The latest officially reported population of Kazakhstan was 20,592,571 in 2024 vs 7,769,819 people in Laos in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Kazakhstan's population is 21,161,809 people compared to 8,004,838 in Laos.
Population statistics:
- Kazakhstan's population is 2.64 times bigger than Laos'.
- Kazakhstan is ranked the 65th most populous country in the world, while Laos is the 103rd.
- The countries together account for 0.35% of the world: 0.26% for Kazakhstan vs 0.1% for Laos.
- For the last 10 years, Kazakhstan has had an average growth rate of +1.46% per year vs +1.48% in Laos.
- Since 2006, the population of Kazakhstan has increased from 16.1M people to 21.2M (31.4% growth), while Laos has grown from 5.96M to 8M (34.2% growth).
Kazakhstan vs Laos: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 2100 | 33,848,663 | 9,342,607 |
| 2099 | 33,772,741 | 9,389,481 |
| 2098 | 33,695,479 | 9,435,427 |
| 2097 | 33,615,447 | 9,480,219 |
| 2096 | 33,523,978 | 9,524,052 |
| 2095 | 33,424,720 | 9,567,045 |
| 2094 | 33,326,027 | 9,609,471 |
| 2093 | 33,224,553 | 9,651,065 |
| 2092 | 33,128,053 | 9,691,590 |
| 2091 | 33,024,570 | 9,731,446 |
| 2090 | 32,918,505 | 9,770,116 |
| 2089 | 32,809,364 | 9,807,690 |
| 2088 | 32,697,677 | 9,844,143 |
| 2087 | 32,574,802 | 9,879,110 |
| 2086 | 32,450,913 | 9,912,903 |
| 2085 | 32,326,215 | 9,945,223 |
| 2084 | 32,198,072 | 9,975,614 |
| 2083 | 32,062,485 | 10,005,023 |
| 2082 | 31,936,199 | 10,032,558 |
| 2081 | 31,798,193 | 10,058,731 |
| 2080 | 31,659,824 | 10,083,222 |
| 2079 | 31,525,030 | 10,106,703 |
| 2078 | 31,377,560 | 10,128,372 |
| 2077 | 31,230,620 | 10,148,533 |
| 2076 | 31,082,855 | 10,165,829 |
| 2075 | 30,934,158 | 10,182,062 |
| 2074 | 30,781,840 | 10,196,505 |
| 2073 | 30,635,989 | 10,208,837 |
| 2072 | 30,488,022 | 10,218,581 |
| 2071 | 30,336,588 | 10,225,726 |
| 2070 | 30,183,464 | 10,231,909 |
| 2069 | 30,024,249 | 10,235,317 |
| 2068 | 29,872,612 | 10,235,668 |
| 2067 | 29,722,383 | 10,233,930 |
| 2066 | 29,568,138 | 10,228,744 |
| 2065 | 29,406,227 | 10,222,027 |
| 2064 | 29,245,499 | 10,212,674 |
| 2063 | 29,081,885 | 10,200,753 |
| 2062 | 28,917,277 | 10,186,526 |
| 2061 | 28,748,398 | 10,169,161 |
| 2060 | 28,577,830 | 10,149,107 |
| 2059 | 28,401,552 | 10,126,671 |
| 2058 | 28,224,769 | 10,100,989 |
| 2057 | 28,046,842 | 10,072,578 |
| 2056 | 27,852,110 | 10,041,736 |
| 2055 | 27,652,544 | 10,008,916 |
| 2054 | 27,453,980 | 9,972,602 |
| 2053 | 27,243,894 | 9,933,363 |
| 2052 | 27,031,990 | 9,891,383 |
| 2051 | 26,818,727 | 9,846,656 |
