 4,957,949 |
| 2095 | 3,896,405 | 4,932,205 |
| 2094 | 3,900,671 | 4,904,343 |
| 2093 | 3,904,733 | 4,876,701 |
| 2092 | 3,908,682 | 4,848,908 |
| 2091 | 3,913,090 | 4,822,809 |
| 2090 | 3,915,896 | 4,795,108 |
| 2089 | 3,916,540 | 4,764,284 |
| 2088 | 3,916,700 | 4,733,165 |
| 2087 | 3,916,016 | 4,702,620 |
| 2086 | 3,915,493 | 4,672,149 |
| 2085 | 3,914,975 | 4,641,070 |
| 2084 | 3,913,555 | 4,606,158 |
| 2083 | 3,912,119 | 4,573,271 |
| 2082 | 3,910,185 | 4,539,781 |
| 2081 | 3,909,204 | 4,504,490 |
| 2080 | 3,907,447 | 4,468,448 |
| 2079 | 3,904,550 | 4,429,954 |
| 2078 | 3,900,021 | 4,392,051 |
| 2077 | 3,895,321 | 4,353,283 |
| 2076 | 3,889,723 | 4,311,896 |
| 2075 | 3,883,893 | 4,270,301 |
| 2074 | 3,878,255 | 4,229,407 |
| 2073 | 3,872,458 | 4,188,677 |
| 2072 | 3,864,865 | 4,147,163 |
| 2071 | 3,857,922 | 4,106,058 |
| 2070 | 3,850,437 | 4,063,448 |
| 2069 | 3,840,521 | 4,020,982 |
| 2068 | 3,830,034 | 3,980,402 |
| 2067 | 3,817,551 | 3,938,530 |
| 2066 | 3,804,918 | 3,895,974 |
| 2065 | 3,790,427 | 3,851,911 |
| 2064 | 3,775,157 | 3,807,263 |
| 2063 | 3,759,402 | 3,763,880 |
| 2062 | 3,741,936 | 3,720,515 |
| 2061 | 3,722,576 | 3,676,341 |
| 2060 | 3,702,465 | 3,631,498 |
| 2059 | 3,682,055 | 3,585,230 |
| 2058 | 3,658,810 | 3,537,155 |
| 2057 | 3,634,762 | 3,490,505 |
| 2056 | 3,611,096 | 3,443,649 |
| 2055 | 3,586,314 | 3,395,823 |
| 2054 | 3,561,446 | 3,347,521 |
| 2053 | 3,535,001 | 3,299,880 |
| 2052 | 3,507,213 | 3,252,101 |
| 2051 | 3,479,219 | 3,204,837 |
| 2050 | 3,450,807 | 3,158,169 |
| 2049 | 3,421,435 | 3,111,550 |
| 2048 | 3,391,019 | 3,064,766 |
| 2047 | 3,359,719 | 3,018,583 |
| 2046 | 3,327,520 | 2,970,723 |
| 2045 | 3,295,807 | 2,921,709 |
| 2044 | 3,264,444 | 2,872,120 |
| 2043 | 3,232,407 | 2,823,047 |
| 2042 | 3,200,743 | 2,772,948 |
| 2041 | 3,168,217 | 2,723,274 |
| 2040 | 3,135,241 | 2,671,956 |
| 2039 | 3,101,153 | 2,621,748 |
| 2038 | 3,067,014 | 2,569,597 |
| 2037 | 3,031,993 | 2,518,735 |
| 2036 | 2,996,265 | 2,468,255 |
| 2035 | 2,959,978 | 2,418,303 |
| 2034 | 2,922,807 | 2,368,234 |
| 2033 | 2,885,394 | 2,319,422 |
| 2032 | 2,846,703 | 2,269,119 |
| 2031 | 2,808,291 | 2,220,354 |
| 2030 | 2,767,933 | 2,172,696 |
| 2029 | 2,727,903 | 2,125,745 |
| 2028 | 2,686,412 | 2,078,701 |
| 2027 | 2,645,316 | 2,031,611 |
| 2026 | 2,603,241 | 1,985,016 |
| 2025 | 2,562,122 | 1,938,431 |
| 2024 | 2,521,139 | 1,892,516 |
| 2023 | 2,480,244 | 1,847,549 |
| 2022 | 2,439,892 | 1,803,545 |
| 2021 | 2,401,441 | 1,758,786 |
| 2020 | 2,365,894 | 1,716,468 |
| 2019 | 2,332,083 | 1,670,177 |
| 2018 | 2,299,141 | 1,616,422 |
