The latest officially reported population of Mexico was 131,946,900 in 2025 vs 27,917,831 people in Niger in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Mexico's population is 133,551,566 people compared to 29,294,628 in Niger.
Population statistics:
- Mexico's population is 4.56 times bigger than Niger's.
- Mexico is ranked the 11th most populous country in the world, while Niger is the 53rd.
- The countries together account for 1.96% of the world: 1.61% for Mexico vs 0.35% for Niger.
- For the last 10 years, Mexico has had an average growth rate of +0.88% per year vs +3.45% in Niger.
- Since 2006, the population of Mexico has increased from 107M people to 134M (24.5% growth), while Niger has grown from 14.3M to 29.3M (105.3% growth).
Mexico vs Niger: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Mexico
|
Niger
|
|
| 2100 | 131,158,772 | 92,119,820 |
| 2099 | 131,919,278 | 91,758,864 |
| 2098 | 132,676,226 | 91,380,105 |
| 2097 | 133,430,730 | 90,979,507 |
| 2096 | 134,179,811 | 90,560,194 |
| 2095 | 134,924,667 | 90,121,433 |
| 2094 | 135,662,399 | 89,665,016 |
| 2093 | 136,390,414 | 89,186,290 |
| 2092 | 137,102,695 | 88,687,247 |
| 2091 | 137,808,909 | 88,169,255 |
| 2090 | 138,501,995 | 87,632,134 |
| 2089 | 139,183,536 | 87,075,435 |
| 2088 | 139,849,476 | 86,497,532 |
| 2087 | 140,504,916 | 85,901,116 |
| 2086 | 141,148,688 | 85,285,801 |
| 2085 | 141,779,696 | 84,648,237 |
| 2084 | 142,390,038 | 83,990,034 |
| 2083 | 142,983,168 | 83,310,768 |
| 2082 | 143,553,646 | 82,611,309 |
| 2081 | 144,112,618 | 81,895,814 |
| 2080 | 144,651,130 | 81,159,765 |
| 2079 | 145,168,756 | 80,409,054 |
| 2078 | 145,664,735 | 79,639,286 |
| 2077 | 146,138,472 | 78,852,089 |
| 2076 | 146,589,999 | 78,045,772 |
| 2075 | 147,020,176 | 77,223,494 |
| 2074 | 147,428,934 | 76,387,922 |
| 2073 | 147,814,398 | 75,535,687 |
| 2072 | 148,174,180 | 74,667,410 |
| 2071 | 148,507,034 | 73,784,579 |
| 2070 | 148,821,087 | 72,888,455 |
| 2069 | 149,107,578 | 71,975,811 |
| 2068 | 149,368,537 | 71,050,594 |
| 2067 | 149,603,163 | 70,111,034 |
| 2066 | 149,814,864 | 69,159,115 |
| 2065 | 150,001,973 | 68,199,397 |
| 2064 | 150,160,667 | 67,226,153 |
| 2063 | 150,292,498 | 66,242,857 |
| 2062 | 150,396,857 | 65,249,357 |
| 2061 | 150,474,868 | 64,246,142 |
| 2060 | 150,528,257 | 63,236,587 |
| 2059 | 150,549,825 | 62,219,239 |
| 2058 | 150,541,650 | 61,193,260 |
| 2057 | 150,507,950 | 60,161,411 |
| 2056 | 150,447,865 | 59,126,596 |
| 2055 | 150,356,976 | 58,084,470 |
| 2054 | 150,235,899 | 57,038,192 |
| 2053 | 150,083,305 | 55,989,073 |
| 2052 | 149,896,641 | 54,940,685 |
