The latest officially reported population of East Timor was 1,418,517 in 2025 vs 2,837,077 people in Jamaica in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current East Timor's population is 1,446,322 people compared to 2,834,177 in Jamaica.
Population statistics:
- Jamaica's population is 1.96 times bigger than East Timor's.
- East Timor is ranked the 152nd most populous country in the world, while Jamaica is the 140th.
- The countries together account for 0.05% of the world: 0.02% for East Timor vs 0.03% for Jamaica.
- For the last 10 years, East Timor has had an average growth rate of +1.67% per year vs +0.14% in Jamaica.
- Since 2006, the population of East Timor has increased from 977K people to 1.45M (48.1% growth), while Jamaica has grown from 2.7M to 2.83M (4.93% growth).
East Timor vs Jamaica: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
East Timor
|
Jamaica
|
|
| 2100 | 1,987,832 | 1,075,631 |
| 2099 | 1,992,781 | 1,095,039 |
| 2098 | 1,999,464 | 1,114,926 |
| 2097 | 2,006,033 | 1,135,331 |
| 2096 | 2,013,975 | 1,156,197 |
| 2095 | 2,022,154 | 1,177,632 |
| 2094 | 2,029,021 | 1,199,705 |
| 2093 | 2,034,247 | 1,222,447 |
| 2092 | 2,039,828 | 1,245,845 |
| 2091 | 2,046,736 | 1,269,943 |
| 2090 | 2,053,036 | 1,294,621 |
| 2089 | 2,060,872 | 1,319,987 |
| 2088 | 2,066,894 | 1,345,908 |
| 2087 | 2,074,575 | 1,372,420 |
| 2086 | 2,077,501 | 1,399,559 |
| 2085 | 2,082,992 | 1,427,403 |
| 2084 | 2,088,750 | 1,455,598 |
| 2083 | 2,094,025 | 1,483,973 |
| 2082 | 2,096,584 | 1,513,113 |
| 2081 | 2,100,389 | 1,542,698 |
| 2080 | 2,103,318 | 1,572,954 |
| 2079 | 2,102,450 | 1,603,471 |
| 2078 | 2,105,023 | 1,634,036 |
| 2077 | 2,105,962 | 1,665,130 |
| 2076 | 2,105,353 | 1,696,282 |
| 2075 | 2,105,681 | 1,727,653 |
| 2074 | 2,104,008 | 1,759,538 |
| 2073 | 2,103,594 | 1,791,310 |
| 2072 | 2,099,913 | 1,823,277 |
| 2071 | 2,092,097 | 1,855,059 |
| 2070 | 2,089,631 | 1,886,784 |
| 2069 | 2,083,998 | 1,918,215 |
| 2068 | 2,077,421 | 1,949,604 |
| 2067 | 2,070,800 | 1,980,685 |
| 2066 | 2,062,424 | 2,011,465 |
| 2065 | 2,055,429 | 2,042,697 |
| 2064 | 2,047,710 | 2,073,400 |
| 2063 | 2,039,046 | 2,103,669 |
| 2062 | 2,031,925 | 2,133,903 |
| 2061 | 2,026,233 | 2,163,699 |
| 2060 | 2,018,606 | 2,193,436 |
| 2059 | 2,008,230 | 2,222,680 |
| 2058 | 1,996,788 | 2,251,648 |
| 2057 | 1,984,779 | 2,279,932 |
| 2056 | 1,970,553 | 2,308,282 |
| 2055 | 1,957,864 | 2,336,168 |
| 2054 | 1,949,402 | 2,363,575 |
| 2053 | 1,933,335 | 2,390,213 |
| 2052 | 1,920,154 | 2,416,056 |
| 2051 | 1,909,672 | 2,441,297 |