| 2017 | 2,266,747 | 1,562,396 |
| 2016 | 2,234,776 | 1,508,186 |
| 2015 | 2,203,273 | 1,453,923 |
| 2014 | 2,172,044 | 1,399,828 |
| 2013 | 2,140,682 | 1,346,218 |
| 2012 | 2,108,617 | 1,293,483 |
| 2011 | 2,073,535 | 1,241,835 |
| 2010 | 2,033,111 | 1,189,085 |
| 2009 | 1,990,673 | 1,135,673 |
| 2008 | 1,949,970 | 1,084,530 |
| 2007 | 1,911,201 | 1,036,044 |
| 2006 | 1,874,516 | 990,343 |
| 2005 | 1,839,877 | 947,367 |
| 2004 | 1,807,146 | 899,917 |
| 2003 | 1,775,736 | 847,862 |
| 2002 | 1,744,763 | 797,957 |
| 2001 | 1,712,254 | 749,836 |
| 2000 | 1,677,382 | 703,279 |
| 1999 | 1,641,997 | 667,214 |
| 1998 | 1,606,899 | 641,474 |
| 1997 | 1,571,691 | 616,893 |
| 1996 | 1,535,914 | 593,492 |
| 1995 | 1,498,836 | 571,264 |
| 1994 | 1,460,023 | 550,138 |
| 1993 | 1,420,115 | 530,023 |
| 1992 | 1,380,033 | 510,770 |
| 1991 | 1,341,756 | 492,217 |
| 1990 | 1,305,696 | 474,274 |
| 1989 | 1,270,274 | 456,808 |
| 1988 | 1,235,476 | 439,651 |
| 1987 | 1,199,167 | 422,522 |
| 1986 | 1,160,650 | 404,728 |
| 1985 | 1,121,945 | 385,547 |
| 1984 | 1,083,660 | 364,899 |
| 1983 | 1,046,137 | 343,421 |
| 1982 | 1,009,269 | 322,216 |
| 1981 | 969,996 | 303,252 |
| 1980 | 937,485 | 288,644 |
| 1979 | 901,742 | 279,846 |
| 1978 | 849,239 | 276,531 |
| 1977 | 799,574 | 276,779 |
| 1976 | 758,508 | 281,031 |
| 1975 | 720,380 | 287,901 |
| 1974 | 685,448 | 294,953 |
| 1973 | 652,408 | 302,281 |
| 1972 | 622,407 | 309,468 |
| 1971 | 600,481 | 315,940 |
| 1970 | 590,334 | 320,803 |
| 1969 | 587,066 | 322,517 |
| 1968 | 583,966 | 318,849 |
| 1967 | 580,933 | 311,805 |
| 1966 | 577,866 | 304,859 |
| 1965 | 574,664 | 298,238 |
| 1964 | 566,266 | 291,942 |
| 1963 | 552,966 | 285,965 |
| 1962 | 540,186 | 280,286 |
| 1961 | 527,942 | 274,896 |
| 1960 | 516,165 | 269,807 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/botswana/equatorial-guinea | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Botswana increased by 360,260 people (a 19.2% growth), while Equatorial Guinea gained 517,843 people (a 52.3% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Botswana gained 390,077 people (a 17.5% growth), while Equatorial Guinea's population increased by 500,764 people (a 33.2% growth).
Botswana was ranked 145th most populous country in 2006 and is 142nd in 2026. Equatorial Guinea was ranked 154th in 2006 and ranked 148th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Botswana's population will grow by 31.5% to 3,450,807 people with a rank change from 142nd to 137th. The population of Equatorial Guinea will increase by 57.2% to 3,158,169 people and rank change from 148th to 140th.
