The latest officially reported population of Comoros was 882,847 in 2025 vs 20,843,754 people in Kazakhstan in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Comoros' population is 907,554 people compared to 21,211,812 in Kazakhstan.
Population statistics:
- Kazakhstan's population is 23.4 times bigger than Comoros'.
- Comoros is ranked the 160th most populous country in the world, while Kazakhstan is the 65th.
- The countries together account for 0.27% of the world: 0.01% for Comoros vs 0.26% for Kazakhstan.
- For the last 10 years, Comoros has had an average growth rate of +1.98% per year vs +1.44% in Kazakhstan.
- Since 2006, the population of Comoros has increased from 605K people to 908K (50.1% growth), while Kazakhstan has grown from 16.1M to 21.2M (31.7% growth).
Comoros vs Kazakhstan: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Comoros
|
Kazakhstan
|
|
| 2100 | 1,926,001 | 33,837,050 |
| 2099 | 1,920,237 | 33,761,154 |
| 2098 | 1,914,226 | 33,683,919 |
| 2097 | 1,907,753 | 33,603,915 |
| 2096 | 1,901,145 | 33,512,477 |
| 2095 | 1,894,043 | 33,413,253 |
| 2094 | 1,886,731 | 33,314,594 |
| 2093 | 1,879,280 | 33,213,155 |
| 2092 | 1,871,442 | 33,116,688 |
| 2091 | 1,863,207 | 33,013,240 |
| 2090 | 1,854,628 | 32,907,211 |
| 2089 | 1,845,770 | 32,798,108 |
| 2088 | 1,836,626 | 32,686,460 |
| 2087 | 1,827,319 | 32,563,627 |
| 2086 | 1,817,526 | 32,439,780 |
| 2085 | 1,807,595 | 32,315,125 |
| 2084 | 1,797,247 | 32,187,026 |
| 2083 | 1,786,418 | 32,051,485 |
| 2082 | 1,775,471 | 31,925,242 |
| 2081 | 1,764,356 | 31,787,284 |
| 2080 | 1,752,964 | 31,648,962 |
| 2079 | 1,741,420 | 31,514,214 |
| 2078 | 1,729,386 | 31,366,796 |
| 2077 | 1,717,157 | 31,219,906 |
| 2076 | 1,704,500 | 31,072,192 |
| 2075 | 1,691,609 | 30,923,546 |
| 2074 | 1,678,648 | 30,771,280 |
| 2073 | 1,665,451 | 30,625,478 |
| 2072 | 1,652,064 | 30,477,563 |
| 2071 | 1,638,357 | 30,326,181 |
| 2070 | 1,624,757 | 30,173,109 |
| 2069 | 1,610,830 | 30,013,948 |
| 2068 | 1,596,616 | 29,862,364 |
| 2067 | 1,582,126 | 29,712,186 |
| 2066 | 1,567,516 | 29,557,994 |
| 2065 | 1,552,831 | 29,396,139 |
| 2064 | 1,537,938 | 29,235,466 |
| 2063 | 1,522,892 | 29,071,908 |
| 2062 | 1,507,810 | 28,907,357 |
| 2061 | 1,492,305 | 28,738,535 |
| 2060 | 1,476,645 | 28,568,026 |
| 2059 | 1,460,854 | 28,391,809 |
| 2058 | 1,444,947 | 28,215,085 |
| 2057 | 1,428,887 | 28,037,220 |
| 2056 | 1,412,627 | 27,842,554 |
| 2055 | 1,396,136 | 27,643,057 |
| 2054 | 1,379,512 | 27,444,561 |
| 2053 | 1,362,718 | 27,234,548 |
| 2052 | 1,345,563 | 27,022,716 |
| 2051 | 1,328,334 | 26,809,526 |
| 2050 | 1,310,991 | 26,593,675 |
| 2049 | 1,293,638 | 26,376,242 |
| 2048 | 1,276,008 | 26,146,925 |
| 2047 | 1,258,663 | 25,911,330 |
| 2046 | 1,241,175 | 25,678,409 |
| 2045 | 1,223,576 | 25,442,326 |
| 2044 | 1,205,796 | 25,206,576 |
| 2043 | 1,188,079 | 24,971,131 |
| 2042 | 1,170,578 | 24,737,722 |
| 2041 | 1,153,033 | 24,507,695 |
| 2040 | 1,135,514 | 24,273,388 |
