The latest officially reported population of Bosnia and Herzegovina was 3,140,095 in 2025 vs 21,003,705 people in Chad in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Bosnia and Herzegovina's population is 3,114,736 people compared to 21,855,137 in Chad.
Population statistics:
- Chad's population is 7.02 times bigger than Bosnia and Herzegovina's.
- Bosnia and Herzegovina is ranked the 135th most populous country in the world, while Chad is the 64th.
- The countries together account for 0.3% of the world: 0.04% for Bosnia and Herzegovina vs 0.26% for Chad.
- For the last 10 years, Bosnia and Herzegovina has had an average growth rate of -1.15% per year vs +3.63% in Chad.
- Since 2006, the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina has decreased from 4.06M people to 3.11M (23.3% decline), while Chad has grown from 10.7M to 21.9M (104.1% growth).
Bosnia and Herzegovina vs Chad: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Bosnia
|
Chad
|
|
| 2100 | 1,368,062 | 70,311,013 |
| 2099 | 1,382,211 | 69,986,866 |
| 2098 | 1,396,949 | 69,662,155 |
| 2097 | 1,412,908 | 69,277,239 |
| 2096 | 1,428,574 | 68,889,445 |
| 2095 | 1,443,843 | 68,502,128 |
| 2094 | 1,459,099 | 68,110,775 |
| 2093 | 1,474,841 | 67,684,792 |
| 2092 | 1,490,288 | 67,233,921 |
| 2091 | 1,505,574 | 66,781,244 |
| 2090 | 1,521,165 | 66,290,702 |
| 2089 | 1,537,449 | 65,798,812 |
| 2088 | 1,554,002 | 65,317,154 |
| 2087 | 1,570,515 | 64,800,745 |
| 2086 | 1,587,803 | 64,278,192 |
| 2085 | 1,605,248 | 63,727,856 |
| 2084 | 1,623,603 | 63,168,104 |
| 2083 | 1,642,536 | 62,596,574 |
| 2082 | 1,661,441 | 62,040,380 |
| 2081 | 1,680,572 | 61,434,119 |
| 2080 | 1,700,417 | 60,826,765 |
| 2079 | 1,720,559 | 60,198,617 |
| 2078 | 1,741,147 | 59,555,772 |
| 2077 | 1,762,029 | 58,918,103 |
| 2076 | 1,783,547 | 58,275,388 |
| 2075 | 1,805,988 | 57,618,555 |
| 2074 | 1,828,419 | 56,965,122 |
| 2073 | 1,850,549 | 56,292,259 |
| 2072 | 1,873,199 | 55,597,279 |
| 2071 | 1,896,330 | 54,903,565 |
| 2070 | 1,920,335 | 54,214,047 |
| 2069 | 1,943,983 | 53,520,311 |
| 2068 | 1,967,713 | 52,818,046 |
| 2067 | 1,993,328 | 52,125,908 |
| 2066 | 2,018,796 | 51,388,975 |
| 2065 | 2,045,094 | 50,658,129 |
| 2064 | 2,071,026 | 49,900,784 |
| 2063 | 2,096,801 | 49,155,513 |
| 2062 | 2,122,454 | 48,403,186 |
| 2061 | 2,148,932 | 47,648,039 |
| 2060 | 2,176,154 | 46,859,349 |
| 2059 | 2,203,131 | 46,066,772 |
| 2058 | 2,230,453 | 45,285,757 |
| 2057 | 2,258,553 | 44,507,961 |
| 2056 | 2,288,270 | 43,722,007 |
| 2055 | 2,318,066 | 42,925,488 |
| 2054 | 2,345,650 | 42,142,940 |
| 2053 | 2,374,091 | 41,351,412 |
| 2052 | 2,401,804 | 40,559,038 |