Botswana is projected to reach its peak in 2088 at 3.92M people compared to the peak of 5.05M people in 2100 for Equatorial Guinea.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Botswana
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
|
| 2100 | -0.13% | 0.45% |
| 2099 | -0.16% | 0.47% |
| 2098 | -0.14% | 0.48% |
| 2097 | -0.13% | 0.49% |
| 2096 | -0.11% | 0.52% |
| 2095 | -0.11% | 0.57% |
| 2094 | -0.1% | 0.57% |
| 2093 | -0.1% | 0.57% |
| 2092 | -0.11% | 0.54% |
| 2091 | -0.07% | 0.58% |
| 2090 | -0.02% | 0.65% |
| 2089 | -0.004% | 0.66% |
| 2088 | 0.02% | 0.65% |
| 2087 | 0.01% | 0.65% |
| 2086 | 0.01% | 0.67% |
| 2085 | 0.04% | 0.76% |
| 2084 | 0.04% | 0.72% |
| 2083 | 0.05% | 0.74% |
| 2082 | 0.03% | 0.78% |
| 2081 | 0.04% | 0.81% |
| 2080 | 0.07% | 0.87% |
| 2079 | 0.12% | 0.86% |
| 2078 | 0.12% | 0.89% |
| 2077 | 0.14% | 0.96% |
| 2076 | 0.15% | 0.97% |
| 2075 | 0.15% | 0.97% |
| 2074 | 0.15% | 0.97% |
| 2073 | 0.2% | 1% |
| 2072 | 0.18% | 1% |
| 2071 | 0.19% | 1.05% |
| 2070 | 0.26% | 1.06% |
| 2069 | 0.27% | 1.02% |
| 2068 | 0.33% | 1.06% |
| 2067 | 0.33% | 1.09% |
| 2066 | 0.38% | 1.14% |
| 2065 | 0.4% | 1.17% |
| 2064 | 0.42% | 1.15% |
| 2063 | 0.47% | 1.17% |
| 2062 | 0.52% | 1.2% |
| 2061 | 0.54% | 1.23% |
| 2060 | 0.55% | 1.29% |
| 2059 | 0.64% | 1.36% |
| 2058 | 0.66% | 1.34% |
| 2057 | 0.66% | 1.36% |
| 2056 | 0.69% | 1.41% |
| 2055 | 0.7% | 1.44% |
| 2054 | 0.75% | 1.44% |
| 2053 | 0.79% | 1.47% |
| 2052 | 0.8% | 1.47% |
| 2051 | 0.82% | 1.48% |
| 2050 | 0.86% | 1.5% |
| 2049 | 0.9% | 1.53% |
| 2048 | 0.93% | 1.53% |
| 2047 | 0.97% | 1.61% |
| 2046 | 0.96% | 1.68% |
| 2045 | 0.96% | 1.73% |
| 2044 | 0.99% | 1.74% |
| 2043 | 0.99% | 1.81% |
| 2042 | 1.03% | 1.82% |
| 2041 | 1.05% | 1.92% |
| 2040 | 1.1% | 1.92% |
| 2039 | 1.11% | 2.03% |
| 2038 | 1.16% | 2.02% |
| 2037 | 1.19% | 2.05% |
| 2036 | 1.23% | 2.07% |
| 2035 | 1.27% | 2.11% |
| 2034 | 1.3% | 2.1% |
| 2033 | 1.36% | 2.22% |
| 2032 | 1.37% | 2.2% |
| 2031 | 1.46% | 2.19% |
| 2030 | 1.47% | 2.21% |
| 2029 | 1.54% | 2.26% |
| 2028 | 1.55% | 2.32% |
| 2027 | 1.62% | 2.35% |
| 2026 | 1.6% | 2.4% |
| 2025 | 1.63% | 2.43% |
| 2024 | 1.65% | 2.43% |
| 2023 | 1.65% | 2.44% |
| 2022 | 1.6% | 2.54% |
| 2021 | 1.5% | 2.47% |
| 2020 | 1.45% | 2.77% |
| 2019 | 1.43% | 3.33% |
| 2018 | 1.43% | 3.46% |
| 2017 | 1.43% | 3.59% |
| 2016 | 1.43% | 3.73% |
| 2015 | 1.44% | 3.86% |
| 2014 | 1.47% | 3.98% |
| 2013 | 1.52% | 4.08% |
| 2012 | 1.69% | 4.16% |
| 2011 | 1.99% | 4.44% |
| 2010 | 2.13% | 4.7% |
| 2009 | 2.09% | 4.72% |
| 2008 | 2.03% | 4.68% |
| 2007 | 1.96% | 4.61% |
| 2006 | 1.88% | 4.54% |
| 2005 | 1.81% | 5.27% |
| 2004 | 1.77% | 6.14% |
| 2003 | 1.78% | 6.25% |
| 2002 | 1.9% | 6.42% |
| 2001 | 2.08% | 6.62% |
| 2000 | 2.15% | 5.41% |
| 1999 | 2.18% | 4.01% |
| 1998 | 2.24% | 3.98% |
| 1997 | 2.33% | 3.94% |
| 1996 | 2.47% | 3.89% |
| 1995 | 2.66% | 3.84% |
| 1994 | 2.81% | 3.8% |
| 1993 | 2.9% | 3.77% |
| 1992 | 2.85% | 3.77% |
| 1991 | 2.76% | 3.78% |
| 1990 | 2.79% | 3.82% |
| 1989 | 2.82% | 3.9% |
| 1988 | 3.03% | 4.05% |
| 1987 | 3.32% | 4.4% |
| 1986 | 3.45% | 4.98% |
| 1985 | 3.53% | 5.66% |
| 1984 | 3.59% | 6.25% |