| 2050 | 1,892,861 | 2,466,072 |
| 2049 | 1,878,666 | 2,490,883 |
| 2048 | 1,861,588 | 2,514,954 |
| 2047 | 1,844,948 | 2,538,499 |
| 2046 | 1,829,365 | 2,561,597 |
| 2045 | 1,812,921 | 2,583,931 |
| 2044 | 1,797,407 | 2,605,750 |
| 2043 | 1,777,316 | 2,626,741 |
| 2042 | 1,756,704 | 2,646,740 |
| 2041 | 1,738,329 | 2,665,673 |
| 2040 | 1,720,028 | 2,683,790 |
| 2039 | 1,699,358 | 2,701,261 |
| 2038 | 1,679,907 | 2,717,604 |
| 2037 | 1,659,862 | 2,733,406 |
| 2036 | 1,640,436 | 2,747,946 |
| 2035 | 1,617,753 | 2,761,103 |
| 2034 | 1,597,457 | 2,773,511 |
| 2033 | 1,578,852 | 2,784,591 |
| 2032 | 1,560,402 | 2,794,827 |
| 2031 | 1,540,509 | 2,803,535 |
| 2030 | 1,518,434 | 2,811,500 |
| 2029 | 1,496,842 | 2,818,414 |
| 2028 | 1,475,633 | 2,824,434 |
| 2027 | 1,455,562 | 2,829,732 |
| 2026 | 1,436,564 | 2,834,177 |
| 2025 | 1,418,517 | 2,837,077 |
| 2024 | 1,400,638 | 2,839,175 |
| 2023 | 1,384,286 | 2,839,786 |
| 2022 | 1,369,295 | 2,839,144 |
| 2021 | 1,350,139 | 2,837,682 |
| 2020 | 1,326,053 | 2,830,739 |
| 2019 | 1,300,945 | 2,823,271 |
| 2018 | 1,275,959 | 2,820,097 |
| 2017 | 1,251,703 | 2,815,764 |
| 2016 | 1,228,312 | 2,809,915 |
| 2015 | 1,205,131 | 2,802,534 |
| 2014 | 1,181,903 | 2,793,749 |
| 2013 | 1,158,695 | 2,783,687 |
| 2012 | 1,134,885 | 2,772,430 |
| 2011 | 1,110,207 | 2,760,494 |
| 2010 | 1,084,679 | 2,748,568 |
| 2009 | 1,058,782 | 2,736,995 |
| 2008 | 1,032,429 | 2,725,635 |
| 2007 | 1,004,889 | 2,713,800 |
| 2006 | 976,597 | 2,700,968 |
| 2005 | 948,311 | 2,687,066 |
| 2004 | 929,074 | 2,672,225 |
| 2003 | 916,878 | 2,656,623 |
| 2002 | 879,159 | 2,640,572 |
| 2001 | 812,249 | 2,624,403 |
| 2000 | 745,088 | 2,607,826 |
| 1999 | 834,697 | 2,589,795 |
| 1998 | 942,530 | 2,569,736 |
| 1997 | 917,184 | 2,547,848 |
| 1996 | 892,282 | 2,524,463 |
| 1995 | 868,146 | 2,500,151 |
| 1994 | 844,493 | 2,475,220 |
| 1993 | 821,437 | 2,449,916 |
| 1992 | 799,318 | 2,424,701 |
| 1991 | 778,278 | 2,400,869 |
| 1990 | 760,345 | 2,379,877 |
| 1989 | 744,856 | 2,361,916 |
| 1988 | 730,745 | 2,345,777 |
| 1987 | 718,476 | 2,329,813 |
| 1986 | 707,185 | 2,312,125 |
| 1985 | 696,665 | 2,290,656 |
| 1984 | 686,777 | 2,264,562 |
| 1983 | 677,707 | 2,234,832 |
| 1982 | 669,149 | 2,203,889 |
| 1981 | 660,493 | 2,173,818 |
| 1980 | 649,871 | 2,145,658 |
| 1979 | 638,719 | 2,119,486 |
| 1978 | 628,775 | 2,094,836 |
| 1977 | 618,315 | 2,070,657 |
| 1976 | 607,620 | 2,045,578 |
| 1975 | 598,158 | 2,018,981 |
| 1974 | 590,827 | 1,990,906 |
| 1973 | 582,855 | 1,961,219 |
| 1972 | 572,962 | 1,931,542 |
| 1971 | 562,966 | 1,903,728 |