| 2051 | 2,431,166 | 39,768,198 |
| 2050 | 2,459,340 | 38,981,624 |
| 2049 | 2,488,686 | 38,210,212 |
| 2048 | 2,516,605 | 37,418,176 |
| 2047 | 2,545,909 | 36,648,598 |
| 2046 | 2,575,176 | 35,880,269 |
| 2045 | 2,603,679 | 35,104,973 |
| 2044 | 2,631,917 | 34,352,050 |
| 2043 | 2,660,625 | 33,590,931 |
| 2042 | 2,689,157 | 32,837,006 |
| 2041 | 2,719,360 | 32,086,067 |
| 2040 | 2,748,491 | 31,362,066 |
| 2039 | 2,776,696 | 30,621,558 |
| 2038 | 2,803,054 | 29,886,177 |
| 2037 | 2,829,544 | 29,155,330 |
| 2036 | 2,856,285 | 28,422,010 |
| 2035 | 2,883,527 | 27,709,891 |
| 2034 | 2,912,522 | 27,003,635 |
| 2033 | 2,939,434 | 26,292,134 |
| 2032 | 2,966,176 | 25,581,739 |
| 2031 | 2,989,887 | 24,875,542 |
| 2030 | 3,013,719 | 24,183,856 |
| 2029 | 3,037,488 | 23,494,522 |
| 2028 | 3,062,650 | 22,809,219 |
| 2027 | 3,088,595 | 22,131,874 |
| 2026 | 3,114,736 | 21,562,855 |
| 2025 | 3,140,095 | 21,003,705 |
| 2024 | 3,164,253 | 20,299,123 |
| 2023 | 3,185,073 | 19,319,064 |
| 2022 | 3,204,802 | 18,455,316 |
| 2021 | 3,244,907 | 17,828,273 |
| 2020 | 3,299,349 | 17,224,679 |
| 2019 | 3,345,533 | 16,685,223 |
| 2018 | 3,387,000 | 16,156,531 |
| 2017 | 3,428,682 | 15,622,759 |
| 2016 | 3,473,003 | 15,114,655 |
| 2015 | 3,518,541 | 14,647,621 |
| 2014 | 3,564,829 | 14,188,678 |
| 2013 | 3,610,859 | 13,691,079 |
| 2012 | 3,670,113 | 13,210,998 |
| 2011 | 3,741,798 | 12,754,997 |
| 2010 | 3,811,472 | 12,312,575 |
| 2009 | 3,879,794 | 11,893,754 |
| 2008 | 3,947,544 | 11,476,296 |
| 2007 | 4,013,424 | 11,081,660 |
| 2006 | 4,063,272 | 10,706,424 |
| 2005 | 4,096,493 | 10,328,092 |
| 2004 | 4,140,987 | 9,920,036 |
| 2003 | 4,178,523 | 9,487,833 |
| 2002 | 4,188,002 | 9,116,192 |
| 2001 | 4,179,438 | 8,804,124 |
| 2000 | 4,159,771 | 8,512,093 |
| 1999 | 4,130,305 | 8,222,705 |
| 1998 | 4,089,356 | 7,938,840 |
| 1997 | 4,018,227 | 7,670,366 |
| 1996 | 3,875,246 | 7,410,108 |
| 1995 | 3,715,564 | 7,089,064 |
| 1994 | 3,725,412 | 6,783,450 |
| 1993 | 3,904,482 | 6,629,146 |
| 1992 | 4,234,616 | 6,474,656 |
| 1991 | 4,458,343 | 6,205,676 |
| 1990 | 4,448,652 | 5,982,833 |
| 1989 | 4,433,983 | 5,819,586 |
| 1988 | 4,414,404 | 5,625,602 |
| 1987 | 4,390,246 | 5,438,309 |
| 1986 | 4,362,115 | 5,251,069 |
| 1985 | 4,330,364 | 5,096,269 |
| 1984 | 4,295,536 | 5,045,145 |
| 1983 | 4,258,728 | 4,979,130 |
| 1982 | 4,221,100 | 4,738,483 |
| 1981 | 4,184,217 | 4,520,959 |
| 1980 | 4,148,426 | 4,515,453 |
| 1979 | 4,113,300 | 4,505,384 |
| 1978 | 4,078,240 | 4,411,366 |
| 1977 | 4,042,124 | 4,331,667 |
| 1976 | 4,004,552 | 4,251,297 |
| 1975 | 3,965,743 | 4,167,234 |
| 1974 | 3,926,472 | 4,078,356 |
| 1973 | 3,887,376 | 3,985,909 |