| 1983 | 3.65% | 6.58% |
| 1982 | 4.05% | 6.25% |
| 1981 | 3.47% | 5.06% |
| 1980 | 3.96% | 3.14% |
| 1979 | 6.18% | 1.2% |
| 1978 | 6.21% | -0.09% |
| 1977 | 5.41% | -1.51% |
| 1976 | 5.29% | -2.39% |
| 1975 | 5.1% | -2.39% |
| 1974 | 5.06% | -2.42% |
| 1973 | 4.82% | -2.32% |
| 1972 | 3.65% | -2.05% |
| 1971 | 1.72% | -1.52% |
| 1970 | 0.56% | -0.53% |
| 1969 | 0.53% | 1.15% |
| 1968 | 0.52% | 2.26% |
| 1967 | 0.53% | 2.28% |
| 1966 | 0.56% | 2.22% |
| 1965 | 1.48% | 2.16% |
| 1964 | 2.41% | 2.09% |
| 1963 | 2.37% | 2.03% |
| 1962 | 2.32% | 1.96% |
| 1961 | 2.28% | 1.89% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/botswana/equatorial-guinea | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Botswana grew by 1.63%, while Equatorial Guinea's population grew by 2.43%.
Live population counters
|
Botswana
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
2624853
|
2008950
|
| Population rank | 142/197 | 148/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.03% | 0.02% |
| One net population change |
12.9 minutes
|
11.5 minutes
|
| One birth every |
8.56 minutes
|
9.26 minutes
|
| One death every |
36.3 minutes
|
35.4 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +112 | +126 |
| Annual growth/decline | +40,983 | +45,915 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +1.63% | +2.43% |
| Population growth rate rank | 65/197 | 29/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.55 hours
|
2.3 hours
|
| Annual migration change | -5,665 | +3,812 |
| Net migration rank | 120/196 | 53/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 116,402 | 248,930 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 126/195 | 106/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 4.6% | 13.2% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 96/195 | 52/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Botswana
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -5,665 | - | 3,812 |
| 2024 | 46,951 | -5,778 | 41,906 | 3,891 |
| 2023 | 47,098 | -6,487 | 40,140 | 3,997 |
| 2022 | 47,400 | -7,306 | 39,873 | 3,997 |
| 2021 | 40,894 | -4,083 | 39,160 | 6,493 |
| 2020 | 45,610 | -11,330 | 38,994 | 0 |
| 2019 | 45,110 | -11,770 | 38,894 | 14,695 |
| 2018 | 44,171 | -11,623 | 38,332 | 15,581 |
| 2017 | 43,154 | -10,916 | 37,740 | 16,399 |
| 2016 | 41,993 | -10,286 | 37,180 | 17,107 |
| 2015 | 40,897 | -9,599 | 36,543 | 17,697 |
| 2014 | 40,046 | -8,893 | 35,889 | 18,058 |
| 2013 | 39,404 | -7,836 | 35,158 | 18,106 |
| 2012 | 39,202 | -6,636 | 34,347 | 17,860 |
| 2011 | 38,613 | -1,019 | 33,502 | 17,604 |
| 2010 | 38,101 | 5,151 | 32,368 | 22,027 |
| 2009 | 36,671 | 4,960 | 31,184 | 21,235 |
| 2008 | 35,433 | 4,343 | 29,941 | 19,925 |
| 2007 | 33,832 | 3,926 | 28,672 | 18,433 |
| 2006 | 31,340 | 4,270 | 27,404 | 16,889 |
| 2005 | 29,385 | 4,283 | 26,116 | 15,548 |
| 2004 | 27,481 | 4,314 | 24,666 | 28,578 |
| 2003 | 26,545 | 4,488 | 23,168 | 27,696 |
| 2002 | 26,163 | 4,747 | 21,744 | 27,198 |
| 2001 | 26,112 | 7,991 | 20,376 | 26,919 |
| 2000 | 25,850 | 9,798 | 19,132 | 26,695 |
| 1999 | 25,358 | 9,762 | 18,465 | 7,846 |
| 1998 | 25,397 | 9,685 | 17,854 | 7,307 |