| 2051 | 149,677,830 | 53,889,624 |
| 2050 | 149,423,583 | 52,841,076 |
| 2049 | 149,138,900 | 51,793,560 |
| 2048 | 148,809,771 | 50,746,939 |
| 2047 | 148,451,951 | 49,703,518 |
| 2046 | 148,054,747 | 48,661,960 |
| 2045 | 147,620,456 | 47,622,548 |
| 2044 | 147,146,325 | 46,586,941 |
| 2043 | 146,641,077 | 45,557,790 |
| 2042 | 146,096,981 | 44,531,886 |
| 2041 | 145,517,171 | 43,511,370 |
| 2040 | 144,905,265 | 42,494,381 |
| 2039 | 144,260,027 | 41,482,338 |
| 2038 | 143,575,746 | 40,472,234 |
| 2037 | 142,857,009 | 39,463,944 |
| 2036 | 142,113,069 | 38,459,660 |
| 2035 | 141,334,167 | 37,458,584 |
| 2034 | 140,529,082 | 36,465,688 |
| 2033 | 139,687,630 | 35,476,260 |
| 2032 | 138,818,384 | 34,497,489 |
| 2031 | 137,922,237 | 33,527,117 |
| 2030 | 136,998,375 | 32,563,547 |
| 2029 | 136,046,964 | 31,610,576 |
| 2028 | 135,066,178 | 30,670,274 |
| 2027 | 134,056,943 | 29,741,014 |
| 2026 | 133,017,798 | 28,823,166 |
| 2025 | 131,946,900 | 27,917,831 |
| 2024 | 130,861,007 | 27,032,412 |
| 2023 | 129,739,759 | 26,159,867 |
| 2022 | 128,613,117 | 25,311,973 |
| 2021 | 127,648,148 | 24,502,140 |
| 2020 | 126,799,054 | 23,717,613 |
| 2019 | 125,762,982 | 22,947,757 |
| 2018 | 124,573,711 | 22,188,069 |
| 2017 | 123,400,057 | 21,435,446 |
| 2016 | 122,251,351 | 20,685,753 |
| 2015 | 121,072,306 | 19,939,498 |
| 2014 | 119,784,261 | 19,215,909 |
| 2013 | 118,343,573 | 18,519,898 |
| 2012 | 116,818,208 | 17,836,769 |
| 2011 | 115,243,504 | 17,176,283 |
| 2010 | 113,623,895 | 16,548,835 |
| 2009 | 111,999,721 | 15,943,675 |
| 2008 | 110,374,288 | 15,361,915 |
| 2007 | 108,774,360 | 14,803,610 |
| 2006 | 107,253,666 | 14,268,581 |
| 2005 | 105,811,504 | 13,756,192 |
| 2004 | 104,394,131 | 13,265,836 |
| 2003 | 102,978,515 | 12,796,984 |
| 2002 | 101,548,624 | 12,349,144 |
| 2001 | 100,099,099 | 11,920,647 |
| 2000 | 98,625,552 | 11,509,630 |
| 1999 | 97,115,707 | 11,117,411 |
| 1998 | 95,575,245 | 10,741,413 |
| 1997 | 94,021,207 | 10,383,969 |
| 1996 | 92,452,702 | 10,044,852 |
| 1995 | 90,862,455 | 9,714,529 |
| 1994 | 89,259,205 | 9,398,258 |
| 1993 | 87,653,807 | 9,100,789 |
| 1992 | 86,044,809 | 8,817,633 |
| 1991 | 84,430,572 | 8,546,900 |
| 1990 | 82,820,170 | 8,286,059 |
| 1989 | 81,247,182 | 8,034,780 |
| 1988 | 79,695,531 | 7,793,748 |
| 1987 | 78,136,651 | 7,561,150 |
| 1986 | 76,585,637 | 7,335,811 |
| 1985 | 75,043,414 | 7,118,457 |
| 1984 | 73,506,846 | 6,909,971 |
| 1983 | 71,971,240 | 6,708,644 |
| 1982 | 70,433,260 | 6,512,732 |
| 1981 | 68,892,108 | 6,322,006 |
| 1980 | 67,300,334 | 6,135,971 |
| 1979 | 65,648,865 | 5,955,556 |
| 1978 | 63,979,046 | 5,782,932 |
| 1977 | 62,308,493 | 5,619,716 |
