The latest officially reported population of East Timor was 1,418,517 in 2025 vs 20,843,754 people in Kazakhstan in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current East Timor's population is 1,446,322 people compared to 21,211,812 in Kazakhstan.
Population statistics:
- Kazakhstan's population is 14.7 times bigger than East Timor's.
- East Timor is ranked the 152nd most populous country in the world, while Kazakhstan is the 65th.
- The countries together account for 0.27% of the world: 0.02% for East Timor vs 0.26% for Kazakhstan.
- For the last 10 years, East Timor has had an average growth rate of +1.67% per year vs +1.44% in Kazakhstan.
- Since 2006, the population of East Timor has increased from 977K people to 1.45M (48.1% growth), while Kazakhstan has grown from 16.1M to 21.2M (31.7% growth).
East Timor vs Kazakhstan: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
East Timor
|
Kazakhstan
|
|
| 2100 | 1,987,832 | 33,837,050 |
| 2099 | 1,992,781 | 33,761,154 |
| 2098 | 1,999,464 | 33,683,919 |
| 2097 | 2,006,033 | 33,603,915 |
| 2096 | 2,013,975 | 33,512,477 |
| 2095 | 2,022,154 | 33,413,253 |
| 2094 | 2,029,021 | 33,314,594 |
| 2093 | 2,034,247 | 33,213,155 |
| 2092 | 2,039,828 | 33,116,688 |
| 2091 | 2,046,736 | 33,013,240 |
| 2090 | 2,053,036 | 32,907,211 |
| 2089 | 2,060,872 | 32,798,108 |
| 2088 | 2,066,894 | 32,686,460 |
| 2087 | 2,074,575 | 32,563,627 |
| 2086 | 2,077,501 | 32,439,780 |
| 2085 | 2,082,992 | 32,315,125 |
| 2084 | 2,088,750 | 32,187,026 |
| 2083 | 2,094,025 | 32,051,485 |
| 2082 | 2,096,584 | 31,925,242 |
| 2081 | 2,100,389 | 31,787,284 |
| 2080 | 2,103,318 | 31,648,962 |
| 2079 | 2,102,450 | 31,514,214 |
| 2078 | 2,105,023 | 31,366,796 |
| 2077 | 2,105,962 | 31,219,906 |
| 2076 | 2,105,353 | 31,072,192 |
| 2075 | 2,105,681 | 30,923,546 |
| 2074 | 2,104,008 | 30,771,280 |
| 2073 | 2,103,594 | 30,625,478 |
| 2072 | 2,099,913 | 30,477,563 |
| 2071 | 2,092,097 | 30,326,181 |
| 2070 | 2,089,631 | 30,173,109 |
| 2069 | 2,083,998 | 30,013,948 |
| 2068 | 2,077,421 | 29,862,364 |
| 2067 | 2,070,800 | 29,712,186 |
| 2066 | 2,062,424 | 29,557,994 |
| 2065 | 2,055,429 | 29,396,139 |
| 2064 | 2,047,710 | 29,235,466 |
| 2063 | 2,039,046 | 29,071,908 |
| 2062 | 2,031,925 | 28,907,357 |
| 2061 | 2,026,233 | 28,738,535 |
| 2060 | 2,018,606 | 28,568,026 |
| 2059 | 2,008,230 | 28,391,809 |
| 2058 | 1,996,788 | 28,215,085 |
| 2057 | 1,984,779 | 28,037,220 |
| 2056 | 1,970,553 | 27,842,554 |
| 2055 | 1,957,864 | 27,643,057 |
| 2054 | 1,949,402 | 27,444,561 |
| 2053 | 1,933,335 | 27,234,548 |
| 2052 | 1,920,154 | 27,022,716 |