| 1970 | 553,069 | 1,878,196 |
| 1969 | 543,356 | 1,855,127 |
| 1968 | 533,875 | 1,833,765 |
| 1967 | 524,648 | 1,812,865 |
| 1966 | 515,696 | 1,791,475 |
| 1965 | 507,034 | 1,769,192 |
| 1964 | 498,659 | 1,745,568 |
| 1963 | 490,564 | 1,721,099 |
| 1962 | 482,774 | 1,696,932 |
| 1961 | 475,291 | 1,673,261 |
| 1960 | 468,118 | 1,650,005 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/east-timor/jamaica | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of East Timor increased by 251,715 people (a 25.8% growth), while Jamaica gained 108,947 people (a 4.03% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, East Timor gained 218,010 people (a 17.7% growth), while Jamaica's population increased by 24,262 people (a 0.86% growth).
East Timor was ranked 155th most populous country in 2006 and is 152nd in 2026. Jamaica was ranked 136th in 2006 and ranked 140th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) East Timor's population will grow by 30.9% to 1,892,861 people with a rank change from 152nd to 149th. The population of Jamaica will decrease by 13% to 2,466,072 people and rank change from 140th to 143rd.
East Timor is projected to reach its peak in 2077 at 2.11M people, while Jamaica's population already peaked in 2023 at 2.84M people and is projected to decrease to 1.08M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
East Timor
|
Jamaica
|
|
| 2100 | -0.25% | -1.77% |
| 2099 | -0.33% | -1.78% |
| 2098 | -0.33% | -1.8% |
| 2097 | -0.39% | -1.8% |
| 2096 | -0.4% | -1.82% |
| 2095 | -0.34% | -1.84% |
| 2094 | -0.26% | -1.86% |
| 2093 | -0.27% | -1.88% |
| 2092 | -0.34% | -1.9% |
| 2091 | -0.31% | -1.91% |
| 2090 | -0.38% | -1.92% |
| 2089 | -0.29% | -1.93% |
| 2088 | -0.37% | -1.93% |
| 2087 | -0.14% | -1.94% |
| 2086 | -0.26% | -1.95% |
| 2085 | -0.28% | -1.94% |
| 2084 | -0.25% | -1.91% |
| 2083 | -0.12% | -1.93% |
| 2082 | -0.18% | -1.92% |
| 2081 | -0.14% | -1.92% |
| 2080 | 0.04% | -1.9% |
| 2079 | -0.12% | -1.87% |
| 2078 | -0.04% | -1.87% |
| 2077 | 0.03% | -1.84% |
| 2076 | -0.02% | -1.82% |
| 2075 | 0.08% | -1.81% |
| 2074 | 0.02% | -1.77% |
| 2073 | 0.18% | -1.75% |
| 2072 | 0.37% | -1.71% |
| 2071 | 0.12% | -1.68% |
| 2070 | 0.27% | -1.64% |
| 2069 | 0.32% | -1.61% |
| 2068 | 0.32% | -1.57% |
| 2067 | 0.41% | -1.53% |
| 2066 | 0.34% | -1.53% |
| 2065 | 0.38% | -1.48% |
| 2064 | 0.42% | -1.44% |
| 2063 | 0.35% | -1.42% |
| 2062 | 0.28% | -1.38% |
| 2061 | 0.38% | -1.36% |
| 2060 | 0.52% | -1.32% |
| 2059 | 0.57% | -1.29% |
| 2058 | 0.61% | -1.24% |
| 2057 | 0.72% | -1.23% |
| 2056 | 0.65% | -1.19% |