| 1976 | 60,645,512 | 5,464,962 |
| 1975 | 58,982,400 | 5,317,019 |
| 1974 | 57,320,149 | 5,174,953 |
| 1973 | 55,667,284 | 5,037,865 |
| 1972 | 54,030,168 | 4,904,845 |
| 1971 | 52,412,558 | 4,776,225 |
| 1970 | 50,814,953 | 4,650,275 |
| 1969 | 49,233,194 | 4,525,725 |
| 1968 | 47,668,303 | 4,403,637 |
| 1967 | 46,129,608 | 4,283,590 |
| 1966 | 44,629,106 | 4,165,544 |
| 1965 | 43,174,477 | 4,049,695 |
| 1964 | 41,772,049 | 3,935,814 |
| 1963 | 40,424,065 | 3,823,873 |
| 1962 | 39,129,200 | 3,714,520 |
| 1961 | 37,890,118 | 3,608,162 |
| 1960 | 36,724,615 | 3,505,050 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mexico/niger | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Mexico increased by 14,997,685 people (a 14% growth), while Niger gained 6,417,172 people (a 45% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Mexico gained 11,300,215 people (a 9.24% growth), while Niger's population increased by 8,608,875 people (a 41.6% growth).
Mexico was ranked 11th most populous country in 2006 and is still 11th in 2026. Niger was ranked 64th in 2006 and ranked 53rd now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Mexico's population will grow by 11.9% to 149,423,583 people with a rank change from 11th to 12th. The population of Niger will increase by 80.4% to 52,841,076 people and rank change from 53rd to 38th.
Mexico is projected to reach its peak in 2059 at 151M people compared to the peak of 92.1M people in 2100 for Niger.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Mexico
|
Niger
|
|
| 2100 | -0.58% | 0.39% |
| 2099 | -0.57% | 0.41% |
| 2098 | -0.57% | 0.44% |
| 2097 | -0.56% | 0.46% |
| 2096 | -0.55% | 0.49% |
| 2095 | -0.54% | 0.51% |
| 2094 | -0.53% | 0.54% |
| 2093 | -0.52% | 0.56% |
| 2092 | -0.51% | 0.59% |
| 2091 | -0.5% | 0.61% |
| 2090 | -0.49% | 0.64% |
| 2089 | -0.48% | 0.67% |
| 2088 | -0.47% | 0.69% |
| 2087 | -0.46% | 0.72% |
| 2086 | -0.45% | 0.75% |
| 2085 | -0.43% | 0.78% |
| 2084 | -0.41% | 0.82% |
| 2083 | -0.4% | 0.85% |
| 2082 | -0.39% | 0.87% |
| 2081 | -0.37% | 0.91% |
| 2080 | -0.36% | 0.93% |
| 2079 | -0.34% | 0.97% |
| 2078 | -0.32% | 1% |
| 2077 | -0.31% | 1.03% |
| 2076 | -0.29% | 1.06% |
| 2075 | -0.28% | 1.09% |
| 2074 | -0.26% | 1.13% |
| 2073 | -0.24% | 1.16% |
| 2072 | -0.22% | 1.2% |
| 2071 | -0.21% | 1.23% |
| 2070 | -0.19% | 1.27% |
| 2069 | -0.17% | 1.3% |
| 2068 | -0.16% | 1.34% |
| 2067 | -0.14% | 1.38% |
| 2066 | -0.12% | 1.41% |
| 2065 | -0.11% | 1.45% |
| 2064 | -0.09% | 1.48% |
| 2063 | -0.07% | 1.52% |
| 2062 | -0.05% | 1.56% |
| 2061 | -0.04% | 1.6% |
| 2060 | -0.01% | 1.64% |