| 2051 | 1,909,672 | 26,809,526 |
| 2050 | 1,892,861 | 26,593,675 |
| 2049 | 1,878,666 | 26,376,242 |
| 2048 | 1,861,588 | 26,146,925 |
| 2047 | 1,844,948 | 25,911,330 |
| 2046 | 1,829,365 | 25,678,409 |
| 2045 | 1,812,921 | 25,442,326 |
| 2044 | 1,797,407 | 25,206,576 |
| 2043 | 1,777,316 | 24,971,131 |
| 2042 | 1,756,704 | 24,737,722 |
| 2041 | 1,738,329 | 24,507,695 |
| 2040 | 1,720,028 | 24,273,388 |
| 2039 | 1,699,358 | 24,047,108 |
| 2038 | 1,679,907 | 23,821,741 |
| 2037 | 1,659,862 | 23,600,163 |
| 2036 | 1,640,436 | 23,374,793 |
| 2035 | 1,617,753 | 23,151,259 |
| 2034 | 1,597,457 | 22,926,675 |
| 2033 | 1,578,852 | 22,700,937 |
| 2032 | 1,560,402 | 22,470,522 |
| 2031 | 1,540,509 | 22,247,053 |
| 2030 | 1,518,434 | 22,020,172 |
| 2029 | 1,496,842 | 21,792,016 |
| 2028 | 1,475,633 | 21,558,709 |
| 2027 | 1,455,562 | 21,326,341 |
| 2026 | 1,436,564 | 21,090,850 |
| 2025 | 1,418,517 | 20,843,754 |
| 2024 | 1,400,638 | 20,592,571 |
| 2023 | 1,384,286 | 20,330,104 |
| 2022 | 1,369,295 | 20,034,609 |
| 2021 | 1,350,139 | 19,743,603 |
| 2020 | 1,326,053 | 19,482,117 |
| 2019 | 1,300,945 | 19,209,555 |
| 2018 | 1,275,959 | 18,932,727 |
| 2017 | 1,251,703 | 18,651,931 |
| 2016 | 1,228,312 | 18,363,600 |
| 2015 | 1,205,131 | 18,084,169 |
| 2014 | 1,181,903 | 17,816,285 |
| 2013 | 1,158,695 | 17,556,502 |
| 2012 | 1,134,885 | 17,306,106 |
| 2011 | 1,110,207 | 17,066,002 |
| 2010 | 1,084,679 | 16,836,810 |
| 2009 | 1,058,782 | 16,619,846 |
| 2008 | 1,032,429 | 16,426,525 |
| 2007 | 1,004,889 | 16,257,214 |
| 2006 | 976,597 | 16,103,716 |
| 2005 | 948,311 | 15,968,117 |
| 2004 | 929,074 | 15,850,159 |
| 2003 | 916,878 | 15,747,380 |
| 2002 | 879,159 | 15,656,677 |
| 2001 | 812,249 | 15,575,550 |
| 2000 | 745,088 | 15,501,103 |
| 1999 | 834,697 | 15,455,874 |
| 1998 | 942,530 | 15,647,785 |
| 1997 | 917,184 | 16,043,251 |
| 1996 | 892,282 | 16,416,027 |
| 1995 | 868,146 | 16,730,536 |
| 1994 | 844,493 | 17,043,771 |
| 1993 | 821,437 | 17,274,487 |
| 1992 | 799,318 | 17,332,625 |
| 1991 | 778,278 | 17,278,600 |
| 1990 | 760,345 | 17,154,054 |
| 1989 | 744,856 | 16,997,013 |
| 1988 | 730,745 | 16,781,168 |
| 1987 | 718,476 | 16,527,715 |
| 1986 | 707,185 | 16,262,702 |
| 1985 | 696,665 | 16,031,090 |
| 1984 | 686,777 | 15,844,621 |
| 1983 | 677,707 | 15,665,551 |
| 1982 | 669,149 | 15,492,595 |
| 1981 | 660,493 | 15,323,082 |
| 1980 | 649,871 | 15,152,949 |
| 1979 | 638,719 | 14,978,696 |
| 1978 | 628,775 | 14,711,497 |
| 1977 | 618,315 | 14,353,265 |
| 1976 | 607,620 | 13,998,738 |
| 1975 | 598,158 | 13,700,843 |
| 1974 | 590,827 | 13,454,570 |
