The latest officially reported population of East Timor was 1,418,517 in 2025 vs 71,619,863 people in Thailand in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current East Timor's population is 1,446,322 people compared to 71,565,981 in Thailand.
Population statistics:
- Thailand's population is 49.5 times bigger than East Timor's.
- East Timor is ranked the 152nd most populous country in the world, while Thailand is the 21st.
- The countries together account for 0.88% of the world: 0.02% for East Timor vs 0.86% for Thailand.
- For the last 10 years, East Timor has had an average growth rate of +1.67% per year vs +0.18% in Thailand.
- Since 2006, the population of East Timor has increased from 977K people to 1.45M (48.1% growth), while Thailand has grown from 66.6M to 71.6M (7.51% growth).
East Timor vs Thailand: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
East Timor
|
Thailand
|
|
| 2100 | 1,987,832 | 45,708,431 |
| 2099 | 1,992,781 | 46,053,146 |
| 2098 | 1,999,464 | 46,403,189 |
| 2097 | 2,006,033 | 46,757,918 |
| 2096 | 2,013,975 | 47,118,652 |
| 2095 | 2,022,154 | 47,484,043 |
| 2094 | 2,029,021 | 47,853,561 |
| 2093 | 2,034,247 | 48,226,682 |
| 2092 | 2,039,828 | 48,605,235 |
| 2091 | 2,046,736 | 48,984,504 |
| 2090 | 2,053,036 | 49,368,049 |
| 2089 | 2,060,872 | 49,756,629 |
| 2088 | 2,066,894 | 50,142,276 |
| 2087 | 2,074,575 | 50,532,164 |
| 2086 | 2,077,501 | 50,925,294 |
| 2085 | 2,082,992 | 51,321,960 |
| 2084 | 2,088,750 | 51,724,454 |
| 2083 | 2,094,025 | 52,127,592 |
| 2082 | 2,096,584 | 52,533,368 |
| 2081 | 2,100,389 | 52,938,345 |
| 2080 | 2,103,318 | 53,347,733 |
| 2079 | 2,102,450 | 53,762,492 |
| 2078 | 2,105,023 | 54,177,529 |
| 2077 | 2,105,962 | 54,595,112 |
| 2076 | 2,105,353 | 55,015,291 |
| 2075 | 2,105,681 | 55,438,108 |
| 2074 | 2,104,008 | 55,867,914 |
| 2073 | 2,103,594 | 56,300,358 |
| 2072 | 2,099,913 | 56,735,274 |
| 2071 | 2,092,097 | 57,172,515 |
| 2070 | 2,089,631 | 57,616,731 |
| 2069 | 2,083,998 | 58,061,962 |
| 2068 | 2,077,421 | 58,512,248 |
| 2067 | 2,070,800 | 58,962,990 |
| 2066 | 2,062,424 | 59,413,893 |
| 2065 | 2,055,429 | 59,873,261 |
| 2064 | 2,047,710 | 60,331,851 |
| 2063 | 2,039,046 | 60,792,306 |
| 2062 | 2,031,925 | 61,257,068 |
| 2061 | 2,026,233 | 61,720,030 |
| 2060 | 2,018,606 | 62,187,380 |
| 2059 | 2,008,230 | 62,651,158 |
| 2058 | 1,996,788 | 63,113,332 |
| 2057 | 1,984,779 | 63,572,746 |
| 2056 | 1,970,553 | 64,027,520 |
| 2055 | 1,957,864 | 64,473,146 |
| 2054 | 1,949,402 | 64,912,210 |
| 2053 | 1,933,335 | 65,338,122 |
| 2052 | 1,920,154 | 65,758,061 |
| 2051 | 1,909,672 | 66,162,612 |
| 2050 | 1,892,861 | 66,552,915 |
| 2049 | 1,878,666 | 66,931,487 |
| 2048 | 1,861,588 | 67,291,479 |
| 2047 | 1,844,948 | 67,636,461 |
| 2046 | 1,829,365 | 67,967,131 |
| 2045 | 1,812,921 | 68,281,902 |
| 2044 | 1,797,407 | 68,579,656 |
| 2043 | 1,777,316 | 68,864,788 |
| 2042 | 1,756,704 | 69,133,982 |
| 2041 | 1,738,329 | 69,390,832 |
| 2040 | 1,720,028 | 69,626,857 |
| 2039 | 1,699,358 | 69,848,522 |