| 2059 | 0.005% | 1.68% |
| 2058 | 0.02% | 1.72% |
| 2057 | 0.04% | 1.75% |
| 2056 | 0.06% | 1.79% |
| 2055 | 0.08% | 1.83% |
| 2054 | 0.1% | 1.87% |
| 2053 | 0.12% | 1.91% |
| 2052 | 0.15% | 1.95% |
| 2051 | 0.17% | 1.98% |
| 2050 | 0.19% | 2.02% |
| 2049 | 0.22% | 2.06% |
| 2048 | 0.24% | 2.1% |
| 2047 | 0.27% | 2.14% |
| 2046 | 0.29% | 2.18% |
| 2045 | 0.32% | 2.22% |
| 2044 | 0.34% | 2.26% |
| 2043 | 0.37% | 2.3% |
| 2042 | 0.4% | 2.35% |
| 2041 | 0.42% | 2.39% |
| 2040 | 0.45% | 2.44% |
| 2039 | 0.48% | 2.5% |
| 2038 | 0.5% | 2.55% |
| 2037 | 0.52% | 2.61% |
| 2036 | 0.55% | 2.67% |
| 2035 | 0.57% | 2.72% |
| 2034 | 0.6% | 2.79% |
| 2033 | 0.63% | 2.84% |
| 2032 | 0.65% | 2.89% |
| 2031 | 0.67% | 2.96% |
| 2030 | 0.7% | 3.01% |
| 2029 | 0.73% | 3.07% |
| 2028 | 0.75% | 3.12% |
| 2027 | 0.78% | 3.18% |
| 2026 | 0.81% | 3.24% |
| 2025 | 0.83% | 3.28% |
| 2024 | 0.86% | 3.34% |
| 2023 | 0.88% | 3.35% |
| 2022 | 0.76% | 3.31% |
| 2021 | 0.67% | 3.31% |
| 2020 | 0.82% | 3.35% |
| 2019 | 0.95% | 3.42% |
| 2018 | 0.95% | 3.51% |
| 2017 | 0.94% | 3.62% |
| 2016 | 0.97% | 3.74% |
| 2015 | 1.08% | 3.77% |
| 2014 | 1.22% | 3.76% |
| 2013 | 1.31% | 3.83% |
| 2012 | 1.37% | 3.85% |
| 2011 | 1.43% | 3.79% |
| 2010 | 1.45% | 3.8% |
| 2009 | 1.47% | 3.79% |
| 2008 | 1.47% | 3.77% |
| 2007 | 1.42% | 3.75% |
| 2006 | 1.36% | 3.72% |
| 2005 | 1.36% | 3.7% |
| 2004 | 1.37% | 3.66% |
| 2003 | 1.41% | 3.63% |
| 2002 | 1.45% | 3.59% |
| 2001 | 1.49% | 3.57% |
| 2000 | 1.55% | 3.53% |
| 1999 | 1.61% | 3.5% |
| 1998 | 1.65% | 3.44% |
| 1997 | 1.7% | 3.38% |
| 1996 | 1.75% | 3.4% |
| 1995 | 1.8% | 3.37% |
| 1994 | 1.83% | 3.27% |
| 1993 | 1.87% | 3.21% |
| 1992 | 1.91% | 3.17% |
| 1991 | 1.94% | 3.15% |
| 1990 | 1.94% | 3.13% |
| 1989 | 1.95% | 3.09% |
| 1988 | 2% | 3.08% |
| 1987 | 2.03% | 3.07% |
| 1986 | 2.06% | 3.05% |
| 1985 | 2.09% | 3.02% |
| 1984 | 2.13% | 3% |
| 1983 | 2.18% | 3.01% |
| 1982 | 2.24% | 3.02% |
| 1981 | 2.37% | 3.03% |
| 1980 | 2.52% | 3.03% |
| 1979 | 2.61% | 2.99% |
| 1978 | 2.68% | 2.9% |
| 1977 | 2.74% | 2.83% |
| 1976 | 2.82% | 2.78% |
| 1975 | 2.9% | 2.75% |
| 1974 | 2.97% | 2.72% |
| 1973 | 3.03% | 2.71% |
| 1972 | 3.09% | 2.69% |
| 1971 | 3.14% | 2.71% |
| 1970 | 3.21% | 2.75% |
| 1969 | 3.28% | 2.77% |
| 1968 | 3.34% | 2.8% |
| 1967 | 3.36% | 2.83% |
| 1966 | 3.37% | 2.86% |
| 1965 | 3.36% | 2.89% |
| 1964 | 3.33% | 2.93% |
| 1963 | 3.31% | 2.94% |
| 1962 | 3.27% | 2.95% |
| 1961 | 3.17% | 2.94% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mexico/niger | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Mexico grew by 0.83%, while Niger's population grew by 3.28%.
