The latest officially reported population of Bosnia and Herzegovina was 3,140,095 in 2025 vs 27,917,831 people in Niger in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Bosnia and Herzegovina's population is 3,114,736 people compared to 29,294,628 in Niger.
Population statistics:
- Niger's population is 9.41 times bigger than Bosnia and Herzegovina's.
- Bosnia and Herzegovina is ranked the 135th most populous country in the world, while Niger is the 53rd.
- The countries together account for 0.39% of the world: 0.04% for Bosnia and Herzegovina vs 0.35% for Niger.
- For the last 10 years, Bosnia and Herzegovina has had an average growth rate of -1.15% per year vs +3.45% in Niger.
- Since 2006, the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina has decreased from 4.06M people to 3.11M (23.3% decline), while Niger has grown from 14.3M to 29.3M (105.3% growth).
Bosnia and Herzegovina vs Niger: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Bosnia
|
Niger
|
|
| 2100 | 1,368,062 | 92,119,820 |
| 2099 | 1,382,211 | 91,758,864 |
| 2098 | 1,396,949 | 91,380,105 |
| 2097 | 1,412,908 | 90,979,507 |
| 2096 | 1,428,574 | 90,560,194 |
| 2095 | 1,443,843 | 90,121,433 |
| 2094 | 1,459,099 | 89,665,016 |
| 2093 | 1,474,841 | 89,186,290 |
| 2092 | 1,490,288 | 88,687,247 |
| 2091 | 1,505,574 | 88,169,255 |
| 2090 | 1,521,165 | 87,632,134 |
| 2089 | 1,537,449 | 87,075,435 |
| 2088 | 1,554,002 | 86,497,532 |
| 2087 | 1,570,515 | 85,901,116 |
| 2086 | 1,587,803 | 85,285,801 |
| 2085 | 1,605,248 | 84,648,237 |
| 2084 | 1,623,603 | 83,990,034 |
| 2083 | 1,642,536 | 83,310,768 |
| 2082 | 1,661,441 | 82,611,309 |
| 2081 | 1,680,572 | 81,895,814 |
| 2080 | 1,700,417 | 81,159,765 |
| 2079 | 1,720,559 | 80,409,054 |
| 2078 | 1,741,147 | 79,639,286 |
| 2077 | 1,762,029 | 78,852,089 |
| 2076 | 1,783,547 | 78,045,772 |
| 2075 | 1,805,988 | 77,223,494 |
| 2074 | 1,828,419 | 76,387,922 |
| 2073 | 1,850,549 | 75,535,687 |
| 2072 | 1,873,199 | 74,667,410 |
| 2071 | 1,896,330 | 73,784,579 |
| 2070 | 1,920,335 | 72,888,455 |
| 2069 | 1,943,983 | 71,975,811 |
| 2068 | 1,967,713 | 71,050,594 |
| 2067 | 1,993,328 | 70,111,034 |
| 2066 | 2,018,796 | 69,159,115 |
| 2065 | 2,045,094 | 68,199,397 |
| 2064 | 2,071,026 | 67,226,153 |
| 2063 | 2,096,801 | 66,242,857 |
| 2062 | 2,122,454 | 65,249,357 |
| 2061 | 2,148,932 | 64,246,142 |
| 2060 | 2,176,154 | 63,236,587 |
| 2059 | 2,203,131 | 62,219,239 |
| 2058 | 2,230,453 | 61,193,260 |
| 2057 | 2,258,553 | 60,161,411 |
| 2056 | 2,288,270 | 59,126,596 |
| 2055 | 2,318,066 | 58,084,470 |
| 2054 | 2,345,650 | 57,038,192 |
| 2053 | 2,374,091 | 55,989,073 |
| 2052 | 2,401,804 | 54,940,685 |