| 2038 | 1,679,907 | 70,056,903 |
| 2037 | 1,659,862 | 70,250,371 |
| 2036 | 1,640,436 | 70,429,677 |
| 2035 | 1,617,753 | 70,599,021 |
| 2034 | 1,597,457 | 70,751,094 |
| 2033 | 1,578,852 | 70,891,510 |
| 2032 | 1,560,402 | 71,019,665 |
| 2031 | 1,540,509 | 71,134,882 |
| 2030 | 1,518,434 | 71,241,584 |
| 2029 | 1,496,842 | 71,337,147 |
| 2028 | 1,475,633 | 71,423,119 |
| 2027 | 1,455,562 | 71,499,411 |
| 2026 | 1,436,564 | 71,565,981 |
| 2025 | 1,418,517 | 71,619,863 |
| 2024 | 1,400,638 | 71,668,011 |
| 2023 | 1,384,286 | 71,702,435 |
| 2022 | 1,369,295 | 71,735,329 |
| 2021 | 1,350,139 | 71,727,332 |
| 2020 | 1,326,053 | 71,641,484 |
| 2019 | 1,300,945 | 71,522,271 |
| 2018 | 1,275,959 | 71,376,079 |
| 2017 | 1,251,703 | 71,160,187 |
| 2016 | 1,228,312 | 70,859,841 |
| 2015 | 1,205,131 | 70,540,795 |
| 2014 | 1,181,903 | 70,216,367 |
| 2013 | 1,158,695 | 69,845,114 |
| 2012 | 1,134,885 | 69,436,098 |
| 2011 | 1,110,207 | 69,007,208 |
| 2010 | 1,084,679 | 68,579,447 |
| 2009 | 1,058,782 | 68,121,080 |
| 2008 | 1,032,429 | 67,619,830 |
| 2007 | 1,004,889 | 67,102,394 |
| 2006 | 976,597 | 66,567,687 |
| 2005 | 948,311 | 66,017,420 |
| 2004 | 929,074 | 65,452,047 |
| 2003 | 916,878 | 64,868,166 |
| 2002 | 879,159 | 64,266,437 |
| 2001 | 812,249 | 63,651,141 |
| 2000 | 745,088 | 63,007,815 |
| 1999 | 834,697 | 62,299,043 |
| 1998 | 942,530 | 61,522,630 |
| 1997 | 917,184 | 60,724,584 |
| 1996 | 892,282 | 59,920,064 |
| 1995 | 868,146 | 59,098,232 |
| 1994 | 844,493 | 58,260,854 |
| 1993 | 821,437 | 57,408,198 |
| 1992 | 799,318 | 56,528,834 |
| 1991 | 778,278 | 55,637,434 |
| 1990 | 760,345 | 54,738,329 |
| 1989 | 744,856 | 53,848,956 |
| 1988 | 730,745 | 52,969,595 |
| 1987 | 718,476 | 52,074,105 |
| 1986 | 707,185 | 51,177,834 |
| 1985 | 696,665 | 50,270,753 |
| 1984 | 686,777 | 49,351,708 |
| 1983 | 677,707 | 48,423,309 |
| 1982 | 669,149 | 47,494,577 |
| 1981 | 660,493 | 46,575,855 |
| 1980 | 649,871 | 45,650,022 |
| 1979 | 638,719 | 44,718,434 |
| 1978 | 628,775 | 43,788,976 |
| 1977 | 618,315 | 42,843,974 |
| 1976 | 607,620 | 41,896,504 |
| 1975 | 598,158 | 40,940,005 |
| 1974 | 590,827 | 39,952,891 |
| 1973 | 582,855 | 38,947,787 |
| 1972 | 572,962 | 37,933,929 |
| 1971 | 562,966 | 36,937,387 |
| 1970 | 553,069 | 35,954,408 |
| 1969 | 543,356 | 34,973,782 |
| 1968 | 533,875 | 34,002,560 |
| 1967 | 524,648 | 33,037,801 |
| 1966 | 515,696 | 32,086,071 |
| 1965 | 507,034 | 31,149,337 |
| 1964 | 498,659 | 30,232,141 |
| 1963 | 490,564 | 29,342,322 |
| 1962 | 482,774 | 28,481,040 |
| 1961 | 475,291 | 27,650,334 |
| 1960 | 468,118 | 26,851,747 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/east-timor/thailand | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of East Timor increased by 251,715 people (a 25.8% growth), while Thailand gained 4,292,154 people (a 6.45% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, East Timor gained 218,010 people (a 17.7% growth), while Thailand's population increased by 706,140 people (a 1% growth).