| 2039 | 1,117,995 | 24,047,108 |
| 2038 | 1,100,650 | 23,821,741 |
| 2037 | 1,083,380 | 23,600,163 |
| 2036 | 1,066,037 | 23,374,793 |
| 2035 | 1,048,888 | 23,151,259 |
| 2034 | 1,031,937 | 22,926,675 |
| 2033 | 1,014,960 | 22,700,937 |
| 2032 | 998,204 | 22,470,522 |
| 2031 | 981,505 | 22,247,053 |
| 2030 | 964,876 | 22,020,172 |
| 2029 | 948,286 | 21,792,016 |
| 2028 | 931,821 | 21,558,709 |
| 2027 | 915,471 | 21,326,341 |
| 2026 | 899,193 | 21,090,850 |
| 2025 | 882,847 | 20,843,754 |
| 2024 | 866,628 | 20,592,571 |
| 2023 | 850,387 | 20,330,104 |
| 2022 | 834,188 | 20,034,609 |
| 2021 | 818,174 | 19,743,603 |
| 2020 | 802,163 | 19,482,117 |
| 2019 | 786,578 | 19,209,555 |
| 2018 | 771,590 | 18,932,727 |
| 2017 | 756,669 | 18,651,931 |
| 2016 | 741,741 | 18,363,600 |
| 2015 | 726,682 | 18,084,169 |
| 2014 | 711,503 | 17,816,285 |
| 2013 | 696,192 | 17,556,502 |
| 2012 | 681,630 | 17,306,106 |
| 2011 | 668,056 | 17,066,002 |
| 2010 | 654,836 | 16,836,810 |
| 2009 | 641,947 | 16,619,846 |
| 2008 | 629,307 | 16,426,525 |
| 2007 | 616,927 | 16,257,214 |
| 2006 | 604,753 | 16,103,716 |
| 2005 | 592,677 | 15,968,117 |
| 2004 | 580,704 | 15,850,159 |
| 2003 | 569,798 | 15,747,380 |
| 2002 | 558,923 | 15,656,677 |
| 2001 | 547,220 | 15,575,550 |
| 2000 | 536,080 | 15,501,103 |
| 1999 | 525,886 | 15,455,874 |
| 1998 | 516,597 | 15,647,785 |
| 1997 | 507,777 | 16,043,251 |
| 1996 | 499,107 | 16,416,027 |
| 1995 | 490,586 | 16,730,536 |
| 1994 | 482,142 | 17,043,771 |
| 1993 | 473,682 | 17,274,487 |
| 1992 | 465,113 | 17,332,625 |
| 1991 | 455,556 | 17,278,600 |
| 1990 | 444,596 | 17,154,054 |
| 1989 | 433,103 | 16,997,013 |
| 1988 | 421,687 | 16,781,168 |
| 1987 | 410,439 | 16,527,715 |
| 1986 | 399,318 | 16,262,702 |
| 1985 | 388,352 | 16,031,090 |
| 1984 | 377,637 | 15,844,621 |
| 1983 | 367,233 | 15,665,551 |
| 1982 | 357,139 | 15,492,595 |
| 1981 | 347,382 | 15,323,082 |
| 1980 | 337,721 | 15,152,949 |
| 1979 | 327,791 | 14,978,696 |
| 1978 | 317,688 | 14,711,497 |
| 1977 | 307,579 | 14,353,265 |
| 1976 | 297,538 | 13,998,738 |
| 1975 | 287,692 | 13,700,843 |
| 1974 | 278,075 | 13,454,570 |
| 1973 | 268,820 | 13,208,121 |
| 1972 | 260,077 | 12,951,798 |
| 1971 | 251,865 | 12,684,813 |
| 1970 | 244,185 | 12,419,057 |
| 1969 | 237,001 | 12,156,212 |
| 1968 | 230,244 | 11,879,182 |
| 1967 | 223,859 | 11,584,428 |
| 1966 | 218,663 | 11,288,989 |
| 1965 | 214,967 | 10,993,183 |
| 1964 | 211,644 | 10,690,309 |
| 1963 | 208,185 | 10,377,466 |
| 1962 | 204,702 | 10,058,928 |
| 1961 | 201,201 | 9,742,085 |
| 1960 | 197,700 | 9,429,981 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/comoros/kazakhstan | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Comoros increased by 136,988 people (a 22.7% growth), while Kazakhstan gained 2,259,884 people (a 14% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Comoros gained 165,813 people (a 22.4% growth), while Kazakhstan's population increased by 2,848,212 people (a 15.5% growth).