| 2050 | 26,602,802 | 9,799,766 |
| 2049 | 26,385,294 | 9,750,669 |
| 2048 | 26,155,898 | 9,697,931 |
| 2047 | 25,920,222 | 9,643,484 |
| 2046 | 25,687,222 | 9,586,249 |
| 2045 | 25,451,058 | 9,527,029 |
| 2044 | 25,215,227 | 9,465,046 |
| 2043 | 24,979,701 | 9,401,665 |
| 2042 | 24,746,212 | 9,334,890 |
| 2041 | 24,516,106 | 9,266,149 |
| 2040 | 24,281,719 | 9,195,755 |
| 2039 | 24,055,361 | 9,122,969 |
| 2038 | 23,829,916 | 9,046,689 |
| 2037 | 23,608,263 | 8,968,700 |
| 2036 | 23,382,815 | 8,888,903 |
| 2035 | 23,159,205 | 8,807,373 |
| 2034 | 22,934,543 | 8,723,937 |
| 2033 | 22,708,727 | 8,638,238 |
| 2032 | 22,478,234 | 8,550,017 |
| 2031 | 22,254,688 | 8,459,669 |
| 2030 | 22,027,730 | 8,367,305 |
| 2029 | 21,799,495 | 8,273,173 |
| 2028 | 21,566,108 | 8,176,811 |
| 2027 | 21,333,660 | 8,078,122 |
| 2026 | 21,098,089 | 7,977,666 |
| 2025 | 20,850,907 | 7,874,813 |
| 2024 | 20,592,571 | 7,769,819 |
| 2023 | 20,330,104 | 7,664,993 |
| 2022 | 20,034,609 | 7,559,007 |
| 2021 | 19,743,603 | 7,453,194 |
| 2020 | 19,482,117 | 7,346,533 |
| 2019 | 19,209,555 | 7,237,636 |
| 2018 | 18,932,727 | 7,128,045 |
| 2017 | 18,651,931 | 7,018,147 |
| 2016 | 18,363,600 | 6,908,802 |
| 2015 | 18,084,169 | 6,801,645 |
| 2014 | 17,816,285 | 6,703,172 |
| 2013 | 17,556,502 | 6,611,385 |
| 2012 | 17,306,106 | 6,518,978 |
| 2011 | 17,066,002 | 6,426,590 |
| 2010 | 16,836,810 | 6,334,194 |
| 2009 | 16,619,846 | 6,241,642 |
| 2008 | 16,426,525 | 6,148,969 |
| 2007 | 16,257,214 | 6,056,236 |
| 2006 | 16,103,716 | 5,963,200 |
| 2005 | 15,968,117 | 5,869,523 |
| 2004 | 15,850,159 | 5,781,626 |
| 2003 | 15,747,380 | 5,697,945 |
| 2002 | 15,656,677 | 5,610,889 |
| 2001 | 15,575,550 | 5,521,482 |
| 2000 | 15,501,103 | 5,431,212 |
| 1999 | 15,455,874 | 5,340,784 |
| 1998 | 15,647,785 | 5,248,266 |
| 1997 | 16,043,251 | 5,152,011 |
| 1996 | 16,416,027 | 5,045,678 |
| 1995 | 16,730,536 | 4,929,409 |
| 1994 | 17,043,771 | 4,809,220 |
| 1993 | 17,274,487 | 4,685,060 |
| 1992 | 17,332,625 | 4,559,646 |
| 1991 | 17,278,600 | 4,435,118 |
| 1990 | 17,154,054 | 4,311,955 |
| 1989 | 16,997,013 | 4,190,974 |
| 1988 | 16,781,168 | 4,072,601 |
| 1987 | 16,527,715 | 3,957,612 |
| 1986 | 16,262,702 | 3,846,715 |
| 1985 | 16,031,090 | 3,739,985 |
| 1984 | 15,844,621 | 3,637,843 |
| 1983 | 15,665,551 | 3,541,001 |
| 1982 | 15,492,595 | 3,450,026 |
| 1981 | 15,323,082 | 3,366,631 |
| 1980 | 15,152,949 | 3,292,573 |
| 1979 | 14,978,696 | 3,228,202 |
| 1978 | 14,711,497 | 3,171,740 |
| 1977 | 14,353,265 | 3,118,923 |
| 1976 | 13,998,738 | 3,064,876 |
| 1975 | 13,700,843 | 3,005,521 |
