The latest officially reported population of the Congo was 6,484,437 in 2025 vs 1,938,431 people in Equatorial Guinea in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Congo's population is 6,718,789 people compared to 2,008,950 in Equatorial Guinea.
Population statistics:
- The Congo's population is 3.34 times bigger than Equatorial Guinea's.
- The Congo is ranked the 109th most populous country in the world, while Equatorial Guinea is the 148th.
- The countries together account for 0.11% of the world: 0.08% for the Congo vs 0.02% for Equatorial Guinea.
- For the last 10 years, the Congo has had an average growth rate of +2.44% per year vs +3.01% in Equatorial Guinea.
- Since 2006, the population of the Congo has increased from 3.84M people to 6.72M (75.1% growth), while Equatorial Guinea has grown from 990K to 2.01M (102.9% growth).
Congo vs Equatorial Guinea: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Congo
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
|
| 2100 | 20,194,267 | 5,052,131 |
| 2099 | 20,053,234 | 5,029,652 |
| 2098 | 19,906,909 | 5,006,084 |
| 2097 | 19,760,110 | 4,982,012 |
| 2096 | 19,610,521 | 4,957,949 |
| 2095 | 19,459,493 | 4,932,205 |
| 2094 | 19,306,835 | 4,904,343 |
| 2093 | 19,151,289 | 4,876,701 |
| 2092 | 18,990,577 | 4,848,908 |
| 2091 | 18,828,222 | 4,822,809 |
| 2090 | 18,663,146 | 4,795,108 |
| 2089 | 18,497,842 | 4,764,284 |
| 2088 | 18,325,571 | 4,733,165 |
| 2087 | 18,153,731 | 4,702,620 |
| 2086 | 17,979,773 | 4,672,149 |
| 2085 | 17,807,843 | 4,641,070 |
| 2084 | 17,631,386 | 4,606,158 |
| 2083 | 17,453,221 | 4,573,271 |
| 2082 | 17,270,773 | 4,539,781 |
| 2081 | 17,093,270 | 4,504,490 |
| 2080 | 16,910,570 | 4,468,448 |
| 2079 | 16,728,955 | 4,429,954 |
| 2078 | 16,542,829 | 4,392,051 |
| 2077 | 16,357,926 | 4,353,283 |
| 2076 | 16,173,005 | 4,311,896 |
| 2075 | 15,981,904 | 4,270,301 |
| 2074 | 15,791,626 | 4,229,407 |
| 2073 | 15,597,321 | 4,188,677 |
| 2072 | 15,402,110 | 4,147,163 |
| 2071 | 15,205,567 | 4,106,058 |
| 2070 | 15,009,147 | 4,063,448 |
| 2069 | 14,808,250 | 4,020,982 |
| 2068 | 14,609,790 | 3,980,402 |
| 2067 | 14,412,802 | 3,938,530 |
| 2066 | 14,211,022 | 3,895,974 |
| 2065 | 14,010,661 | 3,851,911 |
| 2064 | 13,810,933 | 3,807,263 |
| 2063 | 13,609,626 | 3,763,880 |
| 2062 | 13,405,080 | 3,720,515 |
| 2061 | 13,204,362 | 3,676,341 |
| 2060 | 13,004,957 | 3,631,498 |
| 2059 | 12,806,162 | 3,585,230 |
| 2058 | 12,609,233 | 3,537,155 |
| 2057 | 12,413,395 | 3,490,505 |
| 2056 | 12,217,406 | 3,443,649 |
| 2055 | 12,022,740 | 3,395,823 |
| 2054 | 11,824,813 | 3,347,521 |