Comoros was ranked 163rd most populous country in 2006 and is 160th in 2026. Kazakhstan was ranked 62nd in 2006 and ranked 65th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Comoros' population will grow by 44.5% to 1,310,991 people with a rank change from 160th to 157th. The population of Kazakhstan will increase by 25.4% to 26,593,675 people and rank change from 65th to 64th.
Comoros is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 1.93M people compared to the peak of 33.8M people in 2100 for Kazakhstan.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Comoros
|
Kazakhstan
|
|
| 2100 | 0.3% | 0.22% |
| 2099 | 0.31% | 0.23% |
| 2098 | 0.34% | 0.24% |
| 2097 | 0.35% | 0.27% |
| 2096 | 0.37% | 0.3% |
| 2095 | 0.39% | 0.3% |
| 2094 | 0.4% | 0.31% |
| 2093 | 0.42% | 0.29% |
| 2092 | 0.44% | 0.31% |
| 2091 | 0.46% | 0.32% |
| 2090 | 0.48% | 0.33% |
| 2089 | 0.5% | 0.34% |
| 2088 | 0.51% | 0.38% |
| 2087 | 0.54% | 0.38% |
| 2086 | 0.55% | 0.39% |
| 2085 | 0.58% | 0.4% |
| 2084 | 0.61% | 0.42% |
| 2083 | 0.62% | 0.4% |
| 2082 | 0.63% | 0.43% |
| 2081 | 0.65% | 0.44% |
| 2080 | 0.66% | 0.43% |
| 2079 | 0.7% | 0.47% |
| 2078 | 0.71% | 0.47% |
| 2077 | 0.74% | 0.48% |
| 2076 | 0.76% | 0.48% |
| 2075 | 0.77% | 0.49% |
| 2074 | 0.79% | 0.48% |
| 2073 | 0.81% | 0.49% |
| 2072 | 0.84% | 0.5% |
| 2071 | 0.84% | 0.51% |
| 2070 | 0.86% | 0.53% |
| 2069 | 0.89% | 0.51% |
| 2068 | 0.92% | 0.51% |
| 2067 | 0.93% | 0.52% |
| 2066 | 0.95% | 0.55% |
| 2065 | 0.97% | 0.55% |
| 2064 | 0.99% | 0.56% |
| 2063 | 1% | 0.57% |
| 2062 | 1.04% | 0.59% |
| 2061 | 1.06% | 0.6% |
| 2060 | 1.08% | 0.62% |
| 2059 | 1.1% | 0.63% |
| 2058 | 1.12% | 0.63% |
| 2057 | 1.15% | 0.7% |
| 2056 | 1.18% | 0.72% |
| 2055 | 1.21% | 0.72% |
| 2054 | 1.23% | 0.77% |
| 2053 | 1.27% | 0.78% |
| 2052 | 1.3% | 0.8% |
| 2051 | 1.32% | 0.81% |
| 2050 | 1.34% | 0.82% |
| 2049 | 1.38% | 0.88% |
| 2048 | 1.38% | 0.91% |
| 2047 | 1.41% | 0.91% |
| 2046 | 1.44% | 0.93% |
| 2045 | 1.47% | 0.94% |
| 2044 | 1.49% | 0.94% |
| 2043 | 1.5% | 0.94% |
| 2042 | 1.52% | 0.94% |
| 2041 | 1.54% | 0.97% |
| 2040 | 1.57% | 0.94% |
| 2039 | 1.58% | 0.95% |