| 1973 | 582,855 | 13,208,121 |
| 1972 | 572,962 | 12,951,798 |
| 1971 | 562,966 | 12,684,813 |
| 1970 | 553,069 | 12,419,057 |
| 1969 | 543,356 | 12,156,212 |
| 1968 | 533,875 | 11,879,182 |
| 1967 | 524,648 | 11,584,428 |
| 1966 | 515,696 | 11,288,989 |
| 1965 | 507,034 | 10,993,183 |
| 1964 | 498,659 | 10,690,309 |
| 1963 | 490,564 | 10,377,466 |
| 1962 | 482,774 | 10,058,928 |
| 1961 | 475,291 | 9,742,085 |
| 1960 | 468,118 | 9,429,981 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/east-timor/kazakhstan | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of East Timor increased by 251,715 people (a 25.8% growth), while Kazakhstan gained 2,259,884 people (a 14% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, East Timor gained 218,010 people (a 17.7% growth), while Kazakhstan's population increased by 2,848,212 people (a 15.5% growth).
East Timor was ranked 155th most populous country in 2006 and is 152nd in 2026. Kazakhstan was ranked 62nd in 2006 and ranked 65th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) East Timor's population will grow by 30.9% to 1,892,861 people with a rank change from 152nd to 149th. The population of Kazakhstan will increase by 25.4% to 26,593,675 people and rank change from 65th to 64th.
East Timor is projected to reach its peak in 2077 at 2.11M people compared to the peak of 33.8M people in 2100 for Kazakhstan.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
East Timor
|
Kazakhstan
|
|
| 2100 | -0.25% | 0.22% |
| 2099 | -0.33% | 0.23% |
| 2098 | -0.33% | 0.24% |
| 2097 | -0.39% | 0.27% |
| 2096 | -0.4% | 0.3% |
| 2095 | -0.34% | 0.3% |
| 2094 | -0.26% | 0.31% |
| 2093 | -0.27% | 0.29% |
| 2092 | -0.34% | 0.31% |
| 2091 | -0.31% | 0.32% |
| 2090 | -0.38% | 0.33% |
| 2089 | -0.29% | 0.34% |
| 2088 | -0.37% | 0.38% |
| 2087 | -0.14% | 0.38% |
| 2086 | -0.26% | 0.39% |
| 2085 | -0.28% | 0.4% |
| 2084 | -0.25% | 0.42% |
| 2083 | -0.12% | 0.4% |
| 2082 | -0.18% | 0.43% |
| 2081 | -0.14% | 0.44% |
| 2080 | 0.04% | 0.43% |
| 2079 | -0.12% | 0.47% |
| 2078 | -0.04% | 0.47% |
| 2077 | 0.03% | 0.48% |
| 2076 | -0.02% | 0.48% |
| 2075 | 0.08% | 0.49% |
| 2074 | 0.02% | 0.48% |
| 2073 | 0.18% | 0.49% |
| 2072 | 0.37% | 0.5% |
| 2071 | 0.12% | 0.51% |
| 2070 | 0.27% | 0.53% |
| 2069 | 0.32% | 0.51% |
| 2068 | 0.32% | 0.51% |
| 2067 | 0.41% | 0.52% |
| 2066 | 0.34% | 0.55% |
| 2065 | 0.38% | 0.55% |
| 2064 | 0.42% | 0.56% |
| 2063 | 0.35% | 0.57% |
| 2062 | 0.28% | 0.59% |
| 2061 | 0.38% | 0.6% |
| 2060 | 0.52% | 0.62% |
| 2059 | 0.57% | 0.63% |
| 2058 | 0.61% | 0.63% |