| 1974 | 13,454,570 | 2,939,761 |
| 1973 | 13,208,121 | 2,870,573 |
| 1972 | 12,951,798 | 2,801,660 |
| 1971 | 12,684,813 | 2,734,628 |
| 1970 | 12,419,057 | 2,669,702 |
| 1969 | 12,156,212 | 2,606,959 |
| 1968 | 11,879,182 | 2,546,377 |
| 1967 | 11,584,428 | 2,487,715 |
| 1966 | 11,288,989 | 2,431,084 |
| 1965 | 10,993,183 | 2,376,200 |
| 1964 | 10,690,309 | 2,322,826 |
| 1963 | 10,377,466 | 2,271,061 |
| 1962 | 10,058,928 | 2,219,910 |
| 1961 | 9,742,085 | 2,169,796 |
| 1960 | 9,429,981 | 2,121,514 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/kazakhstan/laos | CC BY
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Kazakhstan increased by 2,259,884 people (a 14% growth), while Laos gained 945,602 people (a 15.9% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Kazakhstan gained 2,798,209 people (a 15.2% growth), while Laos' population increased by 1,096,036 people (a 15.9% growth).
Kazakhstan was ranked 62nd most populous country in 2006 and is 65th in 2026. Laos was ranked 105th in 2006 and ranked 103rd now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Kazakhstan's population will grow by 25.7% to 26,602,802 people with a rank change from 65th to 64th. The population of Laos will increase by 22.4% to 9,799,766 people and rank change from 103rd to 99th.
Kazakhstan is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 33.8M people compared to the peak of 10.2M people in 2068 for Laos.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 2100 | 0.22% | -0.5% |
| 2099 | 0.23% | -0.49% |
| 2098 | 0.24% | -0.47% |
| 2097 | 0.27% | -0.46% |
| 2096 | 0.3% | -0.45% |
| 2095 | 0.3% | -0.44% |
| 2094 | 0.31% | -0.43% |
| 2093 | 0.29% | -0.42% |
| 2092 | 0.31% | -0.41% |
| 2091 | 0.32% | -0.4% |
| 2090 | 0.33% | -0.38% |
| 2089 | 0.34% | -0.37% |
| 2088 | 0.38% | -0.35% |
| 2087 | 0.38% | -0.34% |
| 2086 | 0.39% | -0.32% |
| 2085 | 0.4% | -0.3% |
| 2084 | 0.42% | -0.29% |
| 2083 | 0.4% | -0.27% |
| 2082 | 0.43% | -0.26% |
| 2081 | 0.44% | -0.24% |
| 2080 | 0.43% | -0.23% |
| 2079 | 0.47% | -0.21% |
| 2078 | 0.47% | -0.2% |
| 2077 | 0.48% | -0.17% |
| 2076 | 0.48% | -0.16% |
| 2075 | 0.49% | -0.14% |
| 2074 | 0.48% | -0.12% |
| 2073 | 0.49% | -0.1% |
| 2072 | 0.5% | -0.07% |
| 2071 | 0.51% | -0.06% |
| 2070 | 0.53% | -0.03% |
| 2069 | 0.51% | -0.003% |
| 2068 | 0.51% | 0.02% |
| 2067 | 0.52% | 0.05% |
| 2066 | 0.55% | 0.07% |
| 2065 | 0.55% | 0.09% |
| 2064 | 0.56% | 0.12% |
| 2063 | 0.57% | 0.14% |
| 2062 | 0.59% | 0.17% |
| 2061 | 0.6% | 0.2% |
| 2060 | 0.62% | 0.22% |
| 2059 | 0.63% | 0.25% |
| 2058 | 0.63% | 0.28% |
| 2057 | 0.7% | 0.31% |