| 2038 | 1.59% | 0.94% |
| 2037 | 1.63% | 0.96% |
| 2036 | 1.63% | 0.97% |
| 2035 | 1.64% | 0.98% |
| 2034 | 1.67% | 0.99% |
| 2033 | 1.68% | 1.03% |
| 2032 | 1.7% | 1% |
| 2031 | 1.72% | 1.03% |
| 2030 | 1.75% | 1.05% |
| 2029 | 1.77% | 1.08% |
| 2028 | 1.79% | 1.09% |
| 2027 | 1.81% | 1.12% |
| 2026 | 1.85% | 1.19% |
| 2025 | 1.87% | 1.22% |
| 2024 | 1.91% | 1.29% |
| 2023 | 1.94% | 1.47% |
| 2022 | 1.96% | 1.47% |
| 2021 | 2% | 1.34% |
| 2020 | 1.98% | 1.42% |
| 2019 | 1.94% | 1.46% |
| 2018 | 1.97% | 1.51% |
| 2017 | 2.01% | 1.57% |
| 2016 | 2.07% | 1.55% |
| 2015 | 2.13% | 1.5% |
| 2014 | 2.2% | 1.48% |
| 2013 | 2.14% | 1.45% |
| 2012 | 2.03% | 1.41% |
| 2011 | 2.02% | 1.36% |
| 2010 | 2.01% | 1.31% |
| 2009 | 2.01% | 1.18% |
| 2008 | 2.01% | 1.04% |
| 2007 | 2.01% | 0.95% |
| 2006 | 2.04% | 0.85% |
| 2005 | 2.06% | 0.74% |
| 2004 | 1.91% | 0.65% |
| 2003 | 1.95% | 0.58% |
| 2002 | 2.14% | 0.52% |
| 2001 | 2.08% | 0.48% |
| 2000 | 1.94% | 0.29% |
| 1999 | 1.8% | -1.23% |
| 1998 | 1.74% | -2.46% |
| 1997 | 1.74% | -2.27% |
| 1996 | 1.74% | -1.88% |
| 1995 | 1.75% | -1.84% |
| 1994 | 1.79% | -1.34% |
| 1993 | 1.84% | -0.34% |
| 1992 | 2.1% | 0.31% |
| 1991 | 2.47% | 0.73% |
| 1990 | 2.65% | 0.92% |
| 1989 | 2.71% | 1.29% |
| 1988 | 2.74% | 1.53% |
| 1987 | 2.78% | 1.63% |
| 1986 | 2.82% | 1.44% |
| 1985 | 2.84% | 1.18% |
| 1984 | 2.83% | 1.14% |
| 1983 | 2.83% | 1.12% |
| 1982 | 2.81% | 1.11% |
| 1981 | 2.86% | 1.12% |
| 1980 | 3.03% | 1.16% |
| 1979 | 3.18% | 1.82% |
| 1978 | 3.29% | 2.5% |
| 1977 | 3.37% | 2.53% |
| 1976 | 3.42% | 2.17% |
| 1975 | 3.46% | 1.83% |
| 1974 | 3.44% | 1.87% |
| 1973 | 3.36% | 1.98% |
| 1972 | 3.26% | 2.1% |
| 1971 | 3.15% | 2.14% |
| 1970 | 3.03% | 2.16% |
| 1969 | 2.93% | 2.33% |
| 1968 | 2.85% | 2.54% |
| 1967 | 2.38% | 2.62% |
| 1966 | 1.72% | 2.69% |
| 1965 | 1.57% | 2.83% |
| 1964 | 1.66% | 3.01% |
| 1963 | 1.7% | 3.17% |
| 1962 | 1.74% | 3.25% |
| 1961 | 1.77% | 3.31% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/comoros/kazakhstan | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Comoros grew by 1.87%, while Kazakhstan's population grew by 1.22%.