| 1972 | 3,848,271 | 3,893,252 |
| 1971 | 3,809,376 | 3,807,316 |
| 1970 | 3,773,247 | 3,727,828 |
| 1969 | 3,737,765 | 3,651,113 |
| 1968 | 3,698,794 | 3,578,231 |
| 1967 | 3,656,223 | 3,508,512 |
| 1966 | 3,610,562 | 3,440,903 |
| 1965 | 3,562,834 | 3,374,220 |
| 1964 | 3,513,441 | 3,307,479 |
| 1963 | 3,461,942 | 3,240,905 |
| 1962 | 3,407,532 | 3,175,598 |
| 1961 | 3,348,035 | 3,111,947 |
| 1960 | 3,281,381 | 3,049,838 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/bosnia-and-herzegovina/chad | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina decreased by 590,269 people (a 14.5% decline), while Chad gained 4,408,231 people (a 41.2% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Bosnia and Herzegovina lost 358,267 people (a 10.3% decline), while Chad's population increased by 6,740,482 people (a 44.6% growth).
Bosnia and Herzegovina was ranked 123rd most populous country in 2006 and is 135th in 2026. Chad was ranked 76th in 2006 and ranked 64th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Bosnia and Herzegovina's population will shrink by 21% to 2,459,340 people with a rank change from 135th to 144th. The population of Chad will increase by 78.4% to 38,981,624 people and rank change from 64th to 52nd.
Chad is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 70.3M people, while Bosnia and Herzegovina's population already peaked in 1991 at 4.46M people and is projected to decrease to 1.37M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Bosnia
|
Chad
|
|
| 2100 | -1.02% | 0.46% |
| 2099 | -1.06% | 0.47% |
| 2098 | -1.13% | 0.56% |
| 2097 | -1.1% | 0.56% |
| 2096 | -1.06% | 0.57% |
| 2095 | -1.05% | 0.57% |
| 2094 | -1.07% | 0.63% |
| 2093 | -1.04% | 0.67% |
| 2092 | -1.02% | 0.68% |
| 2091 | -1.02% | 0.74% |
| 2090 | -1.06% | 0.75% |
| 2089 | -1.07% | 0.74% |
| 2088 | -1.05% | 0.8% |
| 2087 | -1.09% | 0.81% |
| 2086 | -1.09% | 0.86% |
| 2085 | -1.13% | 0.89% |
| 2084 | -1.15% | 0.91% |
| 2083 | -1.14% | 0.9% |
| 2082 | -1.14% | 0.99% |
| 2081 | -1.17% | 1% |
| 2080 | -1.17% | 1.04% |
| 2079 | -1.18% | 1.08% |
| 2078 | -1.19% | 1.08% |
| 2077 | -1.21% | 1.1% |
| 2076 | -1.24% | 1.14% |
| 2075 | -1.23% | 1.15% |
| 2074 | -1.2% | 1.2% |
| 2073 | -1.21% | 1.25% |
| 2072 | -1.22% | 1.26% |
| 2071 | -1.25% | 1.27% |
| 2070 | -1.22% | 1.3% |
| 2069 | -1.21% | 1.33% |
| 2068 | -1.29% | 1.33% |
| 2067 | -1.26% | 1.43% |
| 2066 | -1.29% | 1.44% |
| 2065 | -1.25% | 1.52% |
| 2064 | -1.23% | 1.52% |
| 2063 | -1.21% | 1.55% |
| 2062 | -1.23% | 1.58% |
| 2061 | -1.25% | 1.68% |
| 2060 | -1.22% | 1.72% |
| 2059 | -1.22% | 1.72% |
| 2058 | -1.24% | 1.75% |