| 2053 | 11,627,983 | 3,299,880 |
| 2052 | 11,431,875 | 3,252,101 |
| 2051 | 11,235,188 | 3,204,837 |
| 2050 | 11,039,311 | 3,158,169 |
| 2049 | 10,844,973 | 3,111,550 |
| 2048 | 10,650,230 | 3,064,766 |
| 2047 | 10,453,401 | 3,018,583 |
| 2046 | 10,258,550 | 2,970,723 |
| 2045 | 10,063,886 | 2,921,709 |
| 2044 | 9,871,213 | 2,872,120 |
| 2043 | 9,676,000 | 2,823,047 |
| 2042 | 9,482,485 | 2,772,948 |
| 2041 | 9,287,235 | 2,723,274 |
| 2040 | 9,096,577 | 2,671,956 |
| 2039 | 8,907,177 | 2,621,748 |
| 2038 | 8,719,250 | 2,569,597 |
| 2037 | 8,532,935 | 2,518,735 |
| 2036 | 8,348,719 | 2,468,255 |
| 2035 | 8,166,676 | 2,418,303 |
| 2034 | 7,985,679 | 2,368,234 |
| 2033 | 7,805,748 | 2,319,422 |
| 2032 | 7,628,440 | 2,269,119 |
| 2031 | 7,453,476 | 2,220,354 |
| 2030 | 7,284,111 | 2,172,696 |
| 2029 | 7,117,929 | 2,125,745 |
| 2028 | 6,955,268 | 2,078,701 |
| 2027 | 6,794,778 | 2,031,611 |
| 2026 | 6,638,532 | 1,985,016 |
| 2025 | 6,484,437 | 1,938,431 |
| 2024 | 6,332,961 | 1,892,516 |
| 2023 | 6,182,885 | 1,847,549 |
| 2022 | 6,035,104 | 1,803,545 |
| 2021 | 5,892,183 | 1,758,786 |
| 2020 | 5,752,791 | 1,716,468 |
| 2019 | 5,616,661 | 1,670,177 |
| 2018 | 5,483,118 | 1,616,422 |
| 2017 | 5,351,011 | 1,562,396 |
| 2016 | 5,222,536 | 1,508,186 |
| 2015 | 5,097,581 | 1,453,923 |
| 2014 | 4,975,880 | 1,399,828 |
| 2013 | 4,857,099 | 1,346,218 |
| 2012 | 4,740,450 | 1,293,483 |
| 2011 | 4,609,724 | 1,241,835 |
| 2010 | 4,462,290 | 1,189,085 |
| 2009 | 4,281,219 | 1,135,673 |
| 2008 | 4,113,517 | 1,084,530 |
| 2007 | 3,980,430 | 1,036,044 |
| 2006 | 3,837,409 | 990,343 |
| 2005 | 3,696,393 | 947,367 |
| 2004 | 3,565,554 | 899,917 |
| 2003 | 3,445,753 | 847,862 |
| 2002 | 3,350,771 | 797,957 |
| 2001 | 3,272,537 | 749,836 |
| 2000 | 3,151,345 | 703,279 |
| 1999 | 3,032,874 | 667,214 |
| 1998 | 2,952,061 | 641,474 |
| 1997 | 2,887,862 | 616,893 |
| 1996 | 2,826,785 | 593,492 |
| 1995 | 2,749,461 | 571,264 |
| 1994 | 2,673,144 | 550,138 |
| 1993 | 2,595,124 | 530,023 |
| 1992 | 2,519,465 | 510,770 |
| 1991 | 2,449,229 | 492,217 |
| 1990 | 2,380,560 | 474,274 |
| 1989 | 2,313,558 | 456,808 |
| 1988 | 2,247,653 | 439,651 |
| 1987 | 2,183,473 | 422,522 |
| 1986 | 2,120,602 | 404,728 |
| 1985 | 2,059,311 | 385,547 |
| 1984 | 1,999,528 | 364,899 |
| 1983 | 1,950,321 | 343,421 |
| 1982 | 1,910,430 | 322,216 |
| 1981 | 1,869,759 | 303,252 |
| 1980 | 1,828,985 | 288,644 |
| 1979 | 1,788,524 | 279,846 |
| 1978 | 1,748,089 | 276,531 |
| 1977 | 1,707,568 | 276,779 |
| 1976 | 1,667,225 | 281,031 |
| 1975 | 1,627,032 | 287,901 |
| 1974 | 1,582,301 | 294,953 |