| 2051 | 2,431,166 | 53,889,624 |
| 2050 | 2,459,340 | 52,841,076 |
| 2049 | 2,488,686 | 51,793,560 |
| 2048 | 2,516,605 | 50,746,939 |
| 2047 | 2,545,909 | 49,703,518 |
| 2046 | 2,575,176 | 48,661,960 |
| 2045 | 2,603,679 | 47,622,548 |
| 2044 | 2,631,917 | 46,586,941 |
| 2043 | 2,660,625 | 45,557,790 |
| 2042 | 2,689,157 | 44,531,886 |
| 2041 | 2,719,360 | 43,511,370 |
| 2040 | 2,748,491 | 42,494,381 |
| 2039 | 2,776,696 | 41,482,338 |
| 2038 | 2,803,054 | 40,472,234 |
| 2037 | 2,829,544 | 39,463,944 |
| 2036 | 2,856,285 | 38,459,660 |
| 2035 | 2,883,527 | 37,458,584 |
| 2034 | 2,912,522 | 36,465,688 |
| 2033 | 2,939,434 | 35,476,260 |
| 2032 | 2,966,176 | 34,497,489 |
| 2031 | 2,989,887 | 33,527,117 |
| 2030 | 3,013,719 | 32,563,547 |
| 2029 | 3,037,488 | 31,610,576 |
| 2028 | 3,062,650 | 30,670,274 |
| 2027 | 3,088,595 | 29,741,014 |
| 2026 | 3,114,736 | 28,823,166 |
| 2025 | 3,140,095 | 27,917,831 |
| 2024 | 3,164,253 | 27,032,412 |
| 2023 | 3,185,073 | 26,159,867 |
| 2022 | 3,204,802 | 25,311,973 |
| 2021 | 3,244,907 | 24,502,140 |
| 2020 | 3,299,349 | 23,717,613 |
| 2019 | 3,345,533 | 22,947,757 |
| 2018 | 3,387,000 | 22,188,069 |
| 2017 | 3,428,682 | 21,435,446 |
| 2016 | 3,473,003 | 20,685,753 |
| 2015 | 3,518,541 | 19,939,498 |
| 2014 | 3,564,829 | 19,215,909 |
| 2013 | 3,610,859 | 18,519,898 |
| 2012 | 3,670,113 | 17,836,769 |
| 2011 | 3,741,798 | 17,176,283 |
| 2010 | 3,811,472 | 16,548,835 |
| 2009 | 3,879,794 | 15,943,675 |
| 2008 | 3,947,544 | 15,361,915 |
| 2007 | 4,013,424 | 14,803,610 |
| 2006 | 4,063,272 | 14,268,581 |
| 2005 | 4,096,493 | 13,756,192 |
| 2004 | 4,140,987 | 13,265,836 |
| 2003 | 4,178,523 | 12,796,984 |
| 2002 | 4,188,002 | 12,349,144 |
| 2001 | 4,179,438 | 11,920,647 |
| 2000 | 4,159,771 | 11,509,630 |
| 1999 | 4,130,305 | 11,117,411 |
| 1998 | 4,089,356 | 10,741,413 |
| 1997 | 4,018,227 | 10,383,969 |
| 1996 | 3,875,246 | 10,044,852 |
| 1995 | 3,715,564 | 9,714,529 |
| 1994 | 3,725,412 | 9,398,258 |
| 1993 | 3,904,482 | 9,100,789 |
| 1992 | 4,234,616 | 8,817,633 |
| 1991 | 4,458,343 | 8,546,900 |
| 1990 | 4,448,652 | 8,286,059 |
| 1989 | 4,433,983 | 8,034,780 |
| 1988 | 4,414,404 | 7,793,748 |
| 1987 | 4,390,246 | 7,561,150 |
| 1986 | 4,362,115 | 7,335,811 |
| 1985 | 4,330,364 | 7,118,457 |
| 1984 | 4,295,536 | 6,909,971 |
| 1983 | 4,258,728 | 6,708,644 |
| 1982 | 4,221,100 | 6,512,732 |
| 1981 | 4,184,217 | 6,322,006 |
| 1980 | 4,148,426 | 6,135,971 |
| 1979 | 4,113,300 | 5,955,556 |
| 1978 | 4,078,240 | 5,782,932 |
| 1977 | 4,042,124 | 5,619,716 |
| 1976 | 4,004,552 | 5,464,962 |
| 1975 | 3,965,743 | 5,317,019 |
| 1974 | 3,926,472 | 5,174,953 |
