The latest officially reported population of Niger was 27,032,412 in 2024 vs 64,007,187 people in South Africa in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Niger's population is 29,080,898 people compared to 65,683,993 in South Africa.
Population statistics:
- South Africa's population is 2.26 times bigger than Niger's.
- Niger is ranked the 53rd most populous country in the world, while South Africa is the 24th.
- The countries together account for 1.14% of the world: 0.35% for Niger vs 0.79% for South Africa.
- For the last 10 years, Niger has had an average growth rate of +3.5% per year vs +1.44% in South Africa.
- Since 2006, the population of Niger has increased from 14.3M people to 29.1M (103.8% growth), while South Africa has grown from 50M to 65.7M (31.4% growth).
Niger vs South Africa: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Niger
|
South Africa
|
|
| 2100 | 92,149,803 | 94,767,727 |
| 2099 | 91,788,730 | 94,556,931 |
| 2098 | 91,409,848 | 94,349,546 |
| 2097 | 91,009,119 | 94,158,472 |
| 2096 | 90,589,670 | 93,960,605 |
| 2095 | 90,150,766 | 93,752,736 |
| 2094 | 89,694,201 | 93,527,902 |
| 2093 | 89,215,318 | 93,300,398 |
| 2092 | 88,716,114 | 93,074,837 |
| 2091 | 88,197,952 | 92,826,204 |
| 2090 | 87,660,657 | 92,594,033 |
| 2089 | 87,103,777 | 92,355,184 |
| 2088 | 86,525,686 | 92,112,914 |
| 2087 | 85,929,075 | 91,866,024 |
| 2086 | 85,313,560 | 91,614,165 |
| 2085 | 84,675,788 | 91,385,350 |
| 2084 | 84,017,371 | 91,139,318 |
| 2083 | 83,337,884 | 90,877,425 |
| 2082 | 82,638,198 | 90,615,359 |
| 2081 | 81,922,470 | 90,345,492 |
| 2080 | 81,186,181 | 90,071,835 |
| 2079 | 80,435,226 | 89,801,998 |
| 2078 | 79,665,207 | 89,526,224 |
| 2077 | 78,877,754 | 89,249,206 |
| 2076 | 78,071,174 | 88,986,114 |
| 2075 | 77,248,629 | 88,713,215 |
| 2074 | 76,412,785 | 88,428,616 |
| 2073 | 75,560,272 | 88,149,885 |
| 2072 | 74,691,713 | 87,866,246 |
| 2071 | 73,808,594 | 87,540,177 |
| 2070 | 72,912,178 | 87,209,425 |
| 2069 | 71,999,238 | 86,901,512 |
| 2068 | 71,073,720 | 86,588,742 |
| 2067 | 70,133,854 | 86,268,392 |
| 2066 | 69,181,625 | 85,935,310 |
| 2065 | 68,221,595 | 85,604,376 |
| 2064 | 67,248,034 | 85,244,950 |
| 2063 | 66,264,418 | 84,875,503 |
| 2062 | 65,270,595 | 84,503,237 |
| 2061 | 64,267,053 | 84,132,885 |
| 2060 | 63,257,169 | 83,748,999 |
| 2059 | 62,239,490 | 83,354,923 |
| 2058 | 61,213,177 | 82,947,675 |
| 2057 | 60,180,993 | 82,538,045 |
| 2056 | 59,145,841 | 82,127,477 |
| 2055 | 58,103,375 | 81,698,196 |
| 2054 | 57,056,756 | 81,255,867 |
| 2053 | 56,007,297 | 80,818,632 |
| 2052 | 54,958,567 | 80,367,409 |