| 2057 | 0.72% | 0.7% |
| 2056 | 0.65% | 0.72% |
| 2055 | 0.43% | 0.72% |
| 2054 | 0.83% | 0.77% |
| 2053 | 0.69% | 0.78% |
| 2052 | 0.55% | 0.8% |
| 2051 | 0.89% | 0.81% |
| 2050 | 0.76% | 0.82% |
| 2049 | 0.92% | 0.88% |
| 2048 | 0.9% | 0.91% |
| 2047 | 0.85% | 0.91% |
| 2046 | 0.91% | 0.93% |
| 2045 | 0.86% | 0.94% |
| 2044 | 1.13% | 0.94% |
| 2043 | 1.17% | 0.94% |
| 2042 | 1.06% | 0.94% |
| 2041 | 1.06% | 0.97% |
| 2040 | 1.22% | 0.94% |
| 2039 | 1.16% | 0.95% |
| 2038 | 1.21% | 0.94% |
| 2037 | 1.18% | 0.96% |
| 2036 | 1.4% | 0.97% |
| 2035 | 1.27% | 0.98% |
| 2034 | 1.18% | 0.99% |
| 2033 | 1.18% | 1.03% |
| 2032 | 1.29% | 1% |
| 2031 | 1.45% | 1.03% |
| 2030 | 1.44% | 1.05% |
| 2029 | 1.44% | 1.08% |
| 2028 | 1.38% | 1.09% |
| 2027 | 1.32% | 1.12% |
| 2026 | 1.27% | 1.19% |
| 2025 | 1.28% | 1.22% |
| 2024 | 1.18% | 1.29% |
| 2023 | 1.09% | 1.47% |
| 2022 | 1.42% | 1.47% |
| 2021 | 1.82% | 1.34% |
| 2020 | 1.93% | 1.42% |
| 2019 | 1.96% | 1.46% |
| 2018 | 1.94% | 1.51% |
| 2017 | 1.9% | 1.57% |
| 2016 | 1.92% | 1.55% |
| 2015 | 1.97% | 1.5% |
| 2014 | 2% | 1.48% |
| 2013 | 2.1% | 1.45% |
| 2012 | 2.22% | 1.41% |
| 2011 | 2.35% | 1.36% |
| 2010 | 2.45% | 1.31% |
| 2009 | 2.55% | 1.18% |
| 2008 | 2.74% | 1.04% |
| 2007 | 2.9% | 0.95% |
| 2006 | 2.98% | 0.85% |
| 2005 | 2.07% | 0.74% |
| 2004 | 1.33% | 0.65% |
| 2003 | 4.29% | 0.58% |
| 2002 | 8.24% | 0.52% |
| 2001 | 9.01% | 0.48% |
| 2000 | -10.7% | 0.29% |
| 1999 | -11.4% | -1.23% |
| 1998 | 2.76% | -2.46% |
| 1997 | 2.79% | -2.27% |
| 1996 | 2.78% | -1.88% |
| 1995 | 2.8% | -1.84% |
| 1994 | 2.81% | -1.34% |
| 1993 | 2.77% | -0.34% |
| 1992 | 2.7% | 0.31% |
| 1991 | 2.36% | 0.73% |
| 1990 | 2.08% | 0.92% |
| 1989 | 1.93% | 1.29% |
| 1988 | 1.71% | 1.53% |
| 1987 | 1.6% | 1.63% |
| 1986 | 1.51% | 1.44% |
| 1985 | 1.44% | 1.18% |
| 1984 | 1.34% | 1.14% |
| 1983 | 1.28% | 1.12% |
| 1982 | 1.31% | 1.11% |
| 1981 | 1.63% | 1.12% |
| 1980 | 1.75% | 1.16% |
| 1979 | 1.58% | 1.82% |
| 1978 | 1.69% | 2.5% |
| 1977 | 1.76% | 2.53% |
| 1976 | 1.58% | 2.17% |
| 1975 | 1.24% | 1.83% |
| 1974 | 1.37% | 1.87% |
| 1973 | 1.73% | 1.98% |
| 1972 | 1.78% | 2.1% |
| 1971 | 1.79% | 2.14% |
| 1970 | 1.79% | 2.16% |
| 1969 | 1.78% | 2.33% |
| 1968 | 1.76% | 2.54% |
| 1967 | 1.74% | 2.62% |
| 1966 | 1.71% | 2.69% |
| 1965 | 1.68% | 2.83% |
| 1964 | 1.65% | 3.01% |
| 1963 | 1.61% | 3.17% |
| 1962 | 1.57% | 3.25% |
| 1961 | 1.53% | 3.31% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/east-timor/kazakhstan | CC BY
In 2025, the population of East Timor grew by 1.28%, while Kazakhstan's population grew by 1.22%.