Live population counters
|
Comoros
|
Kazakhstan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
907554
|
21211812
|
| Population rank | 160/197 | 65/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.01% | 0.26% |
| One net population change |
32.5 minutes
|
2.1 minutes
|
| One birth every |
21.5 minutes
|
1.31 minutes
|
| One death every |
1.42 hours
|
3.81 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +44 | +688 |
| Annual growth/decline | +16,219 | +251,183 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +1.87% | +1.22% |
| Population growth rate rank | 55/197 | 85/197 |
| One migration net change every |
4.13 hours
|
59.7 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -2,127 | -8,834 |
| Net migration rank | 98/196 | 130/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 12,449 | 2,089,797 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 177/195 | 36/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 1.4% | 10.1% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 147/195 | 66/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Comoros
|
Kazakhstan
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -2,127 | - | -8,834 |
| 2024 | 18,294 | -2,051 | 264,079 | -7,368 |
| 2023 | 18,247 | -2,002 | 273,013 | -4,822 |
| 2022 | 18,154 | -2,002 | 277,019 | 45,755 |
| 2021 | 17,645 | -1,766 | 269,026 | -9,804 |
| 2020 | 17,906 | -1,766 | 272,458 | -8,716 |
| 2019 | 17,936 | -2,916 | 278,788 | 2,594 |
| 2018 | 17,883 | -2,917 | 278,917 | -6,644 |
| 2017 | 17,798 | -2,920 | 268,066 | 21,248 |
| 2016 | 17,913 | -2,938 | 277,878 | 9,478 |
| 2015 | 17,961 | -2,815 | 273,523 | -2,011 |
| 2014 | 17,876 | -2,667 | 274,406 | -10,170 |
| 2013 | 17,776 | -2,365 | 259,239 | -3,925 |
| 2012 | 17,565 | -3,835 | 249,987 | -4,512 |
| 2011 | 17,313 | -3,897 | 237,883 | -3,160 |
| 2010 | 16,849 | -3,832 | 230,479 | -6,840 |
| 2009 | 16,315 | -3,553 | 218,036 | -7,758 |
| 2008 | 15,804 | -3,294 | 214,169 | -37,796 |
| 2007 | 15,393 | -3,147 | 188,486 | -26,237 |
| 2006 | 15,124 | -3,020 | 166,480 | -21,728 |
| 2005 | 14,810 | -2,760 | 146,619 | -20,171 |
| 2004 | 14,349 | -2,455 | 132,286 | -22,841 |
| 2003 | 14,031 | -4,112 | 112,137 | -16,027 |
| 2002 | 13,760 | -1,925 | 93,564 | -8,272 |
| 2001 | 13,598 | -2,029 | 84,279 | -7,333 |
| 2000 | 13,270 | -2,557 | 80,699 | -8,754 |
| 1999 | 13,161 | -3,490 | 79,536 | -61,031 |
| 1998 | 13,099 | -4,194 | 85,735 | -488,075 |
| 1997 | 13,254 | -4,508 | 92,778 | -481,380 |
| 1996 | 13,390 | -4,805 | 112,384 | -469,331 |
| 1995 | 13,403 | -4,951 | 140,721 | -412,775 |
| 1994 | 13,465 | -5,024 | 165,631 | -520,028 |
| 1993 | 13,667 | -5,196 | 185,649 | -292,682 |
| 1992 | 13,867 | -5,198 | 204,785 | -214,015 |
| 1991 | 13,783 | -3,323 | 221,581 | -104,271 |
| 1990 | 13,610 | -2,141 | 235,113 | -103,336 |
| 1989 | 13,374 | -1,860 | 254,394 | -72,096 |