| 2051 | 53,907,164 | 79,886,672 |
| 2050 | 52,858,275 | 79,411,977 |
| 2049 | 51,810,418 | 78,925,493 |
| 2048 | 50,763,456 | 78,437,677 |
| 2047 | 49,719,695 | 77,922,211 |
| 2046 | 48,677,799 | 77,397,298 |
| 2045 | 47,638,048 | 76,879,838 |
| 2044 | 46,602,104 | 76,357,155 |
| 2043 | 45,572,618 | 75,827,709 |
| 2042 | 44,546,381 | 75,291,615 |
| 2041 | 43,525,533 | 74,748,408 |
| 2040 | 42,508,212 | 74,205,530 |
| 2039 | 41,495,840 | 73,663,047 |
| 2038 | 40,485,407 | 73,105,930 |
| 2037 | 39,476,789 | 72,532,742 |
| 2036 | 38,472,178 | 71,956,247 |
| 2035 | 37,470,776 | 71,362,555 |
| 2034 | 36,477,557 | 70,762,815 |
| 2033 | 35,487,806 | 70,153,205 |
| 2032 | 34,508,717 | 69,527,410 |
| 2031 | 33,538,029 | 68,890,002 |
| 2030 | 32,574,145 | 68,245,372 |
| 2029 | 31,620,865 | 67,573,179 |
| 2028 | 30,680,257 | 66,884,377 |
| 2027 | 29,750,695 | 66,190,258 |
| 2026 | 28,832,547 | 65,496,277 |
| 2025 | 27,926,917 | 64,770,314 |
| 2024 | 27,032,412 | 64,007,187 |
| 2023 | 26,159,867 | 63,212,384 |
| 2022 | 25,311,973 | 62,378,410 |
| 2021 | 24,502,140 | 61,502,603 |
| 2020 | 23,717,613 | 60,562,381 |
| 2019 | 22,947,757 | 59,587,885 |
| 2018 | 22,188,069 | 58,613,001 |
| 2017 | 21,435,446 | 57,635,162 |
| 2016 | 20,685,753 | 57,259,551 |
| 2015 | 19,939,498 | 56,723,537 |
| 2014 | 19,215,909 | 55,594,838 |
| 2013 | 18,519,898 | 54,678,791 |
| 2012 | 17,836,769 | 53,782,567 |
| 2011 | 17,176,283 | 52,995,205 |
| 2010 | 16,548,835 | 52,344,051 |
| 2009 | 15,943,675 | 51,728,516 |
| 2008 | 15,361,915 | 51,114,599 |
| 2007 | 14,803,610 | 50,528,584 |
| 2006 | 14,268,581 | 49,998,277 |
| 2005 | 13,756,192 | 49,490,033 |
| 2004 | 13,265,836 | 48,991,421 |
| 2003 | 12,796,984 | 48,500,348 |
| 2002 | 12,349,144 | 48,019,415 |
| 2001 | 11,920,647 | 47,566,800 |
| 2000 | 11,509,630 | 47,159,719 |
| 1999 | 11,117,411 | 46,730,335 |
| 1998 | 10,741,413 | 46,223,880 |
| 1997 | 10,383,969 | 45,666,838 |
| 1996 | 10,044,852 | 45,123,018 |
| 1995 | 9,714,529 | 44,541,554 |
| 1994 | 9,398,258 | 44,004,139 |
| 1993 | 9,100,789 | 43,297,156 |
| 1992 | 8,817,633 | 42,443,509 |
| 1991 | 8,546,900 | 41,687,898 |
| 1990 | 8,286,059 | 40,746,268 |
| 1989 | 8,034,780 | 39,628,575 |
| 1988 | 7,793,748 | 38,480,649 |
| 1987 | 7,561,150 | 37,326,190 |
| 1986 | 7,335,811 | 36,180,515 |
| 1985 | 7,118,457 | 35,042,093 |
| 1984 | 6,909,971 | 33,892,788 |
| 1983 | 6,708,644 | 32,739,304 |
| 1982 | 6,512,732 | 31,615,339 |
| 1981 | 6,322,006 | 30,541,044 |
| 1980 | 6,135,971 | 29,518,857 |
| 1979 | 5,955,556 | 28,634,162 |
| 1978 | 5,782,932 | 27,869,507 |
| 1977 | 5,619,716 | 27,118,952 |