Live population counters
|
East Timor
|
Kazakhstan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
1446322
|
21211812
|
| Population rank | 152/197 | 65/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.02% | 0.26% |
| One net population change |
29.5 minutes
|
2.1 minutes
|
| One birth every |
17.2 minutes
|
1.31 minutes
|
| One death every |
52 minutes
|
3.81 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +49 | +688 |
| Annual growth/decline | +17,879 | +251,183 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +1.28% | +1.22% |
| Population growth rate rank | 80/197 | 85/197 |
| One migration net change every |
3.44 hours
|
59.7 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -2,550 | -8,834 |
| Net migration rank | 102/196 | 130/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 8,303 | 2,089,797 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 179/195 | 36/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.6% | 10.1% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 169/195 | 66/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
East Timor
|
Kazakhstan
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -2,550 | - | -8,834 |
| 2024 | 20,378 | -2,552 | 264,079 | -7,368 |
| 2023 | 20,495 | -5,620 | 273,013 | -4,822 |
| 2022 | 20,625 | -5,519 | 277,019 | 45,755 |
| 2021 | 20,101 | 3,111 | 269,026 | -9,804 |
| 2020 | 21,166 | 3,793 | 272,458 | -8,716 |
| 2019 | 21,307 | 3,942 | 278,788 | 2,594 |
| 2018 | 21,650 | 3,062 | 278,917 | -6,644 |
| 2017 | 22,145 | 1,666 | 268,066 | 21,248 |
| 2016 | 22,778 | 208 | 277,878 | 9,478 |
| 2015 | 23,391 | -20 | 273,523 | -2,011 |
| 2014 | 24,040 | -958 | 274,406 | -10,170 |
| 2013 | 24,538 | -1,206 | 259,239 | -3,925 |
| 2012 | 24,890 | -609 | 249,987 | -4,512 |
| 2011 | 25,237 | -159 | 237,883 | -3,160 |
| 2010 | 25,515 | 470 | 230,479 | -6,840 |
| 2009 | 25,696 | 117 | 218,036 | -7,758 |
| 2008 | 25,888 | 1,009 | 214,169 | -37,796 |
| 2007 | 26,074 | 2,103 | 188,486 | -26,237 |
| 2006 | 26,221 | 2,184 | 166,480 | -21,728 |
| 2005 | 26,412 | 1,759 | 146,619 | -20,171 |
| 2004 | 26,751 | -16,447 | 132,286 | -22,841 |
| 2003 | 26,900 | -12,810 | 112,137 | -16,027 |
| 2002 | 25,410 | 35,935 | 93,564 | -8,272 |
| 2001 | 23,314 | 49,159 | 84,279 | -7,333 |
| 2000 | 21,579 | 40,272 | 80,699 | -8,754 |
| 1999 | 21,871 | -262,940 | 79,536 | -61,031 |
| 1998 | 23,590 | 1,806 | 85,735 | -488,075 |
| 1997 | 23,501 | 1,804 | 92,778 | -481,380 |
| 1996 | 22,703 | 1,796 | 112,384 | -469,331 |
| 1995 | 21,962 | 1,806 | 140,721 | -412,775 |
| 1994 | 21,746 | 1,794 | 165,631 | -520,028 |
| 1993 | 20,770 | 1,795 | 185,649 | -292,682 |
| 1992 | 19,880 | 1,794 | 204,785 | -214,015 |
| 1991 | 18,605 | 1,803 | 221,581 | -104,271 |
| 1990 | 18,343 | -2,881 | 235,113 | -103,336 |
| 1989 | 17,758 | -2,246 | 254,394 | -72,096 |