| 1988 | 13,144 | -1,832 | 275,278 | -25,892 |
| 1987 | 12,869 | -1,687 | 290,227 | -32,724 |
| 1986 | 12,566 | -1,502 | 295,818 | -23,297 |
| 1985 | 12,202 | -1,339 | 293,834 | -103,115 |
| 1984 | 11,830 | -1,259 | 278,485 | -96,266 |
| 1983 | 11,367 | -1,122 | 260,471 | -84,566 |
| 1982 | 11,002 | -1,065 | 246,983 | -76,976 |
| 1981 | 10,569 | -999 | 243,652 | -74,624 |
| 1980 | 10,095 | -344 | 238,977 | -67,731 |
| 1979 | 9,637 | 468 | 237,442 | -60,198 |
| 1978 | 9,189 | 909 | 225,895 | 131,248 |
| 1977 | 8,750 | 1,377 | 224,284 | 135,047 |
| 1976 | 8,371 | 1,585 | 221,992 | 127,735 |
| 1975 | 7,752 | 1,986 | 219,748 | 26,332 |
| 1974 | 7,654 | 1,840 | 217,668 | 28,807 |
| 1973 | 7,328 | 1,684 | 215,940 | 30,467 |
| 1972 | 7,019 | 1,461 | 212,319 | 53,914 |
| 1971 | 6,722 | 1,216 | 202,450 | 65,291 |
| 1970 | 6,456 | 966 | 191,775 | 72,000 |
| 1969 | 6,189 | 769 | 184,118 | 77,805 |
| 1968 | 5,960 | 592 | 186,254 | 105,890 |
| 1967 | 5,741 | 465 | 191,536 | 105,830 |
| 1966 | 5,601 | -1,408 | 191,506 | 101,999 |
| 1965 | 5,465 | -2,261 | 194,470 | 103,626 |
| 1964 | 5,359 | -1,924 | 208,899 | 98,761 |
| 1963 | 5,249 | -1,764 | 223,105 | 94,932 |
| 1962 | 5,157 | -1,667 | 228,177 | 90,842 |
| 1961 | 5,027 | -1,518 | 228,686 | 85,981 |
| 1960 | 4,886 | -1,406 | 226,027 | 83,525 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/comoros/kazakhstan | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 88.2% of the population change in Comoros is from natural causes (a gain of 179,737 people) and 11.8% is from migration (a loss of 24,093 people). In Kazakhstan 98.6% is from natural causes (a gain of 2,732,767 people) and 1.43% is from migration (a gain of 39,710 people).
As of 2024, 12,449 residents or 1.4% of the population were not native-born in Comoros, compared to 2,089,797 people or 10.1% in Kazakhstan.
Biggest cities by population
|
Comoros
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Moroni | 85.4K |
| Domoni | 17.7K |
|
Kazakhstan
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Almaty | 2.23M |
| Shymkent | 1.19M |
| Nur-Sultan | 1.08M |
| Karaganda | 516K |
| Taraz | 418K |
| Aktobe | 388K |
| Semey | 350K |
| Pavlodar | 333K |
| Oskemen | 333K |
| Atyrau | 323K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Comoros and Kazakhstan
|
Comoros
|
Kazakhstan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 67.5 years | 74.8 years |
| Average age | 25.9 years | 32.2 years |
| Median age | 21.7 years | 30.6 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.3:49.7 | 48.7:51.3 |
| Fertility rate | 3.82 births per woman | 2.98 births per woman |
| Population density | 1,251 ppl/mi² | 20.2 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/comoros/kazakhstan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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