| 2056 | 0.72% | 0.33% |
| 2055 | 0.72% | 0.36% |
| 2054 | 0.77% | 0.4% |
| 2053 | 0.78% | 0.42% |
| 2052 | 0.8% | 0.45% |
| 2051 | 0.81% | 0.48% |
| 2050 | 0.82% | 0.5% |
| 2049 | 0.88% | 0.54% |
| 2048 | 0.91% | 0.56% |
| 2047 | 0.91% | 0.6% |
| 2046 | 0.93% | 0.62% |
| 2045 | 0.94% | 0.65% |
| 2044 | 0.94% | 0.67% |
| 2043 | 0.94% | 0.72% |
| 2042 | 0.94% | 0.74% |
| 2041 | 0.97% | 0.77% |
| 2040 | 0.94% | 0.8% |
| 2039 | 0.95% | 0.84% |
| 2038 | 0.94% | 0.87% |
| 2037 | 0.96% | 0.9% |
| 2036 | 0.97% | 0.93% |
| 2035 | 0.98% | 0.96% |
| 2034 | 0.99% | 0.99% |
| 2033 | 1.03% | 1.03% |
| 2032 | 1% | 1.07% |
| 2031 | 1.03% | 1.1% |
| 2030 | 1.05% | 1.14% |
| 2029 | 1.08% | 1.18% |
| 2028 | 1.09% | 1.22% |
| 2027 | 1.12% | 1.26% |
| 2026 | 1.19% | 1.31% |
| 2025 | 1.25% | 1.35% |
| 2024 | 1.29% | 1.37% |
| 2023 | 1.47% | 1.4% |
| 2022 | 1.47% | 1.42% |
| 2021 | 1.34% | 1.45% |
| 2020 | 1.42% | 1.5% |
| 2019 | 1.46% | 1.54% |
| 2018 | 1.51% | 1.57% |
| 2017 | 1.57% | 1.58% |
| 2016 | 1.55% | 1.58% |
| 2015 | 1.5% | 1.47% |
| 2014 | 1.48% | 1.39% |
| 2013 | 1.45% | 1.42% |
| 2012 | 1.41% | 1.44% |
| 2011 | 1.36% | 1.46% |
| 2010 | 1.31% | 1.48% |
| 2009 | 1.18% | 1.51% |
| 2008 | 1.04% | 1.53% |
| 2007 | 0.95% | 1.56% |
| 2006 | 0.85% | 1.6% |
| 2005 | 0.74% | 1.52% |
| 2004 | 0.65% | 1.47% |
| 2003 | 0.58% | 1.55% |
| 2002 | 0.52% | 1.62% |
| 2001 | 0.48% | 1.66% |
| 2000 | 0.29% | 1.69% |
| 1999 | -1.23% | 1.76% |
| 1998 | -2.46% | 1.87% |
| 1997 | -2.27% | 2.11% |
| 1996 | -1.88% | 2.36% |
| 1995 | -1.84% | 2.5% |
| 1994 | -1.34% | 2.65% |
| 1993 | -0.34% | 2.75% |
| 1992 | 0.31% | 2.81% |
| 1991 | 0.73% | 2.86% |
| 1990 | 0.92% | 2.89% |
| 1989 | 1.29% | 2.91% |
| 1988 | 1.53% | 2.91% |
| 1987 | 1.63% | 2.88% |
| 1986 | 1.44% | 2.85% |
| 1985 | 1.18% | 2.81% |
| 1984 | 1.14% | 2.73% |
| 1983 | 1.12% | 2.64% |
| 1982 | 1.11% | 2.48% |
| 1981 | 1.12% | 2.25% |
| 1980 | 1.16% | 1.99% |
| 1979 | 1.82% | 1.78% |
| 1978 | 2.5% | 1.69% |
| 1977 | 2.53% | 1.76% |
| 1976 | 2.17% | 1.97% |
| 1975 | 1.83% | 2.24% |
| 1974 | 1.87% | 2.41% |
| 1973 | 1.98% | 2.46% |
| 1972 | 2.1% | 2.45% |
| 1971 | 2.14% | 2.43% |
| 1970 | 2.16% | 2.41% |
| 1969 | 2.33% | 2.38% |
| 1968 | 2.54% | 2.36% |
| 1967 | 2.62% | 2.33% |
| 1966 | 2.69% | 2.31% |
| 1965 | 2.83% | 2.3% |
| 1964 | 3.01% | 2.28% |
| 1963 | 3.17% | 2.3% |
| 1962 | 3.25% | 2.31% |
| 1961 | 3.31% | 2.28% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/kazakhstan/laos | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Kazakhstan grew by 1.29%, while Laos' population grew by 1.37%.