East Timor was ranked 155th most populous country in 2006 and is 152nd in 2026. Thailand was ranked 19th in 2006 and ranked 21st now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) East Timor's population will grow by 30.9% to 1,892,861 people with a rank change from 152nd to 149th. The population of Thailand will decrease by 7% to 66,552,915 people and rank change from 21st to 31st.
East Timor is projected to reach its peak in 2077 at 2.11M people, while Thailand's population already peaked in 2022 at 71.7M people and is projected to decrease to 45.7M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
East Timor
|
Thailand
|
|
| 2100 | -0.25% | -0.75% |
| 2099 | -0.33% | -0.75% |
| 2098 | -0.33% | -0.76% |
| 2097 | -0.39% | -0.77% |
| 2096 | -0.4% | -0.77% |
| 2095 | -0.34% | -0.77% |
| 2094 | -0.26% | -0.77% |
| 2093 | -0.27% | -0.78% |
| 2092 | -0.34% | -0.77% |
| 2091 | -0.31% | -0.78% |
| 2090 | -0.38% | -0.78% |
| 2089 | -0.29% | -0.77% |
| 2088 | -0.37% | -0.77% |
| 2087 | -0.14% | -0.77% |
| 2086 | -0.26% | -0.77% |
| 2085 | -0.28% | -0.78% |
| 2084 | -0.25% | -0.77% |
| 2083 | -0.12% | -0.77% |
| 2082 | -0.18% | -0.76% |
| 2081 | -0.14% | -0.77% |
| 2080 | 0.04% | -0.77% |
| 2079 | -0.12% | -0.77% |
| 2078 | -0.04% | -0.76% |
| 2077 | 0.03% | -0.76% |
| 2076 | -0.02% | -0.76% |
| 2075 | 0.08% | -0.77% |
| 2074 | 0.02% | -0.77% |
| 2073 | 0.18% | -0.77% |
| 2072 | 0.37% | -0.76% |
| 2071 | 0.12% | -0.77% |
| 2070 | 0.27% | -0.77% |
| 2069 | 0.32% | -0.77% |
| 2068 | 0.32% | -0.76% |
| 2067 | 0.41% | -0.76% |
| 2066 | 0.34% | -0.77% |
| 2065 | 0.38% | -0.76% |
| 2064 | 0.42% | -0.76% |
| 2063 | 0.35% | -0.76% |
| 2062 | 0.28% | -0.75% |
| 2061 | 0.38% | -0.75% |
| 2060 | 0.52% | -0.74% |
| 2059 | 0.57% | -0.73% |
| 2058 | 0.61% | -0.72% |
| 2057 | 0.72% | -0.71% |
| 2056 | 0.65% | -0.69% |
| 2055 | 0.43% | -0.68% |
| 2054 | 0.83% | -0.65% |
| 2053 | 0.69% | -0.64% |
| 2052 | 0.55% | -0.61% |
| 2051 | 0.89% | -0.59% |
| 2050 | 0.76% | -0.57% |
| 2049 | 0.92% | -0.53% |
| 2048 | 0.9% | -0.51% |
| 2047 | 0.85% | -0.49% |
| 2046 | 0.91% | -0.46% |
| 2045 | 0.86% | -0.43% |
| 2044 | 1.13% | -0.41% |
| 2043 | 1.17% | -0.39% |
| 2042 | 1.06% | -0.37% |