| 2055 | 0.43% | -1.16% |
| 2054 | 0.83% | -1.11% |
| 2053 | 0.69% | -1.07% |
| 2052 | 0.55% | -1.03% |
| 2051 | 0.89% | -1% |
| 2050 | 0.76% | -1% |
| 2049 | 0.92% | -0.96% |
| 2048 | 0.9% | -0.93% |
| 2047 | 0.85% | -0.9% |
| 2046 | 0.91% | -0.86% |
| 2045 | 0.86% | -0.84% |
| 2044 | 1.13% | -0.8% |
| 2043 | 1.17% | -0.76% |
| 2042 | 1.06% | -0.71% |
| 2041 | 1.06% | -0.68% |
| 2040 | 1.22% | -0.65% |
| 2039 | 1.16% | -0.6% |
| 2038 | 1.21% | -0.58% |
| 2037 | 1.18% | -0.53% |
| 2036 | 1.4% | -0.48% |
| 2035 | 1.27% | -0.45% |
| 2034 | 1.18% | -0.4% |
| 2033 | 1.18% | -0.37% |
| 2032 | 1.29% | -0.31% |
| 2031 | 1.45% | -0.28% |
| 2030 | 1.44% | -0.25% |
| 2029 | 1.44% | -0.21% |
| 2028 | 1.38% | -0.19% |
| 2027 | 1.32% | -0.16% |
| 2026 | 1.27% | -0.1% |
| 2025 | 1.28% | -0.07% |
| 2024 | 1.18% | -0.02% |
| 2023 | 1.09% | 0.02% |
| 2022 | 1.42% | 0.05% |
| 2021 | 1.82% | 0.25% |
| 2020 | 1.93% | 0.26% |
| 2019 | 1.96% | 0.11% |
| 2018 | 1.94% | 0.15% |
| 2017 | 1.9% | 0.21% |
| 2016 | 1.92% | 0.26% |
| 2015 | 1.97% | 0.31% |
| 2014 | 2% | 0.36% |
| 2013 | 2.1% | 0.41% |
| 2012 | 2.22% | 0.43% |
| 2011 | 2.35% | 0.43% |
| 2010 | 2.45% | 0.42% |
| 2009 | 2.55% | 0.42% |
| 2008 | 2.74% | 0.44% |
| 2007 | 2.9% | 0.48% |
| 2006 | 2.98% | 0.52% |
| 2005 | 2.07% | 0.56% |
| 2004 | 1.33% | 0.59% |
| 2003 | 4.29% | 0.61% |
| 2002 | 8.24% | 0.62% |
| 2001 | 9.01% | 0.64% |
| 2000 | -10.7% | 0.7% |
| 1999 | -11.4% | 0.78% |
| 1998 | 2.76% | 0.86% |
| 1997 | 2.79% | 0.93% |
| 1996 | 2.78% | 0.97% |
| 1995 | 2.8% | 1.01% |
| 1994 | 2.81% | 1.03% |
| 1993 | 2.77% | 1.04% |
| 1992 | 2.7% | 0.99% |
| 1991 | 2.36% | 0.88% |
| 1990 | 2.08% | 0.76% |
| 1989 | 1.93% | 0.69% |
| 1988 | 1.71% | 0.69% |
| 1987 | 1.6% | 0.77% |
| 1986 | 1.51% | 0.94% |
| 1985 | 1.44% | 1.15% |
| 1984 | 1.34% | 1.33% |
| 1983 | 1.28% | 1.4% |
| 1982 | 1.31% | 1.38% |
| 1981 | 1.63% | 1.31% |
| 1980 | 1.75% | 1.23% |
| 1979 | 1.58% | 1.18% |
| 1978 | 1.69% | 1.17% |
| 1977 | 1.76% | 1.23% |
| 1976 | 1.58% | 1.32% |
| 1975 | 1.24% | 1.41% |
| 1974 | 1.37% | 1.51% |
| 1973 | 1.73% | 1.54% |
| 1972 | 1.78% | 1.46% |
| 1971 | 1.79% | 1.36% |
| 1970 | 1.79% | 1.24% |
| 1969 | 1.78% | 1.16% |
| 1968 | 1.76% | 1.15% |
| 1967 | 1.74% | 1.19% |
| 1966 | 1.71% | 1.26% |
| 1965 | 1.68% | 1.35% |
| 1964 | 1.65% | 1.42% |
| 1963 | 1.61% | 1.42% |
| 1962 | 1.57% | 1.41% |
| 1961 | 1.53% | 1.41% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/east-timor/jamaica | CC BY
In 2025, the population of East Timor grew by 1.28%, while Jamaica's population declined by 0.07%.