| 1976 | 5,464,962 | 26,395,450 |
| 1975 | 5,317,019 | 25,690,940 |
| 1974 | 5,174,953 | 24,989,108 |
| 1973 | 5,037,865 | 24,294,263 |
| 1972 | 4,904,845 | 23,609,456 |
| 1971 | 4,776,225 | 22,942,143 |
| 1970 | 4,650,275 | 22,279,984 |
| 1969 | 4,525,725 | 21,614,676 |
| 1968 | 4,403,637 | 20,957,287 |
| 1967 | 4,283,590 | 20,314,066 |
| 1966 | 4,165,544 | 19,690,087 |
| 1965 | 4,049,695 | 19,089,380 |
| 1964 | 3,935,814 | 18,511,361 |
| 1963 | 3,823,873 | 17,954,564 |
| 1962 | 3,714,520 | 17,418,522 |
| 1961 | 3,608,162 | 16,908,035 |
| 1960 | 3,505,050 | 16,440,172 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/niger/south-africa | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Niger increased by 6,417,172 people (a 45% growth), while South Africa gained 7,261,274 people (a 14.5% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Niger gained 8,395,145 people (a 40.6% growth), while South Africa's population increased by 8,424,442 people (a 14.7% growth).
Niger was ranked 64th most populous country in 2006 and is 53rd in 2026. South Africa was ranked 24th in 2006 and still ranked 24th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Niger's population will grow by 81.8% to 52,858,275 people with a rank change from 53rd to 38th. The population of South Africa will increase by 20.9% to 79,411,977 people and rank change from 24th to 23rd.
Niger is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 92.1M people compared to the peak of 94.8M people in 2100 for South Africa.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Niger
|
South Africa
|
|
| 2100 | 0.39% | 0.22% |
| 2099 | 0.41% | 0.22% |
| 2098 | 0.44% | 0.2% |
| 2097 | 0.46% | 0.21% |
| 2096 | 0.49% | 0.22% |
| 2095 | 0.51% | 0.24% |
| 2094 | 0.54% | 0.24% |
| 2093 | 0.56% | 0.24% |
| 2092 | 0.59% | 0.27% |
| 2091 | 0.61% | 0.25% |
| 2090 | 0.64% | 0.26% |
| 2089 | 0.67% | 0.26% |
| 2088 | 0.69% | 0.27% |
| 2087 | 0.72% | 0.27% |
| 2086 | 0.75% | 0.25% |
| 2085 | 0.78% | 0.27% |
| 2084 | 0.82% | 0.29% |
| 2083 | 0.85% | 0.29% |
| 2082 | 0.87% | 0.3% |
| 2081 | 0.91% | 0.3% |
| 2080 | 0.93% | 0.3% |
| 2079 | 0.97% | 0.31% |
| 2078 | 1% | 0.31% |
| 2077 | 1.03% | 0.3% |
| 2076 | 1.06% | 0.31% |
| 2075 | 1.09% | 0.32% |
| 2074 | 1.13% | 0.32% |
| 2073 | 1.16% | 0.32% |
| 2072 | 1.2% | 0.37% |
| 2071 | 1.23% | 0.38% |
| 2070 | 1.27% | 0.35% |
| 2069 | 1.3% | 0.36% |
| 2068 | 1.34% | 0.37% |
| 2067 | 1.38% | 0.39% |
| 2066 | 1.41% | 0.39% |
| 2065 | 1.45% | 0.42% |
| 2064 | 1.48% | 0.44% |
| 2063 | 1.52% | 0.44% |
| 2062 | 1.56% | 0.44% |
| 2061 | 1.6% | 0.46% |
| 2060 | 1.64% | 0.47% |
| 2059 | 1.68% | 0.49% |