| 2057 | -1.3% | 1.8% |
| 2056 | -1.29% | 1.86% |
| 2055 | -1.18% | 1.86% |
| 2054 | -1.2% | 1.91% |
| 2053 | -1.15% | 1.95% |
| 2052 | -1.21% | 1.99% |
| 2051 | -1.15% | 2.02% |
| 2050 | -1.18% | 2.02% |
| 2049 | -1.11% | 2.12% |
| 2048 | -1.15% | 2.1% |
| 2047 | -1.14% | 2.14% |
| 2046 | -1.09% | 2.21% |
| 2045 | -1.07% | 2.19% |
| 2044 | -1.08% | 2.27% |
| 2043 | -1.06% | 2.3% |
| 2042 | -1.11% | 2.34% |
| 2041 | -1.06% | 2.31% |
| 2040 | -1.02% | 2.42% |
| 2039 | -0.94% | 2.46% |
| 2038 | -0.94% | 2.51% |
| 2037 | -0.94% | 2.58% |
| 2036 | -0.94% | 2.57% |
| 2035 | -1% | 2.62% |
| 2034 | -0.92% | 2.71% |
| 2033 | -0.9% | 2.78% |
| 2032 | -0.79% | 2.84% |
| 2031 | -0.79% | 2.86% |
| 2030 | -0.78% | 2.93% |
| 2029 | -0.82% | 3% |
| 2028 | -0.84% | 3.06% |
| 2027 | -0.84% | 2.64% |
| 2026 | -0.81% | 2.66% |
| 2025 | -0.76% | 3.47% |
| 2024 | -0.65% | 5.07% |
| 2023 | -0.62% | 4.68% |
| 2022 | -1.24% | 3.52% |
| 2021 | -1.65% | 3.5% |
| 2020 | -1.38% | 3.23% |
| 2019 | -1.22% | 3.27% |
| 2018 | -1.22% | 3.42% |
| 2017 | -1.28% | 3.36% |
| 2016 | -1.29% | 3.19% |
| 2015 | -1.3% | 3.23% |
| 2014 | -1.27% | 3.63% |
| 2013 | -1.61% | 3.63% |
| 2012 | -1.92% | 3.58% |
| 2011 | -1.83% | 3.59% |
| 2010 | -1.76% | 3.52% |
| 2009 | -1.72% | 3.64% |
| 2008 | -1.64% | 3.56% |
| 2007 | -1.23% | 3.5% |
| 2006 | -0.81% | 3.66% |
| 2005 | -1.07% | 4.11% |
| 2004 | -0.9% | 4.56% |
| 2003 | -0.23% | 4.08% |
| 2002 | 0.2% | 3.54% |
| 2001 | 0.47% | 3.43% |
| 2000 | 0.71% | 3.52% |
| 1999 | 1% | 3.58% |
| 1998 | 1.77% | 3.5% |
| 1997 | 3.69% | 3.51% |
| 1996 | 4.3% | 4.53% |
| 1995 | -0.26% | 4.51% |
| 1994 | -4.59% | 2.33% |
| 1993 | -7.8% | 2.39% |
| 1992 | -5.02% | 4.33% |
| 1991 | 0.22% | 3.72% |
| 1990 | 0.33% | 2.81% |
| 1989 | 0.44% | 3.45% |
| 1988 | 0.55% | 3.44% |
| 1987 | 0.64% | 3.57% |
| 1986 | 0.73% | 3.04% |
| 1985 | 0.81% | 1.01% |
| 1984 | 0.86% | 1.33% |
| 1983 | 0.89% | 5.08% |
| 1982 | 0.88% | 4.81% |
| 1981 | 0.86% | 0.12% |
| 1980 | 0.85% | 0.22% |
| 1979 | 0.86% | 2.13% |
| 1978 | 0.89% | 1.84% |
| 1977 | 0.94% | 1.89% |
| 1976 | 0.98% | 2.02% |
| 1975 | 1% | 2.18% |
| 1974 | 1.01% | 2.32% |
| 1973 | 1.02% | 2.38% |
| 1972 | 1.02% | 2.26% |
| 1971 | 0.96% | 2.13% |
| 1970 | 0.95% | 2.1% |
| 1969 | 1.05% | 2.04% |
| 1968 | 1.16% | 1.99% |
| 1967 | 1.26% | 1.96% |
| 1966 | 1.34% | 1.98% |
| 1965 | 1.41% | 2.02% |
| 1964 | 1.49% | 2.05% |
| 1963 | 1.6% | 2.06% |
| 1962 | 1.78% | 2.05% |
| 1961 | 2.03% | 2.04% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/bosnia-and-herzegovina/chad | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina declined by 0.76%, while Chad's population grew by 3.47%.