Live population counters
|
East Timor
|
Jamaica
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
1446322
|
2834177
|
| Population rank | 152/197 | 140/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.02% | 0.03% |
| One net population change |
29.5 minutes
|
4.19 hours
|
| One birth every |
17.2 minutes
|
16.2 minutes
|
| One death every |
52 minutes
|
22.6 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +49 | -6 |
| Annual growth/decline | +17,879 | -2,098 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +1.28% | -0.07% |
| Population growth rate rank | 80/197 | 165/197 |
| One migration net change every |
3.44 hours
|
47.7 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -2,550 | -11,053 |
| Net migration rank | 102/196 | 135/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 8,303 | 24,007 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 179/195 | 168/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.6% | 0.8% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 169/195 | 161/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
East Timor
|
Jamaica
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -2,550 | - | -11,053 |
| 2024 | 20,378 | -2,552 | 9,210 | -10,506 |
| 2023 | 20,495 | -5,620 | 10,072 | -10,003 |
| 2022 | 20,625 | -5,519 | 11,215 | -10,003 |
| 2021 | 20,101 | 3,111 | 6,382 | -4,665 |
| 2020 | 21,166 | 3,793 | 12,170 | 0 |
| 2019 | 21,307 | 3,942 | 13,094 | -10,335 |
| 2018 | 21,650 | 3,062 | 13,929 | -10,335 |
| 2017 | 22,145 | 1,666 | 15,419 | -10,335 |
| 2016 | 22,778 | 208 | 16,944 | -10,335 |
| 2015 | 23,391 | -20 | 18,489 | -10,335 |
| 2014 | 24,040 | -958 | 19,751 | -10,335 |
| 2013 | 24,538 | -1,206 | 21,037 | -10,335 |
| 2012 | 24,890 | -609 | 22,320 | -10,498 |
| 2011 | 25,237 | -159 | 23,627 | -11,577 |
| 2010 | 25,515 | 470 | 25,031 | -13,248 |
| 2009 | 25,696 | 117 | 26,311 | -14,941 |
| 2008 | 25,888 | 1,009 | 27,553 | -16,191 |
| 2007 | 26,074 | 2,103 | 28,886 | -16,588 |
| 2006 | 26,221 | 2,184 | 30,213 | -16,840 |
| 2005 | 26,412 | 1,759 | 31,506 | -17,071 |
| 2004 | 26,751 | -16,447 | 32,500 | -17,256 |
| 2003 | 26,900 | -12,810 | 33,340 | -17,380 |
| 2002 | 25,410 | 35,935 | 33,572 | -17,428 |
| 2001 | 23,314 | 49,159 | 33,666 | -17,466 |
| 2000 | 21,579 | 40,272 | 34,452 | -17,498 |
| 1999 | 21,871 | -262,940 | 36,649 | -17,542 |
| 1998 | 23,590 | 1,806 | 38,628 | -17,623 |
| 1997 | 23,501 | 1,804 | 40,521 | -17,756 |
| 1996 | 22,703 | 1,796 | 42,297 | -18,285 |
| 1995 | 21,962 | 1,806 | 43,705 | -19,092 |
| 1994 | 21,746 | 1,794 | 45,210 | -19,960 |
| 1993 | 20,770 | 1,795 | 46,090 | -20,731 |
| 1992 | 19,880 | 1,794 | 46,494 | -21,426 |
| 1991 | 18,605 | 1,803 | 45,617 | -23,014 |
| 1990 | 18,343 | -2,881 | 44,465 | -25,085 |
| 1989 | 17,758 | -2,246 | 43,591 | -27,049 |