| 1988 | 12,118 | 587 | 275,278 | -25,892 |
| 1987 | 11,945 | -106 | 290,227 | -32,724 |
| 1986 | 11,062 | -316 | 295,818 | -23,297 |
| 1985 | 10,788 | -495 | 293,834 | -103,115 |
| 1984 | 10,922 | -1,436 | 278,485 | -96,266 |
| 1983 | 9,686 | -1,032 | 260,471 | -84,566 |
| 1982 | 9,579 | -1,125 | 246,983 | -76,976 |
| 1981 | 9,336 | -482 | 243,652 | -74,624 |
| 1980 | 6,940 | 5,457 | 238,977 | -67,731 |
| 1979 | 987 | 8,924 | 237,442 | -60,198 |
| 1978 | -1,000 | 10,967 | 225,895 | 131,248 |
| 1977 | 296 | 10,657 | 224,284 | 135,047 |
| 1976 | 783 | 9,662 | 221,992 | 127,735 |
| 1975 | -1,062 | 9,542 | 219,748 | 26,332 |
| 1974 | 8,405 | -2,222 | 217,668 | 28,807 |
| 1973 | 10,033 | -278 | 215,940 | 30,467 |
| 1972 | 10,030 | 0 | 212,319 | 53,914 |
| 1971 | 9,964 | 0 | 202,450 | 65,291 |
| 1970 | 9,824 | 0 | 191,775 | 72,000 |
| 1969 | 9,611 | 0 | 184,118 | 77,805 |
| 1968 | 9,356 | 0 | 186,254 | 105,890 |
| 1967 | 9,089 | 0 | 191,536 | 105,830 |
| 1966 | 8,810 | 0 | 191,506 | 101,999 |
| 1965 | 8,526 | 0 | 194,470 | 103,626 |
| 1964 | 8,235 | 0 | 208,899 | 98,761 |
| 1963 | 7,938 | 0 | 223,105 | 94,932 |
| 1962 | 7,639 | 0 | 228,177 | 90,842 |
| 1961 | 7,330 | 0 | 228,686 | 85,981 |
| 1960 | 7,012 | 0 | 226,027 | 83,525 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/east-timor/kazakhstan | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 99% of the population change in East Timor is from natural causes (a gain of 214,036 people) and 0.96% is from migration (a gain of 2,071 people). In Kazakhstan 98.6% is from natural causes (a gain of 2,732,767 people) and 1.43% is from migration (a gain of 39,710 people).
As of 2024, 8,303 residents or 0.6% of the population were not native-born in East Timor, compared to 2,089,797 people or 10.1% in Kazakhstan.
Biggest cities by population
|
East Timor
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Dili | 222K |
| Maliana | 15.8K |
| Baucau | 15K |
| Ainaro | 5.45K |
|
Kazakhstan
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Almaty | 2.23M |
| Shymkent | 1.19M |
| Nur-Sultan | 1.08M |
| Karaganda | 516K |
| Taraz | 418K |
| Aktobe | 388K |
| Semey | 350K |
| Pavlodar | 333K |
| Oskemen | 333K |
| Atyrau | 323K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between East Timor and Kazakhstan
|
East Timor
|
Kazakhstan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 68.3 years | 74.8 years |
| Average age | 26.8 years | 32.2 years |
| Median age | 22.8 years | 30.6 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.4:49.6 | 48.7:51.3 |
| Fertility rate | 2.63 births per woman | 2.98 births per woman |
| Population density | 250.2 ppl/mi² | 20.2 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/east-timor/kazakhstan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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