Live population counters
|
Bosnia
|
Chad
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
3114736
|
21855137
|
| Population rank | 135/197 | 64/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.04% | 0.26% |
| One net population change |
21.8 minutes
|
44.9 seconds
|
| One birth every |
21.5 minutes
|
35.9 seconds
|
| One death every |
12.3 minutes
|
2.34 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | -66 | +1,930 |
| Annual growth/decline | -24,158 | +704,582 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | -0.76% | +3.47% |
| Population growth rate rank | 192/197 | 6/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.26 hours
|
4.28 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -6,994 | -123,104 |
| Net migration rank | 124/196 | 184/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 34,120 | 1,269,673 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 160/195 | 50/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 1.1% | 6.3% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 151/195 | 83/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Bosnia
|
Chad
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -6,994 | - | -123,104 |
| 2024 | -18,359 | -4,497 | 653,307 | 204,040 |
| 2023 | -18,292 | -485 | 605,924 | 496,830 |
| 2022 | -20,197 | -485 | 588,060 | 36,670 |
| 2021 | -33,670 | -25,865 | 554,851 | 74,509 |
| 2020 | -22,502 | -26,840 | 541,234 | 36,605 |
| 2019 | -15,192 | -27,841 | 530,540 | -29,451 |
| 2018 | -10,761 | -29,147 | 509,642 | 46,661 |
| 2017 | -12,810 | -30,650 | 494,304 | 16,916 |
| 2016 | -13,009 | -32,173 | 483,442 | 21,540 |
| 2015 | -11,942 | -33,948 | 478,010 | -48,918 |
| 2014 | -11,009 | -35,683 | 467,957 | 20,842 |
| 2013 | -8,367 | -37,002 | 454,517 | 51,887 |
| 2012 | -6,761 | -66,378 | 444,246 | 9,514 |
| 2011 | -5,354 | -64,875 | 428,989 | 29,256 |
| 2010 | -1,895 | -67,228 | 416,177 | 10,427 |
| 2009 | 652 | -68,182 | 401,937 | 9,108 |
| 2008 | 161 | -68,140 | 387,439 | 36,446 |
| 2007 | 1,557 | -65,335 | 376,732 | -11,339 |
| 2006 | 2,714 | -38,622 | 362,027 | 23,052 |
| 2005 | 6,546 | -37,086 | 352,302 | 19,281 |
| 2004 | 9,549 | -68,008 | 334,136 | 110,387 |
| 2003 | 10,781 | -27,396 | 314,740 | 105,140 |
| 2002 | 10,972 | -13,312 | 302,995 | 20,400 |
| 2001 | 10,424 | 9,055 | 297,254 | 3,484 |
| 2000 | 11,722 | 8,138 | 287,173 | -3,845 |
| 1999 | 13,568 | 25,495 | 278,264 | 17,175 |
| 1998 | 18,492 | 24,335 | 270,055 | 2,232 |
| 1997 | 19,311 | 80,133 | 261,030 | 3,631 |
| 1996 | 13,327 | 173,193 | 254,589 | 1,259 |
| 1995 | 5,926 | 126,914 | 234,010 | 152,232 |
| 1994 | 4,895 | -157,427 | 223,996 | 986 |
| 1993 | -27,199 | -178,416 | 229,984 | -146,386 |
| 1992 | -17,883 | -436,814 | 219,348 | 6,013 |