| 2041 | 1.06% | -0.34% |
| 2040 | 1.22% | -0.32% |
| 2039 | 1.16% | -0.3% |
| 2038 | 1.21% | -0.28% |
| 2037 | 1.18% | -0.25% |
| 2036 | 1.4% | -0.24% |
| 2035 | 1.27% | -0.21% |
| 2034 | 1.18% | -0.2% |
| 2033 | 1.18% | -0.18% |
| 2032 | 1.29% | -0.16% |
| 2031 | 1.45% | -0.15% |
| 2030 | 1.44% | -0.13% |
| 2029 | 1.44% | -0.12% |
| 2028 | 1.38% | -0.11% |
| 2027 | 1.32% | -0.09% |
| 2026 | 1.27% | -0.08% |
| 2025 | 1.28% | -0.07% |
| 2024 | 1.18% | -0.05% |
| 2023 | 1.09% | -0.05% |
| 2022 | 1.42% | 0.01% |
| 2021 | 1.82% | 0.12% |
| 2020 | 1.93% | 0.17% |
| 2019 | 1.96% | 0.2% |
| 2018 | 1.94% | 0.3% |
| 2017 | 1.9% | 0.42% |
| 2016 | 1.92% | 0.45% |
| 2015 | 1.97% | 0.46% |
| 2014 | 2% | 0.53% |
| 2013 | 2.1% | 0.59% |
| 2012 | 2.22% | 0.62% |
| 2011 | 2.35% | 0.62% |
| 2010 | 2.45% | 0.67% |
| 2009 | 2.55% | 0.74% |
| 2008 | 2.74% | 0.77% |
| 2007 | 2.9% | 0.8% |
| 2006 | 2.98% | 0.83% |
| 2005 | 2.07% | 0.86% |
| 2004 | 1.33% | 0.9% |
| 2003 | 4.29% | 0.94% |
| 2002 | 8.24% | 0.97% |
| 2001 | 9.01% | 1.02% |
| 2000 | -10.7% | 1.14% |
| 1999 | -11.4% | 1.26% |
| 1998 | 2.76% | 1.31% |
| 1997 | 2.79% | 1.34% |
| 1996 | 2.78% | 1.39% |
| 1995 | 2.8% | 1.44% |
| 1994 | 2.81% | 1.49% |
| 1993 | 2.77% | 1.56% |
| 1992 | 2.7% | 1.6% |
| 1991 | 2.36% | 1.64% |
| 1990 | 2.08% | 1.65% |
| 1989 | 1.93% | 1.66% |
| 1988 | 1.71% | 1.72% |
| 1987 | 1.6% | 1.75% |
| 1986 | 1.51% | 1.8% |
| 1985 | 1.44% | 1.86% |
| 1984 | 1.34% | 1.92% |
| 1983 | 1.28% | 1.96% |
| 1982 | 1.31% | 1.97% |
| 1981 | 1.63% | 2.03% |
| 1980 | 1.75% | 2.08% |
| 1979 | 1.58% | 2.12% |
| 1978 | 1.69% | 2.21% |
| 1977 | 1.76% | 2.26% |
| 1976 | 1.58% | 2.34% |
| 1975 | 1.24% | 2.47% |
| 1974 | 1.37% | 2.58% |
| 1973 | 1.73% | 2.67% |
| 1972 | 1.78% | 2.7% |
| 1971 | 1.79% | 2.73% |
| 1970 | 1.79% | 2.8% |
| 1969 | 1.78% | 2.86% |
| 1968 | 1.76% | 2.92% |
| 1967 | 1.74% | 2.97% |
| 1966 | 1.71% | 3.01% |
| 1965 | 1.68% | 3.03% |
| 1964 | 1.65% | 3.03% |
| 1963 | 1.61% | 3.02% |
| 1962 | 1.57% | 3% |
| 1961 | 1.53% | 2.97% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/east-timor/thailand | CC BY
In 2025, the population of East Timor grew by 1.28%, while Thailand's population declined by 0.07%.