| 1973 | 1,533,680 | 302,281 |
| 1972 | 1,486,468 | 309,468 |
| 1971 | 1,441,039 | 315,940 |
| 1970 | 1,397,638 | 320,803 |
| 1969 | 1,356,182 | 322,517 |
| 1968 | 1,316,519 | 318,849 |
| 1967 | 1,278,691 | 311,805 |
| 1966 | 1,242,534 | 304,859 |
| 1965 | 1,207,880 | 298,238 |
| 1964 | 1,174,816 | 291,942 |
| 1963 | 1,143,263 | 285,965 |
| 1962 | 1,113,175 | 280,286 |
| 1961 | 1,084,389 | 274,896 |
| 1960 | 1,056,732 | 269,807 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/congo/equatorial-guinea | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of the Congo increased by 1,385,127 people (a 36.1% growth), while Equatorial Guinea gained 517,843 people (a 52.3% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, the Congo gained 1,496,253 people (a 28.6% growth), while Equatorial Guinea's population increased by 500,764 people (a 33.2% growth).
The Congo was ranked 125th most populous country in 2006 and is 109th in 2026. Equatorial Guinea was ranked 154th in 2006 and ranked 148th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) the Congo's population will grow by 64.3% to 11,039,311 people with a rank change from 109th to 95th. The population of Equatorial Guinea will increase by 57.2% to 3,158,169 people and rank change from 148th to 140th.
The Congo is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 20.2M people compared to the peak of 5.05M people in 2100 for Equatorial Guinea.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Congo
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
|
| 2100 | 0.7% | 0.45% |
| 2099 | 0.74% | 0.47% |
| 2098 | 0.74% | 0.48% |
| 2097 | 0.76% | 0.49% |
| 2096 | 0.78% | 0.52% |
| 2095 | 0.79% | 0.57% |
| 2094 | 0.81% | 0.57% |
| 2093 | 0.85% | 0.57% |
| 2092 | 0.86% | 0.54% |
| 2091 | 0.88% | 0.58% |
| 2090 | 0.89% | 0.65% |
| 2089 | 0.94% | 0.66% |
| 2088 | 0.95% | 0.65% |
| 2087 | 0.97% | 0.65% |
| 2086 | 0.97% | 0.67% |
| 2085 | 1% | 0.76% |
| 2084 | 1.02% | 0.72% |
| 2083 | 1.06% | 0.74% |
| 2082 | 1.04% | 0.78% |
| 2081 | 1.08% | 0.81% |
| 2080 | 1.09% | 0.87% |
| 2079 | 1.13% | 0.86% |
| 2078 | 1.13% | 0.89% |
| 2077 | 1.14% | 0.96% |
| 2076 | 1.2% | 0.97% |
| 2075 | 1.2% | 0.97% |
| 2074 | 1.25% | 0.97% |
| 2073 | 1.27% | 1% |
| 2072 | 1.29% | 1% |
| 2071 | 1.31% | 1.05% |
| 2070 | 1.36% | 1.06% |
| 2069 | 1.36% | 1.02% |
| 2068 | 1.37% | 1.06% |
| 2067 | 1.42% | 1.09% |
| 2066 | 1.43% | 1.14% |
| 2065 | 1.45% | 1.17% |
| 2064 | 1.48% | 1.15% |
| 2063 | 1.53% | 1.17% |
| 2062 | 1.52% | 1.2% |
| 2061 | 1.53% | 1.23% |
| 2060 | 1.55% | 1.29% |
| 2059 | 1.56% | 1.36% |
| 2058 | 1.58% | 1.34% |