| 1991 | 33,692 | -26,483 | 200,102 | 112,492 |
| 1990 | 34,993 | -22,829 | 191,959 | -58,884 |
| 1989 | 36,802 | -19,634 | 188,485 | 4,924 |
| 1988 | 39,058 | -17,058 | 178,489 | 16,085 |
| 1987 | 41,172 | -14,853 | 156,797 | 23,220 |
| 1986 | 42,884 | -12,941 | 152,360 | 42,093 |
| 1985 | 44,983 | -11,429 | 145,845 | -30,686 |
| 1984 | 46,413 | -10,321 | 151,511 | -164,489 |
| 1983 | 47,135 | -9,599 | 144,684 | 247 |
| 1982 | 47,023 | -9,298 | 119,121 | 217,242 |
| 1981 | 45,423 | -9,384 | 111,907 | -13,232 |
| 1980 | 42,911 | -7,368 | 122,468 | -210,126 |
| 1979 | 42,157 | -7,454 | 117,780 | -9,974 |
| 1978 | 44,800 | -9,382 | 115,084 | -34,856 |
| 1977 | 48,643 | -11,834 | 113,498 | -34,318 |
| 1976 | 52,107 | -13,778 | 111,324 | -29,755 |
| 1975 | 53,629 | -14,348 | 109,315 | -22,768 |
| 1974 | 53,600 | -14,345 | 106,898 | -15,686 |
| 1973 | 52,989 | -14,043 | 104,418 | -10,737 |
| 1972 | 54,072 | -14,807 | 101,142 | -9,526 |
| 1971 | 54,352 | -15,829 | 89,404 | -9,153 |
| 1970 | 54,455 | -20,714 | 87,660 | -8,931 |
| 1969 | 58,454 | -21,229 | 83,413 | -8,714 |
| 1968 | 61,422 | -20,704 | 79,465 | -8,396 |
| 1967 | 65,618 | -21,195 | 76,142 | -7,771 |
| 1966 | 70,085 | -23,196 | 73,123 | -6,283 |
| 1965 | 72,896 | -24,330 | 70,913 | -4,384 |
| 1964 | 74,151 | -23,922 | 69,483 | -2,518 |
| 1963 | 75,380 | -22,611 | 67,414 | -1,228 |
| 1962 | 77,582 | -21,531 | 65,312 | -890 |
| 1961 | 77,601 | -14,655 | 63,639 | -760 |
| 1960 | 76,840 | -6,481 | 62,003 | -672 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/bosnia-and-herzegovina/chad | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 45.5% of the population change in Bosnia and Herzegovina is from natural causes (a loss of 176,734 people) and 54.5% is from migration (a loss of 211,931 people). In Chad 86.4% is from natural causes (a gain of 5,439,314 people) and 13.6% is from migration (a gain of 855,402 people).
As of 2024, 34,120 residents or 1.1% of the population were not native-born in Bosnia and Herzegovina, compared to 1,269,673 people or 6.3% in Chad.
Biggest cities by population
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Population differences between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Chad
|
Bosnia
|
Chad
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 78.4 years | 55.6 years |
| Average age | 45 years | 21.2 years |
| Median age | 46.7 years | 16.9 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 47.6:52.4 | 50.2:49.8 |
| Fertility rate | 1.49 births per woman | 6.03 births per woman |
| Population density | 157.6 ppl/mi² | 44.4 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/bosnia-and-herzegovina/chad | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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