| 1973 | 3,887,376 | 5,037,865 |
| 1972 | 3,848,271 | 4,904,845 |
| 1971 | 3,809,376 | 4,776,225 |
| 1970 | 3,773,247 | 4,650,275 |
| 1969 | 3,737,765 | 4,525,725 |
| 1968 | 3,698,794 | 4,403,637 |
| 1967 | 3,656,223 | 4,283,590 |
| 1966 | 3,610,562 | 4,165,544 |
| 1965 | 3,562,834 | 4,049,695 |
| 1964 | 3,513,441 | 3,935,814 |
| 1963 | 3,461,942 | 3,823,873 |
| 1962 | 3,407,532 | 3,714,520 |
| 1961 | 3,348,035 | 3,608,162 |
| 1960 | 3,281,381 | 3,505,050 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/bosnia-and-herzegovina/niger | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina decreased by 590,269 people (a 14.5% decline), while Niger gained 6,417,172 people (a 45% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Bosnia and Herzegovina lost 358,267 people (a 10.3% decline), while Niger's population increased by 8,608,875 people (a 41.6% growth).
Bosnia and Herzegovina was ranked 123rd most populous country in 2006 and is 135th in 2026. Niger was ranked 64th in 2006 and ranked 53rd now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Bosnia and Herzegovina's population will shrink by 21% to 2,459,340 people with a rank change from 135th to 144th. The population of Niger will increase by 80.4% to 52,841,076 people and rank change from 53rd to 38th.
Niger is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 92.1M people, while Bosnia and Herzegovina's population already peaked in 1991 at 4.46M people and is projected to decrease to 1.37M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Bosnia
|
Niger
|
|
| 2100 | -1.02% | 0.39% |
| 2099 | -1.06% | 0.41% |
| 2098 | -1.13% | 0.44% |
| 2097 | -1.1% | 0.46% |
| 2096 | -1.06% | 0.49% |
| 2095 | -1.05% | 0.51% |
| 2094 | -1.07% | 0.54% |
| 2093 | -1.04% | 0.56% |
| 2092 | -1.02% | 0.59% |
| 2091 | -1.02% | 0.61% |
| 2090 | -1.06% | 0.64% |
| 2089 | -1.07% | 0.67% |
| 2088 | -1.05% | 0.69% |
| 2087 | -1.09% | 0.72% |
| 2086 | -1.09% | 0.75% |
| 2085 | -1.13% | 0.78% |
| 2084 | -1.15% | 0.82% |
| 2083 | -1.14% | 0.85% |
| 2082 | -1.14% | 0.87% |
| 2081 | -1.17% | 0.91% |
| 2080 | -1.17% | 0.93% |
| 2079 | -1.18% | 0.97% |
| 2078 | -1.19% | 1% |
| 2077 | -1.21% | 1.03% |
| 2076 | -1.24% | 1.06% |
| 2075 | -1.23% | 1.09% |
| 2074 | -1.2% | 1.13% |
| 2073 | -1.21% | 1.16% |
| 2072 | -1.22% | 1.2% |
| 2071 | -1.25% | 1.23% |
| 2070 | -1.22% | 1.27% |
| 2069 | -1.21% | 1.3% |
| 2068 | -1.29% | 1.34% |
| 2067 | -1.26% | 1.38% |
| 2066 | -1.29% | 1.41% |
| 2065 | -1.25% | 1.45% |
| 2064 | -1.23% | 1.48% |
| 2063 | -1.21% | 1.52% |
| 2062 | -1.23% | 1.56% |
| 2061 | -1.25% | 1.6% |
| 2060 | -1.22% | 1.64% |
| 2059 | -1.22% | 1.68% |
| 2058 | -1.24% | 1.72% |