| 2058 | 1.72% | 0.5% |
| 2057 | 1.75% | 0.5% |
| 2056 | 1.79% | 0.53% |
| 2055 | 1.83% | 0.54% |
| 2054 | 1.87% | 0.54% |
| 2053 | 1.91% | 0.56% |
| 2052 | 1.95% | 0.6% |
| 2051 | 1.98% | 0.6% |
| 2050 | 2.02% | 0.62% |
| 2049 | 2.06% | 0.62% |
| 2048 | 2.1% | 0.66% |
| 2047 | 2.14% | 0.68% |
| 2046 | 2.18% | 0.67% |
| 2045 | 2.22% | 0.68% |
| 2044 | 2.26% | 0.7% |
| 2043 | 2.3% | 0.71% |
| 2042 | 2.35% | 0.73% |
| 2041 | 2.39% | 0.73% |
| 2040 | 2.44% | 0.74% |
| 2039 | 2.5% | 0.76% |
| 2038 | 2.55% | 0.79% |
| 2037 | 2.61% | 0.8% |
| 2036 | 2.67% | 0.83% |
| 2035 | 2.72% | 0.85% |
| 2034 | 2.79% | 0.87% |
| 2033 | 2.84% | 0.9% |
| 2032 | 2.89% | 0.93% |
| 2031 | 2.96% | 0.94% |
| 2030 | 3.01% | 0.99% |
| 2029 | 3.07% | 1.03% |
| 2028 | 3.12% | 1.05% |
| 2027 | 3.18% | 1.06% |
| 2026 | 3.24% | 1.12% |
| 2025 | 3.31% | 1.19% |
| 2024 | 3.34% | 1.26% |
| 2023 | 3.35% | 1.34% |
| 2022 | 3.31% | 1.42% |
| 2021 | 3.31% | 1.55% |
| 2020 | 3.35% | 1.64% |
| 2019 | 3.42% | 1.66% |
| 2018 | 3.51% | 1.7% |
| 2017 | 3.62% | 0.66% |
| 2016 | 3.74% | 0.94% |
| 2015 | 3.77% | 2.03% |
| 2014 | 3.76% | 1.68% |
| 2013 | 3.83% | 1.67% |
| 2012 | 3.85% | 1.49% |
| 2011 | 3.79% | 1.24% |
| 2010 | 3.8% | 1.19% |
| 2009 | 3.79% | 1.2% |
| 2008 | 3.77% | 1.16% |
| 2007 | 3.75% | 1.06% |
| 2006 | 3.72% | 1.03% |
| 2005 | 3.7% | 1.02% |
| 2004 | 3.66% | 1.01% |
| 2003 | 3.63% | 1% |
| 2002 | 3.59% | 0.95% |
| 2001 | 3.57% | 0.86% |
| 2000 | 3.53% | 0.92% |
| 1999 | 3.5% | 1.1% |
| 1998 | 3.44% | 1.22% |
| 1997 | 3.38% | 1.21% |
| 1996 | 3.4% | 1.31% |
| 1995 | 3.37% | 1.22% |
| 1994 | 3.27% | 1.63% |
| 1993 | 3.21% | 2.01% |
| 1992 | 3.17% | 1.81% |
| 1991 | 3.15% | 2.31% |
| 1990 | 3.13% | 2.82% |
| 1989 | 3.09% | 2.98% |
| 1988 | 3.08% | 3.09% |
| 1987 | 3.07% | 3.17% |
| 1986 | 3.05% | 3.25% |
| 1985 | 3.02% | 3.39% |
| 1984 | 3% | 3.52% |
| 1983 | 3.01% | 3.56% |
| 1982 | 3.02% | 3.52% |
| 1981 | 3.03% | 3.46% |
| 1980 | 3.03% | 3.09% |
| 1979 | 2.99% | 2.74% |
| 1978 | 2.9% | 2.77% |
| 1977 | 2.83% | 2.74% |
| 1976 | 2.78% | 2.74% |
| 1975 | 2.75% | 2.81% |
| 1974 | 2.72% | 2.86% |
| 1973 | 2.71% | 2.9% |
| 1972 | 2.69% | 2.91% |
| 1971 | 2.71% | 2.97% |
| 1970 | 2.75% | 3.08% |
| 1969 | 2.77% | 3.14% |
| 1968 | 2.8% | 3.17% |
| 1967 | 2.83% | 3.17% |
| 1966 | 2.86% | 3.15% |
| 1965 | 2.89% | 3.12% |
| 1964 | 2.93% | 3.1% |
| 1963 | 2.94% | 3.08% |
| 1962 | 2.95% | 3.02% |
| 1961 | 2.94% | 2.85% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/niger/south-africa | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Niger grew by 3.34%, while South Africa's population grew by 1.26%.