| 2057 | 1.6% | 1.36% |
| 2056 | 1.62% | 1.41% |
| 2055 | 1.67% | 1.44% |
| 2054 | 1.69% | 1.44% |
| 2053 | 1.72% | 1.47% |
| 2052 | 1.75% | 1.47% |
| 2051 | 1.77% | 1.48% |
| 2050 | 1.79% | 1.5% |
| 2049 | 1.83% | 1.53% |
| 2048 | 1.88% | 1.53% |
| 2047 | 1.9% | 1.61% |
| 2046 | 1.93% | 1.68% |
| 2045 | 1.95% | 1.73% |
| 2044 | 2.02% | 1.74% |
| 2043 | 2.04% | 1.81% |
| 2042 | 2.1% | 1.82% |
| 2041 | 2.1% | 1.92% |
| 2040 | 2.13% | 1.92% |
| 2039 | 2.16% | 2.03% |
| 2038 | 2.18% | 2.02% |
| 2037 | 2.21% | 2.05% |
| 2036 | 2.23% | 2.07% |
| 2035 | 2.27% | 2.11% |
| 2034 | 2.31% | 2.1% |
| 2033 | 2.32% | 2.22% |
| 2032 | 2.35% | 2.2% |
| 2031 | 2.33% | 2.19% |
| 2030 | 2.33% | 2.21% |
| 2029 | 2.34% | 2.26% |
| 2028 | 2.36% | 2.32% |
| 2027 | 2.35% | 2.35% |
| 2026 | 2.38% | 2.4% |
| 2025 | 2.39% | 2.43% |
| 2024 | 2.43% | 2.43% |
| 2023 | 2.45% | 2.44% |
| 2022 | 2.43% | 2.54% |
| 2021 | 2.42% | 2.47% |
| 2020 | 2.42% | 2.77% |
| 2019 | 2.44% | 3.33% |
| 2018 | 2.47% | 3.46% |
| 2017 | 2.46% | 3.59% |
| 2016 | 2.45% | 3.73% |
| 2015 | 2.45% | 3.86% |
| 2014 | 2.45% | 3.98% |
| 2013 | 2.46% | 4.08% |
| 2012 | 2.84% | 4.16% |
| 2011 | 3.3% | 4.44% |
| 2010 | 4.23% | 4.7% |
| 2009 | 4.08% | 4.72% |
| 2008 | 3.34% | 4.68% |
| 2007 | 3.73% | 4.61% |
| 2006 | 3.81% | 4.54% |
| 2005 | 3.67% | 5.27% |
| 2004 | 3.48% | 6.14% |
| 2003 | 2.83% | 6.25% |
| 2002 | 2.39% | 6.42% |
| 2001 | 3.85% | 6.62% |
| 2000 | 3.91% | 5.41% |
| 1999 | 2.74% | 4.01% |
| 1998 | 2.22% | 3.98% |
| 1997 | 2.16% | 3.94% |
| 1996 | 2.81% | 3.89% |
| 1995 | 2.85% | 3.84% |
| 1994 | 3.01% | 3.8% |
| 1993 | 3% | 3.77% |
| 1992 | 2.87% | 3.77% |
| 1991 | 2.88% | 3.78% |
| 1990 | 2.9% | 3.82% |
| 1989 | 2.93% | 3.9% |
| 1988 | 2.94% | 4.05% |
| 1987 | 2.96% | 4.4% |
| 1986 | 2.98% | 4.98% |
| 1985 | 2.99% | 5.66% |
| 1984 | 2.52% | 6.25% |
| 1983 | 2.09% | 6.58% |
| 1982 | 2.18% | 6.25% |
| 1981 | 2.23% | 5.06% |
| 1980 | 2.26% | 3.14% |
| 1979 | 2.31% | 1.2% |
| 1978 | 2.37% | -0.09% |
| 1977 | 2.42% | -1.51% |
| 1976 | 2.47% | -2.39% |
| 1975 | 2.83% | -2.39% |
| 1974 | 3.17% | -2.42% |
| 1973 | 3.18% | -2.32% |
| 1972 | 3.15% | -2.05% |
| 1971 | 3.11% | -1.52% |
| 1970 | 3.06% | -0.53% |
| 1969 | 3.01% | 1.15% |
| 1968 | 2.96% | 2.26% |
| 1967 | 2.91% | 2.28% |
| 1966 | 2.87% | 2.22% |
| 1965 | 2.81% | 2.16% |
| 1964 | 2.76% | 2.09% |
| 1963 | 2.7% | 2.03% |
| 1962 | 2.65% | 1.96% |
| 1961 | 2.62% | 1.89% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/congo/equatorial-guinea | CC BY
In 2025, the population of the Congo grew by 2.39%, while Equatorial Guinea's population grew by 2.43%.