| 2057 | -1.3% | 1.75% |
| 2056 | -1.29% | 1.79% |
| 2055 | -1.18% | 1.83% |
| 2054 | -1.2% | 1.87% |
| 2053 | -1.15% | 1.91% |
| 2052 | -1.21% | 1.95% |
| 2051 | -1.15% | 1.98% |
| 2050 | -1.18% | 2.02% |
| 2049 | -1.11% | 2.06% |
| 2048 | -1.15% | 2.1% |
| 2047 | -1.14% | 2.14% |
| 2046 | -1.09% | 2.18% |
| 2045 | -1.07% | 2.22% |
| 2044 | -1.08% | 2.26% |
| 2043 | -1.06% | 2.3% |
| 2042 | -1.11% | 2.35% |
| 2041 | -1.06% | 2.39% |
| 2040 | -1.02% | 2.44% |
| 2039 | -0.94% | 2.5% |
| 2038 | -0.94% | 2.55% |
| 2037 | -0.94% | 2.61% |
| 2036 | -0.94% | 2.67% |
| 2035 | -1% | 2.72% |
| 2034 | -0.92% | 2.79% |
| 2033 | -0.9% | 2.84% |
| 2032 | -0.79% | 2.89% |
| 2031 | -0.79% | 2.96% |
| 2030 | -0.78% | 3.01% |
| 2029 | -0.82% | 3.07% |
| 2028 | -0.84% | 3.12% |
| 2027 | -0.84% | 3.18% |
| 2026 | -0.81% | 3.24% |
| 2025 | -0.76% | 3.28% |
| 2024 | -0.65% | 3.34% |
| 2023 | -0.62% | 3.35% |
| 2022 | -1.24% | 3.31% |
| 2021 | -1.65% | 3.31% |
| 2020 | -1.38% | 3.35% |
| 2019 | -1.22% | 3.42% |
| 2018 | -1.22% | 3.51% |
| 2017 | -1.28% | 3.62% |
| 2016 | -1.29% | 3.74% |
| 2015 | -1.3% | 3.77% |
| 2014 | -1.27% | 3.76% |
| 2013 | -1.61% | 3.83% |
| 2012 | -1.92% | 3.85% |
| 2011 | -1.83% | 3.79% |
| 2010 | -1.76% | 3.8% |
| 2009 | -1.72% | 3.79% |
| 2008 | -1.64% | 3.77% |
| 2007 | -1.23% | 3.75% |
| 2006 | -0.81% | 3.72% |
| 2005 | -1.07% | 3.7% |
| 2004 | -0.9% | 3.66% |
| 2003 | -0.23% | 3.63% |
| 2002 | 0.2% | 3.59% |
| 2001 | 0.47% | 3.57% |
| 2000 | 0.71% | 3.53% |
| 1999 | 1% | 3.5% |
| 1998 | 1.77% | 3.44% |
| 1997 | 3.69% | 3.38% |
| 1996 | 4.3% | 3.4% |
| 1995 | -0.26% | 3.37% |
| 1994 | -4.59% | 3.27% |
| 1993 | -7.8% | 3.21% |
| 1992 | -5.02% | 3.17% |
| 1991 | 0.22% | 3.15% |
| 1990 | 0.33% | 3.13% |
| 1989 | 0.44% | 3.09% |
| 1988 | 0.55% | 3.08% |
| 1987 | 0.64% | 3.07% |
| 1986 | 0.73% | 3.05% |
| 1985 | 0.81% | 3.02% |
| 1984 | 0.86% | 3% |
| 1983 | 0.89% | 3.01% |
| 1982 | 0.88% | 3.02% |
| 1981 | 0.86% | 3.03% |
| 1980 | 0.85% | 3.03% |
| 1979 | 0.86% | 2.99% |
| 1978 | 0.89% | 2.9% |
| 1977 | 0.94% | 2.83% |
| 1976 | 0.98% | 2.78% |
| 1975 | 1% | 2.75% |
| 1974 | 1.01% | 2.72% |
| 1973 | 1.02% | 2.71% |
| 1972 | 1.02% | 2.69% |
| 1971 | 0.96% | 2.71% |
| 1970 | 0.95% | 2.75% |
| 1969 | 1.05% | 2.77% |
| 1968 | 1.16% | 2.8% |
| 1967 | 1.26% | 2.83% |
| 1966 | 1.34% | 2.86% |
| 1965 | 1.41% | 2.89% |
| 1964 | 1.49% | 2.93% |
| 1963 | 1.6% | 2.94% |
| 1962 | 1.78% | 2.95% |
| 1961 | 2.03% | 2.94% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/bosnia-and-herzegovina/niger | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina declined by 0.76%, while Niger's population grew by 3.28%.