Live population counters
|
Niger
|
South Africa
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
29080898
|
65683993
|
| Population rank | 53/197 | 24/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.35% | 0.79% |
| One net population change |
36.1 seconds
|
39.7 seconds
|
| One birth every |
28.8 seconds
|
26.6 seconds
|
| One death every |
2.27 minutes
|
54 seconds
|
| Daily growth/decline | +2,391 | +2,178 |
| Annual growth/decline | +872,545 | +794,803 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +3.34% | +1.26% |
| Population growth rate rank | 10/197 | 85/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.14 hours
|
3.6 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -7,704 | +146,370 |
| Net migration rank | 126/196 | 9/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 449,236 | 2,631,100 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 85/195 | 28/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 1.7% | 4.1% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 140/195 | 105/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Niger
|
South Africa
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -7,704 | - | 146,370 |
| 2024 | - | -4,041 | - | 166,972 |
| 2023 | 864,139 | 995 | 602,793 | 228,222 |
| 2022 | 829,651 | 995 | 603,636 | 233,284 |
| 2021 | 793,428 | -4,405 | 456,411 | 458,246 |
| 2020 | 784,437 | -4,402 | 595,873 | 369,901 |
| 2019 | 775,474 | -15,778 | 652,130 | 331,124 |
| 2018 | 763,536 | -3,830 | 648,319 | 318,260 |
| 2017 | 752,384 | -6,830 | 645,975 | 343,146 |
| 2016 | 738,999 | 14,833 | 641,365 | -879,235 |
| 2015 | 721,630 | 17,051 | 668,771 | 641,150 |
| 2014 | 704,609 | 3,891 | 674,754 | 272,697 |
| 2013 | 686,070 | -2,543 | 652,427 | 232,230 |
| 2012 | 664,009 | 18,714 | 643,723 | 264,091 |
| 2011 | 645,175 | -6,941 | 601,708 | 65,166 |
| 2010 | 624,685 | -8,033 | 566,834 | 68,563 |
| 2009 | 602,671 | -9,014 | 554,115 | 41,528 |
| 2008 | 579,727 | -9,847 | 595,332 | 36,869 |
| 2007 | 556,808 | -10,069 | 503,567 | 36,339 |
| 2006 | 533,374 | -10,054 | 487,584 | 33,159 |
| 2005 | 511,167 | -9,700 | 464,464 | 31,286 |
| 2004 | 488,328 | -9,070 | 442,540 | 58,924 |
| 2003 | 467,295 | -8,841 | 415,018 | 65,604 |
| 2002 | 446,767 | -9,550 | 430,926 | 50,313 |
| 2001 | 428,417 | -8,654 | 484,801 | -60,793 |
| 2000 | 410,779 | -8,522 | 526,963 | -136,794 |
| 1999 | 394,212 | -12,037 | 594,643 | -126,011 |
| 1998 | 377,120 | -7,298 | 627,027 | -82,722 |
| 1997 | 358,745 | -13,680 | 667,969 | -98,181 |
| 1996 | 341,223 | -8,057 | 710,868 | -193,007 |
| 1995 | 323,630 | 3,843 | 743,488 | -98,403 |
| 1994 | 306,026 | -959 | 698,609 | -268,849 |
| 1993 | 292,135 | -2,269 | 789,220 | 194,977 |
| 1992 | 278,690 | -2,258 | 794,415 | -71,342 |
| 1991 | 266,527 | -1,500 | 827,296 | -39,131 |
| 1990 | 256,594 | 73 | 835,421 | 259,718 |
| 1989 | 245,278 | 613 | 884,629 | 255,605 |
| 1988 | 237,296 | -1,139 | 909,221 | 246,382 |