Live population counters
|
Congo
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
6718789
|
2008950
|
| Population rank | 109/197 | 148/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.08% | 0.02% |
| One net population change |
3.48 minutes
|
11.5 minutes
|
| One birth every |
2.73 minutes
|
9.26 minutes
|
| One death every |
13.3 minutes
|
35.4 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +415 | +126 |
| Annual growth/decline | +151,476 | +45,915 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.39% | +2.43% |
| Population growth rate rank | 31/197 | 29/197 |
| One migration net change every |
2.93 hours
|
2.3 hours
|
| Annual migration change | -2,999 | +3,812 |
| Net migration rank | 108/196 | 53/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 385,589 | 248,930 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 91/195 | 106/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 6.1% | 13.2% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 86/195 | 52/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Congo
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -2,999 | - | 3,812 |
| 2024 | 153,150 | -2,491 | 41,906 | 3,891 |
| 2023 | 150,486 | -995 | 40,140 | 3,997 |
| 2022 | 147,076 | -995 | 39,873 | 3,997 |
| 2021 | 144,241 | -4,476 | 39,160 | 6,493 |
| 2020 | 143,492 | -4,472 | 38,994 | 0 |
| 2019 | 139,513 | -6,268 | 38,894 | 14,695 |
| 2018 | 142,704 | -8,856 | 38,332 | 15,581 |
| 2017 | 141,973 | -11,601 | 37,740 | 16,399 |
| 2016 | 141,358 | -14,783 | 37,180 | 17,107 |
| 2015 | 141,539 | -18,207 | 36,543 | 17,697 |
| 2014 | 141,674 | -21,598 | 35,889 | 18,058 |
| 2013 | 142,080 | -24,605 | 35,158 | 18,106 |
| 2012 | 142,464 | -26,643 | 34,347 | 17,860 |
| 2011 | 140,371 | 5,262 | 33,502 | 17,604 |
| 2010 | 136,908 | 12,318 | 32,368 | 22,027 |
| 2009 | 126,904 | 86,014 | 31,184 | 21,235 |
| 2008 | 120,711 | 1,774 | 29,941 | 19,925 |
| 2007 | 112,459 | 31,239 | 28,672 | 18,433 |
| 2006 | 106,876 | 35,475 | 27,404 | 16,889 |
| 2005 | 101,344 | 38,337 | 26,116 | 15,548 |
| 2004 | 96,577 | 25,412 | 24,666 | 28,578 |
| 2003 | 91,326 | 26,280 | 23,168 | 27,696 |
| 2002 | 88,497 | -16,140 | 21,744 | 27,198 |
| 2001 | 84,876 | -764 | 20,376 | 26,919 |
| 2000 | 78,491 | 79,780 | 19,132 | 26,695 |
| 1999 | 76,204 | 2,470 | 18,465 | 7,846 |
| 1998 | 72,450 | 10,500 | 17,854 | 7,307 |
| 1997 | 66,149 | -20,704 | 17,305 | 6,696 |
| 1996 | 75,628 | 1,085 | 16,802 | 6,003 |
| 1995 | 74,189 | 3,747 | 16,345 | 5,300 |
| 1994 | 72,857 | 1,850 | 15,937 | 4,664 |
| 1993 | 71,119 | 10,218 | 15,459 | 4,175 |
| 1992 | 69,973 | 0 | 15,010 | 3,867 |
| 1991 | 68,534 | 1,966 | 14,581 | 3,642 |
| 1990 | 67,241 | -395 | 14,158 | 3,511 |