Live population counters
|
Mexico
|
Niger
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
133551566
|
29294628
|
| Population rank | 11/197 | 53/197 |
| Percent of world population | 1.61% | 0.35% |
| One net population change |
29.1 seconds
|
35.7 seconds
|
| One birth every |
15.6 seconds
|
28.2 seconds
|
| One death every |
38.8 seconds
|
2.23 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +2,975 | +2,426 |
| Annual growth/decline | +1,085,893 | +885,419 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.83% | +3.28% |
| Population growth rate rank | 109/197 | 9/197 |
| One migration net change every |
4.88 minutes
|
1.14 hours
|
| Annual migration change | -108,037 | -7,704 |
| Net migration rank | 181/196 | 126/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 1,726,089 | 449,236 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 42/195 | 85/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 1.3% | 1.7% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 149/195 | 140/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mexico
|
Niger
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -108,037 | - | -7,704 |
| 2024 | 1,209,810 | -104,581 | 883,987 | -4,041 |
| 2023 | 1,238,366 | -101,044 | 864,139 | 995 |
| 2022 | 1,224,397 | -108,438 | 829,651 | 995 |
| 2021 | 936,682 | -122,791 | 793,428 | -4,405 |
| 2020 | 1,031,637 | -147,456 | 784,437 | -4,402 |
| 2019 | 1,357,485 | -169,628 | 775,474 | -15,778 |
| 2018 | 1,366,076 | -175,356 | 763,536 | -3,830 |
| 2017 | 1,384,178 | -227,499 | 752,384 | -6,830 |
| 2016 | 1,445,256 | -304,472 | 738,999 | 14,833 |
| 2015 | 1,508,439 | -291,044 | 721,630 | 17,051 |
| 2014 | 1,587,620 | -228,816 | 704,609 | 3,891 |
| 2013 | 1,642,609 | -120,058 | 686,070 | -2,543 |
| 2012 | 1,656,599 | -128,485 | 664,009 | 18,714 |
| 2011 | 1,659,161 | -37,826 | 645,175 | -6,941 |
| 2010 | 1,658,682 | -40,845 | 624,685 | -8,033 |
| 2009 | 1,661,180 | -30,809 | 602,671 | -9,014 |
| 2008 | 1,670,846 | -50,347 | 579,727 | -9,847 |
| 2007 | 1,684,915 | -105,524 | 556,808 | -10,069 |
| 2006 | 1,706,084 | -244,140 | 533,374 | -10,054 |
| 2005 | 1,732,663 | -310,278 | 511,167 | -9,700 |
| 2004 | 1,759,250 | -346,912 | 488,328 | -9,070 |
| 2003 | 1,788,016 | -369,183 | 467,295 | -8,841 |
| 2002 | 1,820,665 | -379,812 | 446,767 | -9,550 |
| 2001 | 1,836,418 | -378,348 | 428,417 | -8,654 |
| 2000 | 1,845,383 | -356,433 | 410,779 | -8,522 |
| 1999 | 1,859,475 | -328,773 | 394,212 | -12,037 |
| 1998 | 1,871,650 | -321,385 | 377,120 | -7,298 |
| 1997 | 1,898,383 | -340,546 | 358,745 | -13,680 |
| 1996 | 1,922,554 | -343,399 | 341,223 | -8,057 |
| 1995 | 1,941,458 | -340,091 | 323,630 | 3,843 |
| 1994 | 1,959,775 | -354,573 | 306,026 | -959 |
| 1993 | 1,963,708 | -358,039 | 292,135 | -2,269 |
| 1992 | 1,956,659 | -344,313 | 278,690 | -2,258 |