Live population counters
|
Bosnia
|
Niger
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
3114736
|
29294628
|
| Population rank | 135/197 | 53/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.04% | 0.35% |
| One net population change |
21.8 minutes
|
35.7 seconds
|
| One birth every |
21.5 minutes
|
28.2 seconds
|
| One death every |
12.3 minutes
|
2.23 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | -66 | +2,426 |
| Annual growth/decline | -24,158 | +885,419 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | -0.76% | +3.28% |
| Population growth rate rank | 192/197 | 9/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.26 hours
|
1.14 hours
|
| Annual migration change | -6,994 | -7,704 |
| Net migration rank | 124/196 | 126/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 34,120 | 449,236 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 160/195 | 85/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 1.1% | 1.7% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 151/195 | 140/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Bosnia
|
Niger
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -6,994 | - | -7,704 |
| 2024 | -18,359 | -4,497 | 883,987 | -4,041 |
| 2023 | -18,292 | -485 | 864,139 | 995 |
| 2022 | -20,197 | -485 | 829,651 | 995 |
| 2021 | -33,670 | -25,865 | 793,428 | -4,405 |
| 2020 | -22,502 | -26,840 | 784,437 | -4,402 |
| 2019 | -15,192 | -27,841 | 775,474 | -15,778 |
| 2018 | -10,761 | -29,147 | 763,536 | -3,830 |
| 2017 | -12,810 | -30,650 | 752,384 | -6,830 |
| 2016 | -13,009 | -32,173 | 738,999 | 14,833 |
| 2015 | -11,942 | -33,948 | 721,630 | 17,051 |
| 2014 | -11,009 | -35,683 | 704,609 | 3,891 |
| 2013 | -8,367 | -37,002 | 686,070 | -2,543 |
| 2012 | -6,761 | -66,378 | 664,009 | 18,714 |
| 2011 | -5,354 | -64,875 | 645,175 | -6,941 |
| 2010 | -1,895 | -67,228 | 624,685 | -8,033 |
| 2009 | 652 | -68,182 | 602,671 | -9,014 |
| 2008 | 161 | -68,140 | 579,727 | -9,847 |
| 2007 | 1,557 | -65,335 | 556,808 | -10,069 |
| 2006 | 2,714 | -38,622 | 533,374 | -10,054 |
| 2005 | 6,546 | -37,086 | 511,167 | -9,700 |
| 2004 | 9,549 | -68,008 | 488,328 | -9,070 |
| 2003 | 10,781 | -27,396 | 467,295 | -8,841 |
| 2002 | 10,972 | -13,312 | 446,767 | -9,550 |
| 2001 | 10,424 | 9,055 | 428,417 | -8,654 |
| 2000 | 11,722 | 8,138 | 410,779 | -8,522 |
| 1999 | 13,568 | 25,495 | 394,212 | -12,037 |
| 1998 | 18,492 | 24,335 | 377,120 | -7,298 |
| 1997 | 19,311 | 80,133 | 358,745 | -13,680 |
| 1996 | 13,327 | 173,193 | 341,223 | -8,057 |
| 1995 | 5,926 | 126,914 | 323,630 | 3,843 |
| 1994 | 4,895 | -157,427 | 306,026 | -959 |
| 1993 | -27,199 | -178,416 | 292,135 | -2,269 |
| 1992 | -17,883 | -436,814 | 278,690 | -2,258 |
| 1991 | 33,692 | -26,483 | 266,527 | -1,500 |