| 1987 | 231,371 | -2,338 | 922,330 | 231,009 |
| 1986 | 224,365 | -2,728 | 903,644 | 234,378 |
| 1985 | 219,206 | -6,126 | 893,889 | 244,940 |
| 1984 | 213,111 | -9,208 | 869,011 | 290,789 |
| 1983 | 207,962 | -9,209 | 837,013 | 310,172 |
| 1982 | 202,012 | -8,935 | 807,550 | 293,195 |
| 1981 | 195,938 | -7,559 | 767,833 | 279,985 |
| 1980 | 189,251 | -5,564 | 738,415 | 258,127 |
| 1979 | 180,632 | -3,495 | 716,541 | 56,323 |
| 1978 | 171,614 | -3,494 | 694,341 | 62,121 |
| 1977 | 161,792 | -3,476 | 680,929 | 63,739 |
| 1976 | 154,489 | -3,308 | 675,011 | 27,333 |
| 1975 | 147,962 | -3,254 | 667,862 | 38,809 |
| 1974 | 142,606 | -3,179 | 658,438 | 38,518 |
| 1973 | 137,695 | -2,942 | 651,596 | 41,125 |
| 1972 | 133,813 | -2,525 | 638,754 | 38,163 |
| 1971 | 128,223 | -2,277 | 624,761 | 32,961 |
| 1970 | 128,184 | -2,225 | 605,102 | 61,514 |
| 1969 | 125,389 | -2,245 | 590,794 | 73,225 |
| 1968 | 123,301 | -2,277 | 571,841 | 78,932 |
| 1967 | 121,358 | -2,289 | 553,741 | 81,932 |
| 1966 | 119,314 | -2,289 | 534,862 | 77,417 |
| 1965 | 116,963 | -2,289 | 506,632 | 82,514 |
| 1964 | 115,386 | -2,289 | 490,606 | 76,298 |
| 1963 | 113,072 | -2,289 | 473,821 | 72,844 |
| 1962 | 110,280 | -2,369 | 455,634 | 69,771 |
| 1961 | 107,693 | -2,893 | 437,851 | 57,728 |
| 1960 | 105,081 | -3,641 | 421,263 | 18,891 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/niger/south-africa | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 100% of the population change in Niger is from natural causes (a gain of 7,728,287 people) and 0.03% is from migration (a gain of 2,520 people). In South Africa 72.8% is from natural causes (a gain of 6,190,027 people) and 27.2% is from migration (a gain of 2,316,795 people).
As of 2024, 449,236 residents or 1.7% of the population were not native-born in Niger, compared to 2,631,100 people or 4.1% in South Africa.
Biggest cities by population
|
Niger
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Niamey | 1.5M |
| Maradi | 267K |
| Zinder | 236K |
|
South Africa
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Johannesburg | 4.8M |
| Cape Town | 3.78M |
| Soweto | 1.27M |
| Pietermaritzburg | 839K |
| Pretoria | 742K |
| Durban | 595K |
| Rustenburg | 550K |
| Randburg | 337K |
| Port Elizabeth | 312K |
| East London | 267K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Niger and South Africa
|
Niger
|
South Africa
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 61.9 years | 66.7 years |
| Average age | 21.2 years | 31.1 years |
| Median age | 16.5 years | 29.5 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.8:49.2 | 48.7:51.3 |
| Fertility rate | 6.06 births per woman | 2.22 births per woman |
| Population density | 59 ppl/mi² | 139.8 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/niger/south-africa | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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