| 1991 | 1,942,832 | -326,691 | 266,527 | -1,500 |
| 1990 | 1,926,480 | -321,764 | 256,594 | 73 |
| 1989 | 1,927,752 | -386,467 | 245,278 | 613 |
| 1988 | 1,936,601 | -374,544 | 237,296 | -1,139 |
| 1987 | 1,971,231 | -415,521 | 231,371 | -2,338 |
| 1986 | 1,998,043 | -451,756 | 224,365 | -2,728 |
| 1985 | 1,983,622 | -445,447 | 219,206 | -6,126 |
| 1984 | 1,960,428 | -425,467 | 213,111 | -9,208 |
| 1983 | 1,939,193 | -402,937 | 207,962 | -9,209 |
| 1982 | 1,921,772 | -382,048 | 202,012 | -8,935 |
| 1981 | 1,904,384 | -361,791 | 195,938 | -7,559 |
| 1980 | 1,893,158 | -252,177 | 189,251 | -5,564 |
| 1979 | 1,908,018 | -246,034 | 180,632 | -3,495 |
| 1978 | 1,921,419 | -243,714 | 171,614 | -3,494 |
| 1977 | 1,902,964 | -239,521 | 161,792 | -3,476 |
| 1976 | 1,891,958 | -229,450 | 154,489 | -3,308 |
| 1975 | 1,880,241 | -216,556 | 147,962 | -3,254 |
| 1974 | 1,868,809 | -207,995 | 142,606 | -3,179 |
| 1973 | 1,845,593 | -200,688 | 137,695 | -2,942 |
| 1972 | 1,823,302 | -193,965 | 133,813 | -2,525 |
| 1971 | 1,790,990 | -185,062 | 128,223 | -2,277 |
| 1970 | 1,753,370 | -164,100 | 128,184 | -2,225 |
| 1969 | 1,711,297 | -137,051 | 125,389 | -2,245 |
| 1968 | 1,671,918 | -116,358 | 123,301 | -2,277 |
| 1967 | 1,620,534 | -98,680 | 121,358 | -2,289 |
| 1966 | 1,566,170 | -87,018 | 119,314 | -2,289 |
| 1965 | 1,508,344 | -78,288 | 116,963 | -2,289 |
| 1964 | 1,447,360 | -72,581 | 115,386 | -2,289 |
| 1963 | 1,387,678 | -66,515 | 113,072 | -2,289 |
| 1962 | 1,328,319 | -59,833 | 110,280 | -2,369 |
| 1961 | 1,265,833 | -56,174 | 107,693 | -2,893 |
| 1960 | 1,206,955 | -85,591 | 105,081 | -3,641 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mexico/niger | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 87.9% of the population change in Mexico is from natural causes (a gain of 12,702,326 people) and 12.1% is from migration (a loss of 1,752,309 people). In Niger 99.9% is from natural causes (a gain of 7,907,665 people) and 0.07% is from migration (a loss of 5,412 people).
As of 2024, 1,726,089 residents or 1.3% of the population were not native-born in Mexico, compared to 449,236 people or 1.7% in Niger.
Biggest cities by population
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Population differences between Mexico and Niger
|
Mexico
|
Niger
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 75.6 years | 61.9 years |
| Average age | 33 years | 21.3 years |
| Median age | 30.6 years | 16.7 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 48.5:51.5 | 50.8:49.2 |
| Fertility rate | 1.89 births per woman | 5.94 births per woman |
| Population density | 177.2 ppl/mi² | 58.9 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mexico/niger | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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