| 1990 | 34,993 | -22,829 | 256,594 | 73 |
| 1989 | 36,802 | -19,634 | 245,278 | 613 |
| 1988 | 39,058 | -17,058 | 237,296 | -1,139 |
| 1987 | 41,172 | -14,853 | 231,371 | -2,338 |
| 1986 | 42,884 | -12,941 | 224,365 | -2,728 |
| 1985 | 44,983 | -11,429 | 219,206 | -6,126 |
| 1984 | 46,413 | -10,321 | 213,111 | -9,208 |
| 1983 | 47,135 | -9,599 | 207,962 | -9,209 |
| 1982 | 47,023 | -9,298 | 202,012 | -8,935 |
| 1981 | 45,423 | -9,384 | 195,938 | -7,559 |
| 1980 | 42,911 | -7,368 | 189,251 | -5,564 |
| 1979 | 42,157 | -7,454 | 180,632 | -3,495 |
| 1978 | 44,800 | -9,382 | 171,614 | -3,494 |
| 1977 | 48,643 | -11,834 | 161,792 | -3,476 |
| 1976 | 52,107 | -13,778 | 154,489 | -3,308 |
| 1975 | 53,629 | -14,348 | 147,962 | -3,254 |
| 1974 | 53,600 | -14,345 | 142,606 | -3,179 |
| 1973 | 52,989 | -14,043 | 137,695 | -2,942 |
| 1972 | 54,072 | -14,807 | 133,813 | -2,525 |
| 1971 | 54,352 | -15,829 | 128,223 | -2,277 |
| 1970 | 54,455 | -20,714 | 128,184 | -2,225 |
| 1969 | 58,454 | -21,229 | 125,389 | -2,245 |
| 1968 | 61,422 | -20,704 | 123,301 | -2,277 |
| 1967 | 65,618 | -21,195 | 121,358 | -2,289 |
| 1966 | 70,085 | -23,196 | 119,314 | -2,289 |
| 1965 | 72,896 | -24,330 | 116,963 | -2,289 |
| 1964 | 74,151 | -23,922 | 115,386 | -2,289 |
| 1963 | 75,380 | -22,611 | 113,072 | -2,289 |
| 1962 | 77,582 | -21,531 | 110,280 | -2,369 |
| 1961 | 77,601 | -14,655 | 107,693 | -2,893 |
| 1960 | 76,840 | -6,481 | 105,081 | -3,641 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/bosnia-and-herzegovina/niger | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 45.5% of the population change in Bosnia and Herzegovina is from natural causes (a loss of 176,734 people) and 54.5% is from migration (a loss of 211,931 people). In Niger 99.9% is from natural causes (a gain of 7,907,665 people) and 0.07% is from migration (a loss of 5,412 people).
As of 2024, 34,120 residents or 1.1% of the population were not native-born in Bosnia and Herzegovina, compared to 449,236 people or 1.7% in Niger.
Biggest cities by population
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Population differences between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Niger
|
Bosnia
|
Niger
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 78.4 years | 61.9 years |
| Average age | 45 years | 21.3 years |
| Median age | 46.7 years | 16.7 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 47.6:52.4 | 50.8:49.2 |
| Fertility rate | 1.49 births per woman | 5.94 births per woman |
| Population density | 157.6 ppl/mi² | 58.9 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/bosnia-and-herzegovina/niger | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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