| 1997 | 25,738 | 9,597 | 17,305 | 6,696 |
| 1996 | 26,847 | 9,368 | 16,802 | 6,003 |
| 1995 | 28,478 | 9,464 | 16,345 | 5,300 |
| 1994 | 30,664 | 9,023 | 15,937 | 4,664 |
| 1993 | 31,691 | 8,441 | 15,459 | 4,175 |
| 1992 | 31,995 | 8,026 | 15,010 | 3,867 |
| 1991 | 32,219 | 4,311 | 14,581 | 3,642 |
| 1990 | 33,015 | 2,580 | 14,158 | 3,511 |
| 1989 | 33,756 | 1,495 | 13,724 | 3,545 |
| 1988 | 34,564 | -215 | 13,266 | 3,777 |
| 1987 | 35,647 | 2,624 | 12,727 | 4,482 |
| 1986 | 36,203 | 2,558 | 12,061 | 6,317 |
| 1985 | 35,966 | 2,683 | 11,179 | 8,816 |
| 1984 | 35,530 | 2,393 | 10,076 | 11,221 |
| 1983 | 35,142 | 1,980 | 8,886 | 12,766 |
| 1982 | 34,859 | 1,751 | 8,182 | 12,568 |
| 1981 | 34,327 | 7,610 | 7,573 | 9,605 |
| 1980 | 33,934 | -10,849 | 7,142 | 4,903 |
| 1979 | 32,486 | 15,918 | 5,786 | -235 |
| 1978 | 30,596 | 26,015 | 5,635 | -4,553 |
| 1977 | 29,009 | 13,708 | 5,550 | -7,131 |
| 1976 | 27,497 | 11,914 | 2,451 | -9,377 |
| 1975 | 25,762 | 11,086 | 4,580 | -11,398 |
| 1974 | 24,160 | 8,854 | 5,697 | -12,983 |
| 1973 | 22,449 | 10,615 | 6,508 | -13,875 |
| 1972 | 21,004 | 5,937 | 6,572 | -13,576 |
| 1971 | 19,926 | -3,016 | 4,822 | -10,760 |
| 1970 | 19,438 | -16,054 | 2,715 | -6,499 |
| 1969 | 19,024 | -15,870 | 2,593 | -2,237 |
| 1968 | 18,725 | -15,681 | 6,417 | 565 |
| 1967 | 18,463 | -15,438 | 6,135 | 974 |
| 1966 | 18,250 | -15,140 | 5,868 | 915 |
| 1965 | 18,045 | -14,753 | 5,618 | 837 |
| 1964 | 17,634 | -4,126 | 5,393 | 735 |
| 1963 | 17,084 | -4,000 | 5,192 | 632 |
| 1962 | 16,507 | -4,028 | 5,013 | 528 |
| 1961 | 16,185 | -4,168 | 4,858 | 384 |
| 1960 | 15,861 | -4,331 | 4,727 | 210 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/botswana/equatorial-guinea | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 83.3% of the population change in Botswana is from natural causes (a gain of 443,278 people) and 16.7% is from migration (a loss of 89,178 people). In Equatorial Guinea 79.6% is from natural causes (a gain of 388,762 people) and 20.4% is from migration (a gain of 99,857 people).
As of 2024, 116,402 residents or 4.6% of the population were not native-born in Botswana, compared to 248,930 people or 13.2% in Equatorial Guinea.
Biggest cities by population
|
Botswana
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Gaborone | 236K |
| Francistown | 103K |
| Molepolole | 67.6K |
| Kanye | 48K |
| Serowe | 47.4K |
| Mahalapye | 41.3K |
| Palapye | 36.2K |
| Lobatse | 26.9K |
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Malabo | 297K |
| Bata | 290K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Botswana and Equatorial Guinea
|
Botswana
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 69.6 years | 64.3 years |
| Average age | 26.9 years | 26 years |
| Median age | 24.5 years | 22 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.8:50.2 | 52.7:47.3 |
| Fertility rate | 2.7 births per woman | 4.12 births per woman |
| Population density | 11.9 ppl/mi² | 183.3 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/botswana/equatorial-guinea | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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