Live population counters
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
21161809
|
8004838
|
| Population rank | 65/197 | 103/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.26% | 0.1% |
| One net population change |
2 minutes
|
5.01 minutes
|
| One birth every |
1.28 minutes
|
3.22 minutes
|
| One death every |
3.85 minutes
|
11 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +719 | +287 |
| Annual growth/decline | +262,467 | +104,826 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +1.29% | +1.37% |
| Population growth rate rank | 82/197 | 77/197 |
| One migration net change every |
59.7 minutes
|
49.5 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -8,834 | -10,645 |
| Net migration rank | 130/196 | 134/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 2,089,797 | 51,446 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 36/195 | 149/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 10.1% | 0.7% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 66/195 | 166/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -8,834 | - | -10,645 |
| 2024 | - | -7,368 | - | -10,284 |
| 2023 | 273,013 | -4,822 | 115,359 | -10,003 |
| 2022 | 277,019 | 45,755 | 116,620 | -10,003 |
| 2021 | 269,026 | -9,804 | 115,323 | -10,305 |
| 2020 | 272,458 | -8,716 | 118,609 | -10,305 |
| 2019 | 278,788 | 2,594 | 119,797 | -10,305 |
| 2018 | 278,917 | -6,644 | 119,986 | -10,305 |
| 2017 | 268,066 | 21,248 | 120,515 | -10,400 |
| 2016 | 277,878 | 9,478 | 119,978 | -11,401 |
| 2015 | 273,523 | -2,011 | 118,723 | -12,991 |
| 2014 | 274,406 | -10,170 | 118,103 | -26,881 |
| 2013 | 259,239 | -3,925 | 119,845 | -27,492 |
| 2012 | 249,987 | -4,512 | 121,324 | -28,871 |
| 2011 | 237,883 | -3,160 | 122,863 | -30,538 |
| 2010 | 230,479 | -6,840 | 122,516 | -30,046 |
| 2009 | 218,036 | -7,758 | 122,174 | -29,545 |
| 2008 | 214,169 | -37,796 | 121,042 | -28,318 |
| 2007 | 188,486 | -26,237 | 119,980 | -27,233 |
| 2006 | 166,480 | -21,728 | 118,602 | -25,286 |
| 2005 | 146,619 | -20,171 | 118,165 | -24,138 |
| 2004 | 132,286 | -22,841 | 121,888 | -40,120 |
| 2003 | 112,137 | -16,027 | 122,158 | -36,572 |
| 2002 | 93,564 | -8,272 | 122,110 | -33,595 |
| 2001 | 84,279 | -7,333 | 123,847 | -33,552 |
| 2000 | 80,699 | -8,754 | 124,201 | -33,965 |
| 1999 | 79,536 | -61,031 | 127,255 | -36,632 |
| 1998 | 85,735 | -488,075 | 128,409 | -33,997 |
| 1997 | 92,778 | -481,380 | 130,388 | -32,288 |
| 1996 | 112,384 | -469,331 | 131,142 | -16,574 |
| 1995 | 140,721 | -412,775 | 132,241 | -14,279 |
| 1994 | 165,631 | -520,028 | 134,201 | -11,782 |
| 1993 | 185,649 | -292,682 | 135,295 | -9,390 |
| 1992 | 204,785 | -214,015 | 132,417 | -7,502 |
| 1991 | 221,581 | -104,271 | 129,523 | -5,390 |
| 1990 | 235,113 | -103,336 | 125,297 | -3,100 |
| 1989 | 254,394 | -72,096 | 121,044 | -1,272 |