| 1989 | 65,944 | 1,214 | 13,724 | 3,545 |
| 1988 | 64,629 | 22 | 13,266 | 3,777 |
| 1987 | 63,183 | 525 | 12,727 | 4,482 |
| 1986 | 61,669 | 367 | 12,061 | 6,317 |
| 1985 | 60,359 | 182 | 11,179 | 8,816 |
| 1984 | 59,028 | 0 | 10,076 | 11,221 |
| 1983 | 58,120 | -18,720 | 8,886 | 12,766 |
| 1982 | 57,036 | -16,664 | 8,182 | 12,568 |
| 1981 | 56,603 | -15,630 | 7,573 | 9,605 |
| 1980 | 55,550 | -14,972 | 7,142 | 4,903 |
| 1979 | 54,723 | -14,378 | 5,786 | -235 |
| 1978 | 53,885 | -13,356 | 5,635 | -4,553 |
| 1977 | 53,179 | -12,673 | 5,550 | -7,131 |
| 1976 | 52,148 | -11,971 | 2,451 | -9,377 |
| 1975 | 51,155 | -10,944 | 4,580 | -11,398 |
| 1974 | 49,563 | -312 | 5,697 | -12,983 |
| 1973 | 48,017 | -22 | 6,508 | -13,875 |
| 1972 | 46,427 | 0 | 6,572 | -13,576 |
| 1971 | 44,431 | 0 | 4,822 | -10,760 |
| 1970 | 42,374 | 0 | 2,715 | -6,499 |
| 1969 | 40,532 | 0 | 2,593 | -2,237 |
| 1968 | 38,786 | 0 | 6,417 | 565 |
| 1967 | 36,866 | 0 | 6,135 | 974 |
| 1966 | 35,452 | 0 | 5,868 | 915 |
| 1965 | 33,865 | 0 | 5,618 | 837 |
| 1964 | 32,270 | 0 | 5,393 | 735 |
| 1963 | 30,832 | 0 | 5,192 | 632 |
| 1962 | 29,342 | 0 | 5,013 | 528 |
| 1961 | 28,220 | 0 | 4,858 | 384 |
| 1960 | 27,094 | 0 | 4,727 | 210 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/congo/equatorial-guinea | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 95.2% of the population change in the Congo is from natural causes (a gain of 1,445,532 people) and 4.82% is from migration (a loss of 73,144 people). In Equatorial Guinea 79.6% is from natural causes (a gain of 388,762 people) and 20.4% is from migration (a gain of 99,857 people).
As of 2024, 385,589 residents or 6.1% of the population were not native-born in the Congo, compared to 248,930 people or 13.2% in Equatorial Guinea.
Biggest cities by population
|
Congo
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Brazzaville | 2.15M |
| Pointe-Noire | 1.42M |
| Kayes | 127K |
| Madingou | 36.2K |
| Gamboma | 26.1K |
| Kinkala | 12.1K |
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Malabo | 297K |
| Bata | 290K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between the Congo and Equatorial Guinea
|
Congo
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 66.4 years | 64.3 years |
| Average age | 24.3 years | 26 years |
| Median age | 19.6 years | 22 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50:50 | 52.7:47.3 |
| Fertility rate | 4.11 births per woman | 4.12 births per woman |
| Population density | 50.3 ppl/mi² | 183.3 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/congo/equatorial-guinea | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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