Live population counters
|
East Timor
|
Thailand
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
1446322
|
71565981
|
| Population rank | 152/197 | 21/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.02% | 0.86% |
| One net population change |
29.5 minutes
|
10.9 minutes
|
| One birth every |
17.2 minutes
|
54.2 seconds
|
| One death every |
52 minutes
|
48.7 seconds
|
| Daily growth/decline | +49 | -132 |
| Annual growth/decline | +17,879 | -48,148 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +1.28% | -0.07% |
| Population growth rate rank | 80/197 | 164/197 |
| One migration net change every |
3.44 hours
|
19.2 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -2,550 | +27,509 |
| Net migration rank | 102/196 | 30/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 8,303 | 3,179,399 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 179/195 | 21/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.6% | 4.4% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 169/195 | 100/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
East Timor
|
Thailand
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -2,550 | - | 27,509 |
| 2024 | 20,378 | -2,552 | -65,720 | 23,321 |
| 2023 | 20,495 | -5,620 | -46,105 | 19,648 |
| 2022 | 20,625 | -5,519 | -61,046 | 21,683 |
| 2021 | 20,101 | 3,111 | 57,382 | -2,093 |
| 2020 | 21,166 | 3,793 | 84,107 | 32,277 |
| 2019 | 21,307 | 3,942 | 116,867 | 5,221 |
| 2018 | 21,650 | 3,062 | 159,383 | 10,984 |
| 2017 | 22,145 | 1,666 | 194,695 | 66,805 |
| 2016 | 22,778 | 208 | 226,255 | 112,978 |
| 2015 | 23,391 | -20 | 266,362 | 32,500 |
| 2014 | 24,040 | -958 | 294,628 | 55,358 |
| 2013 | 24,538 | -1,206 | 325,059 | 67,452 |
| 2012 | 24,890 | -609 | 351,485 | 74,033 |
| 2011 | 25,237 | -159 | 365,670 | 66,607 |
| 2010 | 25,515 | 470 | 370,466 | 52,791 |
| 2009 | 25,696 | 117 | 382,636 | 110,883 |
| 2008 | 25,888 | 1,009 | 401,730 | 107,333 |
| 2007 | 26,074 | 2,103 | 425,362 | 100,486 |
| 2006 | 26,221 | 2,184 | 441,211 | 102,362 |
| 2005 | 26,412 | 1,759 | 456,378 | 100,542 |
| 2004 | 26,751 | -16,447 | 466,542 | 107,199 |
| 2003 | 26,900 | -12,810 | 488,003 | 105,917 |
| 2002 | 25,410 | 35,935 | 504,299 | 105,215 |
| 2001 | 23,314 | 49,159 | 524,230 | 96,817 |
| 2000 | 21,579 | 40,272 | 543,884 | 121,640 |
| 1999 | 21,871 | -262,940 | 578,073 | 173,924 |
| 1998 | 23,590 | 1,806 | 617,318 | 183,471 |
| 1997 | 23,501 | 1,804 | 644,834 | 150,411 |
| 1996 | 22,703 | 1,796 | 661,397 | 152,397 |
| 1995 | 21,962 | 1,806 | 682,703 | 147,226 |
| 1994 | 21,746 | 1,794 | 712,589 | 132,271 |
| 1993 | 20,770 | 1,795 | 737,696 | 122,746 |
| 1992 | 19,880 | 1,794 | 754,999 | 143,318 |
| 1991 | 18,605 | 1,803 | 760,508 | 124,034 |
| 1990 | 18,343 | -2,881 | 760,808 | 152,916 |
| 1989 | 17,758 | -2,246 | 774,563 | 90,497 |