| 1988 | 275,278 | -25,892 | 117,050 | -80 |
| 1987 | 290,227 | -32,724 | 113,005 | 0 |
| 1986 | 295,818 | -23,297 | 109,266 | -475 |
| 1985 | 293,834 | -103,115 | 106,047 | -1,376 |
| 1984 | 278,485 | -96,266 | 102,318 | -2,698 |
| 1983 | 260,471 | -84,566 | 98,178 | -4,108 |
| 1982 | 246,983 | -76,976 | 94,058 | -6,184 |
| 1981 | 243,652 | -74,624 | 89,963 | -11,061 |
| 1980 | 238,977 | -67,731 | 86,548 | -17,339 |
| 1979 | 237,442 | -60,198 | 82,852 | -23,317 |
| 1978 | 225,895 | 131,248 | 80,604 | -27,208 |
| 1977 | 224,284 | 135,047 | 79,149 | -26,908 |
| 1976 | 221,992 | 127,735 | 77,575 | -21,738 |
| 1975 | 219,748 | 26,332 | 76,725 | -13,858 |
| 1974 | 217,668 | 28,807 | 74,652 | -6,000 |
| 1973 | 215,940 | 30,467 | 70,513 | -774 |
| 1972 | 212,319 | 53,914 | 68,095 | 0 |
| 1971 | 202,450 | 65,291 | 65,959 | 0 |
| 1970 | 191,775 | 72,000 | 63,896 | 0 |
| 1969 | 184,118 | 77,805 | 61,595 | 0 |
| 1968 | 186,254 | 105,890 | 59,567 | 0 |
| 1967 | 191,536 | 105,830 | 57,763 | 0 |
| 1966 | 191,506 | 101,999 | 55,494 | 0 |
| 1965 | 194,470 | 103,626 | 54,268 | 0 |
| 1964 | 208,899 | 98,761 | 52,482 | 0 |
| 1963 | 223,105 | 94,932 | 51,056 | 0 |
| 1962 | 228,177 | 90,842 | 51,244 | 0 |
| 1961 | 228,686 | 85,981 | 48,992 | 0 |
| 1960 | 226,027 | 83,525 | 47,575 | 0 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/kazakhstan/laos | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 98.7% of the population change in Kazakhstan is from natural causes (a gain of 2,743,094 people) and 1.33% is from migration (a gain of 36,908 people). In Laos 90.6% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,183,013 people) and 9.41% is from migration (a loss of 122,899 people).
As of 2024, 2,089,797 residents or 10.1% of the population were not native-born in Kazakhstan, compared to 51,446 people or 0.7% in Laos.
Biggest cities by population
|
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Almaty | 2.23M |
| Shymkent | 1.19M |
| Nur-Sultan | 1.08M |
| Karaganda | 516K |
| Taraz | 418K |
| Aktobe | 388K |
| Semey | 350K |
| Pavlodar | 333K |
| Oskemen | 333K |
| Atyrau | 295K |
|
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Vientiane | 948K |
| Thakhek | 90.8K |
| Luang Prabang | 53.8K |
| Vang Vieng | 25K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Kazakhstan and Laos
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 74.8 years | 69.7 years |
| Average age | 32 years | 28.3 years |
| Median age | 30.5 years | 25.6 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 48.7:51.3 | 50.2:49.8 |
| Fertility rate | 3.01 births per woman | 2.42 births per woman |
| Population density | 20.2 ppl/mi² | 89.5 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/kazakhstan/laos | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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