| 1988 | 12,118 | 587 | 43,978 | -28,247 |
| 1987 | 11,945 | -106 | 44,155 | -27,958 |
| 1986 | 11,062 | -316 | 44,520 | -25,339 |
| 1985 | 10,788 | -495 | 45,122 | -21,371 |
| 1984 | 10,922 | -1,436 | 45,644 | -17,211 |
| 1983 | 9,686 | -1,032 | 45,095 | -14,065 |
| 1982 | 9,579 | -1,125 | 43,816 | -12,952 |
| 1981 | 9,336 | -482 | 42,898 | -13,619 |
| 1980 | 6,940 | 5,457 | 42,316 | -15,277 |
| 1979 | 987 | 8,924 | 42,449 | -17,143 |
| 1978 | -1,000 | 10,967 | 42,475 | -18,483 |
| 1977 | 296 | 10,657 | 42,999 | -18,630 |
| 1976 | 783 | 9,662 | 43,878 | -18,084 |
| 1975 | -1,062 | 9,542 | 44,736 | -17,340 |
| 1974 | 8,405 | -2,222 | 45,526 | -16,769 |
| 1973 | 10,033 | -278 | 47,438 | -16,822 |
| 1972 | 10,030 | 0 | 46,676 | -17,934 |
| 1971 | 9,964 | 0 | 47,206 | -20,322 |
| 1970 | 9,824 | 0 | 47,547 | -23,371 |
| 1969 | 9,611 | 0 | 48,258 | -26,304 |
| 1968 | 9,356 | 0 | 49,189 | -28,424 |
| 1967 | 9,089 | 0 | 50,187 | -29,147 |
| 1966 | 8,810 | 0 | 50,808 | -29,065 |
| 1965 | 8,526 | 0 | 51,423 | -28,611 |
| 1964 | 8,235 | 0 | 52,501 | -28,066 |
| 1963 | 7,938 | 0 | 52,277 | -27,757 |
| 1962 | 7,639 | 0 | 51,758 | -27,936 |
| 1961 | 7,330 | 0 | 51,931 | -28,416 |
| 1960 | 7,012 | 0 | 51,944 | -28,952 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/east-timor/jamaica | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 99% of the population change in East Timor is from natural causes (a gain of 214,036 people) and 0.96% is from migration (a gain of 2,071 people). In Jamaica 59.4% is from natural causes (a gain of 126,924 people) and 40.6% is from migration (a loss of 86,852 people).
As of 2024, 8,303 residents or 0.6% of the population were not native-born in East Timor, compared to 24,007 people or 0.8% in Jamaica.
Biggest cities by population
|
East Timor
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Dili | 222K |
| Maliana | 15.8K |
| Baucau | 15K |
| Ainaro | 5.45K |
|
Jamaica
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Kingston | 938K |
| Spanish Town | 131K |
| Montego Bay | 124K |
| May Pen | 61.5K |
| Mandeville | 48.3K |
| Old Harbour | 28.7K |
| Linstead | 22.8K |
| Savanna-la-Mar | 22.6K |
| Port Antonio | 14.8K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between East Timor and Jamaica
|
East Timor
|
Jamaica
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 68.3 years | 71.9 years |
| Average age | 26.8 years | 35.2 years |
| Median age | 22.8 years | 33.8 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.4:49.6 | 49.4:50.6 |
| Fertility rate | 2.63 births per woman | 1.35 births per woman |
| Population density | 250.2 ppl/mi² | 678 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/east-timor/jamaica | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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