| 1988 | 12,118 | 587 | 765,252 | 128,469 |
| 1987 | 11,945 | -106 | 774,498 | 122,791 |
| 1986 | 11,062 | -316 | 783,430 | 111,820 |
| 1985 | 10,788 | -495 | 776,935 | 141,963 |
| 1984 | 10,922 | -1,436 | 779,856 | 139,345 |
| 1983 | 9,686 | -1,032 | 794,239 | 143,393 |
| 1982 | 9,579 | -1,125 | 817,951 | 101,885 |
| 1981 | 9,336 | -482 | 839,297 | 78,337 |
| 1980 | 6,940 | 5,457 | 845,575 | 88,478 |
| 1979 | 987 | 8,924 | 843,434 | 85,693 |
| 1978 | -1,000 | 10,967 | 847,799 | 82,011 |
| 1977 | 296 | 10,657 | 871,232 | 88,937 |
| 1976 | 783 | 9,662 | 894,072 | 40,656 |
| 1975 | -1,062 | 9,542 | 911,980 | 66,306 |
| 1974 | 8,405 | -2,222 | 923,151 | 72,801 |
| 1973 | 10,033 | -278 | 933,540 | 80,704 |
| 1972 | 10,030 | 0 | 940,420 | 73,082 |
| 1971 | 9,964 | 0 | 936,215 | 43,400 |
| 1970 | 9,824 | 0 | 937,116 | 49,221 |
| 1969 | 9,611 | 0 | 948,314 | 26,551 |
| 1968 | 9,356 | 0 | 953,806 | 13,718 |
| 1967 | 9,089 | 0 | 944,980 | 17,005 |
| 1966 | 8,810 | 0 | 929,469 | 12,016 |
| 1965 | 8,526 | 0 | 909,000 | 22,995 |
| 1964 | 8,235 | 0 | 885,137 | 17,249 |
| 1963 | 7,938 | 0 | 860,728 | 16,494 |
| 1962 | 7,639 | 0 | 828,741 | 16,605 |
| 1961 | 7,330 | 0 | 801,140 | 14,968 |
| 1960 | 7,012 | 0 | 774,190 | 6,886 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/east-timor/thailand | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 99% of the population change in East Timor is from natural causes (a gain of 214,036 people) and 0.96% is from migration (a gain of 2,071 people). In Thailand 74.2% is from natural causes (a gain of 932,180 people) and 25.8% is from migration (a gain of 323,324 people).
As of 2024, 8,303 residents or 0.6% of the population were not native-born in East Timor, compared to 3,179,399 people or 4.4% in Thailand.
Biggest cities by population
|
East Timor
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Dili | 222K |
| Maliana | 15.8K |
| Baucau | 15K |
| Ainaro | 5.45K |
|
Thailand
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Bangkok | 5.68M |
| Chiang Mai | 1.2M |
| Nonthaburi | 256K |
| Pak Kret | 190K |
| Hat Yai | 159K |
| Nakhon Ratchasima | 134K |
| Chaophraya Surasak | 133K |
| Surat Thani | 131K |
| Udon Thani | 130K |
| Klaeng | 130K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between East Timor and Thailand
|
East Timor
|
Thailand
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 68.3 years | 77.1 years |
| Average age | 26.8 years | 41.2 years |
| Median age | 22.8 years | 41.5 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.4:49.6 | 48.6:51.4 |
| Fertility rate | 2.63 births per woman | 1.2 births per woman |
| Population density | 250.2 ppl/mi² | 363 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/east